Tech Rep. No. NGRI-2018-GW-960 (Restricted)

Assessment of groundwater conditions and water quality around Peenya Industrial Development Areas

Phase I & Phase II in Bangalore

Sponsored by Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB)

Bangalore, Karnataka

Ratnakar Dhakate, A.K. Mohanty, G. Venkata Ratnalu, Priyanka Mishra and K. Rajkumar

CSIR-NATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH)

HYDERABAD – 500 007 MAY 2018

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Contents

Page No

List of Tables iv List of Figures vi Acknowledgement xvi Executive Summary xvii

1.0 Introduction 1

2.0 Study area 2

2.1 Topography 3 2.2 Climate 3

3.0 Geology of the area 4

4.0 Hydrology of the area 4

5.0 Groundwater Quality 5

5.1 pH 5 5.2 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 6 5.3 Sodium 6 5.4 Potassium 7 5.5 Calcium 7 5.6 Magnesium 8 5.7 Sulphate 8 5.8 Nitrate as Nitrate 9 5.9 Chloride 9 5.10 Fluoride 9 5.11 Bicarbonate 10

6.0 Heavy metals 10

6.1 Barium 11 6.2 Beryllium 11 6.3 Cadmium 11 6.4 Cobalt 11 6.5 Total chromium 12 6.5 Hexavalent chromium 12 6.6 Copper 12 6.7 Iron 13 6.8 Manganese 13 6.9 Nickel 13 6.10 Zinc 13

7.0 Secondary Data Analysis 14

7.1 pH 14 7.2 Total Dissolved Solids(TDS) 15

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Page No. 7.3 Calcium 15 7.4 Magnesium 15 7.5 Sulphate 15

7.6 Nitrate 16 7.7 Chloride 16

8.0 Soil Characteristics 16

8.1 Copper 17 8.2 Lead 17 8.3 Zinc 17 8.4 Nickel 18 8.6 Total Chromium 18 8.7 Iron 19

9.0 Geophysical Investigation (Electrical Resistivity Tomography) 19

9.1 ERT Profile No.1 20 9.2 ERT Profile No.2 20 9.3 ERT Profile No.3 21 9.4 ERT Profile No.4 21 9.5 ERT Profile No.5 21 9.6 ERT Profile No.6 22 9.7 ERT Profile No.7 22 9.8 ERT Profile No.8 22 9.9 ERT Profile No.9 23

9.10 ERT Profile No.10 23 9.11 ERT Profile No.11 23 9.12 ERT Profile No.12 24 9.13 ERT Profile No.13 24 9.14 ERT Profile No.14 24 9.15 ERT Profile No.15 25 9.16 ERT Profile No.16 25 9.17 ERT Profile No.17 25 9.18 ERT Profile No.18 26 9.19 ERT Profile No.19 26 9.20 ERT Profile No.20 26 9.21 ERT Profile No.21 27 9.22 ERT Profile No.22 27 9.23 ERT Profile No.23 27 9.24 ERT Profile No.24 28 9.25 ERT Profile No.25 28 9.26 ERT Profile No.26 28 9.27 ERT Profile No.27 29 9.28 ERT Profile No.28 29

10.0 Aquifer Parameters Estimation 30

10.1 Pumping Test No.1 30 10.2 Pumping Test No.2 30 10.3 Pumping Test No.3 31 10.4 Pumping Test No.4 31

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Page No. 10.5 Pumping Test No.5 31 10.6 Pumping Test No.6 32 10.7 Pumping Test No.7 32 10.8 Pumping Test No.8 32 10.9 Pumping Test No.9 33 10.10 Pumping Test No.10 33 10.11 Pumping Test No.11 34

11.0 In-situ Soil Infiltration Measurements 34

12.0 Groundwater Flow and Mass Transport Modelling 35

12.1 Flow and Transport Processes 35 12.2 Governing Equations 36 12.3 Groundwater velocity 38 12.4 Mass Transport Equation 38

13.0 Mass Transport Model 41

14.0 Chromium Removed Techniques 42

14.1 Chemical Processes 43

a) Reduction/Oxidation 43 b) Ion-Exchange 43 c) Sorption 43 d) Precipitation 44

14.2 Biological Processes 44

a) Bacterial reduction 44 b) Phytoremediation 45

14.3 Chromium Phytoremediation for contaminated Soil 45

15.0 Conclusions 46

16.0 Remedial Measures 47 17.0 References 48

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List of Tables

Table 1 Observation wells for groundwater monitoring in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore during July 2016 Table 2 Observation wells for groundwater monitoring in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore during January, 2017 Table 3 Observation wells for groundwater monitoring in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore during August, 2017 Table 4 Groundwater and Surface water sample locations in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore during July 2016 and January 2017 Table 5 Groundwater and surface water Quality Analysis for Major Ions in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka during July 2016 Table 6 Groundwater and surface water Quality Analysis for Major Ions in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka during January 2017 Table 7 Groundwater and surface water Quality Analysis for Heavy Metals in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka during July 2016 Table 8 Groundwater and surface water Quality Analysis for Heavy Elements in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka during January 2017 Table 9a Groundwater/Surface water samples exceeding the permissible limit (BIS, 10500) for the major ions in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka during Pre and Post-monsoon season Table 9b Groundwater/Surface water samples exceeding the permissible limit (BIS, 10500) for the heavy elements s in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka during Pre and Post-monsoon season Table 10a Groundwater sample locations in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore during July 2015 (Data Provided by KSPCB) Table 10b Groundwater sample locations in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore during July 2016 (Data Provided by KSPCB) Table 10c Groundwater and surface water Quality Analysis for Major Ions in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka during July 2015 (Data Provided by KSPCB, Bangalore) Table 10d Groundwater and surface water Quality Analysis for Major Ions in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka during July 2016 (Data Provided by KSPCB, Bangalore) Table 10e Groundwater Quality Analysis for Heavy Elements in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka during July 2015 (Data Provided by KSPCB, Bangalore)

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Table 10f Groundwater Quality Analysis for Heavy Elements in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka during July 2016 (Data Provided by KSPCB, Bangalore) Table 11a Location of Soil sample collected in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka (Data Provided by KSPCB, Bangalore) Table 11b Trace elements metal concentration (mg/kg) in soil samples at 0-30 cm (1ft) depth collected at Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka (Data Provided by KSPCB, Bangalore) Table 11c Trace elements metal concentration (mg/kg) in soil samples at 30-90 cm (3ft) depth collected at Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka (Data Provided by KSPCB, Bangalore) Table 11d Trace elements metal concentration (mg/kg) in soil samples at 90-150 cm (5ft) depth collected at Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka (Data Provided by KSPCB, Bangalore) Table 12 Location of Electrical Resistivity Tomography carried out in Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Table 13 Summary of Pumping test carried out in Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka during Janury 2017 Table 14 Interpreted Aquifer Parameters by Theis, Neuman and Hantush & Jacob Methods in Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Table 15 In situ Infiltration Tests and rate (cm/hr) in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka

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List of Figures

Fig.1a. Map showing the watershed covering Peenya industrial area, Bangalore

Fig.1b. Map showing the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area and industrial boundary in the watershed

Fig.1c. Geological map of the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore

Fig.2a. Observation Wells in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.2b. Observation Wells in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka – January 2017 Fig.3a. Depth to Groundwater in m (bgl) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.3b. Depth to Groundwater in m (bgl) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.3c. Depth to Groundwater in m (bgl) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka – August 2017 Fig.4a. Topography Elevation in m (amsl) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Fig.4b. Groundwater Level in m (amsl) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.4c. Groundwater Level in m (amsl) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.4d.Groundwater Level in m (amsl) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - August 2017 Fig.5a. Obs Wells for groundwater & surface sample location in the Peenya Industrial area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.5b. Obs Wells for groundwater & surface sample location in the Peenya Industrial area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.6a. pH variation in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.6b. pH variation in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.7a.TDS concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.7b.TDS concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017

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Fig.8a. Sodium concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.8a. Sodium concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.9a. Potassium concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.9b. Potassium concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.10a.Calcium concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.10b.Calcium concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.11a.Magnesium concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.11b.Magnesium concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.12a.Sulphate concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.12b.Sulphate concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.13a.Nitrate concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.13b.Nitrate concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.14a.Chloride concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.14b.Chloride concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.15a.Fluoride concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.15b.Fluoride concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.16a. Bicarbonate concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.16b.Bicarbonate concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017

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Fig.17a.Barium concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.17b.Barium concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.18a.Beryllium concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.18b.Beryllium concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.19a.Cadmium concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.19b.Cadmium concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.20a.Cobalt concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.20b.Cobalt concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.21a.Total Chromium concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.21b.Total Chromium concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.22a.Hexavalent Chromium concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.22b.Hexavalent Chromium concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.23a.Copper concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.23b.Copper concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.24a.Iron concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig. 24b.Iron concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig. 25a.Manganese concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.25b.Manganese concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017

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Fig.26a. Nickel concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.26b.Nickel concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.27a.Zinc concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.27b.Zinc concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - January 2017 Fig.28a.Obs Wells for groundwater & surface sample location in the Peenya Industrial area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2015 Fig.28b.Obs Wells for groundwater & surface sample location in the Peenya Industrial area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.29a.pH variation in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2015 Fig.29b.pH variation in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.30a.TDS concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2015 Fig.30b.TDS concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.31a.Calcium concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2015 Fig.31b.Calcium concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.32a.Magnesium concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2015 Fig.32b.Magnesium concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.33a.Sulphate concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2015 Fig.33b.Sulphate concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.34a.Nitrate concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2015 Fig.34b.Nitrate concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016

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Fig.35a.Chloride concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2015 Fig.35b.Chloride concentration (mg/l) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.36a. Iron concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2015 Fig.36b.Iron concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.37a.Zinc concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2015 Fig.37b.Zinc concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.38a.Total Chromium concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2015 Fig.38b.Total Chromium concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.39. Hexavalent Chromium concentration (ppb) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka - July 2016 Fig.40. Location of soil samples collected in Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore Fig.41a.Copper concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at ground level to one feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.41b.Copper concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at three feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore –July 2016 Fig.41c.Copper concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at five feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.42a.Lead concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at ground level to one feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.42b.Lead concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at three feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.42c.Lead concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at five feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.43a.Zinc concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at ground level to one feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.43b.Zinc concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at three feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.43c.Zinc concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at five feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016

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Fig.44a.Nickel concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at ground level to one feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.44b.Nickel concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at three feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.44c.Nickel concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at five feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.45a.Total Chromium concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at ground level to one feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.45b.Total Chromium concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at three feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.45c.Total Chromium concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at five feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.46a.Iron concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at ground level to one feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.46b.Iron concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at three feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.46c.Iron concentration (mg/kg) in the soil samples collected at five feet depth in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-July 2016 Fig.47.Electrical Resistivity Tomography locations in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Fig.48.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.1 is carried out at Karnataka State Pollution Control Board Peenya Office Fig.49. Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.2 carried out at Anglo-French industries, near ETP treatment plant Fig.50.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.3 carried out at Sami labs Fig.51.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.4 carried out at Peenya gymkhana ground Fig.52.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.5 carried out at upstream of Karihobanahalli lake Fig.53. Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No. 6 carried out at M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Fig.54.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.7 nearer Vignesh Vidyuth Controls, 17th cross road, Doddanna Industrial Area, Peenya 2nd stage Fig.55.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.8 carried out at Essar Caps, 16th Cross, Byraweshwara Industrial, Andrahalli main road

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Fig.56.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.9 carried out at S.L.N. Chemicals, M.S. Green City, Andrahalli main road, near Peenya 2nd stage (near Andrahalli Lake) Fig.57.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.10 carried out at opposite Sanjay Garments, near Shamala Siddagangaiah Kalyana Mantapa, Indra nagar, Doddabidarekallu road Fig.58.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.11 carried out at opposite Vishwas Packaging, Tigalarapalya main road, Peenya 2nd stage Fig.59. Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.12 carried out at backside of Micromatic & Unitex industries Fig.60.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.13 carried out at Rajgopalnagar Park, Rajgopalanagar Fig.61.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.14 carried out at in front of Deva Industries main road, 2nd Stage, Peenya Fig.62.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.15 Carried out at in front of K.G. Vidyamandir Private School, Tigalarapalya main road, Balajinagar, Dasarahalli Fig.63. Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.16 carried out at opposite of Siddhartha International School, Siddhartha nagar, Nagasandra Post, Tumkur road Fig.64.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.17 carried out at Karihobanahalli Lake downstream side Fig.65.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.18 carried out at near Gruhalakshmi Layout, in between Shivapura and Karihobanahalli Lake Fig.66.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.19 carried out at Shivapura colony ground (near to Shivapura Lake) Fig.67.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.20 carried out at Brundavananagar, Karihobanahalli village, Nagasandra Post Fig.68.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.21 carried out at Suvarna Nagara, HMT layout, Nelagadinalli main road Fig.69.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.22 carried out at Dasarahalli Lake Fig.70.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.23 carried out at Dasarahalli Lake down stream Fig.71.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.24 carried out at Baveshwara Bus Terminal, Peenya Fig.72.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.25 carried out at near Gorukuntapalya Metro Station Fig.73.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.26 carried out at HMT Kannada Higher Primary School Ground, Jalahalli (Post)

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Fig.74.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.27 carried out at beside Sri Raghavendra Weighers, Yeswanthpur Fig.75.Electrical Resistivity Tomography Image of Profile No.28 carried out at Alliage Metal Castings (P) Ltd, Industrial Suburb, near Peenya 3rd Phase Fig.76.Pumping tests locations in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Fig.77.In-situ Infiltration tests locations and infiltration rate (cm/hr) in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Fig.78.Groundwater Flow Model Domain of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Fig.79a.Vertical Cross Section along Row-22 in the Groundwater Flow Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Fig.79b.Vertical Cross Section along Column-22 in the Groundwater Flow Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Fig.80a.Conductivity Zones (m/day), 1st layer in Groundwater Flow Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Fig.80b.Conductivity Zones (m/day), 2nd layer in Groundwater Flow Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Fig.81.Groundwater Recharge (mm/yr) distribution in Groundwater Flow Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore Fig.82.Pumping Centers & Rate of Groundwater pumping (m3/day) in Groundwater Flow Model of Watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Fig.83.Constant Head Conditions in Groundwater Flow Model of Watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore Fig.84a.Computed Groundwater level m (amsl) & Velocity in the Groundwater Flow Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Fig.84b.Computed vs. Observed Groundwater head in Groundwater Flow Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Fig.85.Source TDS concentration (mg/l) in the Mass Transport Model of Watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka Fig.86a.Computed TDS Concentration (mg/l) plumes in the Mass Transport of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore after First Year Fig.86b.Computed TDS Concentration (mg/l) plumes in the Mass Transport of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore after 2 Years Fig.86c.Computed TDS Concentration (mg/l) plumes in the Mass Transport of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 5 Years

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Fig.86d.Computed TDS Concentration (mg/l) plumes in the Mass Transport of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 10 Years Fig.86e.Computed TDS Concentration (mg/l) plumes in the Mass Transport of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 20 Years Fig.86f.Computed TDS Concentration (mg/l) plumes in the Mass Transport of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 30 Years Fig.86g.Computed TDS Concentration (mg/l) plumes in the Mass Transport of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 40 Years Fig.86h.Computed TDS Concentration (mg/l) plumes in the Mass Transport of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 50 Years Fig.87a.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Row-20 in the Mass Transport Model of Watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, after One Year Fig.87b.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Row-20 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 2 Years Fig.87c.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Row-20 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 5 Years Fig.87d.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Row-20 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, after 10 Years Fig.87e.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Row-20 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, after 20 Years Fig.87f.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Row-21 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, after 30 Years Fig.87g.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Row-20 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, after 40 Years Fig.87h.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Row-20 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, after 50 Years Fig.88a.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Column-19 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After One Year Fig.88b.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Column-19 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 2 Years

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Fig.88c.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Column-19 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 5 Years Fig.88d.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Column-19 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 10 Years Fig.88e.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Column-19 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 20 Years Fig.88f.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Column-19 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 30 Years Fig.88g.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Column-19 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 40 Years Fig.89h.Computed Vertical TDS Concentration (mg/l) plume along Column-19 in the Mass Transport Model of watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, After 50 Years

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Acknowledgement

At the outset, we would like to express our gratitude to Dr. V.M. Tiwari, Director,

CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad for the encouragement and guidance provided during the project

work. We wish to place on record our sincere thanks to the Chairman and Member

Secretary, Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB), Bangalore for entrusting the

Assessment of groundwater conditions and water quality around Peenya Industrial

Development Areas Phase I & Phase II in Bangalore to NGRI and singing a MoU between

KSPCB, Bangalore and CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad. Discussions held with Shri S.

Nandakumar, Ex-CEO, and Mr. B.N. Rameshkumar, CEO, KSPCB are illuminating. We also

thanks to Mr. N. Niranjan, CEO, and Mr. M.S. Anand, Environmental Officer, Peenya

Regional Office for their help and support rendered during the field investigation and

providing the water and soil quality database of the Peenya Industrial Area. We also thanks

to Mr. Manjunath, Technical Assistant and Mr. Puttaraju, Field Assistant for their effortless

services provided during the field investigations.

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Assessment of groundwater conditions and water quality around Peenya Industrial Development Areas Phase I & Phase II in Bangalore

Executive Summary

Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB), Bangalore requested CSIR-NGRI

to carry out groundwater study in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore for assessment of

groundwater conditions and water quality around the Peenya Industrial Area Phase I and

Phase II in Bangalore and generation of base line hydrogeological data. NGRI had selected

a network of 46 observation wells for groundwater monitoring during July 2016 and 49

observation well during January 2017 and August 2017 for ascertaining the groundwater

flow direction in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka.

Depth to groundwater in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area varied from 0m to

49.95 m (bgl) during the monitoring period July 2016. Shallow groundwater condition was

observed at Rajagopala Nagar near Duggalamma Temple and deepest groundwater

condition was observed at Andrahalli village. During the period of January 2017 the

minimum groundwater level 0.20m (bgl) was observed at Rajagopala Nagar near

Duggalamma Temple and maximum groundwater level of 56.15m (bgl) was observed at

Andrahalli village. Similarly, monitoring was carried out in August 2017 and the same

groundwater conditions was observed. The general trend of groundwater flow direction is

from central part of the study area (Industrial Area) towards north-western and south-eastern

direction.

Water quality monitoring had been carried out at 65 and 71 borewells in the

watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons

respectively. High Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration were ranges from 570 – 3200

mg/l during pre-monsoon and 330 – 6600 mg/l during post-monsoon season respectively.

High TDS contaminant plumes were identified in the industrial areas. Elevated concentration

of chloride and Sodium were also observed in the industrial areas, besides these elevated

nitrate concentrations were also observed in the industrial area. Few samples from the

industrial were also reported high Fluoride concentration than the permissible limit. Besides

these heavy metals concentration like Al, Co, Total Cr, Cr+6, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb were also

reported in the industrial area during the pre and post-monsoon seasons. It was observed

that the concentration of these heavy metals was lesser in the post-monsoon season than

pre-monsoon season due to the rainfall recharge or dilution. There was no threat to the

public water supply wells or irrigation wells outside the industrial area. Similarly, soil

KSPCB/NGRI xviii

analyses data provided by KSPCB also reported high concentration of Iron and Chromium in

the soil of industrial area.

The aquifer characteristics were estimated on 11 bore well through pumping tests.

Transmissivity was found to be ranges from 2.90x100 to 5.60x101 m2/day and hydraulic

conductivity was found varying from 1.45x10-1 to 2.80x100 m/day in the industrial area and

also in the outside. The in situ infiltration rates estimated in the industrial area indicated

high values, which is favourable for good groundwater recharge. Thus any surface water

contamination from the top surface enters the groundwater regime, it may migrate fast in

groundwater with groundwater velocity through advection and mixing through dispersion

mechanism. The hydraulic gradient is controlled by pumping within the industrial area as

well as pumping by irrigation wells outside.

The resistivity investigations employing Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT)

indicate that the groundwater regime in the granitic rocks occurs in weathered and semi-

weathered conditions. The thickness of weathered and fracture zone occurring just below

the top soil cover is generally varying from 10 – 35 m (bgl) in the industrial Area. The high

infiltration rates reported from the industrial area on granitic indicate that the area is

vulnerable for groundwater contamination from liquid waste disposal from industries. There

is no groundwater contamination outside the industrial area.

The groundwater flow and mass transport models were constructed using the above

hydrogeological and water quality data base. The groundwater flow model was calibrated

for groundwater conditions of January 2017. The computed groundwater velocity from the

groundwater flow model was about 50 m/yr. Simulated four identified contaminant plumes

with varying concentrations in the mass transport model. The contaminant migration was

calibrated for 20 year period during January 2017 and prediction of contaminant plume

migration for next 30 years was made in the mass transport model. The mass transport

model predictions indicate that the contaminant migration from four contaminant sources is

limited to the western boundary of the industrial area. Remedial measures suggested

include that no liquid waste disposal may be allowed within the industrial area as in situ

infiltration rates of top granitic is high. The industrial area is vulnerable for fast contaminant

migration based on large thickness of high permeability of weathered and semi-weathered

formations. Industrial Area should have a Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) outside

the industrial area and all industries should send their partially treated effluents for treatment

in the CETP. Besides this chromium remediation measures for water and soil are

suggested.

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Assessment of groundwater conditions and water quality around Peenya Industrial Development Areas Phase I

& Phase II in Bangalore

1.0 Introduction

Peenya Industrial Area (PIA), Bangalore, India is considered to be one of the

oldest and largest industrial areas in south-east Asia. Peenya industrial estate was

established in late 1970s by the Karnataka Small Industries Development

Corporation as Stage I, II and III. Later on Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board

developed Phase I, II, III and recently Phase IV. The total extent of the industrial area is

about 40 sq. km. The industries, which are significant from water pollution point of

view are engineering with surface treatment, formulation, drugs, pesticides, garment

Washing and textiles. In addition, effluents from industries in the unorganized sectors

located around the industrial area and domestic sewage are also major sources of

pollution.

A study carried out by the Mines and Geology Department, Karnataka, India (Mines

& Geology, 2011), the bore wells adjacent to Peenya industrial area have found heavy

metals, including zinc, copper, lead, manganese, chromium and aluminum and major ions

including such as nitrates, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, total dissolved solids,

sulphates and fluorides beyond permissible limits. The data available on groundwater

contamination in Peenya is limited, vague and not comprehensive. Hence, an attempt

was made to study the groundwater quality assessment of the entire Peenya

industrial area and its surrounding to identify the contaminated bore wells which are

beyond permissible limits for drinking water and also the parameters which are

significant contributor for pollution in the area. Depending on the type and extent of

contamination remedial approaches can be evolved.

A research project entitled ‘Assessment of groundwater conditions and water quality

around the Peenya Industrial Development Areas Phase I & Phase II in Bangalore has been

entrusted to CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR-NGRI), Hyderabad with

the following scope and objectives:

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• Compilation of historical data from KSPCB and from Mines and Geology Department, Karnataka.

• Detailed well-inventory in watersheds covering Peenya IDAs, selection of observation wells and identification of hydrogeological features that control groundwater movement and storage.

• Enumeration of Lakes, streams and surface water quality particularly during monsoons season.

• Preparation of a groundwater level contour maps. • Delineation of subsurface layers and their hydrogeological characteristics. • Assessment of groundwater potential as well as contaminated zones/areas. • Identification of low permeability formations for solid waste disposal. • Detailed water quality analyses for trace elements and major ions. • Periodic monitoring of water level and water quality in selected observation wells for one

hydrologic cycles. • Evaluation of aquifer parameters. • Assessment of groundwater contamination if any, suggestion of remedial measures to

contain the groundwater contamination, if noticed.

NGRI has carried out detailed well inventory in and around Peenya Industrial Area for

identification of observation wells for monitoring water level and groundwater sample

collection. NGRI team visited during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon to collect the

groundwater/surface water samples at selected 65 and 71 locations for analyses of major

ion and heavy metals in the groundwater/surface and monitored water level at 46 locations.

Similarly, geophysical investigation was also carried out to decipher the aquifer geometry in

and around the Peenya Industrial Area and also hydrogeological investigation to estimate

aquifer parameters and in-situ soil infiltration rate. Based on hydrological investigation a

conceptual model has been designed to assess the groundwater contamination migration

from the Peenya industrial area. The details of investigation are discussed in the report.

2.0 Study area

Bangalore city lies between Latitude 12° 58' N and Long 77° 35' E covering over an

area of approximately 400 sq.km. The study area taken, that is Peenya Industrial area, is

covered in part of the Survey of India Topo Sheet Nos. 57 G/12 and 57 G/8 (Fig. 1a).

The industrial area covering about 40 sq.km lies to the Northern part of Bangalore city and

houses more than 2100 industries dominated by chemical, leather, pharmaceutical,

plating, polymer and allied industries. This industrial area was established in late 1970s.

The Peenya industrial area is located on the north-western suburbs of Bangalore city lies

between latitude 130 1’ 42"N and longitude 770 30’ 45" E. The industrial area/estate is

surrounded by residential and private heterogeneous industrial activity. There is no buffer

zone existing between designated Peenya Industrial Area/estate and surrounding area.

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Karnataka Small Industrial Development Corporation and Karnataka Industrial Area

Development Board divided the Peenya industrial area into different stages and phases.

The Peenya Industrial area is divided into three stages and four Phases viz., Stage I, Stage

II & Stage III and Phase I, Phase II, Phase III and Phase IV (Fig. 1b). Average recorded

rainfall for Bangalore city in the last 20 years has been 1055.45 mm. The industrial area in

general is witnessed by a red sandy soil. The soil cover extends upto 1 to 2 meters below

the ground level. It is porous, non sticky and non-clayey. The industrial area is located on a

highly undulating terrain. The highly undulating topography with sub-dendritic nature has

given rise to the origin of many micro watersheds with varying hydrological

characters.

2.1 Topography

Topography of Bangalore is a ridge trending NNW–SSE. The Western part of the

area is characterized by a dissected topography with ridges and valleys exposing hard

rock, due to occurrence of rapid head-ward erosion of the Arkavathi River and its tributaries.

The eastern part of the city is a level plain. The western part of the drainage of this ridge

flows and joins the Arkavathi while the Eastern plains drain towards the South Pinakini.

The highest point in the city is 924 m above Mean Sea Level (amsl) near Triveni

Engineering Works (Peenya Industrial Area) and the lowest around 800 m (amsl) near

Jevarana Doddi.

2.2 Climate

The mean annual rainfall of Bangalore City is 859.6 mm recorded during 2014-

2015 and 2015-2016. Most of it is received during the southwest monsoon between June

and September and during northwest monsoon. Statistically, September is the wettest and

January is driest month of the year. Air temperature varies between a minimum of 14°C

and maximum of 34°C. The lowest temperature ever re corded was 7.8°C and the highest

38.9°C. April is the hottest month of the year whil e December to January marks the coldest

period. The lowest relative humidity of 30% is noticed during the month of March and the

highest between June and October, reaching up to 85%.

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3.0 Geology of the Area

The area forming a part of Peninsular Gneissic Complex represented by mafic

gneiss, biotite gneiss, granodioritic gneiss with intrusives like dyke and pegmatites. The

Geological Survey of India identified this gneissic rock of more than 2.5 billion years.

Gneisses and granites are intruded by pegmatite, quartz veins and by basic dykes. Dolerite

dykes trending east-west direction across the gneissic foliation are common. These dykes

vary from 6 to 20 m in width and stretches 1 to 3 km in length (Mines & Geology 2011). The

geological map of the Peenya Industrial Area watershed shown (Fig. 1c).

4.0 Hydrology of the Area

The area comprises of crystalline basement, mainly gneisses and granites intruded

by basic dykes. The weathered mantle shall be the zone to transmit water through fractures.

The depth of weathering is often pronounced along the linear features. The weathered zone

and the underlying sparsely fractured fresh rock form the aquifer system in the area. The

recharge to the system will be through the shallow weathered zone into deeper fractured

rock.

The water level measurements were carried out in the existing 46 and 49 bore wells

located in and around Peenya Industrial Area during pre-monsoon, post-monsoon and

monsoon period (Fig. 2a & 2b) respectively. The depth to groundwater ranges between 0 m

(P34) to 49.95 m (P39) (bgl) during pre-monsoon of July 2016 (Table 1). The minimum

groundwater level of 0m (bgl) was observed at Rajagopala Nagar near Duggalamma

Temple. The bore well was in artesian condition. The maximum 49.95m (bgl) was observed

at Andrahalli village near Shiva Shakti Nilaya infront of Smt. Mohana Sri Bhaskar Raju house

(Fig. 3a). The variation of groundwater level for pre-monsoon period was shown in (Fig. 3a).

Similarly, water level monitoring was carried out 49 bore well location in and around Peenya

Industrial Area during post-monsoon of January 2017 (Table 2). The minimum groundwater

level 0.20m (bgl) (P34) was observed at Rajagopala Nagar near Duggalamma Temple and

maximum groundwater level of 56.15m (bgl) (P39) was observed at Andrahalli village near

Shiva Shakti Nilaya of Smt. Mohana Sri Bhaskar Raju house (Fig. 3b). Water level

monitoring was also carried out in the observation bore well location in and around Peenya

Industrial Area during monsoon of August 2017 (Table 3). The minimum groundwater level

0.20m (bgl) (P34) was observed at Rajagopala Nagar near Duggalamma Temple and

maximum groundwater level of 58.97m (bgl) (P39) was observed at Andrahalli village near

Shiva Shakti Nilaya of Smt. Mohana Sri Bhaskar Raju house (Fig. 3c).

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All these wells were connected to mean sea level during January 2017. The

groundwater level contours were ascertained from topographic elevation and depth to

groundwater measurements in watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area. Topographic

elevation with respect to mean sea level at the observation wells in the watershed indicate

that topography is undulating. The maximum elevation reported was 932.833m (amsl) and

minimum elevation was 847.81m (amsl) (Fig. 4a). The groundwater levels are found varying

from 853.89 m (amsl) at the Obs. Well No. P40 at Herohalli village and 920.958 m (amsl) at

Obs. Well NO. P42 at Srigandha Nagar during July 2016 period (Fig. 4b). Similarly,

groundwater level found to varying from 847.81 m (amsl) at Obs. Well No. P40 at Herohalli

village and 921.508 m (amsl) at Obs. Well No. P42 at Srigandha Nagar during January 2017

period (Fig. 4c). Similarly, groundwater level found to varying from 845.58 m (amsl) at Obs.

Well No. P40 at Herohalli village and 919.848 m (amsl) at Obs. Well No. P42 at Srigandha

Nagar during August 2017 period (Fig. 4d). The general trend of groundwater flow direction

is from central part of the study area (Industrial Area) towards northwestern and

southeastern direction.

5.0 Groundwater Quality

Groundwater quality analyses have been carried out at 65 and 71 locations including

two surface water samples during Pre-monsoon (July 2016) and Post-monsoon (January

2017) period respectively (Table 4 and Fig. 5a & Fig. 5b). The spatial variation of

groundwater quality with regard to major ion concentration during pre-monsoon and post-

monsoon season has been analyzed. The water quality was determined for major ions

including pH, TDS and Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, CO3

− and Cl− by volumetric method and Na+ and

K+ by flame photometer and F- by ion electrode, NO3- as NO3

- by double beam spectro-

photometer, SO42- by a turbidity meter, pH by a pH meter and conductivity by conductivity

meter (Table 5 & 6). High TDS concentration was found in some of the samples collected in

Peenya Industrial Area, while rest part of the area shows potable nature of drinking water

was ascertained for most of the groundwater sample by comparing the water quality of

various determined parameters with respect to World Health Organization (WHO, 1984) and

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 1991). Besides this heavy metal analyses were also

carried out with special reference to hexavalent chromium.

5.1 pH

The pH is an important variable in water quality assessments as it influences many

biological and chemical processes within a water body and all processes associated with

water supply and treatment. When measuring the effects of an effluent discharge, it can be

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used to help determine the extent of the effluent plume in the water body. At a given

temperature, pH (hydrogen ion activity) indicates the intensity of the acidic or basic character

of a solution and is controlled by the dissolved chemical compounds and biochemical

processes. In unpolluted waters, pH is principally controlled by the balance between the

carbon dioxide, carbonate and bicarbonate ions as well as other natural compounds such as

humic and fluvic acids. The natural acid-base balance of a water body can be affected by

industrial effluents and atmospheric deposition of acid forming substances.

The pH value of groundwater is varying from 6.35 in the Obs well No. P45 at Public

Well Vidya Nagar Behind Vijaya Bank Dasarhalli 3rd Cross to a maximum of 8.03 in the Obs

well No. P5 in the Inside Alufit India Pvt Ltd, Stage -I during Pre-monsoon season (Fig. 6a &

Table 5). Similarly, pH value of groundwater is varying from 4.2 in the Obs. Well No. P14 at

Unitex Apparels Pvt. Ltd., Phase-III and maximum of 9.3 in the Obs. Well No. P44 at

Dasarhalli Lake sample during post-monsoon season (Fig. 6b & Table 6). The reported low

pH values of groundwater may be attributed to local liquid waste water disposal practices

around the observation wells.

5.2 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

TDS concentration in groundwater reported varying from the lowest of 570 mg/l in

Obs wells No. P7 in the Replica Xerography Pvt Ltd to highest concentration of 3200 mg/l

in the Obs well No. P14 of Unitex Apparels Pvt Ltd Unit-3 Phase-III during July 2016 (pre

monsoon) (Fig. 7a & Table 5). Similarly, TDS concentration in groundwater reported to vary

from 330 mg/l at Obs. Well No. P60 at Srigandha Nagar and 6600 mg/l at Obs. Well No. P13

at Unitex Apparels Pvt. Ltd., Phase-III during January 2017 (post-monsoon) season

respectively (Fig. 7b & Table 6).

5.3 Sodium

Sodium (Na) was found in all natural waters, since the salts are highly soluble in

water and it is one of the most abundant elements on earth’s crust. BIS (1991) guide limit for

Sodium in drinking water is 200 mg/l. Many surface waters, including those receiving

wastewaters, have levels well below 50 mg/l. However, groundwater concentrations

frequently exceed 50 mg/l. Sodium concentration in groundwater varied from 50.30 mg/l in

the Obs well No. P46 Rajagopal Nagar Police Station Near Shani Temple to highest

concentration of 217 mg/l at obs well No. P23 at Alutop Industry Stage-III during pre-

monsoon period (Fig. 8a & Table 5). While during post-monsoon season sodium

concentration varying from 40.4 mg/l at obs well No. P1 at Southern Electronics, Phase-I

and 368 mg/l at Obs well No. P13 at Unitex Apparels Pvt. Ltd., Phase-III (Fig. 8b & Table 6).

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5.4 Potassium

Potassium (K+) is found in low concentration in natural waters since rocks which

contain potassium are relatively resistant to weathering. However, potassium salts are

widely used in industry and in fertilizers for agriculture and enter freshwaters with industrial

discharges and runoff from agricultural land. Potassium concentrations found in natural

waters are usually less than 10 mg/l. WHO (1984) guide line limit for Potassium in drinking

water is 12 mg/l. Potassium concentration in groundwater has been found varying from

1.40 - 40.30 mg/l during pre-monsoon period (Table 5). The minimum of 1.40 mg/l was

found at obs well No. P32 at Bio-phamma Drugs & Pharmaceutical Pvt Ltd phase-IV and

maximum of 40.30 mg/l was found at obs well No. P41 at Wipro Infrastructure Engineering

ETP Outlet (Fig. 9a). During post-monsoon season the potassium concentration varies from

1 mg/l at Obs well No. P32 at Bio-Pharma Drugs & Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd. Phase-IV and

maximum of 42.5 mg/l at Obs well No. P41 at Wipro Infrastructure Engineering ETP Outlet

(Fig. 9b & Table 6).

5.5 Calcium

Calcium is present in all waters as Ca2+ and is readily dissolved from rocks rich in

Calcium minerals, particularly as carbonates, Sulphate, especially limestone and gypsum.

The elemental cation is abundant in surface and groundwater. The salts of calcium, together

with those of magnesium are responsible for the hardness of water. Industrial water and

wastewater treatment, processes also contribute calcium to surface waters. Acidic rainwater

can increase the leaching of calcium from soils. Calcium concentrations in natural waters are

typically less than 15 mg/l. For waters associated with carbonate rich rocks, levels may

reach 30-100 mg/l. The maximum permissible limit of Calcium in drinking water was 200

mg/l (BIS, 1991). The calcium concentration in groundwater has been found varying from

49.70 - 561 mg/l during pre-monsoon period (July 2016). The minimum concentration of

49.70 mg/l was observed at obs well No. P32 at Bio-Pharma Drugs & Pharmaceutical Pvt

Ltd phase-IV and maximum concentration of 561 mg/l was observed at Obs well No. P14 at

Unitex Apparels Pvt Ltd Unit-3 Phase-III (Table 5). During post-monsoon season the

calcium concentration ranges from 21.24 mg/l to 1583 mg/l at Obs. Well P60 at Srigandha

Nagar and Obs. Well No.P17 at Tube Style Integrated System, Phase-II (Table 6). The

variation of calcium concentration in watershed for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season

was shown in Fig. 10a & Fig. 10b.

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5.6 Magnesium

Magnesium is common in natural waters as Mg2+ and along with calcium, is a main

contributor to water hardness. Magnesium arises principally from the weathering of rocks

containing Ferro-magnesium minerals and from some carbonate rocks. Magnesium occurs

in many organo metallic compounds and in organic matter, since it is an essential element

for living organisms. Natural levels of magnesium in freshwater may range from 1 to 100

mg/l, depending on the rock types within the catchment area. The maximum permissible limit

of Magnesium in drinking water was 100 mg/l (BIS, 1991). The magnesium concentration in

groundwater was varying from 3.59 - 315.24 mg/l during pre-monsoon period (Fig. 11a &

Table 5). During post-monsoon the magnesium concentration ranges from 1.31 mg/l at

Obs. Well P60 at Srigandha Nagar to 1092.94 mg/l at Obs. Well P13 at Unitex Apparels Pvt.

Ltd., Phase-III. The variation of magnesium concentration for post-monsoon was shown in

Fig. 11b & Table 6.

5.7 Sulphate

Sulphate is naturally present in surface waters as SO42-. It arises from the

atmospheric deposition of oceanic aerosols and the leaching of sulphur compounds, either

Sulphate minerals such as gypsum or Sulphate minerals such as pyrite, from sedimentary

rocks. It is the stable, oxidized form of sulphur and is readily soluble in water (with the

exception of lead, barium and strontium sulphates which precipitate). Industrial discharges

and atmospheric precipitation can also add significant amount of sulphate to surface water.

Sulphate can be used as an oxygen source by bacteria which convert it to hydrogen

sulphide (H2S, HS-) under anaerobic conditions. Sulphate concentrations in natural waters

are usually between 2 and 80 mg/l, although levels may exceed 1000 mg/l near industrial

discharges or in arid regions where sulphate minerals (e.g. gypsum) are present. High levels

of sulphate (>400 mg/l) may make water unpleasant to drink (BIS, 1991).

The sulphate concentration in groundwater varied from 1.59 - 495 mg/l during pre-

monsoon period (July 2016) (Table 5). The lowest sulphate concentration of 1.59 mg/l was

reported at obs well No. P55 at Infront of Govt Primary School Karihobana Halli and the

highest sulphate concentration of 495 mg/l was reported at obs well No. P14 at Unitex

Apparels Pvt Ltd Unit-3 Phase-III. The variation of sulphate concentration in watershed was

shown in Fig. 12a. While during post-monsoon the sulphate concentration varies from

14.059 mg/l at Obs. Well No. P60 at Srigandha Nagar to 190.65 mg/l at Obs well No. P36 at

Kongovi Electronics Pvt. Ltd., ETP Outlet samples (Fig. 12b & Table 6).

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5.8 Nitrate as Nitrate

Natural sources of nitrate to surface water include igneous rocks, land drainage and

plant and animal debris. Natural levels which seldom exceed 0.1 mg/l NO3-NO3, may be

enhanced by municipal and industrial wastewaters, including leachate from waste disposal

sites and sanitary landfills. In rural and suburban areas, the use of inorganic nitrate fertilizers

can be a significant source. The maximum permissible limit of Nitrate as nitrate in drinking

water was 100 mg/l (BIS, 1991). The nitrate as nitrate concentration in groundwater was

found ranging from 21 - 461 mg/l during pre-monsoon (Table 5). The minimum Nitrate

concentration of 21 mg/l was observed at Obs well No. P10 at Karnataka Antibiotics &

Pharmaceutical Pvt Ltd and maximum concentration of 461 mg/l at obs well No. P14 at

Unitex Apparels Pvt Ltd Unit-3 Phase-III (Fig. 13a). Similarly, in post-monsoon period the

minimum nitrate concentration was 1.01 mg/l at Obs. Well No. P45 at Public well at Vidya

Nagar, Dasarhalli and maximum of 121.76 at Obs. Well No. P12 at Sona Engineering &

Fabrication, Phase-II (Fig. 13b & Table 6).

5.9 Chloride

Most chlorine occurs as chloride (Cl-) in water. Higher concentrations can occur near

sewage and other waste outlets, irrigation drains, saltwater intrusions, in arid areas and in

wet coastal areas. As chloride is frequently associated with sewage, it is often incorporated

in the assessments as indication of possible faecal contamination or as a measure of the

extent of the dispersion of sewage discharge in water bodies. The maximum permissible

limit of Chloride in drinking water was 1000 mg/l (BIS, 1991). The Chloride concentration in

groundwater was varying from 58.14 - 984.09 mg/l during pre-monsoon (Table 5). The

minimum chloride concentration of 58.14 mg/l was observed at Obs Well No. P7 at Replica

Xerography Pvt Ltd and maximum concentration of 984.09 mg/l at obs well No. P61 Opp

Lords Metal Finishers 8A Survey No.112/3 Khatta No.624 12thCross Doddanna Industrial

Estate (Fig. 14a). Similarly, during post-monsoon the minimum chloride concentration of

24.25 mg/I was observed at Obs Well No. P21 at Sidhartha Colny Near as Surface Finishers

Hand Chrome Plating and maximum of 3251 at Obs Well No. P13 at Unitex Apparels Pvt Ltd

Unit-3 Phase-III (Fig. 14b and Table 6).

5.10 Fluoride

The fluoride concentration in groundwater was ranging from 0.41 to 1.99 mg/l during

pre-monsoon (July 2016) (Table 5). The minimum concentration of Fluoride was 0.41 mg/l in

groundwater was observed at obs well No. P24 at Sri Nitya packaging company stage-II and

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maximum fluoride concentration of 1.99 mg/l was observed at obs well No. P7 at Replica

Xerography Pvt Ltd. The maximum permissible limit of Fluoride in drinking water was 1.5

mg/l (BIS, 1991). The variation of fluoride concentration was shown in Fig. 15a. Similarly,

during post-monsoon the minimum concentration of Fluoride was 0.21 mg/l at Obs. Well No.

P6 at Karnataka Bank, Phase-I and maximum of 2.36 mg/l at Obs. Well No. P15 at Nisarga

Enterprises, Phase-III (Fig. 15b & Table 6).

5.11 Bicarbonates

The presence of carbonates (CO3) and bicarbonates (HCO3-) influences the

hardness and alkalinity of water. The inorganic carbon component (CO2) arises from the

atmosphere and biological respiration. The weathering of rocks contributes carbonate and

bicarbonate salts. The relative amounts of carbonates, bicarbonates and carbonic acid in

pure water are related to the pH. Bicarbonate is the dominant anion in most surface waters.

Carbonate is uncommon in natural surface waters because they rarely exceed pH 9,

whereas groundwater can be more alkaline and may have concentrations of carbonate up to

10 mg/l. The maximum permissible limit of Bicarbonate in drinking water was 600 mg/l (BIS,

1991). The concentration of bicarbonates in groundwater has been found varying from

53.68 - 536.80 mg/l during pre-monsoon (July 2016) (Table 5). The minimum concentration

of 53.68 mg/l was observed at obs well No. P61 at Opp Lords Metal Finishers 8A Survey

No.112/3 Khatta No.624 12th Cross Doddanna Industrial Estate and maximum concentration

of 536.80 mg/l was observed at obs well No. P31 at Spectronics Plating Pvt Ltd Stage-II.

During post-monsoon season the bicarbonates concentration varying from 35.4 – 425.8

mg/l. The minimum concentration of 35.4 mg/l was found in the Obs. Well No. P36 at

Knogovi Electronics Pvt. Ltd., ETP Outlet sample, while maximum concentration of 425.8

mg/l was found in the surface water sample collected at Sidhartha Colony (P21) near

Surface Finishers Hard Chrome Plating (Table 6). The variation of bicarbonate in the

watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area for pre and post-monsoon season was shown in

Fig. 16a & Fig. 16b.

6.0 Heavy metals

Heavy metal analyses like Al, As, Ag, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cr+6, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni,

Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sr, Te and Zn etc., were analyzed for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon

samples (Table 7 & Table 8). The results of some of the trace elements like Ba, Be, Cd, Co,

Cr, Cr+6, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn were discussed below.

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6.1 Barium

The Barium concentration during pre-monsoon (July 2016) were ranges from 15.24 –

545.2 µg/l with average value of 103.31 µg/l. The maximum concentrations of 545.2 µg/l

were found in the Obs. Well No. P14 at Unitex Apparels Pvt. Ltd., Phase-III and minimum

concentration of 15.24 µg/l was found in the Obs. Well No. P47 at Rajagopala Nagar (Fig.

17a & Table 7). During post-monsoon (January 2017) the barium concentration were ranges

from 8.54 – 551.81 6 µg/l with average value of 87.26 µg/l (Fig. 17b & Table 8). The

maximum concentration was found in surface water sample No. P21 at Sidharatha Colony,

near Surface Finishers Hand Chrome Plating, while minimum concentration was found in the

Obs. Well No. P39 at ShreeShiva Shakti Shekar Industries, Phase-IV. The plumes are only

indicative of extrapolation feature rather than pollution impact.

6.2 Beryllium

Beryllium concentrations during pre-monsoon were ranges from 0.166 – 10.47 µg/l

with average value of 0.68 µg/l (Table 7). The minimum concentration was found in the Obs.

Well No. P11 at M/s. G.V. Enterprises, Stage-I and maximum was found in the Obs. Well

No. P36 at Kongavi Electronics Pvt. Ltd., ETP outlet sample. During post-monsoon season

the Beryllium concentration were ranges from 0 – 1.05 µg/l with average concentration value

of 0.332 µg/l (Tables 8). No elevated concentrations of beryllium were found in the water.

The variation of Beryllium concentration for pre and post-monsoon season shown in Fig. 18a

and Fig. 18b respectively.

6.3 Cadmium

The Cadmium concentration during pre-monsoon were ranges from 0.037 – 4.49 µg/l

with average value of 0.30 µg/l (Fig. 19a & Table 7), while during post-monsoon the

concentration were ranges from 0 – 7.06 µg/l with average value of 2.1 µg/l (Figs. 19b &

Table 8). The cadmium plumes are located inside the industrial area only.

6.4 Cobalt

During pre-monsoon season the Cobalt concentration were ranges from 0.317-175.4

µg/l with average value of 20.30 µg/l (Fig. 20a & Table 7). The maximum values of 175.4

µg/l were found in the Obs. Well No. P14 at Unitex Apparels Pvt. Ltd., Phase III and

minimum was found in the Obs. Well No. P7 at Replica Xerography Pvt. Ltd. During post-

monsoon season the cobalt concentration were ranges from 0 – 289.419 µg/l with average

value of 12.64 µg/l. Minimum concentration was found in the Obs. Well No. P60 at

12

Srigandha Nagar and maximum was found in the Obs. Well No. P1 at Southern Electronics

(Fig. 20b & Table 8).

6.5 Total Chromium

The total Chromium concentration were ranges from 1.052 – 33960 µg/l with average

value of 2450.22 µg/l during pre-monsoon season. The maximum total chromium

concentration was found in the Obs. Well No. P35 at Kongovi Electronics Pvt. Ltd and

minimum concentration was found in the Obs. Well No. P2 at Triveni Turbines (Fig. 21a &

Table 7). During post the total chromium concentration ranges from 0 – 15012.15 µg/l with

average value of 1636.54 µg/l. Maximum concentration during the post-monsoon was found

in the Obs. Well No. P7 at Replica Xerography Pvt. Ltd., and minimum concentration was

found in the Obs. Well No. P54 & P60 at Thigalarapallya and at Srigandha Nagar (Fig. 21b &

Table 8). Elevated total chromium concentration was found in the Peenya Industrial Area

only, while in other part the concentration was normal.

6.6 Hexavalent Chromium

The hexavalent Chromium concentration were ranges from 0 – 75.02 µg/l with

average value of 6.344 µg/l during pre-monsoon season. The maximum total hexavalent

chromium concentration was found in the Obs. Well No. P35 at Kongovi Electronics Pvt. Ltd

and minimum concentration was found in the Obs. Well No. P40 & P49 at Wipro

Infrastructure Engineering, Phase-I and Nandini Payout (Fig. 22a & Table 7). During the

post-monsoon season the concentration chromium ranges from 0 -14349 µg/l with average

value of 1549.01 µg/l. The minimum concentration was found in the Obs. Well No. 40 & 71

at Wipro Infrastructure Engineering and maximum concentration was found in Obs. Well No.

P7 at Replica Xerography Pvt. Ltd. (Fig. 22b & Table 8).

6.7 Copper

The copper concentration in groundwater ranged from 0.538 - 114 µg/l with average

value of 12.83 µg/l during pre-monsoon season. The maximum copper concentration was

found in Obs. Well No. p14 at Unitex Apparels Pvt. Ltd., Phase-III and minimum was found

in Obs. Well No. P1 at Southern Electronics, Phase-I (Fig. 23a & Table 7). Whereas, it was

varied from 0 – 6634 µg/l with average value of 133.76 µg/l during post monsoon. The

minimum copper concentration was found in the Obs. Well No. P23 at Alutop Industry,

Stage-III and maximum concentration was found in the Obs. Well No. P4 at Vidya Soudha

Publich School, Phase-I (Fig. 23b & Table 8).

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6.8 Iron

Iron concentration during pre-monsoon season was varying from 125.9 – 5653 µg/l

with average value of 421.77 µg/l. The maximum concentration was found in the Obs. Well

No. P7 at Replica Xerography and minimum concentration was found in the Obs. Well No.

P14 at Unitex Apparels Pvt. Ltd., (Fig. 24a & Table 7). Whereas, it is ranged from 0 –

6634.03 µg/l with average value of 133.76 µg/l during post monsoon. The maximum

concentration was found in the Obs. Well in P14 at Unitex Apparls Pvt. Ltd., and minimum

concentration was found in P23 at Alutop Industry, Stage-III (Fig. 24b & Table 8).

6.9 Manganese

The Manganese concentration was found ranging from 7.933 – 8601 µg/l with

average value of 356.4 µg/l during pre-monsoon (July 2016). The maximum concentration

of 8601 µg/l was found in the Obs. Well No. P14 at Unitex Apparels and minimum was found

in the Obs. Well No. P11 at G.V. Enterprises (Fig. 25a & Table 7). During post-monsoon

(January 2017) the manganese concentration were ranges from 3.10 – 731.52 µg/l with

average value of 79.16 µg/l. The maximum concentration was reported at Obs. Well No. P6

at Karnataka Bank and minimum was reported at Obs. Well No. P26 at Neoairtech India Pvt.

Ltd., Phase-IV (Fig. 25b & Table 8). It was found that the manganese concentration in the

post-monsoon getting diluted compared to pre-monsoon concentration.

6.10 Nickel

The nickel concentration were ranges from 3.513 – 566.7 µg/l with average value of

28.21 µg/l during pre-monsoon season. The maximum nickel concentration was found in the

Obs. Well No. P36 at Kongovi Electronics Pvt. Ltd., ETP outlet sample and minimum

concentration was found in the Obs. Well No. P7 at Replica Xerography Pvt. Ltd (Fig. 26a &

Table 7). During post-monsoon season the concentration nickel ranges from 0 -108.22 µg/l

with average value of 11.65 µg/l. The minimum concentration was found in the Obs. Well

No. P54 & P 60 at Thigalarapallya and Srigandha Nagar. The maximum concentration was

found in the Obs. Well No. P13 at Unitex Apparels Pvt. Ltd (Fig. 26b & Table 8).

6.11 Zinc

Zinc concentrations during pre-monsoon were ranges from 2.791 – 1690 µg/l with

average value of 76.86 µg/l. The minimum concentration was found in the Obs. Well No.

P11 at M/s. G.V. Enterprises, Stage-I and maximum was found in the Obs. Well No. P2 at

Triveni Turbines (Fig. 27a & Table 7). During post-monsoon season the zinc concentration

14

were ranges from 0 – 949.9 µg/l with average concentration value of 69.09 µg/l. The

minimum concentration was found in the Obs. Well No. P55 at Govt. Primary School,

Karihobanahalli and maximum concentration was found in the Obs. Sell No. P47 at

Rajagopala Nagar (Fig. 27b & Table 8).

The water quality analyses were made on 65 and 71 groundwater/surface water

samples during pre-monsoon (July 2016) and during post-monsoon (January 2017) seasons

from the existing bore wells located within Peenya Industrial Area and watershed. The

analyses were focused on major ion and heavy metal chemistry with special reference to

hexavalent chromium. The water quality data indicates that the groundwater at most places

has shown permissible drinking water quality (BIS, 1991). Few groundwater samples

collected during the study period in the Peenya Industrial Area were found to be elevated

concentration of TDS, Chloride, nitrate etc. during both the seasons and also elevated

concentration of heavy metals. All the groundwater/surface water samples collected during

pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons were compared with the drinking water standards

of (BIS, 1991 and WHO 1984). The samples exceeding the desirable limits of drinking water

standards as per (BIS, 1991) for major ion and heavy metals are listed (Table 9a & Table

9b).

7.0 Secondary Data Analyses

Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB), Peenya Regional Office,

Bangalore, Karnataka has provided the groundwater quality data for the month of July 2015

and July 2016 collected from bore well situated in Peenya Industrial Area (Figs. 28a & 28b

and Table 10a and Table 10b). The analyses have been carried out for major ion (Table

10c and Table 10d) and heavy metals (Table 10e & Table 10f). The results are discussed

below:

7.1 pH

The pH values for the period July 2015 ranges from 6.4 to 7.4. The minimum pH

values were found at Kotak Urja and maximum values was found at Peenya Gymkhana

samples. During July 2016 the pH values ranges from 6 to 7.9. The minimum value was

found at Unitex Apparels and maximum was at Bhandari Forgins Pvt. Ltd. The variation of

pH for these period was shown in Figs. 29a & 29b.

15

7.2 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

TDS concentration for the period of July 2015 ranges from 624 mg/l to 3372 mg/l.

The minimum TDS concentration of 624 mg/l was found at Alufit Apparels and maximum

concentration of 3372 mg/l was found at Unitex Apparels. During the period of July 2016 the

TDS concentration ranges from 268 mg/l to 6288 mg/l. The minimum was found at Metal

Storage System and maximum was found at Unitex Apparels. The variation of TDS

concentration for the period of July 2015 and 2016 was in shown in Figs. 30a & 30b.

7.3 Calcium

Calcium concentration for the period of July 2015 ranges from 60 mg/l to 323 mg/l.

The minimum calcium concentration of 60 mg/l was found at Bhandari Forgins and

maximum calcium concentration of 323 mg/l was found at Unitex Apparels. Similarly, during

July 2016 the calcium concentration ranges from 37 mg/l at Metal Storage and 583 mg/l at

Unitex Apparels. The variation of Calcium concentration for the period of July 2015 and

2016 was in shown in Figs. 31a & 31b.

7.4 Magnesium

Magnesium concentration ranges from 40 mg/l to 129 mg/l and 18 mg/l to 342 mg/l

during July 2015 and July 2916 respectively. The minimum concentration of 40 mg/l was

found at Bhandari Forgins and maximum of 129 mg/l was found at Unitex Apparels during

July 2015 period. Similarly, minimum concentration of 18 mg/l was found at Replica

Xerography and maximum of 342 mg/l was found at Unitex Apparels during July 2016

period. The variation of magnesium concentration for the period of July 2015 and 2016 was

in shown in Figs. 32a & 32b.

7.5 Sulphate

Sulphate concentration for the period of July 2015 ranges from 61 mg/l to 332 mg/l.

The minimum sulphate concentration of 61 mg/l was found at Alufit Apparels and maximum

concentration of 332 mg/l was found at KAPL. During the period of July 2016 the sulphate

concentration ranges from 16 mg/l to 318 mg/l. The minimum concentration of 16 mg/l was

found at Replica Xerography and maximum of 318 mg/l was found at Metal Arts. The

variation of Sulphate concentration for the period of July 2015 and 2016 was in shown in

Figs. 33a & 33b.

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7.6 Nitrate

Nitrate concentration for the period of July 2015 ranges from 20.15 mg/l to 203 mg/l.

The minimum calcium concentration of 20.15 mg/l was found at Angelo French Drugs &

Industries and maximum calcium concentration of 203 mg/l was found at Unitex Apparels.

Similarly, during July 2016 the nitrate concentration ranges from 0 mg/l at Spectronics

Plating Pvt Ltd and 167.5 mg/l at Unitex Apparels. The variation of nitrate concentration for

the period of July 2015 and 2016 was in shown in Figs. 34a & 34b.

7.7 Chloride

Chloride concentration ranges from 84 mg/l to 1207 mg/l and 34 mg/l to 2733 mg/l

during July 2015 and July 2916 respectively. The minimum concentration of 84 mg/l was

found at Alufit Industries and maximum of 1207 mg/l was found at Unitex Apparels during

July 2015 period. Similarly, minimum concentration of 34 mg/l was found at Replica

Xerography and maximum of 2733 mg/l was found at Unitex Apparels during July 2016

period. The variation of chloride concentration for the period of July 2015 and 2016 was in

shown in Figs. 35a & 35b.

Similarly, KSPCB, Peenya Regional Office, Bangalore provided the analyses

groundwater data of heavy metals like Cyanide, Copper, Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Lead,

Cadmium, Total Chromium, Hexavalent Chromium and Nickel (Table 10e and Table 10f)

collected from Peenya Industrial Area. It is observed that few groundwater samples from the

Peenya Industrial Area having elevated concentration of Zinc, Iron, Total Chrorium and

Hexavalent Chromium. The variation of Iron, Zinc, Total Chromium and Hexavalent

Chromium was shown in (Figs. 36a, 36b & 37a, 37b & 38a, 38b and Fig. 39) respectively for

the period of July 2015 and July 2016.

8.0 Soil Characteristics

During field investigation 12 soil samples were collected at various depth viz., 1 feet,

3 feet and 5 feet in the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore (Table 11a & Fig. 40). These soil

samples have been analyzed by Karnataka State Pollution Control Board at their Central

Environmental Laboratory for various heavy metals viz., Copper, Manganese, Lead, Zinc,

Nickel, Total Chromium, Cadmium, Iron and Hexavalent Chromium. The analyses result of

soil samples collected at various depth are presents (Table 11b, Table 11c and Table 11d).

The brief discussion of soil characteristics is discussed below.

17

8.1 Copper

The normal threshold value prescribed in soil for copper is 63 mg/kg and copper

normally accumulates in the surface horizons, a phenomenon explained by the

bioaccumulation of the metal and recent anthropogenic sources (Kabata-Pendias 2004). The

minimum copper concentration in soil collected at one feet was 16 mg/kg (S3) and maximum

of 576 mg/kg (S5) with an average of 120 mg/kg. The minimum copper concentration in the

soil collected at three feet was 9 mg/kg (S2) and maximum of 339 mg/kg (S10) with an

average of 80.66 mg/kg. Similarly, minimum copper concentration in the soil collected at five

feet depth was 15 mg/kg (S2) and maximum of 113 mg/kg (S11) with an average of 43.66

mg/kg. The variation of copper concentration at various depths is shown in (Fig. 41a, 41b &

41c).

8.2 Lead

The species of Pb vary considerably with soil type; it is mainly associated with clay

minerals, Mn oxides, Fe and Al hydroxides and organic matter. In some soil types, Pb may

be highly concentrated in Ca carbonate particles or in phosphate concentrations and a

baseline Pb value for surface soil (Gowd et al. 2010). Pb value for surface soil on the global

scale has been estimated to be 25 mg/kg; levels above this suggest an anthropogenic

influence (Kabata-Pendias 2004). The minimum lead concentration in soil collected at one

feet was 26 mg/kg (S3) and maximum of 551 mg/kg (S6) with an average of 127.83 mg/kg.

The minimum lead concentration in the soil collected at three feet was 5 mg/kg (S7) and

maximum of 509 mg/kg (S5) with an average of 68.08 mg/kg. Similarly, minimum lead

concentration in the soil collected at five feet depth was 6 mg/kg (S4) and maximum of 356

mg/kg (S11) with an average of 55.83 mg/kg. The variation of lead concentration at various

depth is shown (Fig. 42a, 42b & 42c).

8.3 Zinc

Zinc belongs to a group of trace metals, which are essential for the growth of

humans, animals and plants and are potentially dangerous for the biosphere when present in

high concentrations. The main sources of pollution are industries and the use of liquid

manure, composted materials and agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides in

agriculture (Gowd et al. 2010). The normal threshold value prescribed in soil is 200 mg/kg.

The zinc concentration in soil collected at one feet ranges from 30 mg/kg (S2) to 368 mg/kg

(S12) with an average of 134.75 mg/kg. The minimum zinc concentration in the soil

collected at three feet was 16 mg/kg (S6) and maximum of 166 mg/kg (S5) with an average

18

of 82.91 mg/kg. Similarly, minimum zinc concentration in the soil collected at five feet depth

was 16 mg/kg (S3) and maximum of 2883 mg/kg (S11) with an average of 279.91 mg/kg.

The variation of zinc concentration at various depth is shown (Fig. 43a, 43b & 43c).

8.4 Nickel

Nickel in soil is usually present in the organically bound form, which under acidic and

neutral conditions increases its mobility and bioavailability (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias

1999). The permeable limit of nickel in soil is 50 mg/kg (CEQG 2002). Nickel content in soils

ranges from minimum of 5 mg/kg (S3) to 188 mg/kg (S7) with an average of 72.25 mg/kg for

the soil sample collected at one feet. Similarly, nickel concentration for the soil collected at

three feet ranges from 9 mg/kg (S2) to 102 mg/kg (S8) with an average concentration of 57.5

mg/kg. Nickel concentration in the soil sample collected at five feet ranges from 9 mg/kg

(S2) to 158 mg/kg (S7) with an average value of 50.83 mg/kg. The variation of nickel is

shown (Fig. 44a, 44b & 44c).

8.5 Total Chromium

Chromium occurs in two valence states as Cr+3 and Cr+6. Chromium mobility is low,

especially under moderately oxidizing and reducing conditions and near-neutral pH values.

Cr+6 adsorption decreases with increasing pH, and Cr+3 adsorption increases with increasing

pH. Cr+6 is toxic to both plants and animals, 5 ppm in soils can be toxic to plant (Turner and

Rust 1971). Cr+3 absorbed increases with increase in pH of soil and strongly retained onto

soil particles, while Cr+6 are weakly absorbed to soils under alkaline to slightly acidic

condition of soil, adsorption of Cr+6 was high in soil with high iron content (Choppala et al.

2010). Cr+6 is present in more stable form in equilibrium with atmospheric oxygen, but in the

presence of soil organic matters, it is reduced to Cr+3 (Choppala et al. 2010). The mobility of

Cr species, as estimated by the retardation factor was higher for Cr+6 than for Cr+3, Cr+3 is

immobile in soil while Cr+6 is toxic and readily transported (Choppala et al. 2010; Scott

1995). The maximum permeable limit of chromium in soil was 50 mg/kg (CEQG 2002).

Chromium concentration in the soil sample collected at one feet ranges from 27 mg/kg (S1)

to 574 mg/kg (S9) with an average value of 138.33 mg/kg. Chromium concentration in the

soil sample collected at three feet ranges from 11 mg/kg (S2) to 122 mg/kg (S8) with an

average value of 60.58 mg/kg. Similarly, chromium concentration in the soil sample

collected at five feet ranges from 7 mg/kg (S7) to 183 mg/kg (S7) with an average value of

60 mg/kg. It is found that the chromium concentration in the soil is more than the

permissible limit. The source of chromium appears to be due to anthropogenic activities in

the study area. The variation of chromium is shown (Fig. 45a, 45b & 45c).

19

8.6 Iron

Iron concentration in the soil sample collected at one feet depth ranges from 7035

mg/kg (S3) to 30434 mg/kg (S9) with an average concentration of 17701.17 mg/kg. Iron

concentration at the soil samples collected at three feet depth ranges from 6255 mg/kg (S2)

to 30160 mg/kg (S4) with an average value of 18525.83 mg/kg. The soil sample collected at

five feet depth the iron concentration ranges from 5874 mg/kg (S2) to 27658 mg/kg (S8) with

an average concentration of 14162.33 mg/kg. The variation of chromium is shown (Fig. 46a,

46b & 46c).

9.0 Geophysical Investigation (Electrical Resistivi ty Tomography)

Electrical Resistivity Topography is the latest technology used to determine the sub-

surface geological features of resistivity in lateral and vertical direction simultaneously. An

ERT system produces a cross-sectional image showing the distribution of electrical

resistivity/conductivity of the formations. This technique employs a multi-electrode

arrangement. In this technique all the electrodes (24 or 48) were spread along a straight line

and are connected with connectors to a cable. One end of the cable is connected to an ERT

imaging system.

The system injects current between a pair of electrodes and measures the resultant

voltage difference between remaining electrode pairs according to a pre-defined

measurement protocol. The electrodes are connected to the data acquisition system by co-

axial cable which assists in reducing the effect of extraneous environmental noise and

interference. The outer sheath of the co-axial cable is coupled to the feedback path of a

voltage buffer to provide further noise immunity and the inner core is coupled to the input of

the voltage buffer. Typically, the electrodes are of stainless steel, brass or silver palladium

alloy. The data must be collected quickly and accurately in order to track small changes of

resistivity/conductivity in real-time allowing the image reconstruction algorithm to provide an

accurate measurement of the true resistivity/conductivity distribution. Current is applied

through two neighboring electrodes (e.g. electrodes 1 and 2). The voltage is measured from

the remaining pairs of neighboring electrodes (e.g. electrodes 3 and 4). Current is then

applied through the next pair of electrodes and the voltage measurements are repeated. The

procedure is repeated until all independent measurements have been completed. In the

ERT system the reconstructed image would contain information on the cross-section

distribution of the electrical conductivity of the medium within the measured plane.

20

Sub-surface conditions in and around the Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore were

assessed through deployment of Electrical Resistivity Tomography imaging system at 28

locations using Wenner-Schlumberger Configuration with inter-electrode spacing of 5 m (Fig.

47 and Table 12). The processing and interpretation of geo-electrical data was performed

using the RES2DINV algorithm, which generates a two-dimensional (2D) resistivity depth

model of the subsurface resistivity distribution. The 2D resistivity model is obtained by using

the standard Gauss-Newton method to the measured data (Loke, 2002). The inversion

procedure iterates to fit with a low RMS error and thus one assumes that the interpreted

resistivity of formations depict a realistic image of the subsurface resistivity.

9.1 ERT Profile No. 1

The ERT profile No. 1 was carried out at Karnataka Pollution Control Board Office

premises, Peenya with E-W orientation using Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 24

electrodes at 2m inter-electrode separation in the granite formation. The resistivity

tomography image indicates occurrence of low resistivity zone on either side of the image

with resistivity of 26.8 to 50.6 Ohm-m, while the centre part shows the hard rocky formation

with resistivity of 188-241 Ohm-m. The image also shows the intermediate range of

resistivity ranges from 69.6 to 132 Ohm-m surrounded by hard boulder formation with

resistivity ranges from 188 to 241 Ohm-m. Below this formation again a low resistivity zone

of 26.8 to 95.7 Ohm-m indicating a weathered formation. ERT profile was compared with

the water sample (P12) of post monsoon period and soil sample (S2) for dilution factor and

toxicity of soil collected in the close vicinity of the profile (Fig. 48).

9.2 ERT Profile No. 2

The ERT Profile No. 2 was laid along E-W orientation at M/s. Anglo& French

Industries, Near ETP treatment plant using 24 electrodes with Wenner-Schlumberger

configuration and inter electrode separation of 5m. The total depth of the ERT profile was

24m. The resistivity tomography image represents a low resistivity zone of 7.51 to 19.2

Ohm-m up to depth of 19m indicating a highly weathered saturated formation, while on right

side a small hard formation was encountered with resistivity ranges from 78-200 Ohm-m

indicating a boulder formation. Below this zone a image represents a weathered granitic

formation with resistivity ranges from 30.6 to 78.2 Ohm-m (Fig. 49).

. This ERT was compared with the water sample (P9) of post monsoon period and soil

sample (S4) collected in the close vicinity of the profile (Fig. 49).

21

9.3 ERT Profile No. 3

The ERT profile No.3 was laid at M/s. Sami Labs. The orientation was E-W with

Wenner-Schlumberger configuration using 24 electrodes and inter-electrode spacing of 5 m.

The total depth of the ERT profile was 24m. ERT image represents a uneven distribution of

resistivity up to a depth of about 7m due to the top surface distribution. At some places the

resistivity shows the hard formation indicating the presence of top hard dump formation and

at some places due to the presence of loose top soil. Below this formation the ERT image

shows the even distribution of resistivity with ranges from 56.4 to 108 Ohm-m indicating the

weathered granitic formation. This ERT was compared with the water sample (P10) of post

monsoon period collected in the close vicinity of the profile (Fig. 50).

9.4 ERT Profile No. 4

The ERT No. 4 was carried out at Peenya gymacana ground with N-S orientation.

The profile was carried out using 24 electrodes with 5m inter-electrode spacing in Wenner-

Schlumberger configuration. The total depth explored was 24 m. The top portion of the

image shows uneven distribution of resistivity with high and low resistivity. The left side of

the image represents a hard formation with resistivity of 50.5 to 72.1 Ohm-m, while the

centre part of the image represents a low resistivity of 6.01 to 12.2 Ohm-m and left side of

the image represents a resistivity of 17.4 to 24.8 Ohm-m. Below this zone the image

represents a even distribution of resistivity ranges from 35.4 to 72.1 Ohm-m indicating the

weathered granitic formation throughout the entire depth of image. The ERT image was

compared with the water sample (P37) of post monsoon period collected in the close vicinity

of the profile (Fig. 51).

9.5 ERT Profile No. 5

The ERT Profile No. 5 was carried out at Karihobanahalli lake with NE-SW

orientation with 24 electrodes and 5m inter-electrode spacing using Wenner-Schlumberger

configuration. The total depth explored was 24 m. The ERT image represents a even

distribution of resistivity throughout the entire depth of investigation. The top portion

representing a low distribution of resistivity ranges from 7.43 to 20.4 Ohm-m up to a depth of

about 10m on either side of the image, while at centre part the depth was shallow. Below

this formation the resistivity shows the intermediate range of resistivity ranges from 33.9 to

93.1 Ohm-m up to a depth of about 19m indicating the weathered granitic formation. After

this the image represents a little high resistivity ranges from 154 to 256 Ohm-m indicating

22

the semi-weathered/fractured granitic formation. ERT was compared with the soil sample

(S5) collected in the close vicinity of the profile (Fig. 52).

9.6 ERT Profile No. 6

The ERT Profile No.6 was carried out at M.S.Ramaiah university of Applied sciences

with oriented in NE-SW direction. The profile was carried out using 24 electrodes with 5m

inter-electrode spacing using Wenner-Schlumberger configuration. The total depth explored

was 24m. The ERT image represents a uneven distribution of resistivity ranges from 13.9 to

25.1 Ohm-m on the top at a depth of about 6m. Few low resistivity patches was observed at

top indicating the loose soil formation. Below this formation the image represents a

resistivity of 33.7 to 60.8 ohm-m indicating highly weathered formation. Below this formation

the image represents a resistivity of 81.7 to 100 Ohm-m indicating weathered granitic

formation. The ERT was compared with the water sample (P32) of post monsoon period

collected in the close vicinity of the profile (Fig. 53).

9.7 ERT Profile No. 7

The ERT Profile No.7 was oriented in NE-SW direction at nearer Vignesh Vidyuth

Controls, 17th Cross Road, Doddanna Industrial Area, Peenya 2nd Stage with Wenner-

Schlumberger configuration using 24 electrodes with 5m inter-electrode spacing. The total

depth explored was 24m. The image represents a resistivity of 82.2 to 140 Ohm-m

indicating top red soil. In the center part of the image represents a more depth while on

either side of image the depth is less. Below this zone the image represents a resistivity of

182-310 Ohm-m up to a depth of 12m indicating a semi-weathered/fractured formation. The

image represents a less depth at the center part, while on either side the depth was more.

After this depth the image represents a resistivity of 404 to 527 Ohm-m throughout the entire

depth indicating a hard rock formation. This ERT was compared with the water sample (P60)

of post monsoon period collected in the close vicinity of the profile (Fig. 54).

9.8 ERT Profile No. 8

The ERT Profile No. 8 was carried out at Essar caps, 16th Cross, Byraweshwara

Industrial, Andrahalli main road, laid along SW to NE using Wenner-Schlumberger

configuration with 24 electrodes using 5m inter-electrode spacing. The image represents a

uneven distribution of resistivity on the top surface with resistivity ranges from 20.2 to 60.5

Ohm-m on the indicating the top soil formation. Few low resistivity patches was observed

with resistivity of 0.62 to 9.68 Ohm-m indicating saturated/polluted formation in center, left

23

and right side of image. Below this a resistivity of 20.2 to 60.5 Ohm-m was observed

indicating a weathered formation. Below this a high resistivity of 151 to 338 Ohm-m was

observed indicating a weathered/fractured granitic formation. This ERT was compared with

the water sample (P65) of post monsoon period collected in the close vicinity of the profile

(Fig. 55).

9.9 ERT Profile No. 9

The ERT profile No. 9 was carried out at M/s. S.L.N. Chemicals, M.S.Green City,

Andrahalli main road, near peenya 2nd stage (Near Andrahalli Lake) with oriented in N–S

using Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 24 electrodes and 5m inter-electrode

spacing. The top portion of the image represents loose saturated soil conditions with

resistivity ranges from 14.8 to 35.1 Ohm-m on the left and center part, while on right side the

resistivity was 54 to 83 Ohm-m. After this the image represents a little high resistivity ranges

from 83 to 128 Ohm-m indicating the weathered granitic formation. After this depth the

image represents a resistivity of more than 300 Ohm-m throughout the entire depth

indicating a hard rock formation. (Fig. 56).

9.10 ERT Profile No.10

The ERT Profile No.10 was laid in E-W direction, Opposite Sanjay Garments, Near

Shamala Siddagangaiah Kalyanamantapa, Doddabidarekallu road, Indiranagar. Using

Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 24 electrodes and 5 m inter-electrode spacing. The

top portion of the image shows uneven distribution of resistivity with high and low resistivity.

The left and center part of the image represents a low resistivity of 15.5 to 19.8 Ohm-m

indicating the highly saturated weathered formation. Below this zone the image represents a

even distribution of resistivity ranges from 25.4 to 87.9 Ohm-m indicating the weathered

granitic formation throughout the entire depth of image. (Fig. 57).

9.11 ERT Profile No.11

The E-W oriented ERT Profile No. 11 was carried out at opposite Vishwas

Packaging, Tigalarapalya main road, Peenya 2nd stage, using Wenner-Schlumberger

configuration with 24 electrodes and 5 m inter-electrode spacing. The resistivity tomographic

image represents a resistivity zone of 45.8 to 107 Ohm-m on left and center part of the

image indicating a weathered formation, while on right side the image represents a hard

formation with resistivity 381 to 889 Ohm-m. The center part of the image represents an

intermediate range of resistivity of 163 to 249 Ohm-m indicating semi-weathered/fractured

24

granitic formation. The ERT was compared with the water sample (P54) of post monsoon

period collected in the close vicinity of the profile (Fig. 58).

9.12 ERT Profile No. 12

The ERT profile No.12 was carried out from the Backside of Micromatic & Unitex,

Peenya industrial area with orientation E-W direction using Wenner-Schlumberger

configuration with 24 electrodes and 5 m inter-electrode spacing. The surface area covered

by loose soil and wet condition. The surface area included drainage (waste water flow). The

image represents a low resistivity range of 11.3 to 34.6 Ohm-m throughout the whole image

which may be attributed to presence of highly saturated weathered formation. The left side of

the image represents a hard formation with resistivity of 185 to 565 Ohm-m representing

some boulder like formation. represents a highly saturated weathered formation. The center

part of the image represents a very low resistivity of 11.3 to 19.8 Ohm-m indicating a highly

saturated formation. This ERT was compared with the water sample (P14) of post monsoon

period and soil sample (S1) collected in the close vicinity of the profile (Fig. 59).

9.13 ERT Profile No.13

The ERT Profile No. 13 was oriented along NE-SW, Rajgopalnagar Park, using

Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 24 electrodes and 5 m inter-electrode spacing.

The ERT image represents the occurrence of low resistivity formation throughout the entire

depth section. The low resistivity was may be due to the dumping of waste material while

construction of part. The image represents a resistivity range of 9.01 to 14.2 Ohm-m on left

side and 17.8 to 28 Ohm-m on right side of the image, while the center part of the image

represents a resistivity range of 35.1 to 44.1 Ohm-m. These resistivity ranges indicate that

the loose and dump material was used in the construction of park. This ERT was compared

with the water sample (P47) of post monsoon period collected in the close vicinity of the

profile (Fig. 60).

9.14 ERT Profile No. 14

The ERT Profile No.14 was carried out in front of Deva Industries, B119, 3rd main

road, 2ndstage, Peenya, along SE-NW orientation using Wenner-Schlumberger configuration

with 24 electrodes and 5 m inter-electrode spacing. The top of the surface area is covered

by Red soil. The left and right side of the image represents a low distribution of resistivity

ranges from 0.73 to 25.4 Ohm-m indicating a highly saturated condition with varying depths.

The depth was thin on left side and thick on right side. After this low zone of resistivity, the

25

image represents a intermediate range of resistivity ranges from 61.6 to 149 indicating

weathered formation followed by a hard rock formation with resistivity 361 Ohm-m. ERT was

compared with the soil sample (S6) collected in the close vicinity of the profile (Fig. 61).

9.15 ERT Profile No.15

The ERT Profile No. 15 oriented in SW-NE direction was laid in front of K.G.

Vidyamandir Private School, Thigalarayapalya main road, Balajinagar, Dasarahalli, using

Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 24 electrodes and 5 m inter-electrode spacing. The

top of the surface area is covered by red soil. The ERT image reported a low resistivity

ranging from 14.1 to 31.6 Ohm-m indicating highly saturated weathered formation up to a

depth of 7m, below this depth the image represents a intermediate range of resistivity ranges

from 47.4 to 159 Ohm-m up to depth of 13m indicating weathered formation followed by hard

formation with resistivity of 239 Ohm-m. The image represents a quite different trend in the

resistivity behavior on right with resistivity of 159 Ohm-m throughout the depth indicating the

extend of weathered formation. This ERT was compared with the water sample (P53) of post

monsoon period collected in the close vicinity of the profile (Fig. 62).

9.16 ERT Profile No.16

The ERT Profile No.16 was oriented in NE-SW direction, Opposite of Siddhartha

International School, Sidharthanagar, Nagasandra, Tumkur road, using Wenner-

Schlumberger configuration with 24 electrodes and 5 m inter-electrode separation. The top

of the surface area is covered by red soil. The image shows the uneven distribution of

resistivity with high and low resistivity. The image represents two prominent low resistivity

zone on either side of image. On left side of the image represents a resistivity of 55.3 to

96.5 Ohm-m up to a depth of 10m, while on right side the image represents a resistivity of

31.7 to 55.3 Ohm-m indicating highly weathered formation, while the center part of the image

represents a resistivity of 127 to 168 Ohm-m throughout the entire depth indicating

weathered/semi-weathered formation (Fig.63).

9.17 ERT Profile No. 17

The ERT profile No.17 was oriented in SW–NE, Karihobanahalli lake downstream

side using Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 24 electrodes and 5 m inter-electrode

separation. The ERT image represents a even distribution of resistivity ranges from 6.11 to

12.4 Ohm-m up to a depth of 13m indicating highly saturated weathered formation. After this

the image represents a resistivity ranges from 17.6 to 72.3 Ohm-m indicating weathered

formation throughout the entire depth section. The low resistivity was due to the

26

encroachment of lake water in the inland formation. This ERT was compared with the water

sample (P52) of post monsoon period and soil sample (S12) collected in the close vicinity of

the profile (Fig. 64).

9.18 ERT Profile No.18

ERT Profile No.18 oriented E-W was laid near Near Gruhalakshmi layout, in-between

Shivapura and Karihobanahalli lake using Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 24

electrodes arrangement using 5m inter-electrode separation. The top of the soil is dry. The

surface area is mostly covered by waste dump. ERT image represents a even distribution of

resistivity with varying resistivity throughout entire depth. The top portion shows the little high

resistivity due to presence of boulders. Below this the image represents a resistivity of 7.47

to 19.4 Ohm-m up to a depth of 10m indicating highly saturated formation followed by a

resistivity of 31.3 to 81.3 Ohm-m indicating highly weathered formation up to a depth of 19m.

After this zone the resistivity of 131 to 211 Ohm-m was observed indicating the semi-

weathered/fracture formation (Fig. 65).

9.19 ERT Profile No.19

The ERT was carried out using the same configuration with 24 electrodes and is

oriented in the E-W direction near a tank in Shivapura colony ground (Near to Shivapura

lake). The top portion of the area was covered with hard red soil. ERT image represents a

uneven distribution of resistivity until the entire depth section. The top portion of the image

represents high and low resistivity. Low resistivity zone of 20 to 34.8 Ohm-m was observed

in the center part of the image indicating highly saturated condition. After this the image

represents a resistivity zone of 45.9 to 79.9 Ohm-m indicating weathered formation. The

weathering portion was more in center and left side compared to right side of the image.

Below this zone another little higher resistivity of 105 to 139 Ohm-m was observed indicating

semi-weathered formation (Fig. 66).

9.20 ERT Profile No. 20

The ERT Profile No. 20 oriented from E-W direction, Brundavananagar,

Karihobanahalli village, Nagasandra, using Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 5 m

inter-electrode spacing and 48 electrodes. The top of the surface area is covered by red soil.

ERT image represents a even distribution of resistivity throughout the entire depth section.

ERT image shows the distribution of resistivity with ranges from 18.3 to 68.8 Ohm-m up to a

depth of 16m indicating the weathered granitic formation. After this the image represents a

27

little high resistivity ranges from 133 to 259 Ohm-m indicating the semi-weathered/fractured

granitic formation. After this depth the image represents a resistivity of 503 to 1894 Ohm-m

throughout the entire depth indicating a hard rock formation. This ERT was compared with

the water sample (P55) of post monsoon period collected in the close vicinity of the profile

(Fig. 67).

9.21 ERT Profile No. 21

This ERT Profile No.21 was oriented in SW-NE direction close to Suvarna Nagara,

HMT layout, Nelagadinalli main road, using Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 5 m

inter-electrode spacing and 24 electrodes in the hard terrain. The top portion of the surface

area is covered by red soil. ERT image represents a even distribution of resistivity through-

out the entire depth section. The image represents good weathering zone with resistivity

ranges from 34.9 to 122 Ohm-m up to a depth of 20m on left side and 14m on right side,

while the top surface on left and right shows little high resistivity indicating some boulder/

harder formation. Below this image represents a little high resistivity ranges from 166 to 227

Ohm-m indicating the semi-weathered/fractured granitic formation. After this depth the image

represents a resistivity of 311 Ohm-m indicating a hard rock formation (Fig. 68).

9.22 ERT Profile No. 22

This ERT Profile No. 22 is oriented in SE-NE direction in Dasarahalli lake from the

inside corridor. The profile had Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 5m electrode

spacing and 24 electrodes in the flat terrain. The image represents almost a uniform

distribution of resistivity. ERT image represents an even distribution of resistivity up to a

depth of about 24m. The ERT image shows an even distribution of resistivity ranges from

9.10 to 19.8 Ohm-m up to a depth of 10m indicating the highly saturated weathered

formation due to lake water. After this depth the image represents a resistivity of 29.1 to 137

Ohm-m throughout the entire depth indicating a weathered granitic formation. This ERT was

compared with the water sample (P45) of post monsoon period collected in the close vicinity

of the profile (Fig. 69).

9.23 ERT Profile No. 23

The ERT Profile No. 23 oriented in E-W direction was laid in the downstream of

Dasarahalli lake using Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 5 m inter-electrode spacing

and 24 electrodes. The image represents quite low resistivity throughout the entire depth

section. The top surface exhibit the resistivity ranges from 13.9 to 25.4 Ohm-m on left side,

28

while on right side the image exhibit resistivity ranges from 13.9 to 34.3 Ohm-m indicating

the highly saturated formation due to Dasarahalli lake. Below this zone little high resistivity

ranges from 62.7 to 114 Ohm-m was observed on left and center part of the image

surrounded by low zone of resistivity indicating the weathered formation. Again below this

zone a low resistivity ranges from 34.3 to 46.4 Ohm-m was observed (Fig. 70). ERT was

compared with the water sample (P44) of post monsoon period collected in the close vicinity

of the profile (Fig. 70).

9.24 ERT Profile No. 24

The ERT Profile is oriented in E-W direction very much away from the Baveshwara

Bus terminal, Peenya was laid using Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 5m inter-

electrode separation and 24 electrodes. ERT image represents a uneven distribution of

resistivity up to a depth of about 24m. The top portion shows the high resistivity ranges from

18.7 to 125 Ohm-m up to a depth of 13m on both side compared to center part of the image.

The higher resistivity was due to the presence of boulders and hard material. Below this

zone the image represents a low resistivity ranges from 4.50 to 11.6 Ohm-m throughout the

entire depth section indicating highly weathered and saturated conditions of the sub-surface

(Fig. 71).

9.25 ERT Profile No. 25

The ERT Profile No. 25 was carried out near the Gorukuntapalya Metro Station with

NE-SW using Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 5m inter-electrode separation and 24

electrodes. The top surface area is covered by dump material. The right side of the image is

showing low resistivity from 4.64 to 20.9 Ohm-m indicating the highly saturated weathered

formation. The top of the image is showing resistivity from 20.2 to 38.1 Ohm-m indicating the

dump material up to a depth of 12m in the center and 4m to 5m on either side of the image

(Fig. 72).

9.26 ERT Profile No. 26

The ERT Profile No. 26 is oriented in N-S direction and was laid away from the

H.M.T. Kannada Higher Primary School (school ground), Jalahalli (P), using Wenner-

Schlumberger configuration with 5m inter-electrode separation and 24 electrodes. ERT

image represents a uneven distribution of resistivity up to a depth of about 24m due to the

top surface distribution. The top portion of the image shows uneven distribution of resistivity

with high and low resistivity ranges from 166 to 323 Ohm-m on left and center part of the

29

image indicating harder formation, while on right and center part of the image exhibit the

resistivity ranges from 31.7 to 119 Ohm-m indicating weathered formation. Below this

formation the ERT image shows the distribution of resistivity from 31.7 to 61.5 Ohm-m

indicating the weathered granitic formation (Fig. 73).

9.27 ERT Profile No. 27

This ERT Profile No.27 was laid along NE-SW direction, Beside Sri Raghavendra

weighers, Yeswanthpur, using Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 5m inter-electrode

separation and with 24 electrodes. ERT image represents a even distribution of resistivity

throughout the entire depth section. The top portion was little harder and exhibit the

resistivity ranges from 56 to 91.6 Ohm-m, below this zone the low resistivity was observed

ranges from 2.93 to 7.84 Ohm-m up to a depth of about 10m indicating highly saturated

formation with contamination. Below this zone the image represents a thick weathered

formation with resistivity ranges from 12.8 to 91.6 Ohm-m (Fig. 74).

9.28 ERT Profile No.28

The ERT profile No.28 is oriented in NE-SW direction was laid in the Alliage Metal

Castings (P) Ltd, Industrial suburb, Near Peenya 3rd Phase, using Wenner-Schlumberger

configuration with 5m inter-electrode separation and with 24 electrodes. ERT image

represents a uneven distribution of resistivity up to a depth of about 24m. The top portion of

the image shows uneven distribution of resistivity with high and low resistivity. The right side

of the image is showing low resistivity ranges from 22.0 to 38.2 Ohm-m, while the center part

shows the resistivity ranges from 51.3 to 68.1 Ohm-m indicating weathered granitic

formation. After this depth the image represents a resistivity of 90.3 to 120 Ohm-m indicating

the weathered formation. This weathered formation was encapsulated with high resistivity of

159 Ohm-m throughout the entire depth indicating a semi-weathered/fractured granitic

formation. This ERT was compared with the water sample (P17) of post monsoon period

collected in the close vicinity of the profile (Fig. 75).

30

10.0 Aquifer Parameter Estimation

Short duration pumping tests were carried out on 11 bore wells to characterize the

aquifer parameters viz., Transmissivity (T), Hydraulic Conductivity (K) and Storativity (S) in

Peenya industrial area covering watershed (Fig. 76). Eight pumping tests were carried out

inside the Peenya Industrial area. Three pumping tests were carried out outside Peenya

Industrial Area. All the pumping tests inside the Peenya industries were carried out in deep

bore wells. The duration of pumping tests varied from 30 to 90 minutes and observation of

recovery varied from 40 to 140 minutes in the watershed (Table 13). The groundwater

discharge varied from 0.497 l/sec to 3.5848 l/sec whereas the reported drawdown varied

from 1.79 m to 36.32 m. The static water level measured before the start of the pumping test

varied from 3.99 m (bgl) to 34.99 m (bgl). The interpretation of pumping test was carried out

through Aquifer Test Software using three different method of interpretation viz., Theis,

Newman and Hantush and Jacob methods for all the pumping wells (Table 14) to achieve

more accuracy of the interpreted results and compare the results with each other.

10.1 Pumping Test No.1

The pumping test No.1 was carried out in the bore well situated at Sona Engineering

& Fabricators Pvt. Ltd. (ref. Fig. 76). The diameter of the bore well was 0.1651m. The static

groundwater level observed prior to the pumping test was 25.61 m (bgl) and the well was

pumped for 100 minutes with constant discharge at a rate of 0.741 l/sec. The pumping had

created a drawdown of 3.4m from the static water level. The computed transmissivity,

hydraulic conductivity and Storativity by Theis method were 2.06x10+1 m2/day, 1.03 x100

m/day and 4.57x10-7 respectively. The transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity computed by

Neuman method were 2.10x10+1 m2/day, 1.05 x100 m/day respectively and the hydraulic

conductivity estimated by Hantush & Jacob method was 1.05 x100 m/day. The well

possessed good groundwater potential, which is reflected in reporting high Transmissivity

and also in the observed fast recovery rate after pumping stopped.

10.2 Pumping Test No.2

The pumping test No.2 was carried out in a bore well situated at Replica Xenography

Pvt. Ltd. (ref. Fig. 76). The static groundwater level observed prior to the pumping test was

7.84 m (bgl) and the diameter of the well was 0.1651 m. The well is being pumped out for 60

minutes with constant discharge at a rate of 0.7513 l/sec and a drawdown of 2.055 m was

observed. The recovery was monitored for 70 minutes after stoppage of pumping from the

well and it was noticed about 90% of recovery could be reached in the well. The computed

31

transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and Storativity values by the Theis method was

3.54x10+1 m2/day, 1.69 x100 m/day and 6.99x10-7 respectively. The transmissivity and

hydraulic conductivity estimated by the Neuman method was 3.55x10+1 m2/day and 1.70x100

m/day respectively, whereas the only hydraulic conductivity estimated by the Hantush &

Jacob methods was 1.76x10+0 m2/day.

10.3 Pumping Test No.3

The Pumping test No.3 was carried out in bore well of Anglo French Drugs &

Industries (ref. Fig. 76). The static groundwater level observed in the well prior to start of

pumping test was 13.86 m (bgl). The diameter of the well was 0.1651 m. The well was

pumped for 60 minutes with a constant discharge at a rate of 2.1637 l/sec and had created

a drawdown of 4.56 m. The complete recovery in the well was observed during 80

minutes. The estimated transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and storativity by the Theis

method were 5.60x10+1 m2/day, 2.80x100 m/day and 1.92x10-7 respectively. The estimated

transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity by the Neuman method was 5.52x10+1 m2/day and

2.76x100 m/day respectively and only the hydraulic conductivity estimated by the Hantush &

Jacob method was 2.73x100 m/day.

10.4 Pumping Test No.4

The pumping test No. 4 was carried out in the bore well at Kongovi Electronics Pvt

Ltd, Phase-IV (ref. Fig. 76). The diameter of the well is 0.1651 m. The static water level

observed prior to the start of pumping test was 19.21 m (bgl). The well was pumped out for

60 minutes with a constant discharge at a rate of 1.4834 l/sec. The drawdown observed was

4.04 m. About 90% recovery was observed in the well during 100 minutes after pumping

was stopped. The estimated transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and storativity by the Theis

method was 1.74x10+1 m2/day, 8.72x10-1 m/day and 2.55x10-4 respectively. The estimated

transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity values by the Neuman method were 1.76x10+1

m2/day, 8.80 x10-1 m/day respectively and the only hydraulic conductivity estimated by the

Hantush & Jacob method was 8.72 x10-1 m/day.

10.5 Pumping Test No.5

The pumping test No. 5 was carried out in the existing bore well situated at Nisarga

Enterprises Pvt. Ltd., Stage-II (ref. Fig. 76). The diameter of the bore well was 0.1651 m.

The static groundwater level observed prior to the pumping test was 10.57 m (bgl) and the

well was pumped for 70 minutes with constant discharge at a rate of 1.3410 l/sec. The

32

pumping has created a drawdown of 4.37m from the static water level. The estimated

transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and Storativity by Theis method were 2.38x10+1 m2/day,

1.19 x10+0 m/day and 5.15x10-6 respectively. The transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity

computed by Neuman method were 2.40x10+1 m2/day, 1.20x10+0 m/day respectively and the

hydraulic conductivity estimated by Hantush & Jacob method was 1.19x10+0 m/day.

10.6 Pumping Test No. 6

The pumping test No. 6 was carried out in a bore well situated at Southern India

Electronics (B) Pvt. Ltd. (ref. Fig. 76). The static groundwater level observed prior to the

pumping test was 34.99 m (bgl) and the diameter of the well was 0.1651 m. The well is

being pumped out for 50 minutes with constant discharge at a rate of 0.6005 l/sec and a

drawdown of 1.79 m was observed. The recovery was monitored for 40 minutes after

stoppage of pumping from the well and it was noticed about 90% of recovery could be

reached in the well. The estimated transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and Storativity

values by the Theis method was 3.92x10+1 m2/day, 1.96x10+0 m/day and 2.88x10-8

respectively. The transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity estimated by the Neuman method

was 3.94x10+0 m2/day and 1.97x10+0 m/day respectively, whereas the only hydraulic

conductivity estimated by the Hantush & Jacob methods was 1.96x10+0 m2/day.

10.7 Pumping Test No. 7

The pumping test No. 7 was carried out in the bore well situated near in the premises

of Wet Creations, Karihobanahalli (ref. Fig. 76). The diameter of the well is 0.1651 m. The

static water level observed prior to the start of pumping test was 18.20 m (bgl). The well was

pumped out for 50 minutes with a constant discharge at a rate of 2.9025 l/sec. The

drawdown observed was 13.4 m. More than 90% recovery was observed in the well during

23 minutes after stoppage of pumping. The estimated transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity

and storativity by the Theis method was 2.25x10+1 m2/day, 1.12x10+0 m/day and 1.58x10-8

respectively. The estimated transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity values by the Neuman

method were 2.27x10+1 m2/day, 1.13x10+0 m/day respectively and the only hydraulic

conductivity estimated by the Hantush & Jacob method was 1.17x10+0 m/day.

10.8 Pumping Test No. 8

The pumping test No. 8 was carried out in the bore well situated at SNS Industries,

3rd Stage, Peenya Industrial Area (ref. Fig. 76). The diameter of the well is 0.1651 m. The

static water level observed prior to the start of pumping test was 3.99 m (bgl). The well was

33

pumped out for 60 minutes with a constant discharge at a rate of 0.8660 l/sec. The

drawdown observed was 31.63m. More than 90% recovery was observed in the well during

80 minutes after stoppage of pumping. The estimated transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity

and storativity by the Theis method was 2.90x10+0 m2/day, 1.45x10-1 m/day and 1.12x10-8

respectively. The estimated transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity values by the Neuman

method were 2.90x10+0 m2/day, 1.45x10-1 m/day respectively and the only hydraulic

conductivity estimated by the Hantush & Jacob method was 1.45x10-1 m/day.

10.9 Pumping Test No. 9

The pumping test No. 9 was carried out in the public bore well situated at beside A1

mutton stall, Rukimininagara, Nagasandra area (ref. Fig. 76). The diameter of the well is

0.1651 m. The static water level observed prior to the start of pumping test was 16.40 m

(bgl). The well was pumped out for 40 minutes with a constant discharge at a rate of 3.5848

l/sec. The drawdown observed was 36.32 m. About 90% recovery was observed in the

well during 130 minutes after stoppage of pumping. The estimated transmissivity, hydraulic

conductivity and storativity by the Theis method was 7.45x10+0 m2/day, 3.72x10-1 m/day and

3.14x10-7 respectively. The estimated transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity values by the

Neuman method were 7.50x10+0 m2/day, 3.75x10-1 m/day respectively and the only hydraulic

conductivity estimated by the Hantush & Jacob method was 3.73x10-1 m/day. The well is

used by public for domestic use.

10.10 Pumping Test No. 10

The pumping test No. 10 was carried out in the bore well situated at

Rajagopalnagara Police Station (ref. Fig. 76). The diameter of the well is 0.1651 m. The

static water level observed prior to the start of pumping test was 16.40 m (bgl). The well was

pumped out for 30 minutes with a constant discharge at a rate of 0.5067 l/sec. The

drawdown observed was 4.97 m. About 90% recovery was observed in the well during 60

minutes after stoppage of pumping. The estimated transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and

storativity by the Theis method was 1.24x10+1 m2/day, 6.20x10-1 m/day and 2.94x10-9

respectively. The estimated transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity values by the Neuman

method were 1.23x10+1 m2/day, 6.17x10-1m/day respectively and the only hydraulic

conductivity estimated by the Hantush& Jacob method was 6.18x10-1 m/day. The well is

being used for domestic purpose.

34

10.11 Pumping Test No. 11

The pumping test No. 11 was carried out in the bore well situated at Opp. Lords

Metal Finishers, Doddanna Industrial Estate (ref. Fig. 76). The diameter of the well is 0.1651

m. The static water level observed prior to the start of pumping test was 12.13 m (bgl). The

well was pumped out for 50 minutes with a constant discharge at a rate of 0.49781 l/sec.

The drawdown observed was 2.457 m. More than 90% recovery was observed in the well

during 50 minutes after stoppage of pumping. The estimated transmissivity, hydraulic

conductivity and storativity by the Theis method was 2.11x10+1 m2/day, 1.06x100 m/day and

1.48x10-8 respectively. The estimated transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity values by the

Neuman method were 2.13x10+1 m2/day, 1.06x100 m/day respectively and the only hydraulic

conductivity estimated by the Hantush & Jacob method was 1.05x100 m/day.

11.0 In-situ Soil Infiltration Measurements

In situ infiltration measurements were carried out with double ring infiltrometer at 23

locations in and around the Peenya Industrial Area watershed site to estimate the in-situ soil

infiltration rate (Fig. 77). The outer infiltration ring was made with diameter of the 30 cm

whereas the inner ring diameter was 15 cm and the height of the rings was 12 cm. The

infiltration rates reported varying from 0.02 cm/hr to 3.25 cm/hr in the Peenya Industrial Area

covering watershed (Fig. 77 & Table 15). Highest infiltration rate was reported from

infiltration test No.4 carried out at Karnataka State Pollution Control Board Office, Peenya

and lowest infiltration test at No.17 carried out near the premises of Alutop Industries Road

side, Stage-3. The infiltration rate in the Peenya Industrial Area was reported very low

ranging from 0.02 cm/hr to 1.74 cm/hr) except reporting a high value of > 2.0 cm/hr at test

Nos.1,4,12 and 23. The high infiltration rate reported may be due to presence of loose sandy

soil and vegetation cover around the infiltration test locations. The low infiltration rate

reported in the Peenya Industrial area would not permit large amount of seepage into the

groundwater table with faster rate.

35

12.0 Groundwater Flow & Mass Transport Modeling

The groundwater flow model in the watershed covering Peenya Industrial Area,

Bangalore was conceptualized as a two layer weathered and fractured aquifer system

spread over 5500 m x 5500 m and observation wells considered for model calibration (Fig.

78). The simulated vertical cross sections along Row 40 & Column 40 indicates that the

weathered zone has a thickness of about 25 m, which is underlain by a fracture zone of

about 15 m thickness (Figs. 79a & 79b). The groundwater flow model has 40 rows and 40

columns of rectangular cells of varying sizes of 137 m x 137 m (Fig. 78). Fine grid cells are

used in the groundwater flow model for the industrial area. These vertical cross sections of

Rows and Column pass through the Peenya Industrial Area. The permeability distribution of

saturated weathered granite rocks (1st layer) were assigned as 1.6 m/day, 2.2 m/day, 2.6

m/day and 2.8 m/day accordingly, keeping in view the geological situation of the area (Fig.

80a). Similarly, permeability distribution to saturated fractured granite rocks (2nd layer) were

assigned as 1.0 m/day, 1.2 m/day and 1.5 m/day (Fig. 80b). The permeability had been

assumed to be one tenth of the horizontal permeability in the vertical direction.

The Bangalore city receives about 800-900 mm of rainfall mostly during south

west monsoon period and natural groundwater recharge to the groundwater regime was

assumed as 65 mm/year, 55 mm/year and 45 mm/year (Fig. 81). The minimum of 45

mm/year recharge was assigned to the Peenya Industrial Area, as there is no stream and

recharge conditions are not favourable. The intermediate recharge of 55 mm/year was

assigned in the area of stream course and maximum 65 mm/year recharge was assigned in

the area having surface water bodies like Karivobanahalli Tank, Sivapura Tank,

Tigalarapalya Tank, Handrihalli Tank and Dasarhalli Tank adjacent to industrial area on the

western part. The groundwater pumping is varying from 200 - 300 m3/day depending up on

the use of bore wells in the industrial and watershed area. The groundwater pumping

centers and pumping rate assigned in the model varies on an average 200 - 300 m3/day

(Fig. 82). Similarly, constant head boundary was also assigned in the flow model domain

(Fig. 83).

12.1 Flow and Transport Processes

The process of groundwater flow is generally assumed to be governed by the relations

expressed in Darcy’s law and the conservation of mass. The purpose of Mass transport

model in groundwater is to compute the concentration of a dissolved chemical species in an

aquifer at any specified time and place. The theoretical basis for the equation describing

solute transport has been well documented in the literature (Bear and Demersily, 1993).

36

Changes in chemical concentration occur within a dynamic groundwater system primarily

due to four distinct processes:

• Advective transport, in which dissolved chemicals are moving with the flowing

groundwater

• Hydrodynamic dispersion, in which molecular and ionic diffusion and small-

scale variations in the flow velocity through the porous media cause the paths

of dissolved molecules and ions to diverge or spread from the average

direction of groundwater flow

• Fluid sources, where water of one composition is introduced into and mixed

with water of a different composition and

• Reactions, in which some amount of a particular dissolved chemical species

may be added to or removed from the groundwater as a result of chemical,

biological, and physical reactions in the water or between the water and the

solid aquifer materials or other separate liquid phases.

12.2 Governing Equations

The subsurface environment constitutes a complex, three dimensional

heterogeneous hydrogeologic setting. The variability strongly influences groundwater flow

and transport, and such a reality can be described accurately only through careful

hydrogeologic practice. The mathematical equations that describe groundwater flow and

transport processes may be developed from the fundamental principle of conservation of

mass of fluid or of solute. Given a representative elementary volume (REV) of porous

medium, a general equation for conservation of mass for the volume may be expressed as:

Rate of mass inflow – rate of mass outflow + rate of mass reduction/

Consumption = rate of mass accumulation (1)

The statement of conservation of mass may be combined with a mathematical

expression of the relevant process to obtain a differential equation that describes flow.

jiji x

hKq

∂∂−= (2)

A general form of the equation describing the transient flow of a compressible fluid in

a non-homogeneous anisotropic aquifer may be derived by combining Darcy’s law with the

37

continuity equation. A general groundwater flow equation may be written in Cartesian tensor

notation as:

*s

iij

i

Wt

hS

x

hK

x+

∂∂=

∂∂

∂∂

(3)

Where Ss is the specific storage, L-1; t is time, T; W* is the volumetric flux per unit volume (+

for outflow and – for inflow), T-1; and x i are Cartesian coordinates, L. Darcy’s law applies

(and gradients of hydraulic head are the only driving force), and fluid properties (density and

viscosity) are homogeneous and constant. Aquifer properties can vary spatially, and fluid

stresses (W*) can vary in space and time.

If the aquifer is relatively thin compared to its lateral extent, it may be appropriate to

assume that groundwater flow is aerially two-dimensional. This allows the three-dimensional

flow equation to be reduced to the case of two dimensional aerial flows, for which several

additional simplifications are possible. Advantages include less stringent data requirements

and shorter computation time to achieve numerical solutions.

For confined aquifer case,

Wt

hS

x

hT

x iij

i

+∂∂=

∂∂

∂∂

(4)

Where Tij is the transmissivity, L2T-1; Tij = Kij b; b is the saturated thickness of the aquifer, L;

S is the storage coefficient (dimensionless) and W = W* b is the volume flux per unit area

LT-1.

When equation 4 is applied to an unconfined aquifer system, it must be assumed that

flow is horizontal and equipotential lines are vertical, that the horizontal hydraulic gradient

equals the slope of the water table, and that the storage coefficient is equal to the specific

yield (Sy) (Anderson and Woessner, 1992). Note that in an unconfined system, the

saturated thickness changes as the water table elevation (head) changes. Thus, the

transmissivity also can change over space and time (i.e. Tij = Kij b, where b(x,y,t) = h – hb

and hb is the elevation of the bottom of the aquifer.

The cross-product terms of the hydraulic conductivity tensor drop out when the

coordinate axes are aligned with the principal axes of the tensor; i.e. Kij = 0 when I = j.

38

Therefore, the only hydraulic conductivity terms with possible nonzero values are Kxx and

Kyy. The eq 4 may be simplified to

Wt

hS

y

hT

yx

hT

x yyxx +∂∂=

∂∂

∂∂+

∂∂

∂∂

(5)

In some field problems, fluid properties such as density and viscosity may vary

significantly. When the fluid properties are heterogeneous and (or) transient, the relations

among water levels, hydraulic heads, fluid pressures, and flow velocities are neither simple

nor straightforward. In this situation, the flow equation is written and solved in terms of fluid

pressures, fluid densities, and the intrinsic permeability of the porous media (Konikow and

Grove, 1977).

12.3 Groundwater Velocity

The migration and mixing of chemicals dissolved in groundwater will obviously be

affected by the velocity of the flowing groundwater. The actual seepage velocity of

groundwater is computed as

j

ijii x

hKqV

∂∂

ε−=

ε= (6)

Where Vi is the seepage velocity and ε is the effective porosity of the porous medium.

12.4 Mass Transport Equation

An equation describing the transport and dispersion of a dissolved chemical in

flowing groundwater may be derived from the principle of conservation of mass by

considering all fluxes into and out of a representative elementary volume (REV). A

generalized form of the solute transport equation, in which terms are incorporated to

represent chemical reactions and solute concentration both in the pore fluid and on the solid

surface, as:

( ) ( ) CHEMWCCVxx

CD

xt

C *i

ijij

i

+′−ε∂∂−

∂∂ε

∂∂=

∂ε∂ (7)

Where CHEM equals one or more of the following:

t

Cb ∂

∂ρ−−

for linear equilibrium controlled sorption or ion-exchange reactions

39

∑=

s

1kkR for s chemical rate-controlled reactions, and (or)

ρ+ελ−−CC b for decay

and where Dij is coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion (a second order tensor), L2T-1, C’ is

the concentration of the solute in the source or sink fluid, C is the concentration of the

species adsorbed on the solid (mass of solute/mass of solid), ρb is the bulk density of the

sediment ML-3, Rk is the rate of production of the solute in reaction k, ML-3T-1, and λ is the

decay constant T-1.

The first term on the right hand side of equation (7) represents the change in

concentration due to hydrodynamic dispersion. This expression is analogous to Fick’s law

describing diffusive flux. This Fickian model assumes that the driving force is the

concentration gradient and that the dispersive flux occurs in a direction from higher towards

lower concentrations. The coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion is defined as the sum of

mechanical dispersion and molecular diffusion (Bear and Demersily, 1993). The mechanical

dispersion is a function both of the intrinsic properties of the porous medium (such as

heterogeneities in hydraulic conductivity and porosity) and of the fluid flow. Molecular

diffusion in a porous medium will differ from that in free water because of the effects of

tortuous paths of fluid connectivity in porous media. These relations are commonly

expressed as

m

nmijmnij D

V

VVD +α= i,j,m,n=1,2,3 (8)

Where αijmn is the dispersivity of the porous medium (a fourth order tensor), L; Vm and Vn are

the components of the flow velocity of the fluid in the m and n directions. Respectively, LT-1,

Dm is the effective coefficient of molecular diffusion, L2T-1; and |V| = sq root Vx2 + Vy

2 + Vz2

(Bear and de Mersily, 1993, Domenico and Schwartz, 1990). The dispersivity of an isotropic

porous medium can be defined by two constants. These are the longitudinal dispersivity of

the medium αL and the transverse dispersivity of the medium αT. These are related to the

longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients by DL = αL|V| and DT = αT|V|. Most of

the reported transport models of groundwater problems relate to the conventional

formulation, even for cases in which the hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be anisotropic.

Although conventional theory holds that αL is generally an intrinsic property of the

aquifer, it is found in practice to be dependent on and proportional to the scale of the

40

measurement. Most reported values of αL fall in a range from 0.01 to 1.0 times the scale of

the measurement, although the ratio of αL to scale of measurement tends to decrease at

larger scales (Anderson and Woessner 1992, Gelhar et al. 1992). Field dispersion (macro

dispersion) results from large scale spatial variations in hydraulic properties. Representing a

transient flow field by a mean steady state flow field, as is commonly done, inherently

ignores some of the variability in velocity and must be compensated for by using increased

values of dispersivity (primarily transverse dispersivity). Over all, the more accurately a

model can simulate the true velocity distribution in space and time, the less of a problem will

be the uncertainty concerning representation of dispersion processes.

The mathematical solute–transport model requires at least two partial differential

equations. One is the equation of flow, from which groundwater flow velocities are obtained,

and the second is the solute transport equation, whose solution gives chemical

concentration in groundwater. If the properties of water are affected significantly by changes

in solute concentration, as in a seawater intrusion problem, then the flow and transport

equations should be solved simultaneously (iteratively). If the properties of the water remain

constant, then the flow and transport equations can be decomposed and solved sequentially,

this is simpler numerically.

The numerical approaches for solving mass transport equations are based on

computer-based particle tracking methods. They are approximate forms of the advection-

dispersion equation (5) as a system of algebraic equations or alternately simulating

transport through the spread of a large number of moving reference particles. Second step

is to provide boundary condition at a large number of node points and assign values of

concentration or loading rates defining various boundary conditions for all nodes located

along boundary of the domain. Continuity consideration of numerical solutions of solute

transport requires a smooth and accurate representation of velocity field, which was

obtained by simulation of groundwater flow model. Velocity values are computed from

calculated hydraulic heads and porosity values by applying Darcy’s equation. The transport

model was coupled to the flow model by velocity terms. The water level configuration of

particular time period will be considered for solving groundwater flow equation under steady

state and thereby a single velocity field determined for the mass transport simulation for all

times. With a small time step, this particle motion traces a pathline through the system

(Konikow and Bredehoeft, 1978). Dispersion was accounted for in the particle motion by

adding to the deterministic motion a random component, which is a function of the

dispersivities. The mean concentration for each grid block was calculated as the sum of the

mass carried by all the particles located in a given block divided by the total volume of water

41

in the block. The head solution is obtained using visual MODFLOW (McDonald and

Harbough, 1988).

The computed groundwater level contours in the groundwater flow model has been

showing groundwater flow direction in the western direction towards Karihobanahalli lake

following closely the trend of observed water level contours during January 2017 (Fig. 84a).

The computed vs. observed hydraulic heads at 35 observation wells in the watershed have

been found matching closely (Fig. 84b). The groundwater velocity field has been computed

from the flow model by assuming an effective porosity of 0.1. The computed groundwater

velocity field represents maximum groundwater velocity of 50 m/year.

13.0 Mass Transport Model

Using the computed velocity field from the groundwater flow model, a mass transport

model was simulated using the MT3D software. The source concentration was assigned at 4

locations in the Peenya Industrial Area based on the reported maximum concentration

during groundwater quality monitoring of June 2016 and January 2017. The concentration

were added in the 2nd Phase, 4th Phase, 3rd Stage and just outside the 3rd phase of the

Peenya Industrial area. The initial concentration of groundwater was assumed to be varied

from 4000 – 6000 mg/l during last 20 years (Fig. 85). The computed TDS plumes indicate

the migration of contaminant in groundwater originating from the sources. The predicted

TDS concentration in groundwater for different years presents that the TDS plume migration

is limited to four clusters within the Peenya Industrial area and is towards the western

direction (Figs. 86a to 86h). The computed TDS concentration plume for the year 2017 was

used for calibration of the mass transport model during last 20 years. The mass transport

model was later used for making prediction during next 30 years up to 2047. The mass

transport model predictions indicate that significantly TDS concentration plumes are

extending towards Western boundary of the Peenya Industrial Area, but not crossing the

boundary of industrial area (Figs. 82a to 82h). Major contaminant TDS plume could be seen

emanating from Obs Well No. 15 on the Central part of the industrial area and from Obs.

Well No. 13 in the Eastern boundary. Further as the industrial area is situated on high

ground sloping towards west, the contaminant migration if any through storm water disposal

would be towards the western boundary of industrial area.

The migration of TDS concentration plume along vertical direction was predicted

along Row 25 and Column 35 for different years to understand the dispersion pattern of

contaminant within the Peenya Industrial Area during next 50 years (Figs. 87a to 87h & Figs

42

88a to 88h). The vertical migration of TDS concentration from other two sources in the

industrial area with depth along Row 25 indicate very low concentrations (Figs. 87a & 87b).

The groundwater flow and mass transport modeling has only demonstrated extent of likely

migration of TDS contaminant plume from highly concentrated TDS well towards the

Western boundary in the Central part of the Peenya Industrial Area. Further it is confirmed

that contaminant plumes movement will be towards the western boundary. The plume

cannot move fast as ground surface possess poor infiltration characteristic. It is suggested to

monitor the groundwater quality rigorously in all the observation wells for reporting elevated

TDS in groundwater in the industrial area. The liquid waste disposal should be made by

sending the treated effluent to a Common Effluent Treatment Plant.

14.0 Chromium Removal Techniques

Chromium is a lustrous, brittle, hard metal and does not tarnish in air. Chromium is

an unstable element therefore; it is not found as a free element in nature. It is mainly used as

alloys in stainless steel production, in chrome plating and in metal ceramics. Chromium is

used in metallurgy to impart corrosion resistance and a shiny finish. Chromium has two

valance states Trivalent Chromium (Cr3+) and Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+).

Trivalent chromium ion is an essential trace element and its very small amount necessary

for insulin, sugar and lipid metabolism in humans. However, hexavalent chromium is a toxic,

and carcinogenic to human health, mainly for people who work in the steel, textile and

chromium mining industry. People can be exposed to chromium through breathing, eating or

drinking of chromium contaminated products and through those of contact with skin.

Chromium is released into the environment from point and non-point sources. Coal and oil

combustion, chromium waste slag, electroplating, leather tanning, and textile industries,

these all are the main sources of chromium, contributing the major role in air, water, and soil

pollution.

Chromium is categorized as most mobile elements of soil (Fijalkowski et al., 2012). It

has been shown that Cr (VI) has high mobility than Cr (III) under alkaline to slightly acidic

conditions (James and Bartlett 1983). It was concluded that the amount of desorbed Cr

varied with both the cationic charge and with a depth of soil sample. In the surface soils, the

desorbed Cr decreased with increasing cationic charge (Water > Na+ > Ca++). While the

reverse trend (Ca++ > Na+> Water) was observed in the subsurface soils. It was obtained that

high amount of Cr was released in the presence of phosphate solutions and least when Cl-

solution was used as the leaching electrolyte.

43

Chromium can be removed from the environment by different chemical processes

are reduction/oxidation, adsorption/desorption, and precipitation/dissolution, biological

processes (reduction/oxidation) and physical processes.

14.1 Chemical processes

a) Reduction/Oxidation

The chromium concentration can be attenuated in groundwater by using hydraoxide

and oxides compounds of Mn, and iron as an oxidizer agent (James and Stephen 2004).

Chromium (VI) is a very strong oxidant and can be removed from water by Redox reaction

removal method. Hazardous chromium (VI) can be transformed into less hazardous and less

mobile Cr (III) with the help of waste iron metal and MnO2. It is reported that waste iron

particles will react with Cr (VI) and convert into Cr (III) (Taeyoon et al., 2003). Reduction of

Cr (VI) to Cr (III) may change the pH of solution and favor the precipitation of Cr (III).

Examples of reactions that generate alkalinity or acidity are shown in Equation given below

(James et al, 1997).

2Fe + 2CrO42– + H2O + 4H+ 2Fe(OH)3+ Cr2O3

6Fe2+ + 2CrO42– + 13H2O 6Fe(OH)3+ Cr2O3+ 8H+

3C6H6O2 + 2CrO42– + 4H+ 3C6H4O2+ Cr2O3+ 5H2O

This reaction has showed that reduction/oxidation processes is very efficient method to

transform the hazardous chromium element into less hazardous and less mobile form.

b) Ion-Exchange

Calcium polysulfide has been used to reduce and remove Cr (VI) from drinking

water, other water and wastewater. Calcium polysulfide quickly reduces the Cr (VI) to Cr

(III), and chromium precipitates as Cr(OH)3. Calcium polysulfide also has been utilized

for remediation of Cr (VI) from chromite ore processing (Graham et al, 2006).

c) Sorption

Sorption processes for Cr can also be used in chromium removal treatment.

Adsorption is an efficient and cost-effective method of chromium removal from water and

wastewater. However, Cr (III) sorption is rapid in clays, sands, soil and water containing Fe

and manganese oxides than Cr (VI). It is reported that Cr (III) was adsorbed by iron oxides

within 24 hours (Richard and Bourg, 1991). In laboratory aluminum oxide hydroxide can be

44

used as adsorbent and Langmuir adsorption isotherm used for determining adsorption of Cr

(III) on the aluminum oxide hydroxide (Bedemo 2016). Cr (III) behaves like a positively

charged ion (such as Cr3+) and its adsorption is therefore enhanced as pH increases due to

deprotonation of adsorbent surface which increases the attraction between Cr (III) and the

surface. However, Cr (VI) behaves like an anion, so sorption of Cr (VI) decreases with

increasing pH and in groundwater its adsorption is nearly negligible reported by (Richard and

Bourg, 1991).

d) Precipitation

Equilibration between solid and dissolved forms of Cr is a third physical–chemical

interaction that is used in precipitation treatment processes. Precipitation of Cr (III) occurs as

Cr(OH)3(s) (Richard and Bourg, 1991). The solubility of Cr (III) governs its migration.

Precipitation/ dissolution is a function of pH, and the presence of other ions. As pH

increases, OH– concentration increases and more Cr precipitate. The precipitation of Cr (III)

is useful for increasing Cr (VI) to Cr (III) reaction rates, by Le Chatelier’s Principle (Elisabeth

et al., 2004). Lime, sodium hydroxide and magnesium oxide have been used to precipitate

chromium ion from waste water (Fenta et al., 2017).

14.2 Biological processes

a) Bacterial reduction

Chromium biosorption by microbial biomass mainly depend on the components on

the cell, especially through cell surface and the spatial structure of the cell wall (Ahluwalia

and Goyal, 2007). Bacteria can enzymatically reduce Cr (VI) by both aerobic and anaerobic

pathways. However, other non-biological Cr reduction pathways compete with the biological

pathways. Under anaerobic conditions, biological reduction is slow so abiotic reduction by Fe

(II) or hydrogen sulfide is expected to dominate. Microbial reduction only becomes kinetically

important in aerobic environments (Fendorf et al., 2001). Oxygen concentrations in the

system are the primary factor influencing reduction rate, followed by pH and geochemical

conditions.

Bacterial reduction of Cr (VI) also helped to decrease the aqueous concentration of

Cr (VI) by Iron Reducing Consortium (IRC) such as Geobacter metallireducens and

Shewanella alga. Few studies addressed the use of iron-reducing bacteria for the reduction

of iron oxidized by Cr (VI) in groundwater (McCormick et al, 2002).

45

b) Phytoremediation

Phytoremediation, which is the use of plants and their associated micro-organisms, is

one of the recent technologies which guarantee an effective, economical and sustainable

means to achieve this end for developing countries because they are cheaper to make and a

little skill is required to operate them. This technique is a cost-effective plant-based approach

for removal of heavy metals from water (Mohanty 2015). Phytoremediation can be achieved

through different methods like Phytoextraction (Kumar et al. 1995), Rhizofiltration

(Dushenkov et al.1995), Phytostabilization (Salt et al., 1995), and Phytotransformation/

Phytodegradation (Susarla et al 2002). The success of phytoremediation mainly depends on

the photosynthetic activity and the growth rate of plants.

Chromium contaminated water can be treated by a water hyacinth

species Eichhornia crassipes. It has been observed that this plant was able to remove

99.5% Cr (VI) of the surface water of chromium mine area. It has been reported that aquatic

plants are not only removed hexavalent Cr, but is also capable of reducing total dissolved

solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and other

elements of water also (Saha et al., 2015).

14.3 Chromium phytoremediation for contaminated soi l

A. Glutinosa is commonly known as alder, is a pioneer plant with rapid growth in

nutrient- poor soil and its root have a symbiosis with the bacteria Frankia and Glomus

spp. mycorrhizal fungi and it is used to restore degraded soils. A glutinosa has higher

transfer capacity of Cr metal through its root (Escobar and Dussan 2016).

B. Khan et al., (2001) reported the potential of mycorrhizae in protecting tree species

Populuseuro americana and Dalbergi asisso against the detrimental effects of heavy

metal and phytoremediation of Cr contamination in soil and water.

46

15. Conclusions

Groundwater monitoring was carried out on about 46 and 49 observation wells during

July 2016 and January 2017 for ascertaining the groundwater flow direction from the Peenya

Industrial Area, Bangalore. The groundwater flow direction is from Peenya Industrial Area

towards the Karihobanahalli lake on the west and towards the east direction. Similarly, 65

and 71 groundwater/surface water samples collected from industrial area and surrounding

area during July 2016 and January 2017 to ascertain the groundwater quality in the industrial

area. The water samples were analyses for major ion and heavy metals including

hexavalent chromium. The analytical results indicate that the most of the groundwater

samples collected from the Peenya Industrial Area having high TDS concentration and also

contaminated with one or other heavy metals. Four TDS contaminant plumes were identified

through water quality monitoring within the Peenya Industrial Area reporting concentrations

varying from 4000 - 6000 mg/l. The open waste material lying in the industrial area will act as

a source of contaminating the groundwater quality. The aquifer characteristics as well as the

infiltration rates determined in the industrial area indicated that the area is a favorable

region for groundwater recharge. Hence any pollution from top surface enters the

groundwater regime it migrates with groundwater velocity and dispersion properties of the

medium. The hydraulic gradient in the watershed is controlled by pumping within the

industrial area as well as in surrounding areas.

The observed groundwater quality database also suggests that the Contaminant

plumes with regard to TDS are moving towards the west direction from the industrial area

towards the Karihobanahalli lake. The ground is also sloping towards the west. Major

contaminants include, TDS, Chloride and Nitrate with some very high concentration of heavy

metal especially, Chromium, Hexavalent Chromium, Cobalt, Nickel, Zinc, Copper etc., in the

groundwater was noticed during the water quality monitoring. The concentration of these

heavy metals were limited in the wells inside the industrial area only. There is no threat to

the public water supply wells or irrigation wells outside the industrial area.

The resistivity investigations employing Electrical Resistivity Tomography imaging

indicate that the groundwater regime in the granite rocks occurs in weathered, semi-

weathered and fractured conditions. The thickness of weathered zone varying from place to

place in the industrial area. The weathering thickness varying from 20-24 m in the Peenya

Industrial Area. At some places, it is found that the area having good groundwater potential

in the Industrial Area. The pumping test results also indicated that the aquifer characteristics

47

with regard to hydraulic conductivity is varying from 1.2 to > 2 m/day indicating presence of

potential groundwater zones at shallow depth. ERT images were compares with water

quality data and soil sample analyses for dilution factor and toxicity of soil. The results

further point out that avoiding surface contamination in the industrial area will maintain

groundwater quality in the Peenya Industrial Area. The high infiltration rates reported from

the industrial area on red soil indicate that the area is vulnerable for groundwater

contamination from liquid waste disposal from industries. There is no groundwater

contamination in the other part of the watershed.

16.0 Remedial Measures

� The industrial area should have a common effluent treatment plant (CETP) to

process the liquid/solid effluent generated from different industries and it is

recommended to set up a CETP in the industrial area for effluent treatment.

� Most of the wells in the industrial area need to be protected from surface water

contamination during rainy season through diversion of storm water runoff.

� Stagnation of storm water should be avoided in the industrial area otherwise it may

drive nascent elevated concentrations to the downstream areas.

� The wells which are containing total chromium, hexavalent chromium and other

heavy metals in the Industrial Area may be well protected and should not allow for

further use.

� No effluents should be allowing through open stream, which are ultimately joining to

the surface water bodies like Dasarhalli lake and Karihobanahalli lake.

� Industries should take proper precautions not to throw or dump any solid waste in the

open area.

� Periodical monitoring of groundwater quality for compliance and detection of

contaminant migration if any in the industrial area is suggested.

� It is imperative to order closing of unused open wells containing hexavalent

chromium in the industrial area by individual industries so as to prevent the industries

for using them in disposal of industrial waste water.

48

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Tab

le 1

Obs

erva

tion

wel

ls fo

r gr

ound

wat

er m

onito

ring

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re d

urin

g Ju

ly 2

016

Sl.

No.

W

ell

Typ

e Lo

catio

n La

titud

e 0 N

Lo

ngitu

de

E

DT

W

(m)

M.P

. (m

) D

TW

(b

gl)

Ele

vatio

n (a

msl

) (m

) D

TW

(a

msl

) (m

) P

1 B

W

Insi

de S

outh

ern

Ele

ctro

nic

Pvt

. Ltd

, Pha

se-

I 13

.042

5 77

.529

22

31.1

0.

25

30.8

5 92

5.13

89

4.28

P

2 B

W

Insi

de T

riven

i Tur

bine

s, P

hase

-I

13.0

4055

77

.527

72

21.4

5 0.

50

21.0

8 93

2.83

3 91

1.75

3 P

3 B

W

Insi

de H

ind

Hig

h V

accu

m P

vt. L

td, P

hase

-I

13.0

4127

77

.528

52

25.4

4 0.

48

25.2

2 92

6.07

5 90

0.85

5 P

4 B

W

Insi

de A

lufit

Indi

a P

vt. L

td, S

tage

-I

13.0

3130

77

.519

72

2.45

0

2.45

90

3.39

4 90

0.94

4 P

5 B

W

Insi

de K

arna

taka

Ban

k Lt

d, o

pp. J

ain

Tra

de C

ente

r, S

tage

-I

13.0

2980

77

.520

00

5.49

0.

50

5.04

90

4.43

9 89

9.39

9 P

6 B

W

Rep

lica

Xer

ogra

phy

Pvt

. Ltd

13

.030

44

77.5

1938

2.

91

0.53

2.

31

903.

214

900.

904

P7

BW

A

nglo

Fre

nch

Dru

gs &

Indu

strie

s P

vt. L

td, P

hase

-II

13.0

3111

77

.518

13

9.1

0.30

8.

6 91

0.26

90

1.66

P

8 B

W

Kar

nata

ka A

ntib

iotic

s &

Pha

rmac

eutic

al P

vt. L

td

13.0

3216

77

.510

66

18.7

9 1.

60

18.6

9 90

5.63

2 88

6.94

2 P

9 B

W

G.V

. Ent

erpr

ises

, Sta

ge-I

I 13

.034

48

77.5

0872

6.

88

0 6.

88

894.

147

887.

267

P10

B

W

Son

a E

ngin

eerin

g &

Fab

ricat

ion

Pvt

. Ltd

, Pha

se-I

I 13

.022

13

77.5

2308

21

.01

0.63

20

.15

911.

253

891.

103

P11

B

W

Uni

tex

App

arel

s P

vt. L

td. U

nit-

3, P

hase

-III

13.0

2305

77

.527

16

9.22

0

9.22

89

5.18

9 88

5.96

9 P

12

BW

N

isar

ga E

nter

pris

es, P

hase

-III

13

.022

72

77.5

2786

6.

5 0

5.9

895.

882

889.

982

P13

B

W

Tub

e S

tyle

Inte

grat

ed S

yste

m, P

hase

-III

13

.025

02

77.5

2697

15

.7

0 15

.7

910.

275

894.

575

P14

B

W

Gou

risha

nkar

Eng

inee

ring

Indu

strie

s, P

hase

-IV

13

.024

36

77.5

1311

14

.4

0.36

14

.4

914.

458

900.

058

P15

B

W

Pub

lic b

ore

wel

l nea

r A

.S. S

urfa

ce F

inis

hers

, Sta

ge-I

II 13

.016

58

77.5

0133

2.

63

0.20

2.

63

893.

531

890.

901

P16

B

W

SN

S In

dust

ries,

Sta

ge-I

II

13.0

1655

77

.500

97

2.98

0.

23

2.98

89

4.09

7 89

1.11

7 P

17

BW

A

luto

p In

dust

ries,

Sta

ge-I

II

13.0

1619

77

.500

63

3.1

0.80

3.

1 89

0.53

9 88

7.43

9 P

18

BW

H

otdi

p G

alva

nize

rs P

vt. L

td, S

tage

-II

13.0

1458

77

.502

97

7.81

0.

30

7.81

90

2.60

3 89

4.79

3 P

19

BW

B

andh

ari P

reci

sion

For

ging

s P

vt. L

td, S

tage

-II

13.0

1475

77

.503

36

9.12

0

8.74

89

1.55

2 88

2.81

2 P

20

BW

M

BS

Met

al F

inis

ers,

Sta

ge-I

II 13

.011

27

77.5

0311

3.

7 0.

36

3.55

90

5.49

6 90

1.94

6 P

21

BW

S

pect

roni

cs P

latin

g P

vt. L

td, S

tage

-II

13.0

1222

77

.503

8 8.

89

0.20

8.

89

926.

206

917.

316

P22

B

W

Bio

phar

ma

Dru

gs &

Pha

rmac

eutic

al P

vt. L

td, P

hase

-IV

13

.020

77

77.5

1069

18

0.

50

18

920.

545

902.

545

P23

B

W

Met

al s

torg

e sy

stem

pvt

ltd

phas

e-IV

13

.019

36

77.5

1277

18

.3

0.0

18.3

92

5.83

1 90

7.53

1 P

24

BW

K

otak

Urja

Pvt

. Ltd

, Pha

se-I

V

13.0

1969

77

.512

61

14.0

9 0.

52

14.0

9 91

8.00

4 90

3.91

4

Tab

le 1

Obs

erva

tion

wel

ls fo

r gr

ound

wat

er m

onito

ring

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re d

urin

g Ju

ly 2

016

(Con

t….)

Sl.

No.

W

ell

Typ

e Lo

catio

n La

titud

e 0 N

Lo

ngitu

de

E

DT

W

(m)

M.P

. (m

) D

TW

(b

gl)

Ele

vatio

n (a

msl

) (m

) D

TW

(a

msl

) (m

) P

25

BW

K

ongo

vi E

lect

roni

cs P

vt L

td

13.0

1963

77

.513

8 13

.3

0 13

.3

916.

239

902.

939

P26

B

W

Gar

den

City

Fas

hion

Pvt

Ltd

, Pha

se-I

V

13.0

2258

77

.511

02

10.3

0

10.3

90

4.66

3 89

4.36

3 P

27

BW

S

hree

Shi

va S

hakt

i She

kar

Indu

strie

s, IV

Pha

se

13.0

2077

77

.514

33

10.5

0

10.5

90

9.26

89

8.76

P

28

BW

W

ipro

Infr

astr

uctu

re E

ngin

eerin

g, P

hase

-I

13.0

3822

77

.524

63

8.98

0

8.74

90

7.97

7 89

9.23

7 P

29

BW

Jo

hn C

rane

sea

ling

Sys

tem

Indi

a P

vt. L

td, P

hase

-1

13.0

3863

77

.525

52

10.0

2 0.

70

10.0

2 90

6.10

3 89

6.08

3 P

30

BW

S

urin

Aut

omot

ive

Pvt

Ltd

13

.042

88

77.5

2513

15

.25

0 14

.93

913.

165

898.

235

P31

B

W

Pub

lic w

ell V

idya

Nag

ar b

ehin

d V

ijaya

Ban

k D

asar

halli

13

.042

02

77.5

1266

4.

82

0.03

4.

62

891.

532

886.

912

P32

B

W

Raj

agop

al N

agar

Pol

ice

Sta

tion

near

Sha

ni T

empl

e 13

.017

44

77.5

1363

18

.02

0.1

17.9

2 92

2.56

6 90

4.64

6 P

33

BW

R

ajag

opal

Nag

ar,2

nd c

ross

13

.016

05

77.5

1383

12

.44

0 12

.44

924.

694

912.

254

P34

B

W

Raj

agop

ala

Nag

ar n

ear

Dug

gala

mm

a T

empl

e 6t

h cr

oss

13.0

1197

77

.513

72

0 0

0 89

8.92

9 89

8.92

9 P

35

BW

In

dian

Oil

Pet

rol P

ump,

Nan

dini

Lay

out Y

eshw

antp

ura

13

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02

77.5

3838

20

.3

0 20

.3

887.

772

867.

472

P36

B

W

Kar

ihob

anah

alli

villa

ge n

ear

Vis

hnu

Nila

ya

13.0

1875

77

.494

55

32.1

5 0.

63

31.5

2 89

3.62

8 86

2.10

8 P

37

BW

T

higa

lara

paly

a ne

ar n

ew S

ri K

rishn

a B

hava

ni s

wee

t &

Bak

ery

13.0

1558

77

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08

20.7

0 20

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88

6.05

3

865.

353

P

38

BW

In

fron

t of G

ovt P

rimar

y S

choo

l, K

arih

oban

ahal

li 13

.024

22

77.4

8516

22

.08

0.3

21.7

8 88

3.92

3 86

2.14

3 P

39

BW

A

ndra

halli

vill

age

near

Shi

va S

hakt

i Nila

ya in

fron

t 13

.005

55

77.4

8555

50

.75

0.8

49.9

5 90

4.00

5 85

4.05

5 P

40

BW

H

eroh

alli

villa

ge o

pp A

njen

eyul

a T

empl

e ne

ar B

BM

P O

ffice

12

.990

27

77.4

8713

35

.75

0.2

35.5

5 88

9.44

85

3.89

P

41

BW

N

eelg

iri T

hop

Bus

Sta

nd, H

egga

naha

lli,o

pp D

iksh

a C

reat

ions

12

.995

77

77.5

0208

30

.2

0

30.2

916.

279

88

6.07

9

P42

B

W

11th

cro

ss o

pp. N

anju

ndes

war

a S

tore

, Srig

andh

a N

agar

13

.003

97

77.5

098

9.11

0

9.11

93

0.06

8 92

0.95

8 P

43

BW

O

pp. L

ords

Met

al F

inis

hers

, Dod

dann

a In

dust

rial E

stat

e

13.0

0697

77

.510

77

8.2

0 8.

2 91

3.33

3 90

5.13

3 P

44

BW

In

fron

t of G

RD

Pun

chin

g S

yste

m, A

ndhr

ahal

li m

ain

road

ne

ar S

hush

ruth

i Ban

k op

p S

.S. E

ngin

eerin

g 13

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69

77.5

0008

21

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0.

5 20

.64

91

1.52

7

890.

887

P

45

BW

O

pp. S

.S M

ech

Tec

h, B

yare

sh In

dust

ries

Are

a 13

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58

77.4

9563

39

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0 39

.25

918.

348

879.

098

P46

B

W

I Blu

e C

hip

indu

strie

s, N

adke

rapp

a In

dust

rial E

stat

e, O

pp to

H

indu

stan

t N

u-T

ech

Fee

ds

13.0

0297

77

.495

77

30.5

5

0.1

30.4

5

906.

927

87

6.47

7

Tab

le 2

Obs

erva

tion

wel

ls fo

r gr

ound

wat

er m

onito

ring

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re d

urin

g Ja

nuar

y, 2

017

Sl.

No.

W

ell

Typ

e Lo

catio

n La

titud

e 0 N

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

DT

W

(m)

MP

(m

) D

TW

(b

gl)

Ele

vatio

n (a

msl

)(m

) D

TW

(a

msl

) (m

) P

1 B

W

Insi

de S

outh

ern

Ele

ctro

nic

Pvt

. Ltd

, Pha

se-

I 13

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5 77

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22

38.4

0 0.

25

38.1

5 92

5.13

88

6.98

P

2 B

W

Insi

de T

riven

i Tur

bine

s, P

hase

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13.0

4055

77

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72

30.3

5 0.

50

29.8

5 93

2.83

3 90

2.98

3 P

3 B

W

Insi

de H

ind

Hig

h V

accu

m P

vt. L

td, P

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13.0

4127

77

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52

28.9

3 0.

48

28.4

5 92

6.07

5 89

7.62

5 P

4 B

W

Insi

de A

lufit

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a P

vt. L

td, S

tage

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13.0

313

77.5

1972

5.

42

0 5.

42

903.

394

903.

394

P5

BW

In

side

Kar

nata

ka B

ank

Ltd,

opp

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n T

rade

Cen

ter,

Sta

ge -

I 13

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8 77

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00

7.20

0.

50

6.7

904.

439

897.

739

P6

BW

R

eplic

a X

erog

raph

y P

vt. L

td

13.0

3044

77

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38

5.69

0.

53

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90

3.21

4 89

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4 P

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Ang

lo F

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& In

dust

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Pvt

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910.

26

906.

11

P8

BW

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arna

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13

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16

77.5

1066

19

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1.60

17

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905.

632

888.

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BW

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nter

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77

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72

7.80

0

7.80

89

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ona

Eng

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& F

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13.0

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77

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9.48

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BW

U

nite

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ppar

els

Pvt

. Ltd

. Uni

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Pha

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77.5

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11

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189

883.

349

P12

B

W

Nis

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Ent

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13.0

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77

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86

8.70

0

8.70

89

5.88

2 88

7.18

2 P

13

BW

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Sty

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Sys

tem

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0.27

5 89

1.62

5 P

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BW

G

ouris

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ar E

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Pha

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13.0

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77

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11

17.1

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4.45

8 89

7.62

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P

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ear

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face

Fin

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13.0

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77

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33

5.40

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20

5.20

89

3.53

1 88

8.33

1 P

16

BW

S

NS

Indu

strie

s, S

tage

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13

.016

55

77.5

0097

3.

80

0.23

3.

57

894.

097

890.

527

P17

B

W

Alu

top

Indu

strie

s, S

tage

-III

13

.016

19

77.5

0063

18

.90

0.80

18

.10

890.

539

872.

439

P18

B

W

Hot

dip

Gal

vani

zers

Pvt

. Ltd

, Sta

ge-I

I 13

.014

58

77.5

0297

8.

90

0.30

8.

60

902.

603

894.

003

P19

B

W

Ban

dhar

i Pre

cisi

on F

orgi

ngs

Pvt

. Ltd

, Sta

ge-I

I 13

.014

75

77.5

0336

10

.70

0 10

.70

891.

552

880.

852

P20

B

W

MB

S M

etal

Fin

ishe

rs, S

tage

-III

13

.011

27

77.5

0311

5.

60

0.36

5.

24

905.

496

900.

256

P21

B

W

Spe

ctro

nics

Pla

ting

Pvt

. Ltd

, Sta

ge-I

I 13

.012

22

77.5

0380

8.

73

0.20

8.

53

926.

206

917.

676

P22

B

W

Bio

phar

ma

Dru

gs &

Pha

rmac

eutic

al P

vt. L

td, P

hase

-IV

13

.020

77

77.5

1069

21

.50

0.50

21

.00

920.

545

899.

545

P23

B

W

Met

al s

torg

e sy

stem

Pvt

Ltd

pha

se-I

V

13.0

1936

77

.512

77

17.9

6 0.

0 17

.96

925.

831

907.

871

P24

B

W

Kot

ak U

rja P

vt. L

td, P

hase

-IV

13

.019

69

77.5

1261

17

.70

0.52

17

.18

918.

004

900.

824

P25

B

W

Kon

govi

Ele

ctro

nics

Pvt

Ltd

13

.019

63

77.5

138

17.4

0 0

17.4

0 91

6.23

9 89

8.83

9 P

26

BW

G

arde

n C

ity F

ashi

on P

vt L

td, P

hase

-IV

13

.022

58

77.5

1102

7 11

.55

0.20

11

.35

904.

663

893.

313

Tab

le 2

Obs

erva

tion

wel

ls fo

r gr

ound

wat

er m

onito

ring

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re

durin

g Ja

nuar

y, 2

017

(Con

t…)

Sl.

No.

W

ell

Typ

e Lo

catio

n La

titud

e 0 N

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

DT

W

(m)

MP

(m

) D

TW

(b

gl)(

m)

Ele

vatio

n (a

msl

)(m

) D

TW

(a

msl

)(m

) P

27

BW

S

hree

Shi

va S

hakt

i She

kar

Indu

strie

s, 3

44-I

V P

hase

9th

cro

ss

13.0

2077

77

.514

33

12.9

0 0.

20

12.7

0 90

9.26

89

6.56

P

28

BW

W

ipro

Infr

astr

uctu

re E

ngin

eerin

g, P

hase

-I

13.0

3822

77

.524

63

10.6

2 0.

20

10.4

2 90

7.97

7 89

7.55

7 P

29

BW

Jo

hn C

rane

sea

ling

Sys

tem

Indi

a P

vt. L

td, P

hase

-1

13.0

3863

77

.525

52

12.3

5 0.

10

12.2

5 90

6.10

3 89

3.85

3 P

30

BW

S

urin

Aut

omot

ive

Pvt

Ltd

13

.042

88

77.5

2513

19

.20

0.30

18

.9

913.

165

894.

265

P31

B

W

Pub

lic w

ell V

idya

Nag

ar b

ehin

d V

ijaya

Ban

k D

asar

halli

,3rd

cro

ss

13.0

4202

77

.512

66

5.59

0.

36

5.23

89

1.53

2 88

6.30

2 P

32

BW

R

ajag

opal

Nag

ar P

olic

e S

tatio

n ne

ar S

hani

Tem

ple

13.0

1744

77

.513

63

21.1

1 0

21.1

1 92

2.56

6 90

1.45

6 P

33

BW

R

ajag

opal

Nag

ar,2

nd c

ross

13

.016

05

77.5

1383

20

.64

0 20

.64

924.

694

904.

054

P34

B

W

Raj

agop

ala

Nag

ar n

ear

Dug

gala

mm

a T

empl

e 6t

h cr

oss

13.0

1197

77

.513

72

0.20

0

0.20

89

8.92

9 89

8.72

9 P

35

BW

In

dian

Oil

Pet

rol P

ump,

Nan

dini

Lay

out Y

eshw

antp

ura

13

.020

02

77.5

3838

24

.50

0 24

.50

887.

772

863.

272

P36

B

W

Kar

ihob

anah

alli

villa

ge n

ear

Vis

hnu

Nila

ya

13.0

1875

77

.494

55

40.2

0 0.

70

39.5

89

3.62

8 85

4.12

8 P

37

BW

T

higa

lara

paly

a ne

ar n

ew S

ri K

rishn

a B

hava

ni s

wee

t & B

aker

y 13

.015

58

77.4

8508

26

.05

0 26

.05

886.

053

860.

003

P38

B

W

In fr

ont o

f Gov

t Prim

ary

Sch

ool,

Kar

ihob

anah

alli

13.0

2422

77

.485

16

26.2

8 0.

03

26.2

5 88

3.92

3 85

7.67

3 P

39

BW

A

ndra

halli

vill

age

near

Shi

va S

hakt

i Nila

ya in

fron

t 13

.005

55

77.4

8555

56

.75

0.60

56

.15

904.

005

847.

855

P40

B

W

Her

ohal

li vi

llage

opp

Anj

eney

ula

Tem

ple

near

BB

MP

Offi

ce

12.9

9027

77

.487

13

41.6

3 0

41.6

3 88

9.44

84

7.81

P

41

BW

N

eelg

iri T

hop

Bus

Sta

nd, H

egga

naha

lli,o

pp D

iksh

a C

reat

ions

12

.995

77

77.5

0208

36

.00

0.04

35

.96

916.

279

880.

319

P42

B

W

11th

cro

ss o

pp. N

anju

ndes

war

a S

tore

, Srig

andh

a N

agar

13

.003

97

77.5

098

8.56

0

8.56

93

0.06

8 92

1.50

8 P

43

BW

O

pp. L

ords

Met

al F

inis

hers

, Dod

dann

a In

dust

rial E

stat

e

13.0

0697

77

.510

77

10.1

1 0.

30

9.81

91

3.33

3 90

3.52

3 P

44

BW

In

fron

t of G

RD

Pun

chin

g S

yste

m, A

ndhr

ahal

li m

ain

road

nea

r S

hush

ruth

i Ban

k op

p S

.S. E

ngin

eerin

g 13

.008

694

77.5

0008

24

.61

0.56

24

.05

911.

527

88

7.47

7

P45

B

W

Opp

. S.S

Mec

h T

ech,

Bya

resh

Indu

strie

s A

rea

13.0

0758

77

.495

63

46.2

3 0

46.2

3 91

8.34

8 87

2.11

8 P

46

BW

I B

lue

Chi

p in

dust

ries,

Nad

kera

ppa

Indu

stria

l Est

ate,

Opp

to

Hin

dust

ant

Nu-

Tec

h F

eeds

13

.002

97

77.4

9577

39

.46

0.20

39

.26

906.

927

86

7.66

7

P47

B

W

Bes

ide

A1

Mut

ton

stal

l, ne

ar to

veh

icle

ser

vice

sta

tion,

Ruk

imin

i na

gar,

Nag

asan

dra

13.0

4213

77.5

0465

13.2

1 0.

60

12.6

1

889.

209

87

6.59

9

P48

B

W

Nan

japp

a,#6

9,5t

h cr

oss,

Ruk

imin

i nag

ara,

Nag

asan

dra

post

13

.041

8 77

.503

34

6.36

0.

10

6.26

88

0.44

4 87

4.18

4 P

49

BW

A

lank

ar E

nter

pris

es, G

arm

ents

pro

cess

ors,

#12/

A, B

elm

ar

Indu

stria

l Est

ate,

Nag

asan

dra.

13

.038

21

77.5

0636

8.18

0.10

8.

08

894.

115

886.

035

Tab

le 3

Obs

erva

tion

wel

ls fo

r gr

ound

wat

er m

onito

ring

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re

durin

g A

ugus

t, 20

17

Sl.

No.

W

ell

Typ

e Lo

catio

n La

titud

e 0 N

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

DT

W

(m

) M

P

(m)

DT

W

(bgl

) (m

) E

leva

tion

(am

sl)(

m)

DT

W

(am

sl)(

m)

P1

BW

In

side

Sou

ther

n E

lect

roni

c P

vt. L

td, P

hase

- I

13.0

425

77.5

2922

36

.25

0.25

36

92

5.13

88

9.13

P

2 B

W

Insi

de T

riven

i Tur

bine

s, P

hase

-I

13.0

4055

77

.527

72

35.1

5 0.

50

34.6

5 93

2.83

3 89

8.18

3 P

3 B

W

Insi

de H

ind

Hig

h V

accu

m P

vt. L

td, P

hase

-I

13.0

4127

77

.528

52

27.2

7 0.

48

26.7

9 92

6.07

5 89

9.28

5 P

4 B

W

Insi

de A

lufit

Indi

a P

vt. L

td, S

tage

-I

13.0

313

77.5

1972

9.

81

0 9.

81

903.

394

893.

584

P5

BW

In

side

Kar

nata

ka B

ank

Ltd,

opp

. Jai

n T

rade

13

.029

8 77

.52

10.7

8 0.

50

10.2

8 90

4.43

9 89

4.15

9 P

6 B

W

Rep

lica

Xer

ogra

phy

Pvt

. Ltd

13

.030

44

77.5

1938

10

.60

0.53

10

.07

903.

214

893.

144

P7

BW

A

nglo

Fre

nch

Dru

gs &

Indu

strie

s P

vt. L

td, P

hase

II 13

.031

11

77.5

1813

16

.43

0.30

16

.13

910.

26

894.

13

P8

BW

K

arna

taka

Ant

ibio

tics

& P

harm

aceu

tical

Pvt

. Ltd

13

.032

16

77.5

1066

25

.40

1.60

23

.8

905.

632

881.

832

P9

BW

G

.V. E

nter

pris

es, S

tage

-II

13.0

3448

77

.508

72

9.55

0

9.55

89

4.14

7 88

4.59

7 P

10

BW

S

ona

Eng

inee

ring

& F

abric

atio

n P

vt. L

td, P

hase

-II

13.0

2213

77

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08

28.5

8 0.

63

27.9

5 91

1.25

3 88

3.30

3 P

11

BW

U

nite

x A

ppar

els

Pvt

. Ltd

. Uni

t-3,

Pha

se-I

II 13

.023

05

77.5

2716

13

.88

0 13

.88

895.

189

881.

309

P12

B

W

Nis

arga

Ent

erpr

ises

, Pha

se-I

II

13.0

2272

77

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86

10.6

9 0

10.6

9 89

5.88

2 88

5.19

2 P

13

BW

T

ube

Sty

le In

tegr

ated

Sys

tem

, Pha

se -

III

13.0

2502

77

.526

97

22.0

5 0

22.0

5 91

0.27

5 88

8.22

5 P

14

BW

G

ouris

hank

ar E

ngin

eerin

g In

dust

ries,

Pha

se-I

V

13.0

2436

77

.513

11

22.3

0 0.

36

21.9

4 91

4.45

8 89

2.51

8 P

15

BW

P

ublic

bor

e w

ell n

ear

A.S

. Sur

face

Fin

ishe

rs,

13.0

1658

77

.501

33

5.14

0.

20

4.94

89

3.53

1 88

8.59

1 P

16

BW

S

NS

Indu

strie

s, S

tage

-III

13

.016

55

77.5

0097

4.

82

0.23

4.

59

894.

097

889.

507

P17

B

W

Alu

top

Indu

strie

s, S

tage

-III

13

.016

19

77.5

0063

5.

30

0.80

4.

5 89

0.53

9 88

6.03

9 P

18

BW

H

otdi

p G

alva

nize

rs P

vt. L

td, S

tage

-II

13.0

1458

77

.502

97

9.40

0.

30

9.1

902.

603

893.

503

P19

B

W

Ban

dhar

i Pre

cisi

on F

orgi

ngs

Pvt

. Ltd

, Sta

ge-I

I 13

.014

75

77.5

0336

10

.63

0 10

.63

891.

552

880.

922

P20

B

W

MB

S M

etal

Fin

iser

s, S

tage

-III

13.0

1127

77

.503

11

4.87

0.

36

4.51

90

5.49

6 90

0.98

6 P

21

BW

S

pect

roni

cs P

latin

g P

vt. L

td, S

tage

-II&

(H

igh

spee

d m

achi

ning

In

dia

Pvt

Ltd

.)

13.0

1222

77

.503

8 10

.80

0.20

10

.6

92

6.20

6

915.

606

P

22

BW

B

ioph

arm

a D

rugs

& P

harm

aceu

tical

Pvt

. Ltd

, 13

.020

77

77.5

106

30.7

0 0.

50

30.2

92

0.54

5 89

0.34

5 P

23

BW

M

etal

sto

rge

syst

em p

vt lt

d ph

ase-

IV

13.0

1936

77

.512

7 25

.13

0 25

.13

925.

831

900.

701

P24

B

W

Kot

ak U

rja P

vt. L

td, P

hase

-IV

13

.019

69

77.5

126

22.6

8 0.

52

22.1

6 91

8.00

4 89

5.84

4 P

25

BW

K

ongo

vi E

lect

roni

cs P

vt L

td

13.0

1963

77

.513

8 21

.77

0 21

.77

916.

239

894.

469

P26

B

W

Gar

den

City

Fas

hion

Pvt

Ltd

, Pha

se-I

V

13.0

2258

77

.511

02

17.6

8 0.

20

17.4

8 90

4.66

3 88

7.18

3

Tab

le 3

Obs

erva

tion

wel

ls fo

r gr

ound

wat

er m

onito

ring

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re

durin

g A

ugus

t, 20

17 (

Con

t….)

Sl.

No.

W

ell

Typ

e Lo

catio

n La

titud

e 0 N

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

DT

W

(m

) M

P

(m)

DT

W

(bgl

) (m

) E

leva

tion

(am

sl)(

m)

DT

W

(am

sl)(

m)

P27

B

W

Shr

ee S

hiva

Sha

kti S

heka

r In

dust

ries,

344

-IV

13

.020

77

77.5

1433

21

.85

0.20

21

.65

909.

26

887.

61

P28

B

W

Wip

ro In

fras

truc

ture

Eng

inee

ring,

Pha

se-I

13

.038

22

77.5

2463

16

.22

0.20

16

.02

907.

977

891.

957

P29

B

W

John

Cra

ne s

ealin

g S

yste

m In

dia

Pvt

.Ltd

, Pha

se-1

13

.038

63

77.5

2552

18

.01

0.10

17

.91

906.

103

888.

193

P30

B

W

Sur

in A

utom

otiv

e P

vt L

td

13.0

4288

77

.525

13

21.4

3 0.

30

21.1

3 91

3.16

5 89

2.03

5 P

31

BW

P

ublic

wel

l Vid

ya N

agar

beh

ind

Vija

ya B

ank

Das

arha

lli

13.0

4202

77

.512

66

6.21

0.

36

5.85

89

1.53

2 88

5.68

2 P

32

BW

R

ajag

opal

Nag

ar P

olic

e S

tatio

n ne

ar S

hani

Tem

ple

13.0

1744

77

.513

63

25.3

6 0

25.3

6 92

2.56

6 89

7.20

6 P

33

BW

R

ajag

opal

Nag

ar,2

nd c

ross

13

.016

05

77.5

1383

18

.67

0 18

.67

924.

694

906.

024

P34

B

W

Raj

agop

ala

Nag

ar n

ear

Dug

gala

mm

a T

empl

e 6t

h cr

oss

13.0

1197

77

.513

72

0.20

0

0.2

898.

929

898.

729

P35

B

W

Indi

an O

il P

etro

l Pum

p, N

andi

ni L

ayou

t Yes

hwan

tpur

a

13.0

2002

77

.538

38

23.6

8 0

23.6

8 88

7.77

2 86

4.09

2 P

36

BW

K

arih

oban

ahal

li vi

llage

nea

r V

ishn

u N

ilaya

13

.018

75

77.4

9455

41

.23

0.70

40

.53

893.

628

853.

098

P37

B

W

Thi

gala

rapa

lya

near

new

Sri

Kris

hna

Bha

vani

sw

eet &

B

aker

y 13

.015

58

77.4

8508

27

.55

0 27

.55

88

6.05

3

858.

503

P

38

BW

In

fron

t of G

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rlour

, 1st

mai

n, A

mra

vati

Layo

ut, N

agas

andr

a po

st, P

eeny

a in

dust

rial.

Tab

le 5

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Maj

or Io

ns in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

July

201

6

A

ll va

lues

in m

g/l e

xcep

t pH

and

EC

(µ

S/c

m)

Sl.

N

o.

Latit

ude

0 N

Long

itude

0 E

pH

E

C

TD

S

Na

K

Ca

Mg

SO

4 N

O3

Cl

F

HC

O3

P1

13.0

425

77.5

2922

6.

57

1231

80

0 52

.10

6.50

12

3 30

.99

51.3

6 11

4.90

21

8 0.

70

148.

84

P2

13.0

4055

77

.527

72

7.01

24

15

1570

71

.20

8.90

69

26

2.00

49

.91

44.9

0 65

2 0.

82

370.

88

P3

13.0

4127

77

.528

52

7.07

18

46

1200

60

.00

7.20

11

5 14

7.38

48

.00

140.

30

448

1.96

18

9.08

P

4 13

.041

86

77.5

2505

7.

07

2308

15

00

73.7

0 6.

80

194

115.

00

50.9

8 11

3.90

61

1 0.

80

239.

12

P5

13.0

313

77.5

1972

8.

03

923

600

51.7

0 4.

50

72

22.3

0 58

.19

46.0

0 10

2 0.

65

219.

60

P6

13.0

298

77.5

2 6.

42

2077

13

50

79.6

0 11

.30

162

90.0

2 80

.82

37.5

0 50

3 0.

77

305.

00

P7

13.0

3044

77

.519

38

7.38

87

7 57

0 75

.70

4.80

63

0.

90

42.5

4 11

6.60

58

1.

99

158.

60

P8

13.0

3016

77

.519

36

7.00

18

92

1230

89

.00

11.3

0 97

11

3.76

57

.69

70.6

0 49

2 0.

93

248.

00

P9

13.0

3111

77

.518

13

6.73

19

69

1280

63

.90

8.50

72

18

9.00

59

.03

56.9

0 40

4 0.

94

368.

44

P10

13

.032

16

77.5

1066

7.

28

2462

16

00

81.3

0 5.

70

409

19.0

0 81

.82

21.0

0 42

4 0.

83

512.

40

P11

13

.034

48

77.5

0872

7.

02

2000

13

00

114.

00

6.20

19

2 57

.00

61.5

9 19

6.50

55

6 0.

80

78.0

8 P

12

13.0

2213

77

.523

08

6.72

25

38

1650

75

.40

10.6

0 38

7 44

.12

61.2

4 18

8.80

48

5 0.

44

353.

80

P13

13

.023

05

77.5

2716

6.

65

3231

21

00

151.

40

9.70

72

31

5.24

71

.70

112.

20

851

0.84

40

7.48

P

14

13.0

2261

77

.527

05

6.45

49

23

3200

15

7.00

18

.40

561

204.

00

495.

00

461.

00

825

0.86

35

6.00

P

15

13.0

2272

77

.527

86

6.92

34

62

2250

12

6.70

7.

00

521

48.2

7 97

.08

184.

80

709

0.64

47

8.24

P

16

13.0

2383

77

.526

94

6.96

24

92

1620

18

5.00

18

.80

256

24.0

0 68

.23

99.2

0 51

9 1.

99

392.

84

P17

13

.025

02

77.5

2697

6.

87

2062

13

40

74.9

0 4.

50

240

48.3

7 60

.60

115.

30

289

0.65

42

2.12

P

18

13.0

2436

77

.513

11

7.06

26

77

1740

62

.60

18.4

0 39

3 89

.06

63.7

3 19

1.40

70

9 1.

11

152.

00

P19

13

.024

36

77.5

0958

6.

97

2538

16

50

71.0

0 10

.70

421

19.8

5 75

.44

98.5

0 44

4 1.

00

453.

84

P20

13

.016

58

77.5

0133

7.

10

2338

15

20

83.5

0 9.

40

281

41.0

0 70

.63

269.

00

472

0.78

23

9.12

P

21

13.0

163

77.5

0116

7.

67

2031

13

20

99.8

0 23

.60

77

118.

64

69.2

2 16

8.00

18

0 0.

82

524.

60

P22

13

.016

55

77.5

0097

7.

11

2923

19

00

91.9

0 9.

00

183

228.

49

234.

00

170.

90

567

1.96

35

1.36

Tab

le 5

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Maj

or Io

ns in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

July

201

6 (C

ont..

.)

A

ll va

lues

in m

g/l e

xcep

t pH

and

EC

(µ

S/c

m)

Sl.

N

o.

Latit

ude

0 N

Long

itude

0 E

pH

E

C

TD

S

Na

K

Ca

Mg

SO

4 N

O3

Cl

F

HC

O3

P23

13

.016

19

77.5

0063

7.

25

3846

25

00

217.

00

11.0

0 54

1 49

.83

398.

00

133.

20

709

0.76

37

0.88

P

24

13.0

1569

77

.502

58

7.28

29

23

1900

18

3.50

7.

10

276

64.9

9 71

.32

153.

00

709

0.41

39

5.28

P

25

13.0

1458

77

.502

97

7.08

23

54

1530

96

.00

6.70

31

5 40

.58

75.0

6 10

7.30

44

2 0.

78

392.

84

P26

13

.015

88

77.5

0336

6.

92

2154

14

00

75.4

0 9.

60

235

66.9

9 40

.67

146.

30

383

0.89

37

8.20

P

27

13.0

1475

77

.503

36

6.97

20

31

1320

77

.20

5.10

23

0 67

.00

64.0

7 17

5.50

31

2 1.

94

353.

80

P28

13

.014

36

77.5

0341

6.

85

2923

19

00

81.9

0 5.

10

414

95.8

5 63

.04

101.

60

696

0.53

36

6.00

P

29

13.0

1286

77

.502

86

6.85

29

23

1900

19

4.30

14

.80

263

65.0

0 86

.36

173.

10

527

0.94

49

4.00

P

30

13.0

1127

77

.503

11

6.86

32

31

2100

94

.30

11.8

0 38

9 12

4.00

88

.27

282.

00

615

0.82

42

7.00

P

31

13.0

1222

77

.503

8 6.

90

2615

17

00

114.

00

9.60

16

5 11

3.67

72

.24

168.

60

439

0.87

53

6.80

P

32

13.0

2077

77

.510

69

7.23

23

08

1500

52

.00

1.40

10

4 23

8.32

64

.76

140.

30

462

0.86

40

2.60

P

33

13.0

1936

77

.512

77

6.91

20

00

1300

13

8.00

5.

20

207

18.2

4 57

.96

176.

80

383

1.08

24

1.00

P

34

13.0

1969

77

.512

61

6.99

26

15

1700

10

6.00

8.

00

290

71.0

0 59

.30

220.

00

566

0.91

32

2.08

P

35

13.0

1963

77

.513

8 6.

94

2769

18

00

77.0

0 6.

00

292

99.8

9 81

.93

294.

00

510

0.71

39

0.40

P

36

13.0

1933

77

.514

02

7.94

34

00

2210

10

3.30

13

.80

316

215.

00

196.

00

187.

00

754

0.73

38

2.00

P

37

13.0

2258

77

.511

027

7.32

22

00

1430

11

2.00

12

.10

189

62.0

6 67

.39

199.

70

364

0.98

37

5.76

P

38

13.0

2186

77

.512

61

7.16

20

62

1340

57

.40

15.8

0 16

7 91

.28

54.4

9 78

.30

495

0.91

32

2.16

P

39

13.0

2077

77

.514

33

6.81

33

54

2180

78

.80

9.40

45

2 97

.75

102.

89

232.

00

709

0.99

42

7.00

P

40

13.0

3822

77

.524

63

7.05

18

46

1200

72

.00

6.50

19

3 64

.00

63.3

8 12

2.60

22

8 0.

80

351.

36

P41

13

.038

88

77.5

2394

7.

43

2000

13

00

63.5

0 40

.30

188

59.2

6 61

.24

161.

00

403

0.65

27

8.16

P

42

13.0

3863

77

.525

52

7.21

14

15

920

69.2

0 5.

50

50

81.6

9 7.

31

71.4

0 19

3 1.

93

373.

32

P43

13

.042

88

77.5

2513

6.

75

1538

10

00

91.0

0 5.

20

120

41.7

0 48

.23

135.

70

336

0.86

14

8.84

P

44

13.0

391

77.5

1314

7.

38

2015

13

10

62.8

0 20

.10

209

89.0

0 58

.27

117.

50

581

1.03

12

4.44

Tab

le 5

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Maj

or Io

ns in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

July

201

6 (C

ont..

..)

A

ll va

lues

in m

g/l e

xcep

t pH

and

EC

(µ

S/c

m)

Sl.

N

o.

Latit

ude

0 N

Long

itude

0 E

pH

E

C

TD

S

Na

K

Ca

Mg

SO

4 N

O3

Cl

F

HC

O3

P45

13

.042

02

77.5

1266

6.

35

1385

90

0 82

.50

3.70

89

36

.89

38.9

9 50

.60

201

1.93

30

5.00

P

46

13.0

1744

77

.513

63

7.02

15

69

1020

50

.30

6.70

96

10

6.94

61

.74

94.5

0 42

0 0.

70

131.

00

P47

13

.016

333

77.5

1427

7.

20

1262

82

0 69

.60

1.90

87

31

.00

49.7

2 11

2.30

12

3 1.

84

258.

00

P48

13

.011

97

77.5

1372

7.

00

1692

11

00

103.

00

7.40

94

67

.09

38.0

0 15

4.00

19

4 1.

97

351.

40

P49

13

.020

02

77.5

3838

6.

95

1846

12

00

73.7

0 3.

90

253

3.59

61

.74

134.

40

321

0.80

27

8.00

P

50

13.0

1811

1 77

.543

19

7.31

13

85

900

71.8

0 9.

40

109

54.3

7 51

.55

60.2

0 24

1 0.

70

192.

00

P51

13

.019

63

77.5

5152

6.

83

1692

11

00

53.0

0 10

.80

142

93.0

0 53

.61

106.

90

241

1.04

34

8.92

P

52

13.0

2083

77

.493

94

7.73

24

92

1620

10

9.30

26

.50

164

128.

39

66.0

9 10

2.90

68

7 0.

97

293.

00

P53

13

.018

75

77.4

9455

7.

95

2769

18

00

82.7

0 14

.70

356

52.1

2 63

.00

63.4

0 70

9 1.

03

378.

00

P54

13

.015

58

77.4

8508

7.

87

2846

18

50

79.7

0 7.

50

131

260.

00

67.8

5 24

4.00

65

5 0.

96

344.

04

P55

13

.024

22

77.4

8516

7.

22

2154

14

00

177.

00

13.3

0 18

4 59

.14

1.59

74

.70

512

1.93

29

7.68

P

56

13.0

0555

77

.485

55

7.17

23

85

1550

85

.00

18.4

0 22

9 12

9.16

66

.78

114.

90

583

0.78

28

5.00

P

57

12.9

9027

77

.487

13

6.85

18

77

1220

72

.20

16.5

0 16

1 53

.00

64.9

5 10

8.60

30

5 1.

05

307.

00

P58

12

.990

33

77.4

9102

7.

24

1231

80

0 61

.60

23.9

0 72

37

.87

62.2

4 33

.60

194

0.95

18

3.00

P

59

12.9

9577

77

.502

08

6.85

13

85

900

50.8

0 13

.50

96

65.0

9 54

.11

210.

00

242

1.05

12

2.00

P

60

13.0

0397

77

.509

8 7.

30

1846

12

00

78.2

0 13

.80

216

44.0

0 61

.74

156.

80

269

0.96

30

2.00

P

61

13.0

0697

77

.510

77

6.89

29

23

1900

63

.30

14.5

0 13

8 26

8.45

66

.21

246.

00

984

0.56

53

.68

P62

13

.009

86

77.5

0561

7.

13

1692

11

00

63.1

0 7.

30

137

101.

00

56.4

0 18

9.20

31

9 0.

84

191.

00

P63

13

.008

694

77.5

0008

7.

59

2492

16

20

75.8

0 12

.50

255

120.

00

63.6

9 17

2.10

44

7 0.

80

439.

20

P64

13

.007

58

77.4

9563

7.

32

2000

13

00

88.0

0 10

.60

229

26.0

0 65

.02

181.

00

385

0.66

22

9.00

P

65

13.0

0297

77

.495

77

7.25

20

31

1320

63

.70

15.3

0 18

6 10

7.00

57

.77

247.

00

342

0.98

24

5.00

Tab

le 6

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Maj

or Io

ns in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

Janu

ary

2017

Sl.

No.

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

Latit

ude

0 N

pH

E

C

TD

S

Na

K

Ca

Mg

SO

4 N

O3

Cl

F

HC

O3

P1

77.5

2922

13

.042

5 6.

7 72

0 60

0 40

.4

4.3

128.

30

14.4

2 27

.15

30.8

9 12

3.65

0.

52

126.

9

P2

77.5

2772

13

.040

55

6.8

1220

10

00

66.1

5.

5 15

6.35

75

.21

47.5

1 16

.29

467.

4 0.

51

126.

9

P3

77.5

2852

13

.041

27

6.6

1320

90

0 76

.7

4.6

156.

35

48.4

5 46

.77

48.7

4 22

3.05

0.

86

187.

9

P4

77.5

2505

13

.041

86

7.1

1360

10

00

101.

7 4.

7 14

8.34

28

.99

36.3

2 38

.12

297.

6 0.

64

230.

6

P5

77.5

1972

13

.031

3 6.

5 60

0 52

0 47

.1

3.6

62.1

8 53

.42

38.7

0 83

.46

49.1

1.

01

145.

2

P6

77.5

2 13

.029

8 7.

0 19

20

1250

13

2.3

6.4

252.

54

38.6

0 80

.92

6.65

42

5.4

0.21

15

7.4

P7

77.5

1938

13

.030

44

7.7

580

500

42.8

4.

1 10

8.26

33

.91

46.4

4 22

.84

45.5

5 0.

31

133

P8

77.5

1936

13

.030

16

7.0

1580

97

0 10

4.9

7.5

140.

32

80.1

0 52

.72

17.5

0 35

7.95

0.

51

151.

3

P9

77.5

1813

13

.031

11

6.9

1020

80

0 76

.2

4.6

120.

28

29.0

3 57

.15

14.7

4 19

8.2

0.55

22

4.5

P10

77

.510

66

13.0

3216

6.

7 16

20

1100

12

1.5

9.4

176.

39

38.6

9 80

.44

44.1

0 40

2.87

1.

05

120.

8

P11

77

.508

72

13.0

3448

7.

1 12

40

750

81.5

11

12

8.30

26

.58

80.9

1 39

.67

180.

45

1.34

13

9.1

P12

77

.523

08

13.0

2213

6.

8 20

60

1250

11

2.9

7.6

304.

65

16.6

4 80

.72

121.

76

411.

2 1.

43

126.

9

P13

77

.527

16

13.0

2305

5.

4 10

060

6600

36

8 12

.8

1583

.20

1092

.94

90.5

8 11

.33

3251

2.

16

41.5

P14

77

.527

05

13.0

2261

4.

2 95

80

6300

35

7.3

12.3

14

43.1

2 10

02.2

9 16

2.63

30

.27

3026

2.

26

150

P15

77

.527

86

13.0

2272

6.

8 34

00

2250

25

3.1

5.1

224.

49

121.

36

96.0

3 10

5.16

83

5.1

2.36

13

3

P16

77

.526

94

13.0

2383

6.

9 20

20

1350

13

1 10

.1

208.

46

19.1

9 65

.89

47.5

0 63

5.45

0.

92

139.

1

P17

77

.526

97

13.0

2502

6.

9 12

80

900

104.

9 3

140.

32

36.3

0 60

.36

38.3

5 25

3.1

1.75

13

3

P18

77

.513

11

13.0

2436

7.

3 16

50

1100

83

.2

13.5

10

0.24

97

.18

63.8

2 89

.20

459.

25

1.34

12

0.8

P19

77

.509

58

13.0

2436

7.

1 16

80

1150

76

.7

7 14

0.32

10

2.00

73

.44

91.3

3 29

7.6

0.89

15

1.3

Tab

le 6

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Maj

or Io

ns in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

Janu

ary

2017

(C

ont..

..)

Sl.

No.

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

Latit

ude

0 N

pH

E

C

TD

S

Na

K

Ca

Mg

SO

4 N

O3

Cl

F

HC

O3

P20

77

.501

33

13.0

1658

7.

0 19

80

1300

12

6.7

6.3

160.

36

72.7

7 70

.96

100.

48

464.

5 1.

58

163.

5

P21

77

.501

16

13.0

163

6.3

2300

15

50

189

19.2

16

4.37

55

.74

70.1

5 39

.95

24.2

5 1.

07

425.

8

P22

77

.500

97

13.0

1655

6.

7 21

80

1450

14

4.6

6.6

160.

36

116.

57

113.

22

45.6

7 48

5.75

1.

86

285.

5

P23

77

.500

63

13.0

1619

7.

0 31

80

2000

15

1.4

7.6

412.

66

133.

42

108.

34

32.7

1 69

9.9

0.65

23

3

P24

77

.502

58

13.0

1569

7.

1 18

20

1250

12

7.5

4.6

156.

35

70.3

5 68

.82

48.4

4 38

6.35

0.

64

139.

1

P25

77

.502

97

13.0

1458

7.

0 18

80

1250

13

3 4.

3 15

6.35

72

.78

70.8

2 48

.65

361.

5 0.

69

157.

4

P26

77

.503

36

13.0

1588

6.

9 16

60

1200

11

3.3

4.7

172.

38

21.6

6 40

.083

47

.08

475.

7 0.

78

248.

9

P27

77

.503

36

13.0

1475

6.

9 16

60

1100

11

9.9

3.5

124.

29

55.7

9 64

.22

47.1

4 40

3.1

1.36

19

4

P28

77

.503

41

13.0

1436

6.

8 18

80

1250

12

8.6

6.9

192.

42

28.9

4 62

.58

46.8

9 46

8.6

0.53

22

4.5

P29

77

.502

86

13.0

1286

6.

8 23

60

1700

15

4.6

10.4

20

4.45

10

6.78

80

.22

54.7

1 60

1.1

0.81

22

4.5

P30

77

.503

11

13.0

1127

7.

0 18

80

1500

14

6.9

8.1

360.

36

67.9

1 82

.51

55.7

1 39

4.05

0.

83

267.

2

P31

77

.503

8 13

.012

22

7.0

2320

15

50

133.

3 6.

8 39

0.36

12

1.44

71

.75

48.3

1 44

8.45

0.

86

151.

3

P32

77

.510

69

13.0

2077

7.

2 14

00

1110

53

.3

1 19

2.42

41

.10

63.4

4 45

.29

386.

35

0.87

19

4

P33

77

.512

77

13.0

1936

7.

0 15

20

1000

76

.8

3.5

172.

38

26.5

3 59

.05

51.2

3 36

1.5

1.32

16

9.6

P34

77

.512

61

13.0

1969

6.

9 18

00

1200

74

.1

7.1

236.

51

11.8

5 58

.70

48.1

6 46

0.9

0.80

12

6.9

P35

77

.513

8 13

.019

63

7.0

2340

15

50

111.

5 5

480.

60

77.4

9 80

.41

55.5

2 40

7.65

0.

69

169.

6

P36

77

.514

02

13.0

1933

8.

5 41

00

2700

30

4.3

10.9

84

1.12

14

5.30

19

0.65

44

.67

921.

85

0.71

35

.4

P37

77

.511

027

13.0

2258

7.

4 17

00

1150

12

0.9

7.9

152.

34

67.9

2 65

.08

48.6

3 34

3.75

0.

81

145.

2

P38

77

.512

61

13.0

2186

7.

4 16

20

1200

11

0 11

.7

186.

27

46.0

6 53

.63

28.3

7 39

7 0.

82

59.8

P39

77

.514

33

13.0

2077

7.

0 27

60

1740

14

9.5

6.9

320.

68

99.3

4 10

0.53

54

.23

685.

75

0.89

90

.3

Tab

le 6

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Maj

or Io

ns in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

Janu

ary

2017

(C

ont..

..)

Sl.

No.

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

Latit

ude

0 N

pH

E

C

TD

S

Na

K

Ca

Mg

SO

4 N

O3

Cl

F

HC

O3

P40

77

.524

63

13.0

3822

7.

6 11

80

800

109.

5 4.

4 80

.20

12.0

4 62

.77

27.6

7 21

7.25

0.

80

65.9

P41

77

.523

94

13.0

3888

7.

7 18

20

1200

22

4 42

.5

120.

28

9.56

60

.13

44.0

3 34

6.05

0.

64

187.

9

P42

77

.525

52

13.0

3863

7.

5 13

00

900

164.

3 3.

8 13

2.30

33

.88

70.7

2 15

.50

211.

8 0.

80

181.

8

P43

77

.525

13

13.0

4288

7.

1 12

60

900

150.

2 3.

3 10

4.25

9.

58

44.5

3 46

.16

201.

75

0.53

18

8

P44

77

.513

14

13.0

391

9.3

1040

80

0 22

8.9

16.6

52

.14

2.35

55

.60

11.4

4 17

6.9

1.11

13

3

P45

77

.512

66

13.0

4202

7.

6 94

0 75

0 20

3.1

2.3

36.1

1 16

.96

37.4

8 1.

01

152.

05

1.02

18

7.9

P46

77

.513

63

13.0

1744

6.

7 13

80

1000

13

7.4

4.5

188.

42

28.9

4 60

.67

44.3

7 27

6.3

0.70

16

3.5

P48

77

.513

72

13.0

1197

7.

3 11

60

780

216.

8 4.

9 24

.09

34.0

1 36

.05

40.4

8 13

4.3

1.71

16

7.3

P49

77

.538

38

13.0

2002

7.

2 10

80

820

300.

3 2.

3 11

6.27

26

.60

60.8

6 24

.42

63.3

0.

79

175.

7

P50

77

.543

19

13.0

1811

1 7.

5 10

60

800

209.

6 6.

5 76

.19

16.9

1 50

.65

38.2

3 77

.5

0.70

21

8.4

P51

77

.551

52

13.0

1963

7.

8 96

0 66

0 12

0.4

7 28

.10

87.5

3 48

.46

40.5

9 14

4.95

1.

02

114.

7

P52

77

.493

94

13.0

2083

7.

5 29

20

1950

31

7.5

27.7

20

0.44

55

.69

65.8

2 21

.57

663.

25

0.90

31

6

P53

77

.494

55

13.0

1875

7.

1 23

40

1550

18

1 10

.8

300.

00

43.8

0 62

.25

9.65

65

9.7

0.97

12

6.9

P54

77

.485

08

13.0

1558

9.

3 17

00

1150

20

4.9

5.3

184.

41

53.2

8 65

.79

47.9

3 29

7.6

1.06

17

5.7

P55

77

.485

16

13.0

2422

6.

9 23

40

1600

22

5 8.

6 25

2.54

38

.60

90.1

7 20

.31

787.

5 0.

76

151.

3

P56

77

.485

55

13.0

0555

7.

3 13

00

950

296.

7 14

13

6.31

4.

68

66.2

9 40

.67

201.

75

0.99

15

1.3

P57

77

.487

13

12.9

9027

7

1260

85

0 17

4.1

11

128.

30

38.7

5 63

.96

44.3

1 17

3.35

0.

95

151.

3

P59

77

.502

08

12.9

9577

7

1080

75

0 93

.6

9.4

128.

30

31.4

5 53

.82

46.4

4 14

8.5

0.91

16

3.5

P60

77

.509

8 13

.003

97

7.8

300

330

41.5

2

21.2

4 1.

31

14.0

5 6.

65

60.3

6 1.

02

96.4

P61

77

.510

77

13.0

0697

7.

6 30

60

2000

22

6.2

9.5

384.

81

62.7

7 60

.01

49.0

3 86

9.15

0.

82

53.7

Tab

le 6

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Maj

or Io

ns in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

Janu

ary

2017

(C

ont..

..)

Sl.

No.

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

Latit

ude

0 N

pH

E

C

TD

S

Na

K

Ca

Mg

SO

4 N

O3

Cl

F

HC

O3

P62

77

.505

61

13.0

0986

7.

1 11

00

750

169.

6 3.

3 11

2.26

12

.00

62.7

7 43

.12

191.

1 0.

56

84.2

P63

77

.500

08

13.0

0869

6.

9 15

00

1000

20

1 8.

0 10

0.24

29

.05

61.8

2 49

.16

265.

65

0.83

13

3

P64

77

.495

63

13.0

0758

7.

2 14

20

960

166.

5 14

.3

136.

31

29.0

1 62

.41

47.7

1 19

4.65

0.

80

133

P65

77

.495

77

13.0

0297

6.

9 10

80

750

147.

1 9.

5 11

6.27

26

.60

62.8

6 48

.46

130.

75

0.65

15

1.3

P66

77

.504

15

13.0

3624

6.

8 13

40

900

100.

2 7.

9 14

4.33

31

.43

56.0

8 30

.89

258.

55

0.98

14

5.2

P67

77

.504

65

13.0

4213

7.

0 20

20

1420

25

0.5

17.3

30

0.24

72

.85

100.

51

32.6

9 27

2.75

0.

99

194

P68

77

.503

34

13.0

418

7.5

2040

14

50

281.

4 6.

4 34

2.10

10

4.56

85

.45

44.2

5 23

5.65

1.

03

181.

8

P69

77

.504

24

13.0

3933

7.

5 20

20

1450

24

4.9

10.1

18

4.41

43

.55

86.3

5 74

.74

505.

05

1.03

13

9.1

P70

77

.506

36

13.0

3821

7.

1 22

00

1490

30

9.5

6.0

144.

33

46.0

3 83

.66

41.9

7 51

1.8

1.02

16

3.5

P71

77

.506

79

13.0

3692

7.

8 20

40

1350

22

5.5

6.3

100.

24

46.0

8 85

.89

52.8

2 40

7.25

1.

04

248.

9

Tab

le 7

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy M

etal

s in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

July

201

6

A

ll v

alu

es

in p

pb

Sl.

No.

A

l A

s A

g B

e B

B

a B

i C

d C

o C

r C

r+6

Cu

Fe

Hg

Li

1 85

.87

ND

0.

08

0.39

85

.56

91.2

4 0.

02

0.16

0.

52

2.94

N

D

0.54

15

8.50

1.

71

11.6

2 2

27.2

6 N

D

0.05

0.

21

80.7

7 22

6.90

0.

01

0.10

0.

61

1.05

N

D

2.32

23

4.90

1.

45

12.5

9 3

96.9

6 N

D

0.27

0.

20

89.7

6 16

2.30

0.

02

0.09

0.

63

1.80

N

D

0.61

23

9.10

1.

96

10.3

2 4

88.0

5 N

D

0.04

0.

23

97.3

7 15

5.40

0.

01

0.09

0.

74

1.66

N

D

1.03

25

3.20

1.

85

10.4

6 5

40.8

8 N

D

0.05

0.

40

252.

90

59.2

1 0.

01

0.05

0.

55

2.41

0.

1 0.

61

132.

10

1.58

9.

47

6 33

.45

ND

0.

03

0.19

88

.48

59.2

4 0.

01

0.05

2.

21

1.59

N

D

0.93

32

5.50

1.

12

18.7

6 7

88.0

0 N

D

0.30

0.

25

105.

70

63.6

3 0.

01

0.05

0.

32

3164

.00

9.6

0.91

12

5.90

1.

68

1.46

8

33.1

3 N

D

0.04

0.

24

94.7

9 77

.55

0.01

0.

05

2.42

52

20.0

0 18

.3

1.43

28

0.30

2.

05

15.8

4 9

103.

90

ND

0.

03

0.28

99

.93

114.

90

0.01

0.

06

0.96

49

32.0

0 16

.6

1.81

29

2.70

2.

65

12.0

5 10

35

.18

ND

0.

02

0.33

23

6.90

11

7.70

0.

01

0.06

1.

28

4.97

N

D

1.88

27

5.80

1.

23

8.98

11

10

5.70

N

D

0.02

0.

17

94.7

4 44

.47

0.01

0.

04

0.62

7.

91

ND

1.

10

196.

50

1.36

13

.78

12

174.

60

ND

2.

19

0.36

68

.92

72.8

7 0.

01

0.15

1.

29

1413

0.00

46

.0

1.87

46

4.30

2.

46

8.09

13

19

1.60

N

D

0.49

0.

26

109.

40

111.

20

0.03

0.

78

2.27

44

9.40

1.

9 4.

59

715.

30

1.50

7.

63

14

203.

80

ND

1.

65

3.40

10

9.00

54

5.20

0.

03

4.23

17

5.40

22

610.

00

BD

L 11

4.00

56

53.0

0 9.

06

14.7

5 15

27

3.60

N

D

0.07

1.

68

1015

.00

51.8

5 0.

02

0.18

1.

73

1636

0.00

54

.2

3.54

49

7.90

3.

40

8.07

16

42

4.00

N

D

0.06

0.

40

178.

60

58.7

8 0.

03

0.11

1.

55

69.2

4 B

DL

1.83

45

9.00

2.

12

16.7

6 17

44

4.00

N

D

0.12

0.

25

103.

60

121.

90

0.01

0.

12

1.26

9.

90

BD

L 1.

49

374.

90

1.23

6.

71

18

65.9

3 N

D

0.08

0.

43

261.

80

23.4

0 0.

01

0.12

2.

16

2597

.00

9.5

1.57

37

5.50

4.

99

20.7

0

19

73.7

8 N

D

0.57

1.

17

894.

00

37.4

2 0.

01

0.17

1.

17

3973

.00

14.3

2.

65

366.

30

2.08

10

.41

20

63.7

0 N

D

1.88

0.

43

289.

80

86.6

1 0.

01

0.14

1.

66

326.

60

1.2

1.64

36

6.80

1.

46

14.4

6

21

67.4

1 N

D

0.03

0.

38

281.

70

59.4

2 0.

02

0.07

3.

61

31.1

4 0.

3 2.

35

297.

90

5.58

9.

13

22

82.9

1 N

D

0.11

0.

32

230.

50

93.8

4 0.

01

0.13

2.

24

36.3

0 B

DL

2.42

40

0.30

1.

47

17.0

4

23

55.9

3 N

D

0.07

0.

29

144.

50

105.

10

0.01

0.

15

2.70

3.

36

BD

L 2.

54

665.

00

2.54

14

.45

24

765.

20

ND

0.

76

0.37

22

7.10

11

1.50

0.

01

0.20

1.

13

1623

.00

4.7

5.81

39

1.90

1.

82

12.7

7

25

601.

20

ND

0.

10

0.41

25

1.90

13

3.90

0.

01

0.24

1.

07

1571

.00

5.0

2.88

38

0.10

1.

59

11.5

3

26

443.

40

ND

0.

78

0.30

21

6.50

96

.84

0.01

0.

10

0.91

12

52.0

0 4.

2 2.

98

332.

30

1.61

12

.25

Tab

le 7

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy M

etal

s in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

July

201

6 (C

ont…

.)

A

ll v

alu

es

in p

pb

Sl.

No.

A

l A

s A

g B

e B

B

a B

i C

d C

o C

r C

r+6

Cu

Fe

Hg

Li

27

555.

00

ND

1.

93

0.36

19

0.40

84

.62

0.01

0.

14

0.94

10

43.0

0 3.

2 2.

90

332.

90

1.44

10

.83

28

362.

30

ND

0.

09

0.34

18

9.70

82

.86

0.01

0.

12

0.97

14

04.0

0 5.

0 2.

26

329.

20

1.45

19

.20

29

511.

40

ND

0.

09

0.75

53

6.80

56

.11

0.01

2.

64

2.33

45

46.0

0 17

.1

4.03

49

5.30

2.

19

24.7

0

30

335.

70

ND

0.

15

0.77

14

0.50

59

.23

0.01

4.

49

4.29

14

150.

00

44.1

23

.53

384.

20

3.00

18

.29

31

535.

60

ND

2.

41

0.33

21

2.20

10

1.70

0.

01

0.41

1.

35

424.

50

0.8

3.25

41

7.60

1.

82

17.9

1

32

519.

10

0.41

0.

09

0.26

13

9.30

23

.72

0.01

0.

16

0.86

46

3.70

1.

0 2.

14

335.

20

1.54

5.

34

33

451.

10

ND

0.

78

0.33

10

3.00

14

8.80

0.

01

0.16

1.

11

2514

.00

8.2

4.01

44

6.20

2.

16

6.89

34

253.

60

ND

0.

11

0.84

60

6.80

15

4.30

0.

01

0.22

15

.40

3486

.00

12.0

4.

84

530.

40

2.06

12

.50

35

404.

50

0.97

0.

10

3.64

17

49.0

0 79

.30

0.01

0.

19

10.3

5 33

960.

00

75.0

5.

16

591.

30

5.90

7.

68

36

313.

70

ND

0.

07

10.4

7 67

26.0

0 49

.96

0.01

0.

06

2.08

23

7.00

B

DL

5.53

83

7.20

1.

42

5.75

37

397.

10

ND

0.

06

0.86

64

9.60

60

.08

0.01

0.

13

1.21

64

26.0

0 20

.0

3.81

34

2.50

2.

10

11.6

0

38

362.

30

0.85

0.

07

0.71

46

9.50

52

.24

0.01

0.

13

1.45

38

3.90

0.

9 2.

76

366.

30

3.19

19

.66

39

438.

40

ND

0.

34

1.43

10

77.0

0 59

.26

0.01

0.

17

13.6

0 11

720.

00

39.5

4.

28

569.

80

2.84

12

.13

40

660.

10

ND

0.

07

0.43

36

2.40

17

8.80

0.

01

0.12

1.

16

27.0

0 B

DL

3.98

33

2.00

2.

37

16.5

1

41

490.

50

ND

0.

14

0.42

38

1.70

55

.57

0.04

0.

08

1.27

3.

43

BD

L 6.

15

220.

20

1.38

11

.03

42

406.

80

ND

0.

06

0.36

26

0.40

14

1.00

0.

01

0.10

0.

68

12.3

9 B

DL

6.65

26

5.70

1.

65

12.3

9

43

397.

60

0.47

1.

30

0.30

17

7.60

13

3.90

0.

01

0.10

0.

62

2.48

B

DL

4.26

24

8.10

1.

39

19.1

5

44

763.

20

6.37

0.

11

0.53

38

7.00

79

.01

0.05

0.

10

1.67

3.

67

BD

L 6.

00

186.

50

3.78

5.

78

45

433.

40

1.91

0.

04

0.40

29

1.90

78

.27

0.01

0.

10

1.85

2.

47

BD

L 8.

01

374.

60

1.60

11

.04

46

389.

00

3.35

0.

10

0.40

18

3.80

14

9.00

0.

02

0.10

1.

08

8.34

B

DL

8.07

32

6.80

1.

62

15.0

4 47

62

.26

6.28

0.

02

0.27

21

6.00

15

.24

0.01

0.

05

0.59

2.

34

BD

L 6.

17

192.

80

1.24

2.

80

48

291.

60

1.27

0.

03

0.26

20

2.70

15

3.80

0.

01

0.12

0.

73

1.90

B

DL

8.88

22

8.40

1.

21

28.9

4 49

29

2.70

0.

88

0.06

0.

34

254.

80

136.

00

0.01

0.

09

1.12

3.

66

BD

L 10

.95

227.

60

1.74

10

.38

50

374.

30

1.04

0.

04

0.32

23

3.90

55

.70

0.01

0.

08

0.49

2.

10

0.1

7.51

17

3.00

1.

53

16.9

0

Tab

le 7

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy M

etal

s in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

July

201

6 (C

ont…

.)

A

ll v

alu

es

in p

pb

Sl.

No.

A

l A

s A

g B

e B

B

a B

i C

d C

o C

r C

r+6

Cu

Fe

Hg

Li

51

476.

00

0.84

0.

25

0.48

19

9.00

58

.19

0.01

0.

07

0.47

1.

60

BD

L 5.

88

215.

30

1.34

64

.46

52

873.

90

1.51

0.

02

0.82

77

3.40

65

.04

0.04

0.

27

2.12

6.

34

BD

L 8.

76

317.

10

92.4

9 15

.60

53

461.

10

1.10

0.

06

0.30

28

3.60

61

.09

0.01

0.

13

1.22

1.

81

BD

L 9.

50

498.

10

3.48

33

.05

54

465.

70

0.09

0.

21

0.30

19

2.30

88

.23

0.01

0.

13

0.79

2.

20

BD

L 8.

16

315.

10

2.40

29

.64

55

385.

40

1.23

0.

08

0.32

18

0.80

12

2.50

0.

01

0.09

0.

89

3.05

B

DL

8.07

44

4.90

1.

80

35.1

1 56

41

9.20

2.

12

0.45

0.

22

145.

40

83.7

0 0.

01

0.09

0.

86

2.17

B

DL

6.99

29

9.10

2.

28

63.7

0

57

559.

80

3.47

0.

05

0.29

16

4.20

72

.98

0.02

0.

09

0.64

2.

10

BD

L 7.

10

284.

00

2.37

50

.33

58

967.

50

13.3

3 0.

03

0.58

27

6.40

73

.64

0.02

0.

12

1.79

2.

92

BD

L 7.

19

185.

50

1.54

2.

66

59

549.

50

2.54

0.

04

0.33

22

3.10

89

.28

0.04

0.

09

0.54

3.

62

BD

L 8.

51

211.

10

1.20

34

.39

60

417.

00

3.17

0.

06

0.38

28

3.20

92

.57

0.03

0.

10

1.76

2.

71

BD

L 10

.21

266.

40

1.38

42

.67

61

303.

60

1.68

0.

12

0.47

21

6.80

53

4.90

0.

02

0.33

20

.79

2.17

B

DL

13.2

9 48

1.70

1.

79

42.4

7

62

458.

10

0.66

0.

03

0.37

20

4.40

54

.55

0.02

0.

08

0.57

2.

43

BD

L 9.

33

229.

10

1.01

24

.08

63

457.

80

0.80

0.

63

0.39

27

1.70

10

2.40

0.

02

0.08

0.

75

10.6

0 B

DL

9.58

24

8.10

9.

07

48.3

0

64

427.

20

1.84

0.

06

0.38

25

6.10

65

.64

0.01

0.

09

1.43

8.

59

BD

L 9.

10

238.

60

1.21

52

.15

65

341.

80

4.59

0.

25

0.30

21

0.20

79

.80

0.08

0.

06

0.40

2.

48

BD

L 8.

95

172.

60

1.61

74

.66

Tab

le 7

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy M

etal

s in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

July

201

6 (C

ont…

.)

A

ll va

lues

in p

pb

Sl.

No.

M

n M

o N

i P

b R

b S

b S

e S

r T

e T

h U

V

Z

n 1

9.91

0.

25

10.0

6 1.

87

1.46

0.

05

5.13

38

2.90

0.

11

1.08

2.

56

10.8

2 10

.83

2 72

.48

0.23

8.

42

0.22

1.

20

0.35

5.

43

623.

70

0.06

0.

35

0.93

5.

39

1690

.00

3 22

.32

0.34

8.

48

0.36

1.

39

0.05

4.

70

532.

70

0.06

0.

33

2.77

10

.25

17.7

5 4

37.7

0 0.

46

12.6

3 0.

33

1.32

0.

04

4.85

53

6.00

0.

06

0.20

4.

73

11.2

9 19

.86

5 33

.77

1.67

8.

47

0.20

1.

14

0.05

3.

39

335.

60

0.05

0.

61

1.70

4.

69

7.47

6

1573

.00

0.36

11

.52

0.10

2.

39

0.03

4.

85

735.

50

0.03

0.

07

5.07

6.

35

4.88

7

10.7

9 0.

87

3.51

0.

22

2.39

0.

16

3.43

20

8.40

0.

08

0.08

1.

28

21.6

0 9.

50

8 49

6.40

1.

38

9.32

0.

10

1.59

0.

05

4.76

65

9.80

0.

28

0.06

3.

99

32.3

3 9.

36

9 36

.84

0.90

9.

11

1.63

2.

28

0.04

4.

73

719.

20

0.08

0.

02

10.2

8 33

.60

13.2

6 10

10

49.0

0 1.

43

14.6

6 0.

23

1.61

0.

32

5.32

72

8.10

0.

05

0.06

26

.97

5.16

29

9.60

11

7.

93

0.83

5.

58

0.09

6.

39

0.03

5.

86

447.

10

0.04

0.

04

15.9

2 10

.37

2.79

12

19

.56

0.42

19

.68

1.20

1.

41

0.04

6.

36

1171

.00

0.16

0.

07

7.05

58

.65

22.3

7 13

16

70.0

0 1.

04

33.6

5 1.

68

1.13

0.

04

4.04

14

57.0

0 0.

02

0.10

7.

26

12.3

2 17

.20

14

8601

.00

0.35

16

6.70

2.

37

1.54

0.

05

8.82

17

51.0

0 0.

02

0.15

48

.94

85.5

5 31

6.40

15

89

.88

1.90

14

.51

2.27

0.

71

0.05

6.

65

824.

60

0.29

0.

14

18.3

7 65

.06

21.5

5 16

80

.39

0.79

25

.48

2.74

8.

68

0.04

4.

89

732.

50

0.07

0.

09

17.8

0 8.

52

18.3

0 17

34

.09

0.38

16

.11

2.75

0.

96

0.07

3.

92

798.

30

0.05

0.

03

6.48

8.

83

27.6

4 18

18

.79

0.60

12

.98

4.22

6.

92

0.07

6.

92

716.

00

0.04

0.

03

61.0

9 18

.89

258.

80

19

25.1

9 0.

58

20.0

0 2.

46

5.32

0.

05

4.84

73

5.40

0.

04

0.05

36

.59

28.3

9 19

.54

20

109.

10

0.76

18

.43

1.51

1.

10

0.04

4.

35

769.

20

0.04

0.

08

21.1

7 15

.81

27.7

6 21

15

2.80

0.

70

49.8

7 1.

16

19.8

3 1.

20

3.95

47

8.30

0.

03

0.04

2.

99

7.43

11

3.60

22

40

3.70

0.

72

14.1

5 2.

15

1.17

0.

06

4.70

77

1.10

0.

03

0.04

18

.64

8.24

16

.02

23

392.

80

0.60

19

.02

1.67

1.

82

0.16

4.

55

1066

.00

0.03

0.

06

34.5

5 11

.95

17.8

3 24

27

.08

0.59

13

.06

5.17

0.

81

0.05

3.

86

681.

60

0.03

0.

06

24.4

8 21

.20

23.1

2 25

68

.51

0.62

15

.91

4.55

1.

33

0.09

4.

16

707.

20

0.03

0.

06

22.9

9 19

.51

109.

40

Tab

le 7

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy M

etal

s in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

July

201

6 (C

ont…

.)

A

ll v

alu

es

in p

pb

Sl.

No.

M

n M

o N

i P

b R

b S

b S

e S

r T

e T

h U

V

Z

n 26

17

.81

0.50

14

.33

2.09

0.

69

0.03

3.

37

592.

80

0.03

0.

04

19.7

2 20

.45

20.4

6 27

21

.70

1.15

18

.37

3.70

0.

96

0.11

3.

32

544.

30

0.03

0.

04

18.4

2 19

.72

23.2

5 28

21

.80

0.55

16

.95

1.72

2.

32

0.04

3.

41

572.

20

0.02

0.

04

51.2

5 17

.78

20.8

2 29

40

7.00

2.

19

39.4

0 2.

34

3.05

0.

04

4.06

92

9.60

0.

03

0.06

40

.29

30.7

3 22

.79

30

276.

70

0.53

32

.39

2.40

6.

23

0.05

4.

61

671.

60

0.03

0.

03

73.3

7 53

.43

48.6

9 31

11

0.50

3.

57

23.5

9 3.

32

0.94

0.

04

3.20

67

8.30

0.

02

0.04

22

.33

16.8

6 20

.72

32

22.8

5 0.

52

15.5

5 2.

77

1.64

0.

05

7.20

66

5.40

0.

03

0.03

6.

26

11.6

5 18

.36

33

70.5

0 0.

43

17.8

3 3.

02

1.45

0.

05

4.52

11

41.0

0 0.

03

0.05

11

.11

22.8

5 22

.31

34

340.

10

0.29

17

.49

4.47

2.

42

0.07

7.

01

1261

.00

0.03

0.

04

7.40

22

.77

704.

90

35

33.9

3 0.

39

23.9

1 5.

02

1.38

0.

06

8.60

12

91.0

0 0.

04

0.09

10

.42

119.

20

94.1

7 36

19

.75

0.59

56

6.70

2.

40

5.39

0.

96

3.80

26

3.90

0.

02

0.06

5.

06

4.18

10

.03

37

64.1

0 0.

49

15.1

7 3.

36

4.38

0.

06

3.72

78

1.90

0.

03

0.03

17

.64

40.6

7 28

.64

38

104.

40

0.46

10

.78

3.23

7.

24

0.04

8.

09

767.

20

0.04

0.

02

41.0

5 8.

78

61.9

3 39

47

.09

0.43

18

.16

2.24

1.

84

0.04

6.

42

1340

.00

0.03

0.

06

10.2

6 64

.98

16.3

6 40

17

1.00

0.

79

26.4

6 2.

39

1.06

0.

05

2.95

55

9.10

0.

03

0.08

12

.15

9.66

44

.67

41

87.8

2 0.

93

20.5

0 2.

27

41.9

8 0.

15

2.75

40

5.40

0.

02

0.03

3.

30

5.85

42

.58

42

21.7

5 0.

63

15.0

7 2.

68

0.99

0.

07

3.84

50

6.10

0.

02

0.03

12

.32

8.90

55

.16

43

15.4

8 0.

25

8.87

2.

03

0.69

0.

05

5.72

52

2.10

0.

02

0.01

1.

98

7.78

37

.46

44

78.3

4 2.

13

18.9

9 3.

78

11.7

2 0.

92

13.1

3 17

3.90

0.

02

0.01

2.

71

5.88

23

.33

45

376.

50

0.98

14

.96

1.69

1.

10

0.06

7.

24

276.

90

0.02

0.

03

4.05

4.

75

29.3

7 46

24

.25

0.30

18

.06

2.06

1.

27

0.06

9.

69

731.

00

0.02

0.

01

2.45

8.

14

19.6

4 47

23

.02

0.30

12

.29

0.21

1.

18

0.07

14

.07

331.

90

0.02

0.

00

3.04

3.

65

16.1

7 48

86

.52

0.55

70

.24

1.57

0.

88

0.04

5.

59

514.

30

0.02

0.

01

12.3

0 10

.08

15.1

6 49

20

.34

0.33

16

.77

2.19

0.

58

0.05

5.

89

564.

80

0.02

0.

02

5.74

4.

76

23.6

7 50

15

.54

0.64

7.

37

2.25

7.

11

0.10

5.

65

460.

60

0.02

0.

03

19.6

5 5.

10

178.

50

Tab

le 7

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy M

etal

s in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

July

201

6 (C

ont…

.)

All

va

lue

s in

pp

b

Sl.

No.

M

n M

o N

i P

b R

b S

b S

e S

r T

e T

h U

V

Z

n 51

37

.40

0.34

8.

51

2.45

3.

93

0.04

4.

73

396.

20

0.02

0.

02

37.5

1 3.

39

13.4

9 52

35

6.90

1.

08

24.5

8 6.

37

20.4

8 1.

24

5.34

43

9.90

0.

02

0.03

4.

41

6.12

20

.11

53

38.1

9 0.

52

15.6

6 2.

73

4.61

0.

05

6.23

87

8.70

0.

02

0.02

36

.27

14.8

7 16

.68

54

19.9

8 0.

43

9.45

2.

38

1.90

0.

05

3.66

58

2.80

0.

02

0.02

13

.48

6.76

18

.49

55

35.7

8 0.

32

10.9

5 2.

31

8.03

0.

05

6.19

98

6.40

0.

01

0.01

37

.66

7.70

32

.13

56

57.9

7 0.

77

13.8

0 2.

12

22.5

6 0.

06

7.66

44

7.00

0.

02

0.03

95

.35

5.81

26

.07

57

20.5

3 0.

83

13.7

8 2.

51

19.9

6 0.

05

8.44

44

7.30

0.

02

0.04

85

.24

6.53

17

.13

58

88.0

0 1.

48

16.1

9 6.

62

11.8

3 0.

54

22.9

6 14

4.80

0.

01

0.06

4.

76

7.22

20

.81

59

20.2

9 0.

41

13.3

6 2.

85

6.83

0.

05

7.23

35

2.00

0.

01

0.03

14

.59

10.9

1 17

.86

60

201.

30

0.35

8.

99

3.13

6.

86

0.06

7.

33

460.

30

0.01

0.

03

100.

20

3.62

10

.66

61

4698

.00

0.32

51

.15

3.04

6.

34

0.05

5.

99

1028

.00

0.01

0.

02

19.5

5 5.

25

34.3

9 62

25

.40

0.29

12

.40

2.84

2.

12

0.05

3.

44

359.

10

0.01

0.

02

7.41

9.

59

28.6

5 63

16

.28

0.45

16

.96

2.48

1.

91

0.07

3.

47

472.

70

0.01

0.

02

16.6

7 6.

44

19.8

4 64

19

.00

0.31

9.

82

3.43

2.

08

0.04

5.

23

406.

30

0.01

0.

01

8.32

9.

50

15.4

7 65

10

.56

0.50

6.

70

1.68

1.

65

0.04

9.

52

322.

10

0.02

0.

02

9.80

7.

59

10.3

7

Tab

le 8

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy E

lem

ents

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re,

Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g Ja

nuar

y 20

17

All

va

lue

s in

pp

b

Sl.

N

o.

Ag

Al

As

Ba

Be

Bi

Cd

Co

Cr

Cr+

6 C

u F

e H

g

P1

0.83

47

.36

2.68

13

0.59

0.

58

4.82

2.

50

14.7

2 9.

15

0.00

6.

25

28.9

5 0.

00

P2

1.07

91

.21

2.85

26

3.20

0.

00

2.97

3.

93

7.15

9.

58

0.00

7.

68

35.8

6 0.

00

P3

1.52

56

.92

4.64

22

0.53

0.

00

4.42

2.

81

8.00

10

.79

0.00

7.

90

296.

46

0.00

P

4 0.

00

64.4

1 0.

00

130.

11

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

17.1

3 21

.01

1.95

P

5 1.

16

66.4

7 0.

00

114.

01

0.25

6.

13

2.54

11

.04

9.96

0.

00

6.04

35

.16

0.00

P

6 0.

48

18.8

9 1.

35

116.

30

0.00

3.

51

3.26

9.

16

5.80

0.

00

5.51

15

.46

0.00

P

7 2.

05

52.1

9 5.

23

115.

60

0.00

19

.62

3.62

10

.18

1501

2.15

14

349

6.14

28

.97

0.00

P

8 2.

82

65.1

4 6.

04

125.

51

0.59

6.

99

3.37

10

.21

3125

.14

2733

7.

05

64.0

3 0.

00

P9

0.68

54

.25

4.64

14

5.31

0.

77

13.4

8 2.

73

3.79

13

012.

54

1217

3 6.

54

30.7

3 0.

00

P10

0.

84

60.0

3 3.

24

140.

86

0.78

2.

99

2.38

9.

37

268.

94

0.00

6.

44

60.9

3 0.

00

P11

1.

18

58.4

8 4.

23

32.0

8 0.

53

3.21

3.

97

9.90

11

.32

0.00

7.

52

42.4

6 0.

00

P12

1.

07

28.2

2 2.

35

16.0

0 0.

95

7.00

3.

43

7.94

70

54.1

2 68

96

8.20

18

.82

0.00

P

13

0.71

27

.43

2.65

85

.77

0.42

4.

40

4.94

28

9.42

15

.30

0.00

94

.14

60.7

3 0.

00

P14

0.

71

37.5

2 3.

43

41.8

8 0.

35

5.83

3.

15

191.

68

10.7

2 0.

00

351.

12

6634

.03

0.00

P

15

0.48

34

.02

1.89

14

.77

0.41

7.

91

2.83

9.

83

3434

.12

3024

32

.74

28.4

7 0.

00

P16

0.

00

73.0

7 0.

00

37.7

2 0.

37

0.00

0.

00

0.00

12

.34

0.00

3.

01

18.0

0 2.

48

P17

0.

48

15.0

9 3.

57

18.6

9 0.

42

4.62

3.

29

6.69

7.

09

0.00

5.

51

9.99

0.

00

P18

0.

82

70.1

8 0.

00

36.5

2 0.

76

7.08

1.

59

3.33

83

32.1

4 80

50

6.60

45

.10

0.00

P

19

0.00

90

.81

0.00

18

.26

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

1390

3 13

800

0.00

18

.78

3.70

P

20

0.40

21

.20

0.00

16

.79

0.39

4.

51

2.13

6.

49

36.0

8 0.

00

6.72

14

.29

0.00

P

21

0.56

23

.90

0.00

55

1.81

0.

38

5.44

2.

32

7.56

6.

56

0.00

7.

91

136.

77

0.00

P22

0.

73

27.0

4 4.

33

16.5

4 0.

57

5.40

2.

78

6.89

8.

16

0.00

6.

60

24.8

2 0.

00

P23

0.

00

14.0

9 0.

00

394.

62

0.00

0.

00

0.00

3.

23

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

2.97

P24

0.

73

35.9

3 1.

55

20.7

8 0.

25

4.94

2.

51

7.67

41

2.34

38

2 6.

42

29.6

3 0.

00

P25

0.

37

25.3

8 3.

51

25.3

9 0.

22

6.17

1.

54

8.95

68

5.65

66

4 10

.25

13.3

9 0.

00

Tab

le 8

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy E

lem

ents

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re,

Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g Ja

nuar

y 20

17

All

va

lue

s in

pp

b

Sl.

No.

A

g A

l A

s B

a B

e B

i C

d C

o C

r C

r+6

Cu

Fe

Hg

P26

0.

89

20.3

7 4.

21

16.2

1 0.

42

5.00

1.

90

5.30

17

5.32

16

0 8.

93

18.5

5 0.

00

P27

0.

80

33.1

9 5.

05

16.7

7 0.

00

5.11

2.

57

9.31

20

5.34

90

6.

35

20.8

1 0.

00

P28

0.

25

17.1

5 0.

00

15.4

6 0.

30

5.43

3.

80

3.16

23

2.14

19

5.

82

11.9

3 0.

00

P29

0.

63

35.2

4 3.

73

20.7

2 0.

00

6.36

2.

72

6.10

20

14.1

2 19

20

27.1

7 84

.34

0.00

P

30

0.50

30

.35

2.76

11

.90

0.32

8.

13

3.69

7.

32

3924

.12

3740

9.

45

15.0

3 0.

00

P31

0.

98

18.7

4 3.

62

18.1

2 0.

65

3.72

3.

82

8.33

24

.10

0.00

16

.98

23.2

9 0.

00

P32

1.

39

61.5

3 4.

12

17.8

5 0.

53

3.47

2.

41

9.22

49

8.64

44

0 6.

61

48.8

9 0.

00

P33

2.

36

50.1

9 1.

87

185.

68

1.02

7.

77

3.41

7.

72

6753

.12

6630

6.

48

41.8

2 0.

00

P34

0.

71

22.3

1 4.

48

18.4

7 0.

34

6.45

3.

85

6.62

61

.94

0.00

13

.64

37.7

6 0.

00

P35

0.

87

22.2

7 4.

13

16.2

2 0.

20

9.18

1.

92

7.36

13

892.

36

1345

0 6.

17

12.4

6 0.

00

P36

1.

67

31.7

6 6.

63

11.6

2 0.

56

3.48

7.

07

9.19

23

.40

0.00

9.

47

12.7

5 0.

00

P37

2.

85

44.5

3 4.

13

82.5

8 1.

00

19.5

6 2.

85

5.39

14

956.

32

1434

0 5.

47

33.9

7 0.

00

P38

1.

24

50.1

0 2.

05

43.6

7 0.

43

5.63

3.

11

10.9

2 37

1.29

0.

00

8.62

44

.65

0.00

P

39

0.00

31

.54

0.00

8.

54

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

5623

.00

5400

0.

00

18.7

5 0.

00

P40

2.

53

56.4

8 4.

80

208.

11

0.00

2.

37

2.96

3.

54

10.5

7 0.

00

8.12

43

.70

0.00

P

41

0.49

42

.30

4.36

61

.23

0.27

4.

03

1.54

11

.35

7.35

0.

00

9.91

76

.43

0.00

P

42

0.00

77

.31

0.00

13

5.40

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

14

.18

82.9

4 2.

40

P43

0.

77

50.1

7 3.

51

158.

97

0.21

5.

46

2.87

6.

13

7.48

0.

00

8.30

86

.31

0.00

P

44

1.82

13

7.48

4.

81

145.

28

0.55

4.

08

1.58

13

.57

10.4

8 0.

00

10.0

9 49

.69

0.00

P

45

55.2

0 0.

00

40.1

1 81

.72

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

1.40

35

.64

2.54

P46

64

.57

0.00

33

.01

114.

95

0.00

0.

00

1.31

0.

00

9.21

0.

00

1.38

15

.01

2.22

P47

1.

40

41.1

9 5.

13

65.2

1 0.

33

4.34

2.

26

10.7

4 6.

95

0.00

6.

12

44.2

7 0.

00

P48

1.

41

60.0

0 3.

17

204.

22

0.55

2.

35

2.53

8.

11

6.43

0.

00

8.71

30

.78

0.00

P49

0.

00

61.8

5 0.

00

126.

21

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

55

.29

2.35

P50

0.

00

62.1

0 4.

92

119.

51

0.00

6.

73

3.69

5.

87

9.21

0.

00

7.82

40

.71

0.00

Tab

le 8

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy E

lem

ents

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re,

Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g Ja

nuar

y 20

17

All

va

lue

s in

pp

b

Sl.

No.

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

Latit

ude

0 N

Ag

Al

As

Ba

Be

Bi

Cd

Co

Cr

Cr+

6 C

u F

e H

g

P51

77

.551

52

13.0

1963

1.

88

62.7

5 3.

46

83.3

3 0.

94

4.27

1.

97

9.50

6.

69

0.00

7.

32

33.6

4 0.

00

P52

77

.493

94

13.0

2083

0.

64

40.6

6 4.

20

16.4

8 0.

31

4.81

2.

47

0.00

10

.77

0.00

4.

82

26.1

8 0.

00

P53

77

.494

55

13.0

1875

0.

33

22.6

3 3.

96

13.7

5 0.

65

4.58

2.

37

12.3

7 4.

89

0.00

4.

61

10.2

1 0.

00

P54

77

.485

08

13.0

1558

0.

00

71.6

7 0.

00

95.7

6 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

26.6

2 3.

56

P55

77

.485

16

13.0

2422

0.

00

31.5

8 0.

00

13.9

2 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

15.4

3 0.

68

P56

77

.485

55

13.0

0555

0.

00

66.7

8 0.

00

69.2

7 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

2.

14

20.2

0 4.

35

P57

77

.487

13

12.9

9027

0.

00

55.1

3 0.

00

67.7

1 0.

20

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

29.3

1 2.

74

P59

77

.502

08

12.9

9577

0.

00

76.5

2 0.

00

77.5

5 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

3.

16

16.0

7 0.

00

P60

77

.509

8 13

.003

97

0.00

13

6.96

0.

00

29.6

5 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

85.8

2 1.

98

P61

77

.510

77

13.0

0697

0.

53

25.6

5 1.

81

63.7

4 0.

28

4.17

1.

19

12.2

4 9.

64

0.00

6.

65

25.9

4 0.

00

P62

77

.505

61

13.0

0986

0.

00

76.0

7 0.

00

57.6

4 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

27.8

8 0.

93

P63

77

.500

08

13.0

0869

0.

00

94.2

5 0.

00

119.

64

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

19.9

4 0.

00

0.00

53

.79

1.86

P64

77

.495

63

13.0

0758

0.

67

60.5

3 4.

56

79.0

9 0.

47

7.22

3.

16

9.37

17

.76

0.00

7.

71

43.4

3 0.

00

P65

77

.495

77

13.0

0297

2.

08

64.0

4 4.

65

141.

52

0.75

4.

89

3.29

6.

93

3.87

0.

00

6.19

25

.79

0.00

P66

77

.504

15

13.0

3624

0.

81

62.5

1 3.

27

68.0

0 0.

61

4.76

3.

07

10.7

9 10

.88

0.00

8.

18

60.6

1 0.

00

P67

77

.504

65

13.0

4213

0.

00

15.5

8 0.

00

153.

92

0.00

0.

00

0.00

2.

67

0.00

0.

00

0.00

42

.05

2.03

P68

77

.503

34

13.0

418

0.63

80

.51

3.35

11

4.21

1.

06

4.26

2.

32

5.57

8.

94

0.00

8.

03

39.6

9 0.

00

P69

77

.504

24

13.0

3933

1.

63

69.0

0 3.

50

81.1

1 0.

91

5.02

2.

37

5.15

7.

33

0.00

7.

44

41.9

0 0.

00

P70

77

.506

36

13.0

3821

0.

00

25.4

1 0.

00

12.8

7 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

4.47

22

0.38

0.

00

35.1

2 24

.92

0.00

P71

77

.506

79

13.0

3692

0.

82

23.5

3 0.

00

15.2

1 0.

41

4.52

1.

95

7.87

20

.89

0.00

5.

77

15.7

7 0.

00

Tab

le 8

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy E

lem

ents

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re,

Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g Ja

nuar

y 20

17

All

va

lue

s in

pp

b

Sl.

No.

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

Latit

ude

0 N

Mn

Mo

Ni

Pb

Sb

Se

Sr

Th

U

V

Zn

B

Li

P1

77.5

2922

13

.042

5 15

.36

6.27

12

.45

11.9

0 20

.52

4.47

35

0.36

3.

23

11.1

2 13

.37

100.

67

10.7

7 11

.69

P2

77.5

2772

13

.040

55

208.

96

5.05

16

.16

6.17

12

.09

6.91

65

2.40

4.

19

21.8

6 11

.78

213.

20

27.2

7 13

.53

P3

77.5

2852

13

.041

27

23.6

9 4.

91

9.05

9.

33

9.50

6.

13

632.

85

3.24

23

.33

7.81

29

.19

17.8

1 14

.85

P4

77.5

2505

13

.041

86

55.1

7 2.

74

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

615.

49

0.00

2.

70

0.00

28

.95

31.4

5 15

.98

P5

77.5

1972

13

.031

3 66

1.79

7.

78

18.1

4 13

.66

19.8

6 8.

88

353.

68

2.40

9.

12

8.43

15

.41

82.4

7 13

.58

P6

77.5

2 13

.029

8 73

1.52

6.

84

17.2

6 12

.44

17.4

4 4.

11

100.

26

2.84

6.

56

7.20

8.

69

6.88

8.

91

P7

77.5

1938

13

.030

44

21.1

2 5.

14

12.4

7 9.

09

39.6

6 9.

36

316.

01

2.39

11

.81

6.14

12

.06

22.0

3 10

.69

P8

77.5

1936

13

.030

16

487.

12

2.17

13

.68

8.53

17

.45

7.29

80

9.81

4.

96

25.8

9 7.

44

16.3

2 36

.72

22.1

5 P

9 77

.518

13

13.0

3111

18

2.02

4.

84

6.27

9.

63

27.5

7 9.

12

609

3.39

21

.49

12.6

5 16

.80

25.9

5 14

.44

P10

77

.510

66

13.0

3216

56

.19

7.99

11

.07

8.57

16

.99

5.50

73

7.45

5.

17

23.4

9 11

.80

119.

41

107.

83

16.6

9 P

11

77.5

0872

13

.034

48

60.0

7 7.

24

8.30

12

.06

13.2

3 5.

05

512.

54

4.30

19

.24

13.8

6 77

.25

22.1

0 16

.77

P12

77

.523

08

13.0

2213

4.

07

6.79

9.

73

8.72

16

.83

8.56

16

3.06

3.

51

8.25

6.

29

6.27

3.

89

7.53

P

13

77.5

2716

13

.023

05

439.

45

5.75

10

8.22

13

.66

16.7

9 3.

94

647.

04

4.39

22

.18

6.62

17

5.79

16

.62

16.6

5 P

14

77.5

2705

13

.022

61

387.

12

5.63

67

.61

9.23

10

.70

7.84

45

0.40

2.

86

18.1

5 7.

31

230.

45

16.1

0 11

.85

P15

77

.527

86

13.0

2272

24

.23

6.23

15

.02

8.34

16

.80

8.85

15

0.88

2.

35

7.04

4.

40

17.0

0 89

.64

7.00

P

16

77.5

2694

13

.023

83

68.6

6 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

892.

31

0.00

6.

40

0.00

11

.41

62.4

1 23

.88

P17

77

.526

97

13.0

2502

3.

85

5.60

12

.03

11.3

2 11

.05

5.91

91

.60

2.95

2.

95

6.17

18

.93

3.86

6.

97

P18

77

.513

11

13.0

2436

37

.97

3.93

14

.44

11.1

8 38

.45

6.94

72

8.90

4.

61

28.3

8 7.

45

233.

59

87.7

1 19

.88

P19

77

.509

58

13.0

2436

42

.47

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

79

5.78

0.

00

3.80

0.

00

2.45

38

.72

12.4

2 P

20

77.5

0133

13

.016

58

27.1

6 4.

15

7.54

10

.77

17.4

3 4.

08

93.2

6 3.

11

5.96

7.

87

14.1

2 13

.23

6.58

P

21

77.5

0116

13

.016

3 37

.36

7.68

14

.15

10.5

5 12

.11

5.73

64

.34

2.16

5.

59

6.15

7.

05

10.5

7 7.

96

P22

77

.500

97

13.0

1655

12

7.12

4.

09

10.5

1 9.

59

18.9

1 5.

55

87.9

1 2.

29

3.15

8.

28

40.9

9 10

.65

8.31

P

23

77.5

0063

13

.016

19

39.0

8 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

142.

16

0.00

0.

00

0.00

9.

26

11.1

7 4.

28

P24

77

.502

58

13.0

1569

4.

92

8.48

11

.74

12.7

9 13

.08

5.22

81

.61

2.78

2.

49

7.26

12

.82

8.76

5.

91

P25

77

.502

97

13.0

1458

13

.93

7.37

11

.92

8.33

17

.18

3.79

11

9.03

2.

08

9.26

8.

46

31.1

3 13

.25

5.81

Tab

le 8

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy E

lem

ents

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re,

Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g Ja

nuar

y 20

17

All

va

lue

s in

pp

b

Sl.

No.

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

Latit

ude

0 N

Mn

Mo

Ni

Pb

Sb

Se

Sr

Th

U

V

Zn

B

Li

P26

77

.503

36

13.0

1588

3.

11

4.27

14

.85

9.27

14

.36

5.56

67

.03

2.81

3.

33

7.77

14

.22

7.40

6.

89

P27

77

.503

36

13.0

1475

3.

54

5.69

14

.84

8.53

14

.69

5.42

66

.13

2.67

9.

13

8.91

8.

21

6.25

6.

66

P28

77

.503

41

13.0

1436

5.

69

6.88

12

.05

8.50

19

.84

7.33

79

.03

2.83

6.

63

5.38

18

.24

6.38

8.

22

P29

77

.502

86

13.0

1286

97

.14

6.66

6.

40

9.71

17

.63

5.06

11

0.37

2.

39

8.37

6.

43

34.2

1 21

.58

8.38

P

30

77.5

0311

13

.011

27

63.7

0 5.

96

9.42

14

.02

19.3

3 4.

47

74.8

6 2.

75

5.55

6.

31

13.3

0 5.

42

7.57

P

31

77.5

038

13.0

1222

25

.91

4.29

16

.50

7.60

15

.16

4.69

83

.47

2.16

4.

79

6.06

8.

02

8.45

8.

73

P32

77

.510

69

13.0

2077

25

.26

5.55

9.

37

10.7

4 7.

85

4.51

63

8.97

4.

17

21.6

4 15

.08

31.5

9 23

.30

8.00

P

33

77.5

1277

13

.019

36

128.

85

8.05

11

.44

7.91

15

.02

8.32

1,

088.

01

3.42

29

.16

11.4

3 14

.36

19.7

3 10

.66

P34

77

.512

61

13.0

1969

4.

01

5.69

10

.03

10.3

9 9.

80

9.46

11

9.25

1.

76

4.06

4.

20

76.2

7 10

.97

7.63

P

35

77.5

138

13.0

1963

8.

32

9.10

7.

71

14.8

4 25

.82

9.16

16

8.13

2.

54

7.11

6.

81

133.

32

85.7

1 7.

82

P36

77

.514

02

13.0

1933

3.

31

5.42

45

.93

24.7

6 21

.80

8.32

63

.77

8.00

13

.31

20.1

5 14

.25

474.

16

6.36

P

37

77.5

1103

13

.022

58

93.1

8 5.

85

5.76

9.

79

50.3

7 9.

67

827.

62

5.12

22

.58

9.03

27

.42

120.

69

13.2

3 P

38

77.5

1261

13

.021

86

136.

27

4.83

9.

07

7.45

15

.54

6.65

77

3.62

4.

82

24.7

2 10

.50

210.

25

96.9

1 14

.50

P39

77

.514

33

13.0

2077

16

.30

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

18

3.03

0.

00

1.72

0.

00

2.00

58

.96

2.04

P

40

77.5

2463

13

.038

22

108.

61

0.00

22

.81

7.32

18

.21

7.32

59

2.02

2.

63

22.1

7 13

.75

368.

28

57.5

7 13

.37

P41

77

.523

94

13.0

3888

33

.95

6.20

31

.50

14.6

0 12

.12

6.19

43

5.27

2.

48

16.2

4 7.

78

191.

70

70.1

1 11

.88

P42

77

.525

52

13.0

3863

28

.23

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

63

8.57

0.

00

3.62

0.

00

45.4

1 58

.20

12.1

0 P

43

77.5

2513

13

.042

88

15.7

0 5.

75

12.2

4 11

.44

17.7

8 5.

40

507.

15

2.80

19

.04

13.3

3 89

.62

17.1

0 13

.34

P44

77

.513

14

13.0

391

25.3

2 11

.56

13.4

6 15

.89

8.26

2.

31

228.

45

3.31

10

.13

21.0

2 9.

70

50.0

0 7.

39

P45

77

.512

66

13.0

4202

69

.44

0.00

0.

00

25.1

6 0.

00

0.00

31

0.57

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

8.20

40

.11

6.32

P

46

77.5

1363

13

.017

44

16.9

9 0.

00

0.00

14

.12

0.00

0.

00

862.

57

0.00

6.

67

8.38

9.

27

33.0

1 9.

21

P47

77

.514

27

13.0

1633

74

.36

3.72

12

.00

13.8

8 15

.37

3.62

85

1.63

2.

67

21.0

7 10

.70

994.

90

33.5

1 9.

30

P48

77

.513

72

13.0

1197

11

9.55

4.

21

15.7

9 11

.66

18.5

1 2.

05

579.

55

2.79

19

.19

17.4

2 33

.60

30.3

3 15

.79

P49

77

.538

38

13.0

2002

18

.97

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

65

7.52

0.

00

4.65

0.

00

11.9

6 51

.81

7.43

P

50

77.5

4319

13

.018

11

19.0

9 4.

51

11.0

7 13

.07

21.6

2 8.

66

617.

38

2.39

20

.76

11.1

7 59

6.45

32

.83

11.9

6

Tab

le 8

Gro

undw

ater

and

sur

face

wat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy E

lem

ents

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re,

Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g Ja

nuar

y 20

17

All

va

lue

s in

pp

b

Sl.

No.

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

Latit

ude

0 N

Mn

Mo

Ni

Pb

Sb

Se

Sr

Th

U

V

Zn

B

Li

P51

77

.551

52

13.0

1963

23

.70

8.67

7.

58

8.90

24

.27

4.30

45

9.49

2.

46

20.6

7 9.

85

18.5

9 20

.42

25.3

0

P52

77

.493

94

13.0

2083

95

.69

5.11

11

.34

6.89

20

.39

2.87

84

.75

2.70

2.

68

10.1

2 13

.01

19.4

9 8.

75

P53

77

.494

55

13.0

1875

6.

07

4.76

12

.39

11.6

5 15

.08

6.85

12

8.54

3.

55

10.2

8 9.

77

14.0

2 7.

72

8.84

P54

77

.485

08

13.0

1558

17

.54

0.00

0.

00

17.8

3 0.

00

0.00

77

5.40

0.

00

4.72

0.

00

6.52

28

.51

21.6

2

P55

77

.485

16

13.0

2422

4.

05

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

12

2.02

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

2.

88

3.60

P56

77

.485

55

13.0

0555

23

.06

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

55

5.45

0.

00

4.76

4.

62

28.4

4 18

.38

40.2

7

P57

77

.487

13

12.9

9027

19

.44

0.00

0.

00

7.46

0.

00

0.00

61

6.72

0.

00

7.64

6.

44

21.1

7 23

.95

32.7

0

P59

77

.502

08

12.9

9577

19

.05

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

46

9.75

0.

00

4.51

19

.02

7.06

23

.40

16.3

4

P60

77

.509

8 13

.003

97

16.4

8 0.

00

0.00

16

.30

0.00

0.

00

185.

56

0.00

0.

80

0.00

1.

91

18.8

5 0.

00

P61

77

.510

77

13.0

0697

16

0.12

9.

57

7.48

7.

40

8.56

5.

14

155.

74

3.14

0.

00

9.92

15

.33

6.31

7.

85

P62

77

.505

61

13.0

0986

18

.34

0.00

0.

00

13.6

9 0.

00

0.00

46

6.30

0.

00

0.00

14

.45

11.2

2 25

.58

10.4

9

P63

77

.500

08

13.0

0869

30

.48

0.00

0.

00

19.7

4 0.

00

0.00

81

4.36

0.

00

3.20

5.

47

21.3

7 52

.70

31.7

2

P64

77

.495

63

13.0

0758

57

.13

9.86

16

.93

8.52

21

.98

2.94

55

0.96

3.

83

40.4

3 14

.99

18.2

8 32

.77

34.6

3

P65

77

.495

77

13.0

0297

17

.27

6.62

13

.32

11.5

0 9.

96

3.46

47

6.30

3.

04

18.5

8 17

.72

15.5

0 26

.22

25.6

0

P66

77

.504

15

13.0

3624

32

.36

5.77

12

.07

11.8

2 14

.44

3.49

57

4.28

3.

31

21.9

2 11

.33

143.

37

15.0

7 17

.99

P67

77

.504

65

13.0

4213

4.

54

0.00

0.

00

28.1

2 0.

00

0.00

9.

38

0.00

0.

00

0.00

6.

84

8.14

2.

81

P68

77

.503

34

13.0

418

22.8

8 5.

85

13.5

4 14

.16

10.8

7 4.

27

665.

15

4.08

21

.92

14.1

8 44

.22

19.5

6 16

.25

P69

77

.504

24

13.0

3933

42

.77

4.80

8.

31

7.36

16

.73

4.93

81

1.62

4.

42

23.3

6 13

.76

19.7

8 16

.86

15.1

3

P70

77

.506

36

13.0

3821

22

.39

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

98

.46

0.00

0.

00

0.00

2.

14

6.29

2.

33

P71

77

.506

79

13.0

3692

3.

13

7.31

12

.76

5.50

9.

20

4.62

80

.24

2.91

3.

56

8.28

12

.39

4.80

7.

74

Tab

le 9

a G

roun

dwat

er/S

urfa

ce w

ater

sam

ples

exc

eedi

ng th

e pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it (B

IS, 1

0500

) fo

r th

e m

ajor

ions

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

Pre

and

Pos

t-m

onso

on s

easo

n

Par

amet

ers

Max

imum

D

esira

ble

Lim

it (m

g/l)

(BIS

,105

00)

Max

imum

P

erm

issi

ble

Lim

it (m

g/l)

(BIS

,105

00)

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

Pre

-mon

soon

sea

son

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

P

re-m

onso

on s

easo

n ex

ceed

ing

perm

issi

ble

limit

Obs

Wel

l Nos

dur

ing

Pos

t-m

onso

on

seas

on

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

P

ost-

mon

soon

sea

son

exce

edin

g pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it

Min

(m

g/l)

Max

(m

g/l)

Min

(m

g/l)

Max

(m

g/l)

pH

6.5-

8.5

6.

5-8.

5

6.35

(P

46)

8.03

(P

6)

Nil

4.02

(P

14)

9.3

(P44

)

P

44 &

P54

T

DS

500m

g/l

20

00 m

g/l

570

(P7)

3200

(P

14)

P13

, P14

, P15

, P23

, P30

, P

36 &

P39

330

(P60

) 66

00

(P13

)

P

13, P

14, P

15 &

P36

Na

200

mg/

l 20

0 m

g/l

50.3

(P

46)

217

(P23

) P

23

40

.0

(P1)

368

(P13

)

P13

, P14

, P15

, P16

, P36

, P

41, P

44, P

45, P

48, P

49,

P50

, P52

, P54

, P55

, P56

, P

61, P

63, P

67, P

68, P

69,

P70

& P

71

K

12 m

g/l

N

o R

elax

atio

n

1.

4 (P

32)

40

.3

(P41

)

P14

, P16

, P18

, P21

, P29

, P

36, P

37, P

38, P

41, P

44,

P52

, P53

, P55

, P56

,P57

, P

58, P

59, P

60, P

61,P

63

& P

65

1.

0 (P

32)

42

.5

(P41

)

P13

, P14

, P18

, P21

, P41

, P

44, P

52, P

56, P

64, P

67

Ca

75 m

g/l

200

mg/

l

50

(P32

)

561

(P14

)

P10

, P12

, P14

, P15

, P16

, P

17, P

18, P

19, P

20, P

23,

P24

, P25

, P26

, P27

, P28

, P

29,P

30, P

33, P

34, P

35,

P36

, P39

, P44

, P49

, P53

, P

56, P

60, P

63 &

P64

21.2

4 (P

60)

1583

.2

(P13

)

P6,

P12

, P13

, P14

, P15

, P

16, P

23, P

29, P

30, P

31,

P

34, P

35, P

36, P

39, P

53,

P55

, P61

, P67

& P

68

Mg

30

mg

/l

10

0 m

g/l

0.9

(P7

)

31

5.2

4

(P1

3)

P2

, P

3,

P4

, P

8,

P9

, P

13

,

P1

4,

P2

1,

P2

2,

P3

0,

P3

1,

P3

2,

P3

6,

P4

6,

P5

2,

P5

4,

P5

6,

P6

1,

P6

2,

P6

3 &

P6

5

1.3

1

(P6

0)

10

93

(P1

3)

P1

3,

P1

4,

P1

5,

P2

2,

P2

3,

P2

9,

P3

1,

P3

6 &

P6

8

Tab

le 9

a G

roun

dwat

er/S

urfa

ce w

ater

sam

ples

exc

eedi

ng th

e pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it (B

IS, 1

0500

) fo

r th

e m

ajor

ions

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

Pre

and

Pos

t-m

onso

on s

easo

n (C

ont…

)

Par

amet

ers

Max

imum

D

esira

ble

Lim

it (m

g/l)

(BIS

,105

00)

Max

imum

P

erm

issi

ble

Lim

it (m

g/l)

(BIS

,105

00)

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

Pre

-mon

soon

sea

son

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

P

re-m

onso

on s

easo

n ex

ceed

ing

perm

issi

ble

limit

Obs

Wel

l Nos

dur

ing

Pos

t-m

onso

on

seas

on

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

P

ost-

mon

soon

sea

son

exce

edin

g pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it

Min

(m

g/l)

Max

(m

g/l)

Min

(m

g/l)

Max

(m

g/l)

SO

4

200

mg/

l

400

mg/

l

1.59

(P

55)

495

(P14

) P

14

14.0

59

(P36

) 19

0.65

(P

15)

Nil

NO

3

45 m

g/l

No

Rel

axat

ion

21

(P

10)

461

(P14

)

All

(exc

ept P

2, P

5, P

6, P

10 &

P

58)

1.01

(P

45)

121.

76

(P12

)

P3,

P5,

P12

, P15

, P16

, P

18, P

19, P

20, P

24, P

25,

P26

, P27

, P28

, P29

, P30

, P

31, P

35, P

36, P

37, P

39,

P43

, P54

, P59

, P61

, P63

, P

64, P

65, P

69 &

P71

Cl

250

mg/

l 10

00 m

g/l

58

(P

7)

984

(P61

) N

il 24

.25

(P21

) 32

51

(P13

) P

13 &

P14

F

1 m

g/l

1.5

mg/

l 0.

41

(P24

) 1.

99

(P7)

P3,

P7,

P16

, P22

, P27

, P

42, P

45, P

47, P

48 &

P

55

0.21

(P

6)

2.36

(P

15)

P13

, P14

, P15

, P17

, P20

, P

22 &

P48

HC

O3

200

mg/

l 60

0 m

g/l

53.6

8 (P

61)

536.

8 (P

31)

Nil

35.4

(P

36)

425.

8 (P

21)

Nil

Tab

le 9

b G

roun

dwat

er/S

urfa

ce w

ater

sam

ples

exc

eedi

ng th

e pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it (B

IS, 1

0500

) fo

r th

e he

avy

elem

ents

s in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g P

re a

nd P

ost-

mon

soon

sea

son

Par

amet

ers

Max

imum

D

esira

ble

Lim

it (m

g/l)

(B

IS-1

0500

)

Max

imum

P

erm

issi

ble

Lim

it (m

g/l)

(BIS

-105

00)

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

Pre

-mon

soon

sea

son

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

Pre

-mon

soon

sea

son

exce

edin

g pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

post

-mon

soon

Sea

son

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

post

-mon

soon

Sea

son

exce

edin

g pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it M

in

(p

pb)

Max

(p

pb)

Min

(p

pb)

Max

(p

pb)

Ag

0.1

mg/

l N

o R

elax

atio

n 0.

0000

17

(P52

) 0.

0024

11

(P31

) N

il 0

(P54

-P60

) 0.

0645

66

(P64

) N

il

Al

0.03

mg/

l

0.2

mg/

l

0.02

726

(P2)

0.96

75

(P58

)

All

(exc

ept P

1,P

2,P

3,P

4,

P5,

P6,

P7,

P8,

P9,

P10

, P

11,P

12,P

13,P

18,P

19,

P20

,P21

,P23

,P47

)

0 (P

45,P

46)

0.13

7479

(P

44)

Nil

As

0.01

mg/

l

0.05

mg/

l

0

(P31

) 0.

0133

3 (P

58)

Nil

0

(P

18-2

1)

0.04

0108

(P

45)

Nil

B

0.5

mg/

l 1.

0 m

g/l

0.06

892

(P12

) 6.

726

(P

36)

P15

, P36

,P39

, 0.

0028

83

(P55

) 0.

4741

63

(P36

) N

il

Ba

0.7

mg/

l 0.

7 m

g/l

0.01

524

(P47

) 0.

5452

(P

14)

Nil

0.00

854

(P39

) 0.

5518

11

(P21

) N

il

Be

0.01

mg/

l N

o R

elax

atio

n 0.

0001

66

(P11

) 0.

0104

7 (P

36)

P36

0

(P70

) 0.

0010

56

(P68

) N

il

Cd

0.02

mg/

l

0.03

mg/

l

0.00

0037

(P

52)

0.00

449

(P30

) N

il 0

(P54

-P60

) 0.

0070

67

(P36

) N

il

Tab

le 9

b G

roun

dwat

er/S

urfa

ce w

ater

sam

ples

exc

eedi

ng th

e pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it (B

IS, 1

0500

) fo

r th

e he

avy

elem

ents

s in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g P

re a

nd P

ost-

mon

soon

sea

son

(C

ont…

.)

Par

amet

ers

Max

imum

D

esira

ble

Lim

it (m

g/l)

(B

IS-1

0500

)

Max

imum

P

erm

issi

ble

Lim

it (m

g/l)

(BIS

-105

00)

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

Pre

-mon

soon

sea

son

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

Pre

-mon

soon

sea

son

exce

edin

g pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

post

-mon

soon

Sea

son

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

post

-mon

soon

Sea

son

exce

edin

g pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it M

in

(p

pb)

Max

(p

pb)

Min

(ppb

) M

ax

(ppb

)

Co

0.04

mg/

l N

o R

elax

atio

n 0.

0003

17

(P7)

0.

1754

(P

14)

P14

0

(P

54-P

60)

0.28

9419

(P

13)

P13

,P14

Cr

0.05

mg/

l

No

Rel

axat

ion

0.00

1052

(P

2)

33.9

6

(P35

)

P7,

P8,

P9,

P12

,P13

,P14

,P

15,P

16,P

18,P

19,P

20,

P24

,P25

,P26

,P27

,P28

,P29

,P30

,P31

,P32

,P33

,P3

5,P

37,P

38,P

39

0

(P54

-P60

) 15

.012

15

(P7)

P7,

P8,

P9,

P10

,P12

,P15

,P18

,P19

,P24

,P25

,P26

,P

27,P

28,P

29,P

30,P

32,

P33

,P34

,P35

,P37

,P38

,P

39,P

70

Cr+

6 0.

05 m

g/l

No

Rel

axat

ion

0

(P

40-P

49)

0.07

502

(P35

) P

15,P

35

0

(P

40-P

71)

14.3

49

P7

P7,

P8,

P9,

P12

,P15

, P

18,P

19,P

24,P

25,P

26,

P27

,P28

,P29

,P30

,P32

,P

33,P

35,P

37,P

39

Cu

0.05

mg/

l 1.

5 m

g/l

0.00

0538

(P

1)

0.11

4

(P14

) N

il 0

(P54

,P55

) 0.

3511

19

(P14

) N

il

Fe

0.3

mg/

l N

o R

elax

atio

n 0.

1259

(P

7)

5.65

3 (P

14)

P6,

P12

,P13

,P14

,P15

, P

16,P

18,P

19,P

20,P

24,

P25

,P26

,P27

,P28

,P29

, P

30,P

31,P

32,P

33,P

35,

P37

,P38

,P39

,P40

,P45

,P46

,P52

,P53

,P54

,P55

, P

61

0

(P

23)

6.63

403(

P14

) P

14

Tab

le 9

b G

roun

dwat

er/S

urfa

ce w

ater

sam

ples

exc

eedi

ng th

e pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it (B

IS, 1

0500

) fo

r th

e he

avy

elem

ents

s in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g P

re a

nd P

ost-

mon

soon

sea

son

(C

ont…

.)

Par

amet

ers

Max

imum

Des

irabl

e Li

mit

(mg/

l)

(BIS

-105

00)

Max

imum

P

erm

issi

ble

Lim

it (m

g/l)

(B

IS-1

0500

)

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. du

ring

prem

onso

on

Sea

son

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

pre-

mon

soon

Sea

son

exce

edin

g pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

post

-mon

soon

S

easo

n

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

post

-mon

soon

Sea

son

exce

edin

g pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it M

in

(ppb

)

M

ax

(ppb

) M

in

(ppb

) M

ax

(ppb

)

Hg

0.01

m

g/l

No

Rel

axat

ion

0.00

1 (P

62)

0.09

24

(P52

) P

52

0

(P5-

P15

) (P

24-P

41)

0.00

434

(P56

) N

il

Li

2.5

mg/

l N

o R

elax

atio

n 0.

0014

6(P

7)

0.07

466

(P65

) N

il 0

(P

60)

0.04

027

(P56

) N

il

Mn

0.1

mg/

l 0.

3 m

g/l

0.00

793

(P11

) 8.

601

(P14

)

P6,

P8,

P10

,P13

,P14

, P

22,P

23,P

29,P

34,

P45

,P52

,P61

0.00

3109

(P

26)

0.73

152

(P6)

P

5,P

6,P

8,P

9,P

13,P

14

Mo

0.05

mg/

l N

o R

elax

atio

n 0.

0002

2(P

2)

0.00

356

(P31

) N

il 0

(P54

-P60

) 0.

0115

5(P

44)

Nil

Ni

0.02

m

g/l

No

Rel

axat

ion

0.00

351

(P7)

0.

5667

(P

36)

P16

,P29

,P30

,P31

, P

35,P

36,P

40,P

41,

P48

, P52

,P61

0

(P

54-P

60)

0.10

822

(P13

) P

13,P

40,P

41

Pb

0.01

mg/

l N

o R

elax

atio

n 0.

0000

9(P

11)

0.00

661

(P58

) N

il 0

(P

4,P

16)

0.02

811

(P67

)

P1,

P5,

P6,

P11

,P13

,P17

,P

18,P

20,P

21,P

24,P

30,

P32

,P34

,P35

,P36

,P41

, P

43,P

44,P

45,P

46,P

47,

P48

,P53

,P54

,P60

,P62

, P

63, P

65,P

66,P

67,P

68

Tab

le 9

b G

roun

dwat

er/S

urfa

ce w

ater

sam

ples

exc

eedi

ng th

e pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it (B

IS, 1

0500

) fo

r th

e he

avy

elem

ents

s in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g P

re a

nd P

ost-

mon

soon

sea

son

(C

ont…

.)

Par

amet

ers

Max

imum

Des

irabl

e Li

mit

(mg/

l)

(BIS

-105

00)

Max

imum

P

erm

issi

ble

Lim

it (m

g/l)

(B

IS-1

0500

)

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. du

ring

prem

onso

on

Sea

son

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

pre-

mon

soon

Sea

son

exce

edin

g pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

post

-mon

soon

S

easo

n

Obs

Wel

l Nos

. dur

ing

post

-mon

soon

Sea

son

exce

edin

g pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it

Min

(p

pb)

Max

(p

pb)

Min

(ppb

)

Max

(p

pb)

Se

0.01

mg/

l N

o R

elax

atio

n 0.

0027

4(P

41)

0.02

296

(P58

) P

44,P

47, P

58

0

(P54

-P

60)

0.00

967(

P37

) N

il

U

0.1B

q/l

No

Rel

axat

ion

Nil

Nil

V

0.1

mg/

l N

o R

elax

atio

n

N

il

N

il

Zn

5 m

g/l

15 m

g/l

0.00

279

(P11

) 1.

69

(P2)

N

il 0

(P55

) 0.

9949

(P47

) N

il

Tab

le 1

0a G

roun

dwat

er s

ampl

e lo

catio

ns in

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

dur

ing

July

201

5 (D

ata

Pro

vide

d by

KS

PC

B)

SI.

No

Latit

ude

0 N

Long

itude

0 E

N

ame

of th

e In

dust

ry

1

13.0

2303

77

.527

16

Uni

tex

App

arel

s(P

) Lt

d., N

o.25

2, 3

rd P

hase

, PIA

2

13.0

3129

77

.519

65

Alu

fit In

dia.

, No.

369,

I S

tage

, PIE

3

13.0

3018

77

.519

59

Adi

thya

Indu

strie

s, N

o.B

-376

, 1st

Sta

ge, P

IE

4 13

.031

38

77.5

1711

A

nglo

Fre

nch

Dru

g &

Indu

strie

s Lt

d., P

lot N

o. 4

, 2nd

Pha

se, P

IA

5 13

.034

63

77.5

086

G.V

.Ent

erpr

ises

, Plo

t No.

17F

, II P

hase

, PIA

6

13.0

3293

77

.510

72

KA

PL

Ltd.

, No.

14, I

I Pha

se, P

IA

7 13

.024

3 77

.513

G

owri

Sha

nkar

Eng

inee

ring

Indu

strie

s, N

o. 2

69, I

V P

hase

, PIA

, 8

13.0

2279

77

.511

06

Gar

den

City

Fas

hion

s (P

) Lt

d., P

lot N

o. 3

56 &

317

, IV

Pha

se, P

IA

9 13

.019

68

77.5

1373

K

otak

Urja

Pvt

Ltd

., N

o.37

8, IV

Pha

se, P

IA

10

13.0

1966

77

.513

83

Kon

govi

., N

o.37

7, 1

0th

Cro

ss, I

V P

hase

, PIA

11

13

.018

9 77

.513

13

Met

al S

tora

ge S

yste

ms,

No.

409,

IV P

hase

, PIA

12

13

.020

76

77.5

1065

B

io-P

harm

a D

rugs

and

Pha

rmac

eutic

als.

,No.

399,

IV P

hase

, PIA

13

13

.014

33

77.5

0338

A

dars

ha C

ontr

ol S

yste

ms

(P)

Ltd.

, No.

273

, 2nd

Sta

ge, P

IA

14

13.0

1462

77

.502

93

Hot

Dip

Gal

vani

sing

, No.

B-3

05 &

306

, II S

tage

, PIE

, Ban

galo

re -

58

15

13.0

1477

77

.503

37

Bha

ndri

For

ging

s P

vt L

td.,

No.

A-2

71 &

272

, 6th

Mai

n, II

Sta

ge, P

IE

16

13.0

1126

77

.503

15

MB

S M

etal

Fin

ishe

rs.,

No.

V-2

0, II

Sta

ge, P

IE

17

13.0

2205

77

.522

96

Son

a E

ngin

eerin

g F

abric

ator

Pvt

Ltd

., N

o.15

9, 1

0th

Mai

n, II

I Pha

se

18

13.0

2381

77

.526

92

Indi

an D

esig

ns E

xpor

ts (

P)

Ltd.

, No.

243

/243

(a),

3rd

Pha

se, P

IA

19

13.0

1219

77

.503

82

Spe

ctro

nic

Pla

ting

Pvt

Ltd

., N

o.A

-152

, II S

tage

, PIE

20

13.0

2186

77

.512

6 C

reat

ive

Gar

men

ts.,

No.

351,

IV P

hase

, PIA

(B

orew

ell-1

) 21

13

.016

07

77.5

0165

B

MD

Mac

hine

ry In

dia

Pvt

Ltd

., N

o.53

7/A

, IV

Pha

se, P

IA

22

13.0

2448

77

.508

05

Pee

nya

Gem

khan

a H

otel

., II

Pha

se, P

IA

23

13.0

2305

77

.527

31

Uni

tex

App

arel

s(P

) Lt

d., N

o.25

2, II

I Pha

se, P

IA F

ornt

Gat

e 24

13

.012

86

77.5

0286

T

rinity

ND

T E

ngin

eerin

g 25

13

.015

69

77.5

0258

S

ri N

itya

Pac

kagi

ng C

ompa

ny

26

13.0

3044

77

.519

38

Rep

lica

Xer

ogra

phy

Pvt

Ltd

Tab

le 1

0b G

roun

dwat

er s

ampl

e lo

catio

ns in

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

dur

ing

July

201

6 (D

ata

Pro

vide

d by

KS

PC

B)

SI.

No

Latit

ude

0 N

Long

itude

0 E

N

ame

of th

e In

dust

ry

1

13.0

2303

77

.527

16

Uni

tex

App

arel

s(P

) Lt

d., N

o.25

2, 3

rd P

hase

, PIA

(Bac

k ga

te)

2 13

.031

29

77.5

1965

A

lufit

Indi

a., N

o.36

9, I

Sta

ge, P

IE

3 13

.031

23

77.5

1961

K

iran

Met

al F

inis

hers

, No.

370

/2, 1

st S

tage

, PIE

4

13.0

3018

77

.519

59

Adi

thya

Indu

strie

s, N

o.B

-376

, 1st

Sta

ge, P

IE

5 13

.031

38

77.5

1711

A

nglo

Fre

nch

Dru

g &

Indu

strie

s Lt

d., P

lot N

o. 4

, 2nd

Pha

se, P

IA

9 13

.034

63

77.5

086

G.V

.Ent

erpr

ises

, Plo

t No.

17F

, II P

hase

, PIA

10

13

.032

93

77.5

1072

K

AP

L Lt

d., N

o.14

, II P

hase

, PIA

12

13

.020

77

77.5

1433

M

etal

Art

s., N

o.34

4, IV

Pha

se, P

IA

13

13.0

2279

77

.511

06

Gar

den

City

Fas

hion

s (P

) Lt

d., P

lot N

o. 3

56 &

317

, IV

Pha

se, P

IA

14

13.0

1968

77

.513

73

Kot

ak U

rja P

vt L

td.,

No.

378,

IV P

hase

, PIA

15

13

.019

66

77.5

1383

K

ongo

vi.,

No.

377,

10t

h C

ross

, IV

Pha

se, P

IA

16

13.0

189

77.5

1313

M

etal

Sto

rage

Sys

tem

s, N

o.40

9, IV

Pha

se, P

IA

17

13.0

2076

77

.510

65

Bio

-Pha

rma

Dru

gs a

nd P

harm

aceu

tical

s.,N

o.39

9, IV

Pha

se, P

IA

18

13.0

1433

77

.503

38

Ada

rsha

Con

trol

Sys

tem

s (P

) Lt

d., N

o. 2

73, 2

nd S

tage

, PIA

19

13

.014

62

77.5

0293

H

ot D

ip G

alva

nisi

ng, N

o.B

-305

& 3

06, I

I Sta

ge, P

IE, B

anga

lore

-58

20

13

.014

77

77.5

0337

B

hand

ri F

orgi

ngs

Pvt

Ltd

., N

o.A

-271

& 2

72, 6

th M

ain,

II S

tage

, PIE

21

13

.022

05

77.5

2296

S

ona

Eng

inee

ring

Fab

ricat

or P

vt L

td.,

No.

159,

10t

h M

ain,

III P

hase

22

13

.023

81

77.5

2692

In

dian

Des

igns

Exp

orts

(P

) Lt

d., N

o. 2

43/2

43(a

), 3

rd P

hase

, PIA

23

13

.012

19

77.5

0382

S

pect

roni

c P

latin

g P

vt L

td.,

No.

A-1

52, I

I Sta

ge, P

IE

24

13.0

2186

77

.512

6 C

reat

ive

Gar

men

ts.,

No.

351,

IV P

hase

, PIA

(B

orew

ell-1

) 25

13

.015

64

77.5

0011

A

luto

p., N

o.P

-26,

C II

I Sta

ge, P

IE

26

13.0

1607

77

.501

65

BM

D M

achi

nery

Indi

a P

vt L

td.,

No.

537/

A, I

V P

hase

, PIA

27

13

.024

48

77.5

0805

P

eeny

a G

emkh

ana

Hot

el.,

II P

hase

, PIA

28

13

.016

26

77.4

9909

S

NS

Indu

strie

s., N

o.P

-26,

III

Sta

ge, P

IE

29

13.0

2305

77

.527

31

Uni

tex

App

arel

s(P

) Lt

d., N

o.25

2, II

I Pha

se, P

IA F

ornt

Gat

e 30

13

.015

58

77.4

8508

P

ublic

Bor

ewel

l nea

r S

ri M

unes

hwar

a T

empl

e la

ke

31

13.0

0905

77

.492

48

Pub

lic B

orew

ell n

ear

Thi

gala

rapa

lya

Lake

32

13

.009

05

77.4

9248

B

orew

ell i

n M

/s. M

V In

dust

ries,

And

hara

halli

Lak

e 33

13

.039

1 77

.513

14

Pub

lic B

orew

ell n

ear

T.D

asar

ahal

li La

ke

34

13.0

3044

77

.519

38

Rep

lica

Xer

ogra

phy

35

13.0

1286

77

.502

86

Trin

ity N

DT

Eng

inee

ring

36

13.0

1569

77

.502

58

Sri

Nity

a pa

ckag

ing

com

pany

37

13

.016

58

77.5

0133

P

ublic

Bor

e w

ell N

ear

as S

urfa

ce F

inis

hers

Tab

le 1

0c G

roun

dwat

er a

nd s

urfa

ce w

ater

Qua

lity

Ana

lysi

s fo

r M

ajor

Ions

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re,

Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g Ju

ly 2

015

(Dat

a P

rovi

ded

by K

SP

CB

, Ban

galo

re)

A

ll v

alu

es

in m

g/l

exc

ep

t p

H

SI.

No.

pH

T

urbi

dity

TD

S

S

O4

Cl

NO

3

Tot

al

Har

dnes

s

Ca

Mg

F

Tot

al

Alk

alin

ity

A

mm

onia

1 7

12

2412

16

0 66

8 14

0 93

5 18

1 11

7 0.

68

412

0.8

2 6.

6 27

62

4 61

84

28

.65

378

84

41

0.79

23

4 2

3 6.

8 7

1536

30

9 38

8 22

.9

869

201

89

0.22

33

6 0.

5 4

6.9

2 99

8 64

21

6 20

.15

513

124

49

0.36

36

3 0.

1 5

6.9

0.2

1298

17

3 29

6 55

.14

736

137

96

0.33

42

6 0.

2 6

6.7

14

1392

33

2 30

0 23

.9

820

180

90

0.23

29

8 0.

2 7

6.9

0.2

1712

17

2 48

3 42

.95

866

239

66

0.16

41

4 0.

3 8

7 0.

3 11

32

112

326

49.9

5 60

5 14

3 60

0.

2 31

6 0.

5 9

6.4

4 16

48

93

525

83.1

83

0 22

5 65

0.

27

351

0.07

10

6.

6 2

1758

14

4 46

1 12

0.7

900

228

80

0.24

47

7 0.

06

11

6.7

2 13

48

87

346

81.2

78

7 18

1 81

0.

3 41

2 0.

06

12

6.8

0 11

40

116

248

44.2

73

2 16

3 79

0.

29

432

0.07

13

6.

7 0.

2 15

98

141

438

110

832

184

90

0.5

316

0.5

14

6.6

0.5

1442

14

1 36

5 80

74

3 15

8 84

0.

71

351

0.07

15

6.

6 0.

3 10

74

244

251

120

315

60

40

0.6

477

0.06

16

6.

6 1

1758

22

6 39

4 19

0 10

06

215

114

0.3

412

0.06

17

6.

4 0.

3 16

62

103

407

92

602

128

69

0.4

432

0.07

18

6.

9 0.

1 18

84

186

536

150

914

225

85

0.2

385

0.06

19

6.

9 0

2214

16

3 71

2 73

.4

993

216

110

0.35

39

4 0.

2 20

6.

9 1

1378

15

1 36

9 30

.7

773

190

72

0.08

31

6 0.

05

21

6.7

0.3

1318

15

0 25

4 14

0 78

8 15

1 99

0.

39

473

0.4

22

7.4

1.3

1488

24

2 34

6 45

.1

855

146

119

0.12

40

6 0.

1 23

6.

4 0.

1 33

72

208

1207

21

3 13

37

323

129

0.42

43

7 0.

4 24

6.

6 2

2308

32

1 65

1 11

2.5

1099

27

7 99

0.

4 51

4 0.

2 25

6.

9 0.

4 15

16

88

451

86

772

191

72

0.5

353

0.08

26

6.

6 1.

7 74

2 72

14

3 33

.65

435

105

42

0.34

28

7 0.

4

Tab

le 1

0d G

roun

dwat

er a

nd s

urfa

ce w

ater

Qua

lity

Ana

lysi

s fo

r M

ajor

Ions

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re,

Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g Ju

ly 2

016

(Dat

a P

rovi

ded

by K

SP

CB

, Ban

galo

re)

A

ll v

alu

es

in m

g/l

exc

ep

t p

H

SI.

No.

La

titud

e 0 N

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

pH

T

urbi

dity

TD

S

S

O4

Cl

NO

3 T

otal

H

ardn

ess

Ca

Mg

Tot

al

Alk

alin

ity

F

Am

mon

ia

1 13

.023

03

77.5

2716

6

74

6548

29

2 28

81

179

2935

62

7 33

2 49

8 0.

17

1.5

2 13

.031

29

77.5

1965

6.

6 62

49

0 58

53

5.

73

294

67

31

262

3.8

0.33

3

13.0

3123

77

.519

61

6.8

0.5

858

83

164

8.03

45

0 10

6 45

31

2 0.

28

0.02

4

13.0

3018

77

.519

59

6.4

0.3

1206

13

2 27

0 3.

36

495

114

51

344

0.19

0.

01

5 13

.031

38

77.5

1711

6.

5 3.

4 10

20

45

239

4.74

51

9 12

0 53

37

3 0.

26

0.1

9 13

.034

63

77.5

086

7 0.

3 11

06

139

240

11.7

9 64

3 13

8 73

37

8 0.

26

0.01

5 10

13

.032

93

77.5

1072

6.

5 8.

6 15

78

282

362

3.4

897

209

91

304

0.16

0.

1 12

13

.020

77

77.5

1433

6.

7 1

1822

35

4 45

1 12

.06

941

197

109

287

0.18

0.

011

13

13.0

2279

77

.511

06

6.8

0.4

1264

12

5 29

7 15

.75

629

144

65

422

0.13

0.

04

14

13.0

1968

77

.513

73

6.5

0.5

1600

11

9 46

2 5.

41

826

182

90

347

0.17

0.

1 15

13

.019

66

77.5

1383

6.

4 1.

2 17

64

248

438

70

976

203

114

408

0.16

0.

09

16

13.0

189

77.5

1313

7.

2 0.

7 26

8 17

61

0

184

37

22

78

0.1

0.2

17

13.0

2076

77

.510

65

7.1

1.1

1130

11

6 24

3 17

.8

726

157

81

396

0.21

0.

05

18

13.0

1433

77

.503

38

6.8

1.4

1312

99

32

4 3.

06

537

118

59

367

0.34

0.

1 19

13

.014

62

77.5

0293

7

1.5

864

125

194

25.9

45

6 96

53

21

0 0.

4 0.

2 20

13

.014

77

77.5

0337

7.

9 0.

8 10

28

97

260

5.15

50

8 11

3 54

20

1 0.

3 0.

1 21

13

.022

05

77.5

2296

6.

4 0.

8 15

24

158

419

24.5

81

2 20

1 75

36

7 0.

26

0.07

22

13

.023

81

77.5

2692

6.

9 1

1480

12

5 43

5 11

.03

740

169

77

386

0.16

0.

11

23

13.0

1219

77

.503

82

6.9

0.6

1696

15

0 48

6 0

812

164

97

374

0.25

0.

1 24

13

.021

86

77.5

126

6.6

0.6

1292

47

37

8 1.

08

837

194

86

337

0.11

0.

1 25

13

.015

64

77.5

0011

7.

1 14

23

22

160

901

14.4

7 10

85

235

121

330

0.24

0.

135

26

13.0

1607

77

.501

65

6.6

1.8

1264

10

8 28

6 5.

52

594

126

68

369

0.33

0.

1 27

13

.024

48

77.5

0805

6.

8 0.

6 14

62

232

330

1.13

84

3 19

9 84

46

3 0.

09

0.01

28

13

.016

26

77.4

9909

6.

7 4.

2 17

60

123

544

7.67

79

2 20

4 69

34

6 0.

26

0.1

Tab

le 1

0d G

roun

dwat

er a

nd s

urfa

ce w

ater

Qua

lity

Ana

lysi

s fo

r M

ajor

Ions

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re,

Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g Ju

ly 2

016

(Dat

a P

rovi

ded

by K

SP

CB

, Ban

galo

re)

(Con

t…)

SI.

No.

La

titud

e 0 N

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

pH

T

urbi

dity

TD

S

S

O4

Cl

NO

3 T

otal

H

ardn

ess

Ca

Mg

Tot

al

Alk

alin

ity

F

Am

mon

ia

29

13

.023

05

77.5

2731

6.

1 0.

9 62

88

275

2733

16

7.5

2864

58

3 34

2 50

7 0.

15

0.1

30

13.0

1558

77

.485

08

6.9

1 18

50

70

628

12.0

3 85

2 20

3 84

0.

17

486

0.13

31

13

.009

05

77.4

9248

6.

5 2

2374

12

3 55

5 3.

8 11

87

242

141

461

0.2

0.2

32

13.0

0905

77

.492

48

6.5

3 14

90

142

289

20.7

69

8 14

2 83

24

6 0.

2 0.

2 33

13

.039

1 77

.513

14

7.2

2 93

2 40

.2

160

19

268

55

32

306

0.4

0.2

34

13.0

3044

77

.519

38

7.6

0.4

312

16

34

11.8

4 17

8 42

18

15

9 0.

3 0.

002

35

13.0

1286

77

.502

86

7 2

1866

31

8 47

3 15

.12

985

209

112

426

0.25

0.

103

36

13.0

1569

77

.502

58

6.9

1 13

72

192

346

42.0

4 79

2 16

6 92

35

0 0.

36

0.1

37

13.0

1658

77

.501

33

6.8

1.2

1510

18

3 40

7 45

.8

808

193

79

378

0.41

0.

3

Tab

le 1

0e G

roun

dwat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy E

lem

ents

in th

e P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

July

201

5

(Dat

a P

rovi

ded

by K

SP

CB

, Ban

galo

re)

All

va

lue

s in

mg

/l

SI.

N

o.

Latit

ude

0 N

Long

itude

0 E

S

ulph

ide

C

yani

de

C

u Z

n F

e M

n P

b C

d T

otal

C

r N

i 1

13.0

2303

77

.527

16

0 0

0 0.

05

1 1

0 0

0.2

0 2

13.0

3129

77

.519

65

0 0

0 0.

01

3 0.

04

0 0

4 0

3 13

.030

18

77.5

1959

0

0 0

0.02

2

3 0

0 7.

3 0

4 13

.031

38

77.5

1711

0

0 0

0.03

0.

45

0.22

0

0 4.

5 0

5 13

.034

63

77.5

086

0 0

0 0.

04

0.2

0.1

0 0

0 0

6 13

.032

93

77.5

1072

0

0 0

0.03

1.

56

1.12

0

0 7.

35

0 7

13.0

243

77.5

13

0 0

0 1

0.2

0.04

0

0 5

0 8

13.0

2279

77

.511

06

0 0

0 0.

1 0.

06

0 0

0 2

0 9

13.0

1968

77

.513

73

0 0

0 0.

7 0.

73

0.12

0

0 6

0

10

13.0

1966

77

.513

83

0 0

0 0.

34

0.12

0

0 0

33

0 11

13

.018

9 77

.513

13

0 0

0 0.

01

0.06

0.

03

0 0

0.21

0

12

13.0

2076

77

.510

65

0 0

0 0.

01

0.07

0.

03

0 0

1.63

0

13

13.0

1433

77

.503

38

0 0

0 0.

1 0.

2 0

0 0

3 0

14

13.0

1462

77

.502

93

0 0

0 0.

2 0.

5 0.

1 0

0 1.

6 0

15

13.0

1477

77

.503

37

0 0

0 0.

03

0.3

0 0

0 2

0 16

13

.011

26

77.5

0315

0

0 0.

1 0.

1 0.

3 0.

7 0

0 57

0

17

13.0

2205

77

.522

96

0 0

0 0.

02

0.2

0 0

0 10

0

18

13.0

2381

77

.526

92

0 0

0.03

0.

03

0.4

0.1

0 0

0.1

0 19

13

.012

19

77.5

0382

0

0 0

0.09

0.

12

0.07

0

0 0.

93

0 20

13

.021

86

77.5

126

0 0

0 0.

2 0.

22

0.13

0

0 1.

04

0

21

13.0

160

77.5

0165

0

0 0

1 0.

4 0

0 0

2 0

22

13.0

244

77.5

0805

0

0 0

0 0.

1 0.

01

0 0

2 0

23

13.0

2305

77

.527

31

0 0

0 0.

01

0.1

0.6

0 0

0.2

0

24

13.0

1286

77

.502

86

0 0

0 0.

15

0.78

1.

6 0

0 6.

15

0 25

13

.015

69

77.5

0258

0

0 0

0.1

0.1

0 0

0 2

0 26

13

.030

44

77.5

1938

0

0 0

0 1

0.1

0 0

14

0

Tab

le 1

0f G

roun

dwat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy E

lem

ents

in th

e P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

July

201

6

(Dat

a P

rovi

ded

by K

SP

CB

, Ban

galo

re)

All

va

lue

s in

mg

/l

SI.

No.

La

titud

e 0 N

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

CN

H2S

B

Cu

Pb

Zn

Ni

Tot

al

Cr

Mn

Cd

Fe

Cr+

6

1 13

.023

03

77.5

2716

0

0 0

0.1

0.2

0.4

0 3.

2 16

.6

0 6.

2 0.

75

2 13

.031

29

77.5

1965

0

0 0

0 0

0.2

0 5.

9 0.

1 0

6.2

2.4

3 13

.031

23

77.5

1961

0

0 0

0 0

0.05

0

8.7

0.1

0 0.

1 6.

15

4 13

.030

18

77.5

1959

0

0 0

0 0

0.05

0

4.8

0 0

0.1

4.3

5 13

.031

38

77.5

1711

0

0 0

0 0

0.05

0

4.2

0.2

0 0.

1 3.

8 6

13.0

3463

77

.508

6 0

0 0

0 0

0.1

0 0

0.1

0 0.

1 0

7 13

.032

93

77.5

1072

0

0 0

0 0

0.1

0 1.

4 4.

2 0

5.7

0 8

13.0

2077

77

.514

33

0 0

0 0

0 0.

5 0

29.2

0

0 0.

1 0.

8 9

13.0

2279

77

.511

06

0 0

0 0

0 0.

1 0

17.1

0.

04

0 0.

1 4.

95

10

13.0

1968

77

.513

73

0 0

0 0

0 0.

6 0

1.2

0.2

0 0.

2 0.

62

11

13.0

1966

77

.513

83

0 0

0 0

0 0.

5 0

53.7

0

0 0.

3 21

.25

12

13.0

189

77.5

1313

0

0 0

0 0

0.1

0 4.

4 0.

04

0 0.

2 2.

3 13

13

.020

76

77.5

1065

0

0 0

0 0

0.04

0

1.3

0 0

0.1

0.75

14

13

.014

33

77.5

0338

0

0 0

0 0

0.1

0 4.

3 0

0 0.

3 2.

5 15

13

.014

62

77.5

0293

0

0 0

0 0

0.3

0 1.

1 0.

1 0

0.6

0.85

16

13.0

1477

77

.503

37

0 0

0 0

0 0.

1 0

2.2

0 0

0.1

1.8

17

13.0

2205

77

.522

96

0 0

0 0

0 0.

1 0

40.3

0

0 0.

2 11

18

13

.023

81

77.5

2692

0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0.

1 0

0.1

0 19

13

.012

19

77.5

0382

0

0 0

0 0

0.1

0 0.

6 0.

04

0 0.

1 0.

4 20

13

.021

86

77.5

126

0 0

0 0

0 0.

3 0

0.5

0.2

0 0.

1 0.

29

21

13.0

1564

77

.500

1 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0.

7 0

1.8

0 22

13

.016

07

77.5

016

0 0

0 0

0.2

0.1

0.2

2.1

7.1

0 0.

1 1.

7 23

13

.024

48

77.5

080

0 0

0 0

0 0.

1 0

4.8

0 0

0.05

4

24

13.0

1626

77

.499

09

0 0

0 0

0 0.

1 0

0 1.

6 0

0.1

0.06

25

13

.023

05

77.5

2731

0

0 0

0 0

0.04

0

1.1

0 0

0.05

0.

75

Tab

le 1

0f G

roun

dwat

er Q

ualit

y A

naly

sis

for

Hea

vy E

lem

ents

in th

e P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

dur

ing

July

201

6

(Dat

a P

rovi

ded

by K

SP

CB

, Ban

galo

re)

(Con

t…)

All

va

lue

s in

mg

/l

SI.

No.

La

titud

e 0 N

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

CN

H2S

B

Cu

Pb

Zn

Ni

Tot

al

Cr

Mn

Cd

Fe

Cr+

6 26

13

.015

58

77.4

9455

0

0

0 0

0.05

0.

02

0 0.

02

0 0.

2 0

27

13.0

1558

77

.485

08

0 0

0 0

0 0

0.00

8 0

0.04

0

0.46

0

28

13.0

0905

77

.492

48

0 0

0 0.

006

0 0

0.02

0.

05

0.48

0

5.7

0

29

13.0

391

77.5

1314

0

0 0

0.00

5 0

0 0.

008

0.03

0.

3 0

0.3

0 30

13

.030

44

77.5

1938

0

0 0

0 0

0 0

7.2

2.3

0 0.

3 0

31

13.0

1286

77

.502

86

0 0

0 0

0 0.

1 0

6.2

1 0

0.3

0 32

13

.015

69

77.5

0258

0

0 0

0 0

0.04

0

3.4

0 0

0.1

1.4

33

13.0

1658

77

.501

33

0 0

0 0

0 0.

1 0

0.4

0.2

0 0.

1 0.

37

Tab

le 1

1a L

ocat

ion

of S

oil s

ampl

e co

llect

ed in

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka

(Dat

a P

rovi

ded

by K

SP

CB

, Ban

galo

re)

Sl.

No.

La

titud

e Lo

ngitu

de

Loca

tion

1 13

.022

611

77.5

2713

U

nite

x A

ppar

els

Ltd.

, No.

252

, III

Pha

se

2 13

.022

72

77.5

2569

P

roje

ct C

onsu

ltanc

y F

acto

ry, N

ear

Son

a E

ngin

eerin

g &

Fab

ricat

ion

Pvt

. Ltd

3

13.0

3030

5 77

.519

277

New

Lin

e P

rinte

rs, S

tage

I, N

ear

Sur

ya H

ard

Chr

ome

4 13

.031

11

77.5

1786

1 A

nglo

Fre

nch

Dru

gs &

Indu

strie

s P

vt. L

td.,

Pha

se II

5 13

.016

5 77

.501

33

Nea

r A

S S

urfa

ce F

inis

hers

, Sta

ge II

I

6 13

.011

77

77.5

0297

2 A

mbi

ka In

dust

ries,

No.

V-4

8, S

tage

II

7 13

.019

25

77.5

1405

5 K

ongo

vi E

lect

roni

cs, N

o. 3

77, P

hase

IV

8 13

.038

888

77.5

2397

2 E

TP

of W

ipro

Infr

astr

uctu

re E

ngin

eerin

g, P

hase

I

9 13

.038

277

77.5

3158

3 E

TP

of K

ar M

obile

s Lt

d., P

hase

I

10

13.0

4027

7 77

.525

805

Sur

in A

utom

otiv

e Lt

d., P

hase

I 11

13

.010

388

77.5

1355

5 N

ear

Bas

appa

naka

tte L

ake,

Raj

gopa

l Nag

ar

12

13.0

2072

77

.493

944

Nea

r K

arih

oban

ahal

li La

ke, K

arih

oban

ahal

li

Tab

le 1

1b T

race

ele

men

ts m

etal

con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/kg

) in

soi

l sam

ples

at 0

-30

cm (

1ft)

dep

th c

olle

cted

at

P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

(D

ata

Pro

vide

d by

KS

PC

B, B

anga

lore

)

Sl.

No.

C

oppe

r (m

g/kg

) M

anga

nese

(m

g/kg

) Le

ad

(mg/

kg)

Zin

c (m

g/kg

) N

icke

l (m

g/kg

) T

otal

C

r (m

g/kg

)

Cad

miu

m

(mg/

kg)

Iron

(m

g/kg

) C

r+6

(mg/

kg)

S1

51

536

30

65

30

27

BD

L 84

00

BD

L S

2 24

21

7 19

4 30

20

11

4 B

DL

1133

3 2.

3 S

3 16

16

7 26

52

5

34

BD

L 70

35

BD

L S

4 64

72

6 35

11

0 61

10

8 B

DL

2191

6 B

DL

S5

576

230

329

264

28

77

BD

L 10

687

BD

L S

6 24

8 59

1 55

1 14

9 12

2 14

3 B

DL

1471

8 B

DL

S7

71

312

55

75

188

222

BD

L 17

353

BD

L S

8 62

0

65

281

76

111

BD

L 29

708

0 S

9 73

0

51

41

57

574

BD

L 30

434

0 S

10

73

0 30

64

58

50

B

DL

2127

6

S11

10

6 0

65

118

95

104

BD

L 21

161

S

12

76

0 10

3 36

8 12

7 96

B

DL

1839

3 0

Min

imum

16

0

26

30

5 27

--

70

35

0 M

axim

um

576

726

551

368

188

574

--

3043

4 2.

3 A

vera

ge

120

231.

58

127.

83

134.

75

72.2

5 13

8.33

--

17

701.

17

0.57

Tab

le 1

1c T

race

ele

men

ts m

etal

con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/kg

) in

soi

l sam

ples

at 3

0-90

cm

(3f

t) d

epth

col

lect

ed a

t

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka (

Dat

a P

rovi

ded

by K

SP

CB

, Ban

galo

re)

Sl.

No.

C

oppe

r (m

g/kg

) M

anga

nese

(m

g/kg

) Le

ad

(mg/

kg)

Zin

c (m

g/kg

) N

icke

l (m

g/kg

) T

otal

Cr

(mg/

kg)

Cad

miu

m

(mg/

kg)

Iron

(m

g/kg

) C

r+6

(mg/

kg)

S1

84

502

42

160

97

89

BD

L 17

764

BD

L S

2 9

62

23

78

9 11

B

DL

6255

B

DL

S3

30

407

19

65

36

44

BD

L 17

306

BD

L S

4 55

52

3 22

45

56

87

B

DL

3016

0 B

DL

S5

236

414

509

157

48

82

BD

L 12

069

BD

L S

6 22

14

5 17

16

24

32

B

DL

7034

B

DL

S7

12

95

5 42

69

56

B

DL

1042

5 B

DL

S8

51

0 30

51

10

2 12

2 B

DL

2874

5 B

DL

S9

37

0 33

39

84

55

B

DL

2415

3 B

DL

S10

33

9 0

69

143

74

50

BD

L 21

326

BD

L S

11

54

0 28

16

6 57

63

B

DL

2293

0 B

DL

S12

39

0

20

33

34

36

BD

L 24

143

BD

L M

inim

um

9 0

5 16

9

11

---

6255

--

- M

axim

um

339

523

509

166

102

122

---

3016

0 --

- A

vera

ge

80.6

6 17

9 68

.08

82.9

1 57

.5

60.5

8 --

18

525.

83

--

Tab

le 1

1d T

race

ele

men

ts m

etal

con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/kg

) in

soi

l sam

ples

at 9

0-15

0 cm

(5f

t) d

epth

col

lect

ed a

t

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka (

Dat

a P

rovi

ded

by K

SP

CB

, Ban

galo

re)

Sl.

No.

C

oppe

r (m

g/kg

) M

anga

nese

(m

g/kg

) Le

ad

(mg/

kg)

Zin

c (m

g/kg

) N

icke

l (m

g/kg

) T

otal

Cr

(mg/

kg)

Cad

miu

m

(mg/

kg)

Iron

(m

g/kg

) C

r+6

(mg/

kg)

S1

48

208

20

100

28

46

BD

L 88

36

BD

L S

2 15

78

11

3 24

9

7 B

DL

5874

B

DL

S3

21

218

14

16

30

29

BD

L 12

118

BD

L S

4 26

27

0 6

26

20

11

BD

L 94

93

BD

L S

5 22

22

6 11

25

31

46

B

DL

7996

B

DL

S6

38

316

19

29

38

41

BD

L 10

258

BD

L S

7 56

30

3 39

76

15

8 18

3 B

DL

1659

0 0.

9 S

8 74

0

26

57

73

95

BD

L 27

658

BD

L S

9 28

0

18

36

46

70

BD

L 13

993

BD

L S

10

50

0 29

47

56

71

B

DL

2134

5 B

DL

S11

11

3 0

356

2883

95

92

B

DL

1916

7 B

DL

S12

33

0

19

40

26

29

BD

L 16

620

BD

L M

inim

um

15

0 6

16

9 7

---

5874

0

Max

imum

11

3 31

6 35

6 28

83

158

183

---

2765

8 0.

9 A

vera

ge

43.6

6 13

4.91

55

.83

279.

91

50.8

3 60

--

- 14

162.

33

0.15

Tab

le 1

2 Lo

catio

n of

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

carr

ied

out i

n P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

ER

T N

o.

Latit

ude

0 N

Long

itude

0 E

Lo

catio

n

ER

T N

o.1

13.0

2382

77

.521

97

Kar

nata

ka S

PC

P B

oard

, Pee

nya

Offi

ce

ER

T N

o.2

13.0

3124

77

.517

91

Ang

lo &

Fre

nch

Indu

strie

s, n

ear

ET

P T

reat

men

t Pla

nt

ER

T N

o.3

13.0

3300

77

.509

45

SA

MI L

abs

ER

T N

o.4

13.0

2436

77

.510

59

Gym

akan

a G

roun

d E

RT

No.

5 13

.017

55

77.4

9857

K

arih

oban

halli

Lak

e E

RT

No.

6 13

.019

22

77.5

0795

M

S R

amai

ah U

nive

rsity

of A

pplie

d S

cien

ces

ER

T N

o.7

13.0

0440

77

.512

63

Nea

r V

igne

sh V

idyu

t 17t

h cr

oss

road

Dod

dann

a In

dust

rial a

rea

Pen

nya

2nd

stag

e E

RT

No.

8 13

.004

49

77.4

9593

E

ssar

cap

s, 1

6th

cros

s , B

yraw

eshw

ara

Indu

stria

l And

raha

lli m

ain

road

E

RT

No.

9 13

.008

37

77.4

8766

S

L N

Che

mic

als,

Gre

en c

ity, A

ndra

halli

mai

n ro

ad n

ear

penn

ya 2

nd s

tage

E

RT

No.

10

13.0

2676

77

.492

00

Opp

osite

sun

jay

garm

ents

ner

a sh

amal

a si

ddag

anga

iah

Kal

yan

man

tapa

Indi

ra n

agar

E

RT

No.

11

13.0

1488

77

.487

91

Opp

osite

vis

hvas

pac

kagi

ng 6

58, 5

16, T

igal

arap

aiya

mai

n ro

ad, P

enny

a 2n

d st

age

E

RT

No.

12

13.0

2298

77

.526

30

Bac

ksid

e of

mic

rom

atic

& u

nite

x E

RT

No.

13

13.0

1544

77

.514

72

Raj

gopa

lnag

ar P

ark

ER

T N

o.14

13

.013

44

77.5

0578

In

fron

t of D

eva

Indu

strie

s B

119,

3rd

mai

n ro

ad 2

nd s

tage

, Pen

nya

E

RT

No.

15

13.0

1588

77

.494

42

Infr

ont o

f K G

Vid

hyam

andi

r pr

ivat

e S

choo

l Thi

gara

lapa

lya

mai

n ro

ad B

alaj

i Nag

ar

ER

T N

o.16

13

.028

12

77.4

8939

O

ppos

ite o

f sid

dhar

tha

Inte

rnat

iona

l Sch

ool,

Sid

dhar

tha

naga

r N

agas

andr

a po

st

ER

T N

o.17

13

.019

96

77.4

9382

K

arih

oban

halli

, Dow

nstr

eam

sid

e

ER

T N

o.18

13

.025

32

77.4

9950

N

ear

gruh

a L

aksh

mi l

ayou

t in

betw

een

Shi

vapu

ra a

nd k

arih

oban

halli

lake

E

RT

No.

19

13.0

2502

77

.506

27

Shi

vapu

ra c

olon

y gr

ound

(ne

ar to

shi

vapu

ra la

ke)

ER

T N

o.20

13

.022

00

77.4

8663

B

rund

avan

nag

ar, K

arih

oban

halli

vill

age

Nag

asan

dra

post

E

RT

No.

21

13.0

3220

77

.499

74

Suv

aran

a N

agar

a, H

MT

, la

yout

Nel

agad

inal

li m

ain

road

E

RT

No.

22

13.0

4180

77

.512

58

Das

arah

alli

lake

E

RT

No.

23

13.0

3984

77

.512

44

Das

arah

alli

lake

dow

n st

ream

E

RT

No.

24

13.0

4549

77

.526

16

Bav

eshw

ara

Bus

term

inal

Pen

nya

ER

T N

o.25

13

.033

65

77.5

3220

N

ear

Gor

ukun

tapa

lya

met

ro s

tatio

n E

RT

No.

26

13.0

4437

77

.537

80

H M

T K

anna

da H

ighe

r P

rimar

y S

choo

l ( S

choo

l gro

und)

Jal

ahal

li E

RT

No.

27

13.0

2944

77

.545

20

Bes

ide

SR

T R

agha

vend

rave

ighe

rs Y

esw

anth

pur

ER

T N

o.28

13

.025

49

77.5

2850

A

lliag

e m

etal

cas

ting

(P)

Ltd,

indu

stria

l sub

urb,

nea

r P

enny

a 3r

d P

hase

Tab

le 1

3 S

umm

ary

of P

umpi

ng te

st c

arrie

d ou

t in

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka d

urin

g Ja

nury

201

7

P

umpi

ng

Tes

t N

o.

Lo

catio

n

La

titud

e 0 N

Lo

ngitu

de

0 E

W

ell

Dia

met

er

(m)

D

raw

dow

n O

bser

ved

(m

)

S

tatic

W

ater

le

vel

(m)

D

isch

arge

ra

te

(l/se

c)

D

urat

ion

of

Pum

ping

(m

in)

D

urat

ion

of

Rec

over

y (m

in)

P1

Son

a E

ngin

eerin

g& F

abric

ator

s P

vt L

td

13.0

2223

77

.522

97

0.16

51

3.4

25.6

1 0.

741

100

110

P2

Rep

lica

Xer

ogra

phy

Pvt

Ltd

13

.030

36

77.5

1929

0.

1651

2.

055

7.84

0.

7513

60

70

P3

Ang

lo F

renc

h D

rugs

&

Indu

strie

s, P

hase

II

13.0

3111

77

.518

17

0.16

51

4.56

13

.86

2.16

37

60

80

P4

Kon

govi

Ele

ctro

nics

Pvt

Ltd

, P

hase

IV

13.0

1964

77

.513

77

0.16

51

4.04

19

.21

1.48

34

60

100

P5

Nis

arga

Ent

erpr

ises

Pvt

Ltd

, S

tage

II

13.0

2284

77

.527

89

0.16

51

4.37

10

.57

1.34

10

70

100

P6

Sou

ther

n In

dia

Ele

ctro

nics

(B)

Pvt

Ltd

13

.042

5 77

.529

22

0.16

51

1.79

34

.99

0.60

05

50

40

P7

In p

rem

ises

of W

et C

reat

ions

, K

arih

oban

ahal

li 13

.017

36

77.4

9619

0.

1651

13

.4

18.2

0 2.

9025

50

23

P8

SN

S In

dust

ries,

3rd

stag

e 13

.016

32

77.5

0089

0.

1651

31

.63

3.99

0.

8660

60

80

P9

Bes

ide

A1

mut

ton

stal

l, R

ukim

inin

agar

a, N

agas

andr

a 13

.042

13

77.5

0465

0.

1651

36

.32

16.4

0 3.

5848

40

13

0

P10

R

ajgo

paln

agar

a P

olic

e S

tatio

n 13

.017

44

77.5

1363

0.

1651

4.

97

23.9

1 0.

5067

30

60

P11

O

pp. L

ords

met

al fi

nish

ers,

D

odda

nna

Indu

stria

l Est

ate

13.0

0697

77

.510

77

0.49

781

2.45

7 12

.13

0.49

781

50

30

Tab

le 1

4 In

terp

rete

d A

quife

r P

aram

eter

s by

The

is, N

eum

an a

nd H

antu

sh &

Jac

ob M

etho

ds in

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka

Pum

ping

T

est N

o.

Lo

catio

n

T

heis

Met

hod

N

eum

an M

etho

d H

antu

sh&

Ja

cob

Met

hod

Tra

nsm

issi

vity

(m

2 /day

) C

ondu

ctiv

ity

(m/d

ay)

Sto

rativ

ity

Tra

nsm

issi

vity

(m

2 /day

) C

ondu

ctiv

ity

(m/d

ay)

Con

duct

ivity

(m

/day

) P

1 S

ona

Eng

inee

ring&

Fab

ricat

ors

Pvt

Lt

d

2.06

x101

1.

03x1

00

4.57

x10-7

2.10

x101

1.

05x1

00

1.05

x100

P2

Rep

lica

Xer

ogra

phy

Pvt

Ltd

3.

54x1

01 1.

69x1

00 6.

99x1

0-7

3.55

x101

1.70

x100

1.76

x100

P3

Ang

lo F

renc

h D

rugs

& In

dust

ries,

P

hase

II

5.60

x101

2.80

x100

1.92

x10-7

5.

52x1

01 2.

76x1

00 2.

73x1

00

P4

Kon

govi

Ele

ctro

nics

Pvt

Ltd

, Pha

se

IV

1.74

x101

8.72

x10-1

2.

55x1

0-4

1.76

x101

8.80

x10-1

8.

72x1

0-1

P5

Nis

arga

Ent

erpr

ises

Pvt

Ltd

, Sta

ge

II 2.

38x1

01 1.

19x1

00 5.

15x1

0-6

2.40

x101

1.20

x100

1.19

x100

P6

Sou

ther

n In

dia

Ele

ctro

nics

(B)

Pvt

Lt

d 3.

92x1

01 1.

96x1

00 2.

88x1

0-8

3.94

x101

1.97

x100

1.96

x100

P7

In p

rem

ises

of W

et C

reat

ions

, K

arih

oban

ahal

li 2.

25x1

01 1.

12x1

00 1.

58x1

0-8

2.27

x101

1.13

x100

1.17

x100

P8

SN

S In

dust

ries,

3rd

stag

e 2.

90x1

00 1.

45x1

0-1

1.12

x10-8

2.

90x1

00 1.

45x1

0-1

1.45

x10-1

P9

Bes

ide

A1

mut

ton

stal

l, R

ukim

inin

agar

a, N

agas

andr

a 7.

45x1

00 3.

72x1

0-1

3.14

x10-7

7.

50x1

00 3.

75x1

0-1

3.73

x10-1

P10

R

ajgo

paln

agar

a P

olic

e S

tatio

n 1.

24x1

01 6.

20x1

0-1

2.94

x10-9

1.

23x1

01 6.

17x1

0-1

6.18

x10-1

P11

O

pp. L

ords

met

al fi

nish

ers,

D

odda

nna

Indu

stria

l Est

ate

2.

11x1

01

1.06

x100

1.

48x1

0-8

2.

13x1

01

1.06

x100

1.

05x1

00

Tab

le 1

5 In

situ

Infil

trat

ion

Tes

ts a

nd r

ate

(cm

/hr)

in th

e P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

S.

No

Long

itude

0 E

La

titud

e

0 N

Lo

catio

n In

filtr

atio

n R

ate

(cm

/hr)

1

77.5

1813

13

.031

12

Ang

lo F

renc

h D

rugs

indu

strie

s P

vt. L

td

2.96

2

77.5

1407

13

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cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

6

Fig

.17b

. Bar

ium

con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

Janu

ary

2017

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Be (

pp

b)

44.5

55.5

66.5

77.5

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

Ob

s w

ell

Fig

.18a

. Ber

ylliu

m c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

016

Fig

.18b

. Ber

ylliu

m c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ja

nuar

y 20

17

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Cd

(p

pb

)

1.8

22.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

33.2

3.4

3.6

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

00.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

11.2

1.4

1.6

Ob

s w

ell

Fig

.19a

. Cad

miu

m c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

016

Fig

.19b

. Cad

miu

m c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ja

nuar

y 20

17

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Co

(p

pb

)

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

135

140

145

150

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

0510

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

Ob

s w

ell

Fig

.20a

. Cob

alt

conc

entr

atio

n (p

pb)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

6

Fig

.20b

. Cob

alt

conc

entr

atio

n (p

pb)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

Janu

ary

2017

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

(in Degrees)

Cr

(pp

b)

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

22000

23000

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

LATITUTE

0K

m2K

m4K

m

01000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

Ob

s w

ell

Fig

.21a

. Tot

al C

hrom

ium

con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

6

Fig

.21b

. Tot

al C

hrom

ium

con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

Janu

ary

2017

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Cr+

6(p

pb

)

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

0246810

12

14

16

18

20

22

Ob

s w

ell

Fig

. 22a

. Hex

aval

ent C

hrom

ium

con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

6

Fig

. 22b

. Hex

aval

ent C

hrom

ium

con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

Janu

ary

2017

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Cu

(p

pb

)

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

0510

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Ob

s w

ell

Fig

.23a

. Cop

per

con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

6

Fig

.23b

. Cop

per

con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

Janu

ary

2017

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Fe (

pp

b)

2400

2600

2800

3000

3200

3400

3600

3800

4000

4200

4400

4600

4800

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

0200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

Ob

s w

ell

Fig

.24a

. Iro

n c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

016

Fig

. 24b

. Iro

n c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ja

nuar

y 20

17

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Mn

(p

pb

)

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

0500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Ob

s w

ell

Fig

. 25a

. Man

gane

se c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

016

Fig

.25b

. Man

gane

se c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ja

nuar

y 20

17

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Ni (p

pb

)

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

020

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Ob

s w

ell

Fig

.26a

. Nic

kel c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

016

Fig

.26b

. Nic

kel c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ja

nuar

y 20

17

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Zn

(p

pb

)

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

0100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Ob

s w

ell

Fig

.27a

. Zin

c co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

016

Fig

. 27b

. Zin

c co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ja

nuar

y 20

17

Fig

.28a

. Obs

erva

tion

Wel

ls fo

r gr

ound

wat

er &

sur

face

sam

ple

loca

tion

in th

e P

eeny

a In

dust

rial a

rea

, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

5

Fig

.28b

. Obs

erva

tion

Wel

ls fo

r gr

ound

wat

er &

sur

face

sam

ple

loca

tion

in th

e P

eeny

a In

dust

rial a

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

6

Fig

. 29a

. pH

var

iatio

n in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

5

Fig

. 29b

. pH

var

iatio

n in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

6

Fig

.30a

.TD

S c

once

ntra

tion

(mg/

l) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

5

Fig

.30b

.TD

S c

once

ntra

tion

(mg/

l) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

6

Fig

.31a

. Cal

cium

con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

015

Fig

.31b

. Cal

cium

con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

016

Fig

.32a

. Mag

nesi

um c

once

ntra

tion

(mg/

l) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

015

Fig

.32b

. Mag

nesi

um c

once

ntra

tion

(mg/

l) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

016

Fig

.33a

. Sul

phat

e co

ncen

trat

ion

(mg/

l) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

015

Fig

.33b

. Sul

phat

e co

ncen

trat

ion

(mg/

l) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

016

Fig

.34a

. Nitr

ate

conc

entr

atio

n (m

g/l)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

5

Fig

.34b

. Nitr

ate

conc

entr

atio

n (m

g/l)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

6

Fig

.35a

. Chl

orid

e co

ncen

trat

ion

(mg/

l) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

015

Fig

.35b

. Chl

orid

e co

ncen

trat

ion

(mg/

l) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

016

Fig

.36a

. Iro

n c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

015

Fig

.36b

. Iro

n c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

016

Fig

.37a

.Zin

c c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

015

Fig

.37b

. Zin

c c

once

ntra

tion

(ppb

) in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

-Ju

ly 2

016

Fig

.38a

. Tot

al C

hrom

ium

con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial

Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

5

Fig

.38b

. Tot

al C

hrom

ium

con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

6

Fig

. 39.

Hex

aval

ent C

hrom

ium

con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka -

July

201

6

(in Degrees) LATITUTE

Fig

.40.

Loc

atio

n of

soi

l sam

ples

col

lect

ed in

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

TE (in Degrees) LATITUT

Fig

.41a

. Cop

per

conc

entr

atio

n (m

g/kg

) in

the

soil

sam

ples

col

lect

ed a

t gro

und

leve

l to

one

feet

dep

th in

th

e P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re-J

uly

2016

TE (in Degrees) LATITUT Fig

.41b

. Cop

per

conc

entr

atio

n (m

g/kg

) in

the

soil

sam

ples

col

lect

ed a

t thr

ee fe

et d

epth

in th

e P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re-J

uly

2016

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

S8

S9

S10

S11

S12

13.0

1

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Cu

(m

g/k

g)

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

10

01

05

11

01

15

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

0K

m2K

m4K

m

S1

2

So

il S

am

ple

Lo

ca

tio

n

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Fig

.41c

. Cop

per

conc

entr

atio

n (m

g/kg

) in

the

soil

sam

ples

col

lect

ed a

t fiv

e fe

et d

epth

in th

e P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re-J

uly

2016

UTE (in Degrees) LATITU

Fig

.42a

. Lea

d co

ncen

trat

ion

(mg/

kg)

in th

e so

il sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

at g

roun

d le

vel t

o on

e fe

et d

epth

in

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

-Jul

y 20

16

UTE (in Degrees) LATITU

Fig

.42b

. Lea

d c

once

ntra

tion

(mg/

kg)

in th

e so

il sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

at t

hree

feet

dep

th in

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

-Jul

y 20

16

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

S8

S9

S10

S11

S12

13.0

1

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Pb

(m

g/k

g)

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

0K

m2K

m4K

m

S1

2

So

il S

am

ple

Lo

ca

tio

n

020

40

60

80

100

120

140

Fig

.42c

. Lea

d co

ncen

trat

ion

(mg/

kg)

in th

e so

il sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

at f

ive

feet

dep

th in

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

-Jul

y 20

16

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

S8

S9

S10

S11

S12

13.0

1

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

170

190

210

230

250

270

290

310

330

350

370

Zn

(m

g/k

g)

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

0K

m2K

m4K

m

S1

2

So

il S

am

ple

Lo

ca

tio

n

30

50

70

90

110

130

150

170

Fig

.43a

. Zin

c co

ncen

trat

ion

(mg/

kg)

in th

e so

il sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

at g

roun

d le

vel t

o on

e fe

et d

epth

in th

e P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re-J

uly

2016

UTE (in Degrees) LATITU

Fig

.43b

. Zin

c co

ncen

trat

ion

(mg/

kg)

in th

e so

il sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

at t

hree

feet

dep

th in

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

-Jul

y 20

16

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

S8

S9

S10

S11

S12

13.0

1

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Zn

(m

g/k

g)

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600

2800

3000

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

0K

m2K

m4K

m

S1

2

So

il S

am

ple

Lo

ca

tio

n

0200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Fig

.43c

. Zin

c co

ncen

trat

ion

(mg/

kg)

in th

e so

il sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

at f

ive

feet

dep

th in

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

-Jul

y 20

16

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

S8

S9

S10

S11

S12

13.0

1

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

85

95

10

5

11

5

12

5

13

5

14

5

15

5

16

5

17

5

18

5

Ni

(mg

/kg

)

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

S1

2

So

il S

am

ple

Lo

ca

tio

n

515

25

35

45

55

65

75

85

Fig

.44a

. Nic

kel c

once

ntra

tion

(mg/

kg)

in th

e so

il sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

at g

roun

d le

vel t

o on

e fe

et d

epth

in th

e P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re-J

uly

2016

TE (in Degrees) LATITUT

Fig

.44b

. Nic

kel c

once

ntra

tion

(mg/

kg)

in th

e so

il sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

at t

hree

feet

dep

th in

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

-Jul

y 20

16

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

S8

S9

S10

S11

S12

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Ni

(mg

/kg

)

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

S11

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

S1

2

So

il S

am

ple

Lo

ca

tio

n

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Fig

.44c

. Nic

kel c

once

ntra

tion

(mg/

kg)

in th

e so

il sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

at f

ive

feet

dep

th in

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

-Jul

y 20

16

E (in Degrees) LATITUTE

Fig

.45a

. Tot

al C

hrom

ium

con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/kg

) in

the

soil

sam

ples

col

lect

ed a

t gro

und

leve

l to

one

feet

dep

thin

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

-Jul

y 20

16

(in Degrees) LATITUTE Fig

.45b

.Tot

al C

hrom

ium

con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/kg

) in

the

soil

sam

ples

col

lect

ed a

t thr

ee fe

et d

epth

in th

e P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re-J

uly

2016

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

S8

S9

S10

S11

S12

13.0

1

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

To

tal

Cr

(mg

/kg

)

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

S1

2

So

il S

am

ple

Lo

ca

tio

n

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Fig

.45c

.Tot

al C

hrom

ium

con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/kg

) in

the

soil

sam

ples

col

lect

ed a

t fiv

e fe

et d

epth

in

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

-Jul

y 20

16

TE (in Degrees) LATITUT Fig

.46a

. Iro

n co

ncen

trat

ion

(mg/

kg)

in th

e so

il sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

at g

roun

d le

vel t

o on

e fe

et d

epth

in th

e P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re-J

uly

2016

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

S8

S9

S10

S11

S12

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Fe

(m

g/k

g)

19

000

21

000

23

000

25

000

27

000

29

000

31

000

S11

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

S1

2

So

il S

am

ple

Lo

ca

tio

n

70

00

90

00

11

000

13

000

15

000

17

000

Fig

.46b

. Iro

n co

ncen

trat

ion

(mg/

kg)

in th

e so

il sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

at t

hree

feet

dep

th in

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

-Jul

y 20

16

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

S8

S9

S10

S11

S12

13.0

2

13.0

3

13.0

4

13.0

5

13.0

6

Fe

(m

g/k

g)

18000

19000

20000

21000

22000

23000

24000

25000

26000

27000

28000

S6

S11

77

.45

77

.46

77

.47

77

.48

77

.49

77

.57

7.5

17

7.5

27

7.5

37

7.5

47

7.5

57

7.5

6

LO

NG

ITU

DE

(in

De

gre

es

)

12.9

7

12.9

8

12.9

9

13

13.0

1

0K

m2K

m4K

m

S1

2

So

il S

am

ple

Lo

ca

tio

n

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

Fig

.46c

. Iro

n co

ncen

trat

ion

(mg/

kg)

in th

e so

il sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

at f

ive

feet

dep

th in

the

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

-Jul

y 20

16

Fig

.47.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

loca

tions

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka

Fig

.48.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

1 is

car

ried

out a

tK

arna

taka

Sta

te P

ollu

tion

Con

trol

Boa

rd P

eeny

a O

ffice

Fig

.49.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

2 ca

rrie

d ou

t at A

nglo

-Fre

nch

indu

strie

s, n

ear

ET

P tr

eatm

ent p

lant

Fig

.50.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

3 ca

rrie

d ou

t at S

ami l

abs

Fig

.51.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

4 ca

rrie

d ou

t at P

eeny

a gy

mkh

ana

grou

nd

Fig

.52.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

5 ca

rrie

d ou

t at u

pstr

eam

of

Kar

ihob

anah

alli

lake

Fig

.53.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

6 c

arrie

d ou

t at

M.S

.Ram

aiah

Uni

vers

ity o

f App

lied

Sci

ence

s

Fig

.54.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

7 ne

arer

Vig

nesh

Vid

yuth

Con

trol

s,

17th

cros

s ro

ad, D

odda

nna

Indu

stria

l Are

a, P

eeny

a 2n

dst

age

Fig

.55.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

8 ca

rrie

d ou

t at E

ssar

Cap

s,

16th

Cro

ss, B

yraw

eshw

ara

Indu

stria

l, A

ndra

halli

mai

n ro

ad

ER

T P

rofi

le.N

o.9

Lati

tud

e:

1

3.0

08

37

0N

Lon

git

ud

e:

77

.48

76

60E

De

pth

N

S

Fig

.56.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

9 ca

rrie

d ou

t at

S.L

.N. C

hem

ical

s,

M.S

. Gre

en C

ity, A

ndra

halli

mai

n ro

ad, n

ear

Pee

nya

2nd

stag

e (n

ear A

ndra

halli

lake

)

ER

T P

rofi

le.N

o.1

0

Lati

tud

e:

1

3.0

26

76

0N

Lon

git

ud

e:

77

.49

20

00E

De

pth

EW

Fig

.57.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

10 c

arrie

d ou

t at o

ppos

ite S

anja

y G

arm

ents

, ne

ar S

ham

ala

Sid

daga

ngai

ah K

alya

na M

anta

pa, I

ndra

nag

ar, D

odda

bida

reka

llu ro

ad

Fig

. 58.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

11 c

arrie

d ou

t at o

ppos

ite V

ishw

as

Pac

kagi

ng,

Tig

alar

apal

ya m

ain

road

, Pee

nya

2nd

stag

e

Fig

.59.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

12 c

arrie

d ou

t at b

acks

ide

of

Mic

rom

atic

& U

nite

x in

dust

ries

Fig

. 60.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

13 c

arrie

d ou

t at R

ajgo

paln

agar

par

k, R

ajgo

pala

naga

r

Fig

.61.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

14 c

arrie

d ou

t at i

n fr

ont o

fD

eva

Indu

strie

s m

ain

road

, 2nd

Sta

ge, P

eeny

a

Fig

.62.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

15 C

arrie

d ou

t at i

n fr

ont o

f K

.G. V

idya

man

dir

Priv

ate

Sch

ool,

Tig

alar

apal

ya m

ain

road

, Bal

ajin

agar

, Das

arah

alli

ER

T P

rofi

le.N

o.1

6

Lati

tud

e:

1

3.0

28

12

0N

Lon

git

ud

e:

77

.48

93

90E

De

pth

NE

SW

Fig

.63.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

16 c

arrie

d ou

t at o

ppos

ite o

f Sid

hart

ha In

tern

atio

nal S

choo

l,S

idha

rtha

nag

ar, N

agas

andr

a P

ost,

Tum

kur

road

Fig

. 64.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

17 c

arrie

d ou

t at

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e

ER

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git

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.49

95

00E

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pth

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Fig

.65.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

18 c

arrie

d ou

t at n

ear

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hala

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i La

yout

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betw

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ER

T P

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git

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.50

62

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Fig

.66.

Ele

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al R

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Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

19 c

arrie

d ou

t at S

hiva

pura

col

ony

grou

nd (n

ear

to S

hiva

pura

lake

)

Fig

.67.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

20 c

arrie

d ou

t at

Bru

ndav

anan

agar

, K

arih

oban

ahal

li vi

llage

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asan

dra

Pos

t

ER

T P

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titu

de

:

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.03

22

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git

ud

e:

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97

40E

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pth

SW

NE

Fig

.68.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

21 c

arrie

d ou

t at S

uvar

na N

agar

a,

HM

T la

yout

, Nel

agad

inal

li m

ain

road

Fig

.69.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

22 c

arrie

d ou

t at D

asar

ahal

li la

ke

Fig

. 70.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

23 c

arrie

d ou

t at D

asar

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ke d

own

stre

am

ER

T P

rofi

le.N

o.2

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Lati

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e:

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0N

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.52

61

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pth

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Fig

.71.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

24 c

arrie

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t at B

aves

hwar

a B

us T

erm

inal

, Pee

nya

ER

T P

rofi

le.N

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0N

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git

ud

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.53

22

00E

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pth

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Fig

. 72.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

25 c

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ear

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ER

T P

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78

00E

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pth

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Fig

.73.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

26 c

arrie

d ou

t at H

MT

Kan

nada

H

ighe

r P

rimar

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l Gro

und,

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ER

T P

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titu

de

:

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94

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git

ud

e:

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.54

52

00E

De

pth

NE

SW

Fig

. 74.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

27 c

arrie

d ou

t at b

esid

eS

ri R

agha

vend

ra W

eigh

ers,

Yes

wan

thpu

r

Fig

. 75.

Ele

ctric

al R

esis

tivity

Tom

ogra

phy

Imag

e of

Pro

file

No.

28 c

arrie

d ou

t at A

lliag

e M

etal

Cas

tings

(P

) Lt

d,

Indu

stria

l Sub

urb,

nea

r P

eeny

a 3r

dP

hase

Fig

. 76.

Pum

ping

test

s lo

catio

ns in

the

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka

Fig

.77.

In-s

itu In

filtr

atio

n te

sts

loca

tions

and

infil

trat

ion

rate

(cm

/hr)

in th

e w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

Fig

. 78.

Gro

undw

ater

Flo

w M

odel

Dom

ain

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

Fig

. 79a

. Ver

tical

Cro

ss S

ectio

n al

ong

Row

-22

in th

e G

roun

dwat

er F

low

Mod

el o

f wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka

Fig

.79b

. Ver

tical

Cro

ss S

ectio

n al

ong

Col

umn-

22 in

the

Gro

undw

ater

Flo

w M

odel

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

Fig

. 80a

. Con

duct

ivity

Zon

es (

m/d

ay),

1stla

yer

in G

roun

dwat

er F

low

Mod

el o

f Wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka

Fig

.80b

. Con

duct

ivity

Zon

es (

m/d

ay),

2nd

laye

r in

Gro

undw

ater

Flo

w M

odel

of W

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

45

mm

/yr

65

mm

/yr

Fig

. 81.

Gro

undw

ater

Rec

harg

e (m

m/y

r) d

istr

ibut

ion

in G

roun

dwat

er F

low

Mod

el o

f Wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

65

mm

/yr

55

mm

/yr

Fig

.82.

Pum

ping

Cen

ters

& R

ate

of G

roun

dwat

er p

umpi

ng (

m3 /

day)

in G

roun

dwat

er F

low

Mod

el o

f W

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

Fig

. 83.

Con

stan

t Hea

d a

nd b

ound

ary

Con

ditio

ns in

Gro

undw

ater

Flo

w M

odel

of

Wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

Fig

.84a

. Com

pute

d G

roun

dwat

er le

vel m

(am

sl)

& V

eloc

ity in

the

Gro

undw

ater

Flo

w M

odel

of w

ater

shed

co

verin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, K

arna

taka

Fig

. 84b

. Com

pute

d vs

. Obs

erve

d G

roun

dwat

er h

ead

in G

roun

dwat

er F

low

Mod

el o

f wat

ersh

ed

cove

ring

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a,B

anga

lore

,Kar

nata

ka

Fig

. 85.

Sou

rce

TD

S c

once

ntra

tion

(mg/

l) in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

Mod

el o

f Wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Kar

nata

ka

Fig

.86a

. Com

pute

d T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

es in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

of W

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re A

fter

Firs

t Yea

r

Fig

.86b

. Com

pute

d T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

es i

n th

e M

ass

Tra

nspo

rt o

f Wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

Afte

r 2

Yea

rs

Fig

.86c

. Com

pute

d T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plu

mes

in th

e M

ass

Tra

nspo

rt o

f wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Afte

r 5

Yea

rs

Fig

. 86d

.Com

pute

d T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

es in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

10 Y

ears

Fig

.86e

. Com

pute

d T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

es in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

20 Y

ears

Fig

. 86f

.Com

pute

d T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

es in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

30 Y

ears

Fig

.86g

. Com

pute

d T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

es in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

40 Y

ears

Fig

.86h

. Com

pute

d T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

es in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

50 Y

ears

Fig

. 87a

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Row

-25

in th

e M

ass

Tra

nspo

rt M

odel

of W

ater

shed

co

verin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

One

Yea

r

Fig

.87b

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Row

-25

in th

e M

ass

Tra

nspo

rt M

odel

of w

ater

shed

co

verin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

2 Ye

ars

Fig

. 87c

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Row

-25

in th

e M

ass

Tra

nspo

rt M

odel

of

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Afte

r 5

Year

s

Fig

.87d

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Row

-25

in th

e M

ass

Tra

nspo

rt M

odel

of

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Afte

r 10

Year

s

Fig

. 87e

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Row

-25

in th

e M

ass

Tra

nspo

rt M

odel

of

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Afte

r 20

Year

s

Fig

. 87f

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Row

-25

in th

e M

ass

Tra

nspo

rt M

odel

of

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Afte

r 30

Year

s

Fig

. 87g

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Row

-25

in th

e M

ass

Tra

nspo

rt M

odel

of

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Afte

r 40

Year

s

Fig

.87h

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Row

-25

in th

e M

ass

Tra

nspo

rt M

odel

of w

ater

shed

co

verin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

50Ye

ars

Fig

. 88a

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Col

umn-

35 in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

Mod

el

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

One

Yea

r

Fig

. 88b

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Col

umn-

35 in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

Mod

el

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

2 Ye

ars

Fig

. 88c

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Col

umn-

35 in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

Mod

el

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

5 Ye

ars

Fig

. 88d

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Col

umn-

35 in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

Mod

el

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

10 Y

ears

Fig

. 88e

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Col

umn-

35 in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

Mod

elof

wat

ersh

ed c

over

ing

Pee

nya

Indu

stria

l Are

a, B

anga

lore

, Afte

r 20

Yea

rs

Fig

.88f

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Col

umn-

35 in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

Mod

el

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

30 Y

ears

Fig

. 88g

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Col

umn-

35 in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

Mod

el

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

40 Y

ears

Fig

.88h

. Com

pute

d V

ertic

al T

DS

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/l)

plum

e al

ong

Col

umn-

35 in

the

Mas

s T

rans

port

Mod

el

of w

ater

shed

cov

erin

g P

eeny

a In

dust

rial A

rea,

Ban

galo

re, A

fter

50 Y

ears