Aslugen Taggara 11 Avril 2012

8/20/2019 Aslugen Taggara 11 Avril 2012

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Agbur

Tazwert ----------------------------------------------- 2

I. Aswir n ugemmay--------------------------------- 12

II. Aswir n wawalen--------------------------------- 15

2.1. Tussda-------------------------------------------- 16

2.2. Kra n yimesla llan deg tmenna, …--------- 21

2.3. Tiγri n yilem (e)--------------------------------- 24

2.4. Addad amaruz ---------------------------------- 25

III. Aswir n tezrarin (tilas gar wawalen) ---------- 29

3.1. Tizdit---------------------------------------------- 30

3.2. Tamsertit deg tezrart (gar wawalen)-------- 38

3.4. Tamlellit n yilem-------------------------------- 42

3.5. Amkan n yisekkilen imeqqranen------------ 43

Kra n yisumar-iḍen ---------------------------------- 45

Idlisen-------------------------------------------------- 54

Tijenṭaḍ : tira n yiferdisen n tjerrumt------------ 55

Iḍrisen------------------------------------------------- 70


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Tazwert

I. Amezruy n tira

1. Tira d umezruy

Deg tazwara, tutlayin akk d timawin : imdanen, deg

tafrara n talsa, ttmeslayen tutlayin-nsen, ur tent-ttarun. Maca, amdan, i d-yetteff γen kra kra seg tillas nugama, γas ur yettaru, ibeddu yettales i ugama,yessunuγ-it-id akken i t-yettwali deg tilewt1.

Syin akk in, llant temnaḍin deg umaḍal ideg asuneγ-nni, irewwel kra kra i tilawt, armi d yiwet n tallit i

wimi semman yimassanen tallit n yiqerra ubrinen2. Tallit-a, tettuneḥsab d tizi iγer tessaweḍ tikli nusmedwen n tẓuri (taklut d usuneγ) n uzermezruy.

S unulfu n wayen i wimi nezmer ad nessiwel tira,tekcem talsa deg tallit tamaynut : amezruy. Bdanttnulfun-d yinagrawen n tira, gar-asen anagraw n tiran Yiferεunen, i wimi ssawalen „tiraglif t‟ ( hiéroglyphes ),anagraw n tira n Cinwa (‗tirakti‘ : idéogramme ) ; gar-asen, taggara, inagrawen i wimi qqaren tira tamunṭiqt( écriture syllabaire ), am wayen i wimi nessawal agemmayn taεrabt, agemmay n Yifniqen…

Agemmay-a aneggaru, qqaren-d ddmen-t Yifniqen γef Yisumariyen (deg sin, d iγerfan n usamer ). D Ifniqenay t-yessuzzren γef yiri n yilel agrakal, d nutni i asen-t- 1 ( représentation fidèle de la nature ) 2 ( phase des têtes rondes )


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yessawḍen i Yigrigen. Igrigen daγen s timmad-nsen,fkan-t i Yilatinen. Agemmay-a, ihi, wa yettağğa-t-id i

wa, maca s kra n win iγer ara d-yaweḍ, ad as-yernukra, ad as-yekkes kra, armi yuγal yemgarad aṭasuneggaru γef umezwaru : beddlent talγiwin, rnant-dteγra (i d-snulfan Yigrigen asmi uγen agemmay n

Yifniqen, leqqmen-as-tent).

Llan yigemmayen-nniḍen, sin seg -sen n yiγerfan nusamer : agemmay i sseqdacen Waεraben i tira ntaεrabt akked ugemmay i sseqdacen Wudayen i tira ntmeslayt-nsen.

Imaziγen, lan daγ nutni agemmay -nsen, i wimissawalen tifinaγ. Tifinaγ, i d-yeqqimen γef yiẓra, tellazik d tira taγelnawt n Yimaziγen. Am ugemmay n

Waεraben d win n Yifniqen, tifinaγ d agemmay ur nliisekkilen i tira n teγra. Assa, agemmay n tfinaγ, anagarImuhaγ i t-yesseqdacen, yerna i tira wezzilen garyilemẓiyen i tezza tayri, neγ i turart kan, neγ γefyiẓekwan.

2. Aseqdec n ugemmay i tira n tmaziγt

Tutlayt tamaziγt, seg zik ar assa, γas deg tegti teqqimd timawt, sya γer da, aṭas n yimdanen (imedyazen,imusnawen, imassanen, ismazrayen…) i yewten ad tt-arun, γas s drus. Gar yimdanen-a, llan wid yessqedcen

agemmay n taεrabt, wiyaḍ ssqedcen agemmay ntlatint ; ma d agemmay n tfinaγ, yeqqim-d γur Yimuhaγ, leqqmen-as yimeγnasen aṭas n yisekkilen(ugar n mraw).


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Agemmay n Waεraben, ssqedcen-t yismazrayen ntallit tanemmast akken ad arun ismawen, tifyar neγiḍrisen iwezzlanen, ssqedcen-t yimedyazen deg tira nyisefra-nsen. Ar assa, llan wid i t-yesseqdacen akkenad arun tamaziγt (tamnaḍt n Wawras, Aγlan).

Agemmay n Yilatinen, imezwura i t-yessqdcen diserdasen n umnekcam afransis, ḍefren-ten-id deg

wanect-a yiselmaden iqbayliyen n tazwara n lqern wis20. Deffir-sen, llan Y imrabḍen irumiyen, qedcen aṭasγef tmaziγt, ama deg tezrewt n tutlayt ama degtegmert n wammuden n tsekla taγerfant.

Deg tallit tamirant, s ugemmay-a aneggaru ay uran, ayttarun medden timusniwin-nsen, tikta-nsen, afrayen-nsen, tirga-nsen, anagar deg tira s ugemmay alatin ayd-tella temhezt. Γef ugemmay-a ay d-tella tedmi, γefugemmay-a ay d-tella tagmi. Imezwura i yuran

tamaziγt, i tebγu tili tantala, acku d ‗‗ibujaden‘‘, uγen-dabrid n tira n tefransist, s kra n useggem sya γer da.Deg ubrid-a, iserdasen imnekcamen, ḍefren-ten-idyiselmaden iqbayliyen (deg tazwara n lqern wis 20).Deg wayen uran Y imrabḍen irumiyen, ssqedcen tiratamsislant seg yiseggasen 1940 ar tazwara nyiseggasen 1970. Ma d tira tasnislant, d ismazaγenisdawanen, i yecban André Basset, i tt-id-yesbedden susebded n unagraw asnislan n tmaziγt (1952). Armi d

tazwara n yiseggasen 1990 ay tebda tira i yefflen i tizin tesniselt, tebda teggar-d tilufa n tesnalγa akked tid ntegmuẓar. Deg unnar-a n tira, yewwi-d ad d-nebderussisen i iga Mouloud Mammeri, d wid n Ramdane


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Achab, akked wid i gan yimura n FDB. D timlilittamezwarut, i d-yeḍran deg Inalco deg useggas 1993, iyegren llsas i tira tumrist.

II. Askasi γef ugemmay i tmaziγt

1. Gar tesreḍt d tumast, tilawt

Deg yiseggasen-a ineggura, segmi tekcem tmaziγt saγerbaz deg tmurt Lezzayer, bdan kra n wuguren, gar-asen win n tira, win n ufran n ugemmay. Kra nyimedyaten : deg yidlisen imezwura n tmaziγt, i d-yessufeγ uγlif n usegmi, llan krad n yigemmayen(tifinaγ, agemmay n taεrabt, agemmay n tlatint). Degtemnaḍt n Wawras, deg yiseggasen-a ineggura, sugemmay n taεrabt ay sselmaden tamaziγt deguγerbaz. Deg Lmerruk, imenγan gar y imeγnasen nugemmay n taεrabt d yimeγnasen n ugemmay n

tlatint, rran tasuddut tageldant n yidles amaziγ(IRCAM) γer ufran n tfinaγ i tira n tmaziγt. Imuhaγ,ma llan γur-sen wid yesselmaden tamaziγt, ahat stfinaγ ay sselmaden.

Llant tamiwin kkatent γef tira n tmaziγt s ugemmay ntaεrabt, llant tamiwin kkatent γef tira n tmaziγt stfinaγ. Yiwet n tama kan i yekkaten γef ugemmay ntlatint. Imezwura, d wid yeqqnen tira γer taluft ntesreḍt. Id sin, d wid i yeqqnen tira γer tumast. Ma d

tama tis kradet, d wid i yefkan azal i tira. Wi, s umata,d wid yettarun, d wid i yeff len i tizi n umennuγ γefufran n ugemmay, ssawḍen γer tedmi akked tagmi nusnerni n tutlayt s useggem n ugemmay n tlatint,


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agemmay s i ttarun yimura, seg ugafa s anẓul, segumalu s asamer, s i ttarun ugar n lqern aya !

2. Tifrat

Tutlayt i yeddren, d timawt ; tira, d allal kan. Γur Yimuhaγ, tumast d tamaheγt, ur telli d tifinaγ. Am wakken i ulac assaγ meqqren gar usnamak d

usnamuk 3

, ay ulac assaγ meqqren gar tutlayt akkedugemmay. Seg wayen i izemren ad d-yesken anect-a :tamezwarut, tutlayt, i tebγu tili, tezmer ad tidir degtimawt, war agemmay. Tis snat, ayen akk i yellan dtutlayin deg umaḍal, lemmer i tli yal yiwet seg -sentagemmay i yiman-is, amek ? Syin akk in, aṭas n tutlayini ttarun s ugemmay n tlatint (aẓar-is seg usamer), γasseg-sent tid ur nelli n taywa n tutlayin tihendurupin(am tterkit) ; aṭas n tutlayin i ttarun s ugemmay ntaεrabt, γas ur llint n taywa n tutlayin tiḥamsamin (amurdu, yiwet n tutlayt n Pakistan, am tfarist, tameslaytn Iran). Rnu γer waya, tidet kan, ma nmuqel akken iiwata igemmayen, ad naf d agemmay n tlatint i ilantalγa tushilt i ulmad d uselmed n tmaziγt.

Taggara, deg ugemmay n tlatint ay d-tella tedmi dtagmi i usebded n yilugan seg temlilit n 1993 ar ass-a.

III. Tarrayin n tira

Llant snat n tγariwin n tira, ilmend n yiswi n umaru. Tella tira tamsislant tag reγlant (agemmay amsislanagreγlan), nezmer ad d-nini d tira tussnant, d tira i d-

3 Signifiant et signifié.


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yeskanen amek i ttwasusruyen yimesla s umqat, itebγu tili tutlayt. D tira i yef flen akkin i tutlayin. Degtama-nniḍen, tella tira tumrist. Tira tumrist, tezmer adtili d tira tasnislant, tezmer ad tili d tira talγasnislant( morphonologique ), am wakken daγen i tezmer ad tili dtira tanegmuẓart (étymologique). Yewwi-d ad d-nini,ad as-d-nales, tira n tmaziγt, ur telli d tira tamsislant

tagreγlant, ur telli d tira n tefransist. Tira n tmaziγtassa, d tira tumrist.

Yewwi-d daγen ad d-nesmekti dakken tira, amtjerrumt d umawal, d allal n usnerni n tutlayt, i ilanazal meqqren. Γas akken tutlayt yeddren d tutlayttimawt, tira tla amur deg useḥbiber, asnerni d usefrek n tutlayt.

IV. Amezruy n tira tumrist

Deg tagmi d tedmi γef uslugen n tira n tmaziγt, llant-d aṭas n temliliyin ideg kkin aṭas n yimdanen, gar-aseniselmaden, inelmaden, imura. Deg uslugen-a, deg yaltallit, tagmi d tedmi, llant-d γef tira s ugemmay ntlatint ; werğin d-yebdir yiwen seg yimekkiyenagemmay n taεrabt neγ tifinaγ. Deg kra n tegnatin,llan-d kra n yisumar, i d-ttaken sya γer da kra nyibujaden ; isumar i yecban wid-nni, qqimen kan disumar, werğin yuri yiwen yes-sen.

Krad n yiseggasen deffir unekcum n tmaziγt degtesdawit, tlul-d tekti n tedmi γef tira n tmaziγt deg Wammas n Tagmi deg Tmaziγt (Centre de RechercheBerbère, Inalco). Timliliyin-a, llant-d deg yiseggasen


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1993, 1996, 1998. Amur ameqqran n wid i yekkin degtemliliyin-a, deg tallit-nni, d imesnasen (praticiens) ntutlayt, γas llan gar-asen yimassanen isdawanen. Usan-d seg Fransa, seg Lezzayer, seg Lmerruk, llan gar-asen

wid i d-yuznen isumar-nsen. Γas akken llan kra nyimekkiyen i d-yewwin, deg tallit-nni, kra n yisumar digrawlanen, ur ten-ddiment temliliyin-a. Timlilit

tamezwarut, tuget n yigmaḍ-is d iwellihen maca terẓaasalu i temliliyin i tt-id-iḍefren akken ad ssersent llsasi usebded n tira tumrist. Timlilit tis snat d temlilit tiskradet, ddant ugar γer sdat deg usebded n yilugan.Seg temliliyin-a i d-ffγen, d amedya, yilugan n tira ntemsertit, n tezdit, n tira n yimesla iwerdanen syisekkilen s i ten-ttarun deg tutlayin iseg d-kkan (am[ p ] d [ v ]), atg.

Maca deg yal tallit, deg yal timlilit, ttγimin kra n

wuguren gglen ( problèmes qui restent en suspens ), akkenqqaren, am taluft n tussda, d amedya.

Deg useggas 2001, tella-d temlilit γef usnerni n tutlayt(aslugen n tira d tjerrumt, aẓayer) deg tesdawit nBgayet, igmaḍ-is d iwellihen kan. Teḍfer-itt-id deguseggas 2007 temlilit n Barcelone.

Gar temliliyin-a, deg kra n tlufa n tira, llant tiden idegd-llan yisumar i d-irennun uguren ugar n wayen i d-

wwint d tifrat i wid i yellan yakan. Armi i d-usan

Yilugan n tira n tmaziγt iγef dduklen sḍis n yiselmadenn tmaziγt n tesdawit n Bgayet, deg useggas 2005(taẓrigt tamezwarut), d useggas 2009 (taẓrigt tis snat).


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V. Uguren i tefra temlilit n Bumerdas

Acku, γas llant-d temliliyin-a i tt-yefran deg waṭas ntlufa, llan wuguren i yeqqimen gglen, yerna llan kra nyimdanen qqimen deg tira n zik, wiyaḍ snulfuyen-d(am wid i d-yettarun idlisen n uγlif n usegmi),yessuddes-d Useqqamu Unnig n Timmuzγa timlilit n

Bumerdas. Timlilit-a, i d-yeḍran seg 20 ar 23 ctember2010, kkin deg-s yiselmaden n tesdawit n Bgayet, TiziUzzu, Tubiret, am wakken daγen i kkin deg -syimaswaḍen n tmaziγt n yal tamnaḍt, d yiselmaden ntmaziγt, akked yimeskaren n yidlisen i yuran s tmaziγt.

Yekki deg-s daγen uselmad ameqqran Mohamed Tilmatine, seg tesdawit n Cadix (Spanya), am wakkeni d-uznen isumar-nsen Salem Chaker akked KamalNaït Zerrad.

Seg gar wuguren iγef d-yella wawal deg temlilit nBumerdas, niqal tefra-ten, wid yeqqimen gglen, urten-frint temliliyin i tt-yezwaren, nezmer ad d-nebder

wid i yerzan :

– tussda, – addad amaruz, – iferdisen n tjerrumt, – tizdit, – timlilit n teγra (tanẓa) Taggara, ad yaf yimeγri umuγ n yiferdisen n tjerrumt(s tira-nsen tumrist) akked y iḍrisen n usnas.

Adlis-a n tira tumrist, d agmuḍ iγer ssawḍen wussisenn yimura akked yinagmayen. Da, ma nules-as-d, γas :


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atna yiswan n tira tumrist, iγer tessaweḍ temlilit-a, itleqqem γef Yilugan n tira n tmaziγt, i d-yeffγen deguseggas 2005 akked useggas 2009 : asefrek n tutlayt,acku tira d allal n useḥbiber akked usmedyet, akken urtnegger ; asdukel gar tantaliwin n tmaziγt neγ gartmeslayin n yal tantala, maḍi : tira s yilugan d allal iibedden n ulmad d uselmed, ak ken tutlayt ur tettγimi

d tiẓgi, wi i iεeddan yeks-as !


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Ilugan n tira

Ilugan n tira n tmaziγt d azrar n yilugan i yemseḍfaren; d ilugan i ilaq ad yissin win i yebγan ad yaru tutlaytakken i iwata : war tuccḍiwin.

Tarrayt : deg tutlayt, menwala-tt, llan krad n yiswirenn tesleḍt, iswiren n tγessa. Acku tira tumrist n tmaziγtur telli d tira tamsislant tag reγlant, ur telli d tiratasnislant, terra azal i krad-nni n yiswiren n tγessa ntutlayt, seg yimesli armi d tafyirt, gar-asen awal :

1. Aswir n temsiselt-tasniselt

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: aswir-a, deg tiratumrist, yettqabal anagraw n tira (neγ agemmay).

Tuttra i iwulmen da ihi, d ta : anwi imesla n tutlayt i wimi i ilaq ad nerr azal deg tira-ya ? S wanwiisekkilen ara ten-naru ?

2.

Aswir n wawal d unamek :

s yimesla n tutlayt ,nezmer ad d-neg awalen (d yinumak-nsen).

3. Aswir n tseddast : s wawalen daγen i d-skarenmedden tifyar ; s tefyar, ttmeslayen meddentutlayt.

Ilugan n tira, d tidet, rzan iswiren merra, wa cwiṭ, wanezzeh. Maca, ur neṭṭafar ara abrid-a ussnan, da. Degudlisfus-a5, ad ilin krad n yiswiren : agemmay, aswir n

wawalen, aswir n tezrarin (n tefyar).

4 Aswir n temsiselt-tasniselt : Niveau phonético-phonologique .5 Adlisfus (i-en) : manuel .


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I. Aswir n ugemmay

Asekkil Isem-is

Azal-is deg API

Amedya

a, A a, aγra [æ], [a] aman, azal

a, B ba [b], [b], [v] ibrir, ak bal

c, C ca[š], [

]

aclim, uccen

č, Č yeč [

t

š], [

t

]

učči, aberčečču

d, D da [d], [d], [δ] adrar, tudert

ḍ, Ḍ ḍar [ḍ], [ð] aḍar, ablaḍ, aḍu

e, E ilem, tiγri n yilem [∂] ers, izem, ales

f, F fa [f] afus, tuffra, ilef

g, Gga [g] aglim, taguni

ğ, Ǧ yeǧ [dž], [dz] tiǧǧin, taǧǧewt

h, H ha [h] awelleh, ahicur

ḥ, Ḥ ḥim [ḥ], [ħ] aḥallum, aḥlalas

i, I i, iγri [i], [ị] itri, izi, imi

j, J ja [ž], [z] ajlal, tiji, inijel

k, K ka [k], [k] akal, ikil, asaka

l, L la [l] alim, tallumt

m, M ma [m] imir, aman

n, N na [n] inigi, aslen, ini


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γ, Γ γar [γ], [ ] iγil, aγrum,taleγt

q, Q qil [q] aqadus, abquq

r, R ra (rar) [r] amrar, iri, urar

s, S sa (sar) [s] usu, tasa, tissit

t, T ta [t] tata, atrar, tatut ṭ, Ṭ ṭar [ṭ], [ŧ] aṭas, iṭij, imeṭṭi

u, U u, uγru [u] ul, ulmu, usu

w, W wa [w] awal, acwir

x, X xa [x] axxam, axelxal

y, Y ya [j] aylew, ayyur

z, Z za [z]uzzal, izem,

annuz ẓ, Ẓ ẓar [ẓ] iẓi, aẓar, laẓ

ε, Ɛ εil [ε], [‘] aεlaw, aεrur

G.M. 1 : isekkilen n ugemmay is nettaru tamaziγt, d wid n tlatint, anagar sin-a : γ d ε, i d-yekkan segtegrigt. Isekkilen i yettawin agaz6 ddaw-sen, nettaruyes-sen imesla ufayen, anagar ḥ. Isekkilen i yettawin

akafu nnig-sen, nettaru yes-sen izegnaggaγen

6 Awal agaz ila ismawen-nniḍen : aqqa, tinqiḍt (ẓer Amawal n tmaziγttatrart , Imedyazen, 1980). D awal iseg nezmer ad d-nessuddem awalen-nniḍen, am ssigez , asigez ... (d ayen ur nezmir ad d-nessuddem seg aqqa ).


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imezgiyen n [ c ] d [ j ]. Isekkilen-nniḍen, am ṛ, ṣ ( rakked s ufayen), o, p, v d timerna i d-rennun γef widn ugemmay unnim. Asekkil u, azal-is d win n tuget ntutlayin n umalu ( ou deg tefransist).

G.M. 2

- Ad naru isekkilen ṛ akked ṣ mi ara izmiren kan adssemgirden gar wawalen7 deg talγiwin-nsen tiḥerfiyin :

Amedya 1u ṛ) :

fu ṛṛ8 ~ fu rr ;

fa ṛes ~ fa res ;

ṛbu ~ rbu

Amdeya w 2 ṣ) :

ṣṣif ~ ssif ,ṣṣerr 9 ~ sserr ,

a ṣufi ~ a sufi

ṣeyyed ~ seyyed

– Mi ara yili deg wawal yimesli ufay n tidet, am [ḍ], [ṭ]akked [ẓ], ur d-yewwi ara ad nerr azal i tufayt nyimesla [ṛ] d [ṣ] deg tira :

7 Awalen-a, yewwi-d ad ten-id-nekkes seg usegzawal n Dallet (1982).8 Tufayt n [ṛ] d [ṣ] deg wawalen-a, yewwi-d ad tili ula deg yisuddimen-nsen : ṣeyyed (aṣeyyad, ṣṣyada, …)/seyyed (ssyada, …) 9 Yewwi-d ad nessemgired, deg tira d usiwel, gar umyag sseṛ [Seṛ], i d-yekkanseg talγa steṛ, ideg d imesli aneggaru ay d ufay, akked yisem ṣṣerr [ṢeṚ] i d-yemmalen aṭṭan.


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Amedya 1

– [f ḍǝṛ], γas deg-s [ṛ], ad t-naru fḍer ;

– [aḍaṛ], ad t-naru aḍar

Amedya 2

– [taṣǝṭṭa], γas deg [ṣ], ad t-naru taseṭṭa ;

– [iḍǝṣ ], ad t-naru iḍes. Ad nessemres isekkilen o, p, v deg yismawenimaẓlayen ijenṭaḍen, amedya: Paul, Pa vlov , L pari .

II. Aswir n wawalen

Alugen 1 : yal imesli nettarau-t s yiwen n usekkil, andai yebγu yili, deg tazwara n wawal, deg tlemmast neγdeg taggara.

Deg tazwara n wawal : sefru, segzi

Deg tlemmast n wawal : a swir, a sefru

Deg taggara n wawal : aḍri s , tuγma s

G.M. 3 : Alugen-a, deg tira n tmaziγt kan i yella.

Deg tira n tefransist (d tin n tmaziγt zik, am tira nBulifa, Ferɛun, …), llan yimesla i yettarun s sin (neγugar) n yisekkilen i yemgaraden. D amedya, imesli [š],yettaru s sin deg cheval «agmar», s krad degschéma «azenziγ» ; imesli [s], yettaru s yiwen deg savoir «issin» , s sin deg tasse «afenjal» s c deg place «asarag», sç deg maçon «abennay», s t deg ration «amur», atg.


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Deg ta

ε

rabt

10, am tmaziγt, yal imesli yettaru s yiwen nusekkil, maca kra n yisekkilen deg-s tettbeddil talγa-nsen almend n umkan i uγen deg wawal : غ degtazwara, deg tlemmast, deg taggara, deg taggaraغdeffir usekkil imennebḍi.

2.1. Tussda

Imesli ussid yettaru s usiknew n usekkil : tame ṭṭut,tame ddurt, taze mmurt, ye rreẓ, ize gger, ddu, kker , atg.

Llant snat n taggayin n tussda : tin n tnumi d tin ntjerrumt.

2.1.1. Tussda n tnumi

11

Tussda deg wawal, nettaru-tt akken i nuγ tannuminsell-as. Maca tannumi-y a temxallaf seg tama γertayeḍ, seg taddart γer tayeḍ, tikwal seg umdan γer

10 Leεyub n ugemmay n taεrabt ugten : tamezwarut, yeččur d ineqqiḍen ;ma ttwakksen yineqqiḍen-a, ad d-qqimen deg-s drus n yisekkilen, manerna-yas ineqqiḍen-nni n tmaziγt, ad tessiwen tira. Tis snat, akken i d-nenna, isekkilen tettbeddil talγa-nsen almend n wadeg-nsen deg wawal :anect-a yessugut talγa. Tis kradet, llan seg-sen yisekkilen i ilaq admsenṭaḍen deg wawal, llan wiyaḍ

ilaq ad msebḍun : anect-a d ugur i tukksan yilmawen i yellan gar wawalen.11 Llan wawalen ideg tella tussda deg kra n tmeslayin, anda i yella umgireddeg ususru gar temnaḍin, nezmer ad naru talγiwin-nni i snat :ameddakel/amdakkel/amdakel . Maca, acku tussda deg yismawen tannumi,

tazzla , d tussda n uẓar ( nnam , azzel ) , yewwi-d ad ten-naru s talγa ideg tellatussda. Yella wanda tussda tla azal : laẓ (isem) llaẓ (amyag), fad (isem) ffad (amyag), tusna ( n warẓaẓen, n tzizwa) tussna (< issin), atg. e wt war tussda,am yisem ti kelt ., atg. Deg yimyagen gget , ggri , ad naru g d ussid : yegget , ggten

(taseftit tamagnut), ggru (―qqim d aneggaru‖) gru (= ―rfu‖ ).


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wayeḍ. Tifrat n wugur-a : d asegzawal ara aγ-d-yemlenanda tella, d wanda ur telli tussda.

2.1.1.1. Iferdisen n umawal

a) ismawen : tile lli , u zzal , u ffal , ddeqs , atg.

G.M. 4 : deg yismawen i d-yekkan seg taεrabt, wid iibeddun s yisekkilen n yiṭij , deg tmaziγt, asekkilamezwaru yezga d ussid : ssif, ṭṭbel, zzit, ṭṭir, ṭṭbib, nnif,rrif, nnefs , atg.

b) imyagen

+ i ilan yiwet n tergalt

– w ar tiγri tačurant : e kk , e rr , e ǧǧ , atg.

– d teγri tačurant : zzi, ddu, ssu , atg.

+ i ilan snat (neγ ugar) n tergalin12

–

war tiγri tačurant : cceḍ, ccef, ddem, dder, ffer, kker, kkes,de gger, qqers, ṭṭerḍeq , atg.

–

d yiwet n teγri tačurant : ggall, se qqi, a zzel, mle lli , atg.

–

d snat n teγra tičuranin : dduri, i ssin, ggani , atg.

2.1.1.2. Iferdisen n tjerrumt

Ugur n tussda i d-ikecmen deg tsekka-ya yerza :izwiren n usuddem n umyag ( s n usswaγ, ttwa nuttwaγ) akked tt

n wurmir ussid :

12 Tussda n tergalt tamezwarut n yimyagen ilan snat n tergalin, tekka-d seguγelluy n yiwet n tergalt n zik : [ w ] ( qqen < *wγen ) neγ [ n ] ( kker < nker )…


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a)

s

n usswaγ

s n usswaγ, ad t-naru d aḥerfi mi ara yili umyag i terzataluft d arilaw (deg wumuγ n wawalen n tutlayt, degusegzawal : d awal kan, ur d tafyirt), akken i yebγu yiliumyag. Maca, deg umyag yeftin, s n usswaγ d ussid,ad t-naru s usekkil uslig.

Imedyaten

siwel maca ye ssawal, ssawale γ ; Kečč, ssiwel.

seddu ~ ye ssedduy, ssedduye γ ; Kunwi, sseddum.

senker ~ ye ssenkar, ssenkare γ ; Kemm, ssenker.

s

ufeγ ~ ye ssufu γ , ssufu γ e γ ; Kunemti, ssuf γ emt.

Maca llan yimyagen ideg s yettili d aḥerfi γas yeftiumyag.

Imedyaten :sgall ~ yesgull

smir ~ yesmar

b) ttwa d ttu n uttwaγ

Attwaγ, ila snat n talγiwin zgant ssdent i snat : ttwa dttu

(snat-a n talγiwin, d tisenfal timnaḍanin (variantesrégionales)

– Imedyaten s ttwa : ttwakkes (


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ttunefk (< efk ), talγa n uttwaγ-ines d ttu i yernan γefumyag asuddim nnefk am deg ttunebder (< nnebder ( ?)= ttwabder )

Akken i tebγu tili talγa n uttwaγ, [tt] deg -s, d ussid.

Tamawt : yella uttwaγ s mm--- d nn--- , ad ten-naru susekkil uslig.

Imedyaten : mmečč ; mmels ; nnerni ; nnefsusi . c) tt n wurmir ussid

[ tt ] n wurmir ussid, d ussid akken i yebγu yettwanṭeq.

Imedyaten : ttawi (< awi ), ttaki (< aki ), ttnadi (< nadi ),tt

aṭṭaf (< ṭṭef ), ttlal (< lal )

Tamawt : maca llan yimyagen, deg kra n temnaḍin, [ t ]n wurmir ussid-nsen war tussda,

Imedyaten:ečč

: ad naru ttett γas yettwanṭaq [ tett ] ;

ddu : ad naru tteddu γas yettwanṭaq [ teddu ].

2.1.2. Tussda n tjerrumt

Tabadut : d tussda i ilan azal deg tjerrumt,

tessemgirid gar snat n taggayin (isem d umyag) neγgar snat n talγiwin n yiwet n taggayt (urmir d wurmirussid, isem n tigawt d yisem n umeskar, atg.) :

Alugen 2 :

a) gar umyag d yisem

fad / ffad


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laẓ /ll

aẓ

fru / fe rru

bḍu / be ṭṭu

b) gar wurmir d wurmir ussid

ẓer / ẓe rr,

se l / se ll, g zem / ge zzem ,

krez / kerrez

z wir / ze wwir [zegg w ir, zeggir]

bru / be rru,

fru / fe rru,

fsu / fe ssu,

bḍu / be ṭṭu 13 , atg . fsi/fessi [fetti].

c) gar yisem n tigawt d yisem n umeskar

agzar/age zzar,

azdam/aze ddam,

axdaε / axe dd

aε

d) gar wawalen (d ismawen neγ d imyagen)

Deg tegnit-a tussda tessemgirid gar wawalen.

13 D tussda n [ḍ] i d-yefkan [ṭ] ussid da, nettaru-t d ṭṭ


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– talast /tallast ( talast = tilist / ye γli yiṭij, teγ li-d ta llast )

– sew/seww ( ad isew aman isemmaḍen /ad iseww lexrif s yiḍudan )

– sisen/sissen ( ad isisen a γ rum/ad yessissen gma-s i umdakel )

– ad lsen/ad llsen ( ad lsen abernus/ad llsen tixsi ).

–

tusna/tussna ( tusna = taγawsa teskar tzizwit/tussna < issin )

– ilu/illu ( ilu = aγersiw/ illu = tazmert tuffirt)

2.2. Kra n yimesla llan deg tmenna, ulac-iten deg tira

Alugen 3 : T

iggeγt d tzenzeγt

Isekkilen b, d, g, k, t, lan, deg tmenna, sin n wazalen,agga γ d uzenzaγ ; acku tizenzeγt ur tli azal asnislan, urasen-nettarra azal deg tira (tumrist). Ihi :

Ad naru Nezmer ad nessiwel

ba ba [ baba] = [ baba]

i bawen [ibawen] = [ibawen]

i dis, a drar [idis] = [idis], [adrar] = [adrar]

i genni [igenni] = [igenni]

ar gaz [argaz] = [argaz]

a kal, a kufi [akal] = [akal], [akufi] = [akufi]

ta tu t , ta ta [ tatut ] = [ tatut ], [ tata] = [ tata]


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Alugen 4

: Tanγit

14

Isekkilen g, k, γ, x, q, lan, deg tmenna, azal n tan γ it . Acku tanγit ur tli azal asnislan, ur as-nettarra azal degtira. Ihi :


a glim, gma [agwlim] = [aglim], [ gwma] = [ gma]

a kbal, akked [akwbal] = [akbal], [akkwed] = [akked]

al γem, a γrab [alγwem] = [alγem], [aγwrab] = [aγrab]

a xlenj, ta xzant [axwlenj] = [axlenj], [taxwzant] =[taxzant]

G.M. 5 : llant kra n tsuraf, ideg tanγit γur-s azal

asnislan :

a kbal (< kbel) ~ [akwbal] ;

e gg ~ [eggw ] ;

[reggwel] (< re wwel < r wel ) ~ re ggel (< r gel ) ; atg.

Tifrat : deg umedya-nni amezwaru, d tafyirt ideg yella wawal ara d-yesseknen anamek-is, ma deg sin n

14 Imesla i terza taluft-a n tanγit, d anγiyen yakan, ama d wid n wammas n waneγ (‗‗palais dur‘‘) ama d wid n waneγ alewwγan (‗‗palais mou‘‘ =‗‗vélum‘‘) ; deg tilawt, ay asen-irennun d asenfer (‗‗labialisation‘‘), aswines dudegger n yicenfiren γer sdat (‗‗arrondissement et projection des lèvres versl‘avant‘‘), γas akken yella deg -sen usenγi (‗‗vélarisation‘‘) (tettnerni acemmatanγit-nsen).


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yimedyaten ineggura, ad naru e ww [eggw ] ; ma d urmirussid n r wel , ad t-naru re wwel [reggwel].

D akbal ay ččiγ. ~ D akbal i kebleγ tabrat .

Alugen 5 : Tazegnaggaγt

Isekkilen t d z lan, deg tmenna, azal n teznagga γ t , ittarun zik ţ = [ts], ž = [dz]. Maca, deg tira, ţ ad yuγaltt, ž ad yuγal zz (s usiknew n usekkil). Ihi :

ad naru nezmer ad nessiwel

ttu [ ţţu] = [ ttu]

tide t ) [tideţ ] = [tidett ]

ire zzef [irežžef] = [irezzef]

Le zzayer [Ležžayer] = [Lezzayer]

(

)

G.M. 6 : deg kra n tmeslayin n teqbaylit, awalenyeggran s t (neγ s tt), t-nni ssawalen-t [ts]. Maca, degtira, ulayγer ara nesker sin n t. Ihi, ad naru : turet [tureţ ] , tuge t [tugeţ ], taxuxe t [taxuxeţ ], tamacahu t [tamacahuţ ], atg.

Alugen 6 : Tufayt

Deg tmaziγt n wassa llant kradet n tufayin n tidet :/ẓ/, /ḍ/,/ṭ/15.

a ẓar, i ẓi, a ḍar, a ḍu, i ṭij, a ṭṭan , atg.

15 Deg tegti, [ṭ] yekka-d seg [ḍ] ussid neγ seg temsertit n [ḍ]/[d] d [t].


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G.M. 7 : tella tufayt ur nettuneḥsab, ur tt-nettaru, amtin :

– n c deg u ccay (= *u scay [ les ], [ nes ], [reγ ], [ nez ], [ wet ] = [wwet], maca del, ḍer ,


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gem, gen, ger, γ er, sel, se γ , sew, ẓer > [edl], ... [egm], ...(azamul, anamek-is : « nesmenyif »)

Alugen 9 : R

1

R

2

R

3

R

1

R

2

eR

3

/ R

1

eR

2

R

3

Mi ara mseḍfarent kradet n tergalin tiḥerfiyin deg wawal, ad naru e :

- gar tergalt tamezwarut d tis snat : [almsir] al emsir ,

- neγ gar tis snat d tis kradet : [gzm] gz em , [tabzrt] tabz ert , [azgr] azg er , [amgrḍ] amg erḍ .

Alugen 10 : mi ara tili tergalt tis snat d tussidt, ad narue sdat-s :

[ tamṭṭut] tam eṭṭut , [tamddurt] tam eddurt ,[azddam] az eddam , [tillli] til elli .

G.M. 9 : g ar tergalt tussidt d tergalt taḥerfit ilaq ad

naru e, anagar ma tunṭiqt yebdan s tergalt tis snat dturgilt16 : RγR R) neγ ReR.

– tussna ( < issin ), tuffγa (


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a) ma d asemmad imsegzi (n umatar udmawan neγ numqim awsil asemmad usrid) deffir umyag :

Yewt-d ubruri . (addad amaruz) Abruri, yewt-d .(addad ilelli)

Yesseγli -tt texxamt-nni. (addad amaruz) Taxxamt-nni, yesseγli -tt. (addad ilelli)

b) ma yeḍfer tanzeγt (seg tenzaγ i yesseḍfaren addadamaruz)18 :

Yekkat uzzal. (addad ilelli) Yekkat s wuzzal. (addadamaruz)

Yerfed ifassen s igenni. (addad ilelli) Yerfed-it s yifassen. (addad amaruz)

c) ma yeḍfer isem neγ amḍan, tili tenzeγt n gar-asenneγ ur telli19 :

yiwen n urgaz, yiwet n tmeṭṭut, sin n wussan, snat n t eqcicin,tamurt n umalu ; Iγil U jilban, Tizi Wezzu, I γ il Wwammas atg.

17 Llan yismawen ur nli addad : imalayen i yebdan s tergalt d kra n wuntiyeniwezzlanen : fad, laẓ, tama, tala, tara, tili, timmi, tizi, ticci, taluft, taddart, atg., dyismawen untiyen i yebdan s teγri u : tudert, tuddar, turet, tuzzar, atg.18 Llant tenzaγ i yesseḍfaren isem deg waddad ilelli : s (n tnila), ar (arma d),

mebla, war, atg. Yewt-it s afus. (tanila, addad ilelli) Yewt-it s ufus. (allal, addadamaruz) ; Ar axxam, tesgunfuḍ ! (addad ilelli) Yewweḍ γer uxxam. (addadamaruz). Tanzeγt d i d-yemmalen tilawt, tesseḍfar addad ilelli : Tedda d t islit. (tilawt, addad ilelli) Tedda d t eslit. (tanzeγt, addad amaruz). 19 Yewwi-d ad nessemgired gar taxxamt tubrikt ( tubrikt d arbib) taxxamt ntubrikt ( tubrikt d isem).


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2.4.1. Talγiwin n waddad amaruz

2.4.1.1. Ismawen imalayen

2.4.1.1.1. Ismawen imalayen ibeddun s

a

Lan snat n talγiwin :

Tamezwarut : addad ilelli a /addad amaruz u

Imedyaten :

a fud / u fud,

asafu / usafu,

aḍris / uḍris ,

axxam / uxxam

Tis snat : addad ilelli a / addad amaruz wa

Imedyaten

awal / wawal,

asif / wasif,

akal / wakal

Tamawt 1 : deg tira d tγuri n wayen i yuran, yessefk adneḍfer ilugan-a, maca deg ususru nezmer ad d-nessiwel akken nennum, amedya : uxxam (= [uxxam]= [wexxam])

Tamawt 2

- Llan yismawen, lan snat n talγiwin n waddadamaruz : a fud / u fud / wa fud ;


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- Llan yismawen, d tasenfelt-nsen war tussda i ilanaddad amaruz tirugza / trugza ; tirrugza / tirrugza ;

- Llan yismawen ideg talγa n waddad amaruztettbeddil ilmend n tussda : adaynin/udaynin ;addaynin/waddaynin .

2.4.1.1.2. Ismawen imalayen i ibeddun s i

Deg timawt i iγelli, ur t-id-nessusruy, yettuγal degumkan-is y. Mi ara yili yisem ibeddu s i, deg waddadamaruz ad as-nernu kan y.

Addad ilelli i / addad amaruz yi

Imedyaten : idis / yidis, i ffis / yi ffis, iγallen / yiγallen ;irgazen / yirgazen .

2.4.1.1.3. Ismawen imalayen ibeddun s

u

Akken i yebγu yili yisem ibeddun s u, d asuf neγ dasget, deg waddad amaruz ad as-nernu w.

Addad ilelli u / addad amaruz wu

Imedyaten : ul / wul ; udem / wudem ; uccen / wuccen ;ungifen / wungifen ; ungalen / wungalen

2.4.1.2. Ismawen untiyen

2.4.1.2.1. Ismawen untiyen i ibeddun s

a

Deg tegnit-a (deg yismawen i ilan addad), addad

amaruz, yettili s sin n wudmawen :a) Aγelluy n teγri (deg yismawen ilan taγessa taR

γ— ,d taluft n tira kan)


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Imedyaten : t amurt / tmurt ; t ameṭṭut / tmeṭṭut ; t alaba /tlaba

b) Abeddel n teγri s yilem (deg yismawen ilan taγessataR

R

2

γ— , d taluft n tira kan)

–

Imedyaten : t aγrast / t eγrast ; t a gmert / t e gmert ;t aswalt/t eswalt

Tamawt : llan yismawen ur nli addad : ismawenuntiyen i ibeddun s teγri u ( tudert, tuddar, tuzzar, tuget ,atg.) ; ismawen imalayen i yebdan s tergalt d kra n

wuntiyen iwezzlanen ( fad, laẓ , tala, taluft, tamemt , atg.)

2.4.1.2.2. Ismawen untiyen i ibeddun s

i

– s uγelluy n teγri-nni ( ti t– : deg yismawen i ilantaγessa tiR

γ— ) :

t ilelli tlelli , t irugza trugza , t isekrin tsekrin ,

t izemrin tzemrin , t i funasin tfunasin , atg.

–

s yilem deg wadeg n teγri-nni ( ti te : degyismawen i ilan taγessa taR

R

2

γ— ) :

t amγart t emγart, t aqcict t eqcict, t imγarin t emγarin, t iqcicin t eqcicin , atg.

III. Aswir n tezrarin (tilas gar wawalen)

Deg tezrarin, llan wawalen qqnen γer wiyaḍ : deg tira,

tuqqna-nni, teskan-itt-id tezdit. Deg tilas n wawalen,neγ deg taggara n yisem, tirgalin, ttemyezrirint, tezmeryiwet ad tečč tayeḍ, neγ deg snat ad d-fkent targalt-iḍen : deg timawt, anect-a, teskan-it-id temsertit. Deg


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tilas n wawalen daγen ttemlilint teγra : deg timawt,tettili tukksa n tanẓa. Deg tilas daγen, yettbeddil yilemamkan, deg timawt. Maca, deg tira tumrist, yessefk add-nesken awalen n tezrart am wakken i llan i yiman-nsen, s timmad-nsen.

3.1. Tizdit

Tizdit d yiwen n wallal n tira, ibeṭṭu izeddi γef tikelt ;teskan-d sin n wawalen gar-asen assaγ. Tetteqqen garwawal agejdan d yimezzayen-is. Anda i tettili tezdit ?

Alugen 14 : gar umyag d wawalen i as-d-yezzin :amqim asemmad usrid, amqim asemmad arusrid,tazelγa n tnila.

– ama deffir umyag

yewwi -t , yewwi -t-id ; yewwi -yas , yewwi -yas-d ; yewwi -yas-t ; yewwi -yas-t-id.

— Iwsilen usriden (i yettuγalen deg wadeg nyisemmaden usriden) i yettabaɛen amyag i yettfakkans teγri (amedya : awi )

yewwi-yi

yewwi-kem

yewwi-k

yewwi-t

yewwi-tt

yewwi- y aγ

yewwi-ken


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yewwi-kent

yewwi-ten

yewwi-tent

— Iwsilen usriden i yettabaɛen amyag iyettfakkan s tergalt (amedya : aker )

yuker-iyi

yuker-ik

yuker-ikem

yuker-it

yuker-itt

yuker- aγ

yuker-iken

yuker-ikent yuker-iten

yuker-itent

— Iwsilen arusriden (i yettuγalen deg wadeg nyisemmaden arusriden) i yettabaɛen amyag iyettfakkan s teγri (amedya : awi )

yewwi-yi

yewwi-yak

yewwi-yam

yewwi-yas

yewwi-y aγ


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yewwi-yawen

yewwi-yawent

yewwi-yasen

yewwi-yasent

— Iwsilen arusriden i yettabaɛen amyag i

yettfakkan s tergalt (amedya :aker

) yuker-iyi

yuker-ak

yuker-am

yuker-as

yuker- aγ

yuker-awen

yuker-awent yuker-asen

yuker-asent

G.M. 10 : ur nettaru tizdit gar tzelγa n wurmir, ad, dumyag, acku yezmer ad d-yekcem wawal-nniḍen gar-asen :

Ad yečč. Ad taruḍ . Ad yeεfu . Ad rzun. atg.

Ad yes-s taruḍ tabrat ; Ad fell-as yeɛfu Rebbi ; ad γur-s rzun,atg.

–

ama sdat umyag


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D netta i t- yewwin ; Akka i as-nniγ : [akkaysenniγ] =[akkisenniγ] = akkiyasenniγ] = [akkidasenniγ] =akkaydasenniγ] ;

D netta i as-t- yewwin ; D netta i as-t-id- yewwin, atg.

G.M. 11

– Mi ara mseḍfaren wawalen-a tama n umyag,amsizwer-nsen d wa : arusrid-usrid-tanila.

– Deffir wusrid, tazelγa n tnila, d neγ n, irennu sdat-s i : yewwi-t -id ; yewwi-tent- id , atg.

Alugen 15 : gar yisem d yiwsilen-is

a) Amqim n wayla

—

n yisem amagnu : afus -is (- ines ) ; axxam -nneγtamurt -nsen , atg.

afus-iw (-inu)afus-ik (inek)

afus-im (-inem)

afus-is (-ines)

afus- nneγ

afus- nteγ

afus-nwen

afus-nwentafus-nsen

afus-nsent


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—

n yisem n timmarewt : baba -m , yelli- k , mmi- s ,aḍewwal

-is [aḍegg w al-is ], xali -tneγ ; jeddi -twen , atg.

baba

baba-k

baba-m

baba-s

baba- tneγ

baba- tenteγ

baba-twen

baba-twent

baba-tsen

baba-tsent

— n umḍan : yiwen -is , sin- nwen , yiwen -nsen ( = amnetta am nettat ), atg.

yiwen-iw

yiwen-ik

yiwet-im

yiwen-is

yiwet-is

yiwen- nneγ yiwet- nteγ

yiwen-nwen


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yiwet-nwent

yiwen-nsen

yiwet-nsent

b) Arbib ameskan

20

(n tiẓin, n tigguga, n ubdar, ntiḍent)

ass -a21 ; azekka -nni ; taddart- ihin , tameṭṭut

-nni ; argaz -nniḍen , tamurt- nniḍen , atg.

- n tiẓin : taddart- a

- n tigguga : taddart- ihin

- n ubdar : taddart- nni

- n tiḍent : taddart- nniḍen

G.M. 12 : tettekk tezdit

a) gar urbib ameskan d umqim n wayla : argaz -nni-ines

22.

b) gar umqim ameskan d umqim n wayla : win -nsen ,tin -nneγ , wid -iw , atg.

c) gar yiwsilen-a ma mseḍfaren : widak-nni-nneγ , tidak-nni-nneγ ( tidak- nni, nneγ/nneγ tidak-nni ).

20 Seg gar talγiwin n ubrib ameskan, yewwi-d ad naru - nni ( imir- nni ) γasnessawal tikwal [imir-enn ], yewwi-d ad naru - a ( imir- a ) γas nessawal tikwal[imir-agi, imir-ayi ].21 Yewwi-d ad nessemgired deg tira gar ass-a (ass ideg nella) d assa (tallittamirant, zzman n tura, ideg nedder).22 Ma ur nuri tizdit gar urbib ameskan d umqim n wayla, ad d-teffeγ tefyirt :argaz-nni, ines = argaz-nni, d ayla-s.


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Alugen 16 : g

ar tenzeγt d umqim n wayla

— fell

fell-i

fell-ak

fell-am

fell-as fell- aγ/fell - aneγ

fell- aγ/ fell - anteγ

fell-awen

fell-awent

fell-asen

fell-asent

— deg, seg, nnig, γur… deg-i

deg-k

deg-m

deg-s

deg- neγ

deg- nteγ

deg-wen

deg-went

deg-sen


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deg-sent

— ddaw

ddaw-i (-aw)

ddaw-ak

ddaw-am

ddaw-asddaw- atneγ

ddaw-ate nteγ

ddaw-atwen

ddaw-atwent

ddaw-atsen (-sen)

ddaw-atsent (-sent)

—

gar

gar-i

gar-ak

gar-am

gar-as

gar- aneγ

gar- anteγ

gar-awen

gar-awent

gar-asen


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gar-asent

G.M. 13 : llant aṭas n tegnatin ideg ur nettaru tizdit,gar-asent :

a) gar wis d umḍan ay t-iḍefren : wis sin, wis krad , atg.

b) gar yimuren n yismawen uddisen : tislit n unẓar,Yusef u Qasi, Si Muḥend u Mḥend , atg.

3.2. Tamsertit deg tezrart (gar wawalen)

Ama deg taggara n wawal, ama gar wawalen, llan kran yimesla ttemyezririn : tettili temsertit gar yimeslianeggaru n wawal amezwaru d yimesli amezwaru n

wawal wis sin.

Alugen 17 : deg tira tumrist, tettekkes temsertit i tebγutili.

Hatna yimesla i terza temsertit (tafelwit) :

Tamsertit Ad naru Nezmer adnessiwel

Gartenzeγt n

d tecreḍt n wunti t deg tazwara n yisem.

tasa ntmeṭṭut

[tasa-ttmeṭṭut] =[tasantmeṭṭut]

d tecreḍt n waddadamaruz w/u degyisem.

awal nurgaz ;aman nwasif

[awal-wwergaz] =[ gwergaz],[ bbwergaz] ;[aman-bbwasif]

d w n umqim iyebdan yes-s

awal n wid i iceṭren

[awal bbwid igceṭṛen]


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d tecreḍt n waddadamaruz y deg yisem.

tajmaεt nyirgazen

[tajmaεt-yyergazen] =[ ggergazen]

d f n yisem yebdanyes-s.

tamurt n Faḍma [tamurt-f-Faḍma]

d m n yisem yebdanyes-s.

ddin nMuḥemmed

din m-Muḥemmed

d r n yisem yebdanyes-s.

awal nRebbi

[awal-r-Ṛebbi]

d l n yisem yebdanyes-s.

tagennurt n lalla

[tagennurt-l-lalla]

Gar m ntenzeγtam

d w n yisem(/amqim) yebdanyes-s.

a m win,a m win !;a m wakal

[am-min, am-min]; [am-makal]

Gar

tenzeγt d

d tecreḍt n wunti t deg yisem.

argaz dtmeṭṭut

[argaz t-tmeṭṭut]= [argaz ţ-

ţmeṭṭut ] Gar tzelγan tilawt d

d tecreḍt n wunti t deg yisem.

d

tamelḥantteqcict-nni

[ t-tamelḥant …]= [ ţ-ţamelḥant…]

Gar d ntzelγa n

wurmir ad

d yimatarenudmawanen t—, n— deg umyag.

a d tawiḍ,a d tawi, a dtawimt; a dnawi

[at-tawiḍ] = [aţ-ţawiḍ], [at-tawi] =[aţ-ţawi], [at-tawimt] = [aţ-ţawimt] ; [an-nawi]

d t n umqim awsilasemmad usrid.

a d t- tawiḍ ;a d ten-nawi

[a t-tawiḍ]; [a ten-nawi]


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Gar tzelγan tnila d

d umatar udmawant — deg umyag.

ad d-tawi ;ad d- tawiḍ

[add-awi] = [add-tawi] ; [add-awiḍ]= [add-tawiḍ]

Garumatarudmawanḍ

d t n umqim awsilasemmad usrid.

tenγi ḍ-t ;tenγi ḍ-tent

[tenγiṭ-t ] =[tenγiṭ-ṭ ] ; [tenγiṭ-ṭent ]

Gar y numassaγay

d umatar y/i degumyag neγ degumaγun.

a y yečča, daγrum !; a y yemmuten,d amγar! ;d nekk a yi

ruḥen ; inekk a yiruḥ

[ ig-gečča daγrum] = [ ag-gečča d aγrum] ;[ ig-gemmuten, damγar] = [ ag-gemmuten damγar] ; [d nekkag-gruḥen] ; [inekk ag-gruḥ]

Garumassaγ i

d umatar y/i degumyag neγ degumaγun.

d ayen i

yenwa ; dkečči

yeččan ; dnetta i i ferrnen ;akka iiruḥ d asfel

[d ayen i-genwa] ;[d kečč i-geččan] ;[d netta i-gferrnen] ; [akkai-gruḥ d asfel]

Gar f ntenzeγtγef

d w neγ u n waddadamaruz n yisem.

γe f wakal ;γe f uxxam

[γef-fakal] ; [γef-fexxam]

Gar g ntenzaγ deg d seg

d w n umqim iyebdan yes-s deg wa ; segwa γ er wa [deggw

a] ; [segg

w

aγer wa]

d w neγ u n waddadamaruz n yisem.

se g uxxam ;de g waman

[seg- gwexxam] =[seg-gexxam] ;[deg- gwaman]


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G.M. 16 : llant kra n tegnatin ur llint d tamsertittalugant : γas yella umedya [ d ] + [ n ] = [ nn ], γas manettaru a d nawi i nessawal [an-nawi], yella idni [idni],laden-is

[ladn-is], yedneb [yedneb] atg.

3.3. Timlilit n teγra

Deg tmaziγt, ur zmirent ara snat n teγra admseḍfarent deg tmenna, ama deg wawal, ama gar sinn wawalen (deg tezrart). Mi ara mseḍfaren sin n

wawalen, amezwaru yeggra s teγri, wis sin yebda steγri :

Alugen 18 :

tamezwarut tγelli, deg tmenna, maca,

nettaru-tt :


Ur yufi ara[ur yufara] = [ur yufiyara]

Ur d-yenni ara [ur d-yennara] = [ur d-yenniyara]

Akka i as- nniγ [akk-i s-nniγ]

Yesseγli izem [yesseγl-izem]

Yeswa aman [yesw-aman]

Yaru urrifen-is ! [yar-urrifn-is]

Ad yebnu axxam [ad yebn-axxam]

M i ara d- yuγal… [m-ara d-yuγal]

M a ur yelli… [m-ur yelli]


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Alugen 19 : yettekk y gar-asent, ineṭṭeḍ γer teγri ntzelγa n usiwel, γer umqim arusrid ma yusa-d deffirumyag kan, nettaru-t :

Ay argaz! ; ini-yas ; yenna-yasen : akka i asen-yenna [akkayasenyenna]/[akkiyasenyenna]/[akkadasenyenna

]/[akkidasenyenna]/[akkasenyenna]/[akkisenyenna].

Alugen 20 : tis snat tettuγal d tazegneγrit (d azgen nteγri), maca nettaru-tt d tiγri :

– m a ulac [ma-wlac], yell a ulac-it [yella-wlac-it] ;

–

m i ulac [mi-wlac], lhan i usufeγ [lhan i-wsufeγ].

G.M. 17 : [ i] + [ i ] = [ ig ] : D tim γ arin i i ε emren tudrin (ẓer tamsertit, alugen 17).

3.4. Tamlellit n yilem

Tiγri n yilem, e, tettbeddil amkan deg wawal almend n

tγessa tamsislant n wawal-nni :[y ezg er] d [zegreγ ], d sin wawalen n yiwen n ufeggag(yebḍa-ten umatar udmawan), maca,

– deg [y ezg er], e yella gar y d z, d gar g d r ;

– deg [zegreγ], e yella gar z d g d gar r d γ.

[azrem] d [izerman] d sin n wawalen n yiwen nufeggag (yiwen d asuf, wayeḍ d asget),

maca,

– deg [azrem], e yella gar r d m ;– deg [izerman], e yella gar z d r.


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Alugen 21 : tiγri n yilem, tettbeddil amkan deg wawal,deg tmenna d tira, almend n tγessa n wawal-nni (ẓerimedyaten-a, n ufella].

Alugen 22 : seg wawal γer wayeḍ, tiγri n yilem, tezmerad tbeddel amkan deg tmenna, ur tettbeddil amkandeg tira.

Mi ara d-yernu wawal-iḍen deffir wawal-nni, e yellandeg tunṭiqt taneggarut, yettbeddil daγen amkan degtmenna, maca deg tira, yettaṭṭaf amkan-is anesli :

– y ezg er : y ezg er-d [izegr-edd] ; z e gr en : z e gr en-as [zg ern-as] ;

– il es : iles-nsen [ils-ensen] ; ilsawen : ilsaw en-nsent [ilsawn-ensent] ;

–

alγ em : alγ em-nni [aleγm-enni], atg.

3.5. Amkan n yisekkilen imeqqranen

Alugen 23 : asekkil ameqqran, yettili deg sin nyimeḍqan kan :

a) Deg tazwara n tefyirt : Tafyirt, tbeddu s usekkilameqqran, tettfakka s wagaz (tinqiḍt) ( . ).

Yečča , yeswa. D argaz. Ssuq, ssbeḥ. Γur -i yiwen n umdakel.

b) Deg tazwara n yisem n umdan neγ n umkan(tamdint, tamurt, atg.) :

Boulifa, Mammeri, Belεid a t Ɛli, Dallet ; Fransa, Lalman, Marikan, Lpari, Tizi, Bgayet, atg.


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G.M. 14 : deg waddad amaruz, d asekkil amezwaru ayd ameqqran : Tamurt n Yigawawen …

Alugen 24 : asigez23, ila azal meqqren, yettarra azal iusgunfu, ibeddi, asesten, abhat, abdar , atg., i yellan degtimawt. Asigez, d taluft tameγradt.

Deg unagraw n usigez i ssemrasen, llan yizamulen-a :

– aqqa 24 ( . ), ticcert ( , ), ticcert aqqa ( ; ), sin n waqqayen wannig wa ( : ),

– aqqa n tuttra ( ? ), aqqa n ubhat ( ), krad n waqqayen ( ... ),

– gar tacciwin ( ( ) ), gar tuccar ( « » ), acciwen ( [ ] ), aseṭṭef ( iseṭṭaf ) ( { } ),

– yugar, yif ( > ), ddaw, yir (


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Alugen 25 : ismawen uzzigen (wid n yimukan, wid nyimdanen), nettaru-ten :

a) Akken ttwanṭaqen : Iγil Ɛ li ( mačči Iγil n Ɛ li ) : IγilBbammas ( neγ Iγil Wwammas , mačči Iγil n Wammas ) ;Tawrirt Musa ( mačči Tawrirt n Musa ), Tizi Wezzu , atg.

b) Neγ, akken i llan ttarun ya (deg waddad aγarim,

‗‗l‘état civil‘‘ ) :– Ama d ismawen n Yimaziγen : J.-E. Amrouche,

Marguerite-Taos Amrouche, Mouloud Mammeri, MouloudFeraoun, Kateb Yacine, …

– Ama d iberraniyen : J.-M. Dallet, K. Prasse, AndréBasset, L. Galand, …

c) Ismawen n tmura (neγ n temdinin) tiberraniyin, adten-naru akken i ttarun ya : Paris, New york, Londres

(London), Tokyo,… anagar wid i yettumezγen ya ara

naru akka : Fransa, Budapest, Lalman, Marikan, Sεudi,…

Kra n yisumar-

iḍen

Tamsertit, mačči gar wawalen kan i tella (ẓer alugen 17 ) ; tella, deg kra n tmeslayin, ula deg wawal. Ihi, wini yettarun, yessefk ad d-yezg nnig tmeslayt-is (neγ,lemmer nettaf, nnig tantala-s) akken ad as-fehmen

wiyaḍ ayen yura. Deg kra n tmeslayin (n teqbaylit), tettili temsertit deg

wawal : mi ara mlilen sin n yimesla, ttuγalen, degtmenna, d imesla-nniḍen ur nelli deg uẓar n wawal.


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Alugen 26 : ugur n temsertit deg wawal, deg tmenna,tifrat-is, deg tira, d tuγalin γer uẓar n wawal-nni :

Tamsertit Ad naruNezmer ad

nessiwel

gar [ ḍ ] neγ [ d ] n uẓarn wawal

d [ t ] n umur wis sin n

tecreḍt n wunti

tayazi ḍt , tamna ḍt ;

tabri dt , tayeddi dt

[tayaziṭ ], [tamnaṭ ];

[tabriṭ ], [tayeddiṭ ]

gar [ l ] nuẓar n

wawal

d [ d ] n uẓar n wawal

ldiγ tawwurt ,se ldazekka

[ lliγ tabburt],[sellazekka]

gar [ s ] nuẓar n

wawal

d [ d ] n uẓar n wawal sder [zder] = [zzer]

[ yy ] = [ gg ] a yyaw (


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wawal

d [ z ] n uẓar n wawal

si zdeg [zizdeg]

gar [ s ] ntanzeγt s

d [ d ] ntenzeγt iγertenṭeḍ

sdat, sdeffir[sdat] = [zzat],[zdeffir]

Alugen 27 : llan kra n yimesla ttawḍen, deg kra ntmeslayin, akkin i tzenzeγt, ttawḍen γer wulwu aneggaru, deg tmenna. Llan daγen kra n yimeslattγaren deg kra n tmeslayin. Deg tira, yessefk ad d-nessekfel imesla inesliyen, ama d wid i yuγ wulwuama d wid i tuγ taγert :

a) Imesla i yettalwin

Ulwu Ad naru Γas yella wanda qqaren

[ k ] > [ k ]> [ y ]

ta kerza (< krez),ti kersi (< kres), ...

[tayerza], [tiyersi], ...

[ g ] > [ g ] > [ y ]

tu ga, gma, i genni, se g , de g , ...

[tuya], [ yma], [iyenni] (<[igenni], [si ] (< [*sey ] <[seg ]), [di ] (< [*dey ] <deø]), ...

[ t ] > [ t ] > [ h ] > Ø

(yewwi)- ten, nu tni, ... [(yewwi)-hen, (yawwi-n ],[nuhni], ...


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b) Imesla i

yettγaren (ẓer tamsertit, alugen 17 ; isumar, alugen 26 ) :

Deg tmenna, imesli [ ww ] yezmer ad d-yefk, almend ntmeslayt :

[ bbw ], [ ppw ], [ kkw ], [ mmw ], [ ggw ], maca ad t-naru ww (ẓer tafelwit) :

Ad naru Nezmer ad d-nini

ye wwi (< a wi) [yebbwi], [yeppwi], [yeggwi], ...

ye wweḍ (< a weḍ) [yebbweḍ], [yeppweḍ], [yeggweḍ], ...

ye wwel (< a wel) [yebbwel], [yeppwel], [yeggwel], ...

ye wwen (< a wen) [yebbwen], [yeppwen], [yeggwen], ...

ye wwa (< e ww ) [yebbwa], [yeppwa], [yeggwa], ...

yesse ww (< se ww < e ww

sse w < se w )25 [yessebbw ], [yesseppw ], [yesseggw ], ...

G.M. 19 : [ k ] n yekkat, urmir ussid n umyag ewt,yekka-d seg tussda n w, maca ad t-naru akken i t-nessawal : yekkat .

Alugen 28 : imqimen n wayla, lan snat n talγiwin :taγezzfant d twezzlant.

25 Yessefk ad nessemgired gar ssu (> usu ), sew (> tissit ), ssew (> aseswi ), seww (> asewwi ).


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Deg teqbaylit, imqimen n wayla γur-sen, deg wasuf,snat n talγiwin : tawezzlant d tγezzfant26. Nezmer add-nini : axxam-iw ( -ik, -im, -is ) neγ axxam-inu ( -inek, - inem, -ines ).

Dγa, d taγezzfant i iqerben γer tantaliwin-nniḍen(tacawit, tacelḥit, …). Nezmer ad nesseqdec talγataγezzfant acku, deg yiwet, tella, deg tayeḍ, teskan-diḥulfan.

baba-inu > baba ; yemma-inu > yemma ; axxam-ines >axxam-is .

Alugen 29 : amqim ilelli, ameskan (d arbib neγ damqim), imerna (n tγara, n wadeg, ...), lan snat ntalγiwin, yiwet d tawezzlant, tayeḍ d taγezzfant. Maca,talγa tawezzlant tif taγezzfant. Ihi, deg tira, yewwi-dad naru talγa tawezzlant acku d talγa taddayt.

Ad naru Nezmer ad nsiwel

nekk, kečč , kemm

[nekki], [nekkini] [keččini], [kečči],[kemmi] [kemmini]

axxam-a [axxam-ayi], [-agi], [-agikana], …

da [dayi], [dagi], [dagikana], …

akka [akkayi], [akkagi], [akkagikana], …

26 Ula deg teqbaylit llant tmeslayin ideg qqaren axxam-nnek , axxam-nnem ,axxam-nnes .


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Alugen 30 : tazelγa n tnila n tla azal, ad tt-nesseqdec.

Deg teqbaylit n kra n temnaḍin (tid n wassa), tazelγan (n win i wimi i nettmeslay) truḥ ad tejlu maḍi.

Teqqim-d deg yiwet n tenfalit kan : aql-i- n (= aqel- i(yi)-n ). Maca, deg temnaḍin-nniḍen, ar assa tella,tettusemras. Ihi, yelha ma nessemras-itt deg tira :tettferriz-d anamek n tefyirt.

Tuget n temnaḍin Anida-nniḍen

Yusa -n.

Yusa -d.

Yusa- d γur-wen , γer din.

Yusa- d γur-neγ , γer da.

Ad n-aseγ.

Ad d-asen

Ad d-aseγ γur-wen γer din.

Ad d-asen γur-neγ , γer da.

G.M. 15 : tazelγa n tnila, ama d d ama d n, anagar mateḍfer amqim usrid ay as-irennu sdat-s yimesli i : yewwi-tt-id, yewwi-tt-in, maca yewwi-d, yewwi-n, yewwi-as-d,yewwi-as-n.

Alugen 31 : imesli azegnaggaγ [ ţ ] neγ [ T ] n taggara nyisem unti, nettarut s yiwen n t27 :

tabra t > tabra tt , tulmu t > tulmu tt , tamacahu t > tamacahu tt ,tamaynut > tamaynu tt , tagni t > tagni tt , taye t > taye tt , tide t> tide tt , atg.

Alugen 32 : nettaru tanzeγt n gar yisem d yisem-nniḍen, gar umqim (ameskan, arbadu) d yisem, gar

27 Γas yiwet n t deg udfir n [tayett] (asget tuyat ), akked t n amaynut , akked tadfir n [tidett] ( sidet = ‗‗vérifier‘‘ ), atg., n uẓar.


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umḍan d yisem, maca ur tt-nettaru gar tenzeγt dyisem28 :

– afus n ugelzim, tasarut n tewwurt, bab n yigenwan, mmi-s n tmeṭṭut ;

– tid n tmara, kra n taluft, yiwen n ubaxix ! ;

– sin n wussan, snat n tulawin, mraw n yi γ fawen ;

– nnig uxxam, ddaw teslent, deffir yi γ il, sdat wallen.

Alugen 33 : amqim asemmad usrid yettawi tiγri i deffirumyag yekfan s tergalt : turez- it , terza- t , yeddem- iyi , yezla-

yi (deg sin-a n yimedyaten ineggura, — -yi yezmer adyili d amqim asemmad usrid neγ d arusrid). Sdatumyag, ur yettawi tiγri. Tiγri-nni, i, i yellan sdat-s, damassaγ : i t- yeččan, d nekk ; akka i yi -d-yenna .

Alugen 34 :

i amassaγ29, nettaru-t iman-is, anagar ma

yezwar tanzeγt yerra-tt d amassaγ : –

Am tebratin i tent-yura ; D ul-is i d-yessawlen ; D iles i tt- id-ibedren, atg.

–

ideg, iγef , iγer , is , atg. Ma yusa-d deffir-s, yettwarayiman-is : deg i , γef i , γer i , s i , atg.

28 Yewwi-d ad nessemgired gar nnig uxxam ( nnig d tanzeγt) ~ nnig n uxxam ( nnig d isem : ―afella‖), ddaw uxxam ( ddaw d tanzeγt) ~ ddaw n uxxam ( ddaw d isem : ―adda‖), deffir uxxam ( deffir d tanzeγt) ~ deffir n uxxam ( deffir d isem :

―amkan i yellan deffir-s‖), sdat uxxam ( sdat d tanzeγt) ~ sdat n uxxam ( sdat disem : ―amkan i yellan γer sdat‖). 29 Talγa i , d tanzeγt, ma yeḍfer-itt yisem, amqim ilelli neγ amqimarudmawan (ameskan, amattar, arbadu), d amassaγ ma nezmer ad nerr aydeg umkan-is, yeṭṭafar-it useγru (d amyag neγ d tanzeγt i d-yemmalen tilawtd yisem).


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G.M. 16 : deg tira, nesmenyif talγa ay n umassaγ : Dadlis ay uran ; Ttaznen medden leḍyur, nekk ay uzneγ daγerda .

G.M. 17 : i n [ i wimi], ur yelli d amassaγ, d tanzeγtacku ur yezmir ay ad yili deg wadeg-is. Llan sinyiberdan n tira : i wimi ( i wanwa, i wanti, i menhu , „„àqui‟‟ ) ; iwimi ( iwacu, ayγer , „„pourquoi‟‟ ) ; i wakken ( almend n waya , “pour cela‖ ) ; iwakken ( akken, bac “pour, pour que, dans le but de” ) ; i wacu ( i wanwa, imenhu “à qui” ) ; iwacu ( acuγer, ayγer “pourquoi” ).

Alugen 35 : amatar udmawan, n wudem wis krad asufamalay, nettaru-t s y i yimyagen i yebdan s snat ntergalin i yemxalafen, s tergalt tusligt neγ s teγri :

yekrez, yeffud, yergel, yuzen, ad yafeg, ad yimγur , atg. Macanettaru i deg yimyagen i yebdan s tergalt, ma deffirumatar taγessa RγR ( ireglen, ikerrez, isuḍ , atg.)

G.M. 18 : yewwi-d ad nessemgired gar i yura n (amassaγ + amaγun) akked

i ura n ( amassaγ + udem 3amalay asget).

Alugen 36 : talγa n yisem unti i ibedden γef umalayneγ n yisem unti n tigawt i ibedden γef uẓar, s t degtazwara d taggara : ayeddi d / tayeddi dt , abri d / tabri dt ; ayazi ḍ/tayazi ḍt ; agḍi ḍ / tagḍi ḍt ; gmer / tagmer t ; cre ḍ / ticre ḍt ; sle ḍ / tasle ḍt , atg.

Alugen 37 : tanzeγt s, ma teḍfer-itt tenzeγt-iḍen, adtenṭeḍ γer-s :

– seddaw, sennig, sdeffir, sdat, sγ ur, atg.


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Alugen 38 : tanzeγt s ur tneṭṭeḍ γer umernu i ilan talγan yisem (addad amaruz) :

–

s ufella, s wadda : Sbedden-t-id s ufella, d akessar i as-d- seknen, nnan- as : ruḥ-d s wadda, ad ak-d-iban d asawen.

G.M. 19 : tikwal beṭṭu gar wawalen ila azal :

– D ayen i teswa i d- yenneγlen . Dayen, teswa i d- yenneγlen .

Alugen 39 :

u d at , nettaru-ten s usekkil ameẓẓyan,iman-nsen, anagar ma isem i iḍefren u, d amur wis sinn yisem :

– Yusef u Qasi, Si Muḥend Umḥend at Ḥmaduc , Uqasi Akli, at Yemmel, at Yanni, atg.

Alugen 40 : deg wurmir ussid, nesmenyif talγiwintiwezzlanin :

–

ffad : yettfad > yettfada ; llaẓ : yettlaẓ > yettlaẓa ; atg.

– ens : yettnus > yettnusu ; enz : yettnuz > yettnuzu ; els :yettlus > yettlusu ; ers : yesrus > yesrusuy > ... ; erẓ : yettruẓ > yettruẓu ; atg.

–

sens : yesnus > yesnusu ; senz : yesnuz > yesnuzu ; sles :yeslus > yeslusuy > yeslusay ; atg.

– sken : yeskan > yeskanay ; sker : yeskar > yeskaray ;

sγer : yesγar > yesγaray ; atg.


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Kra n yidlisen

1. Achab, R. (1979), Langue berbère (kabyle) :Initiation à l’écriture , Paris, Imedyazen.

2. Bouamara, K. d wiyaḍ (2009), Ilugan n tira ntmaziγt , taẓrigt n yimeskaren, Bgayet. [2005,

Talantikit].

3.

Groupe d‘Etudes Berbères (1989), Initiation àl’écriture , 2e édition, Bgayet, Edition Aêar, 1989.

4. Mammeri M. (1990), Tajerrumt n tmaziγt (tantalataqbaylit)[Grammaire berbère (kabyle)] , Alger,Bouchène.

5. Actes de la table ronde internationale« Phonologie et notation usuelle dans le domaineberbère », Inalco, avril 1993, Etudes et DocumentsBerbères , 11, 1994 ; 12, 1995.

6. Chaker, S. (1996, élaboré par), Propositions pour lanotation usuelle à base latine du berbère , synthèse destravaux de l‘atelier « Problèmes en suspens de lanotation usuelle à base latine du berbère » (24 et25 juin 1996), Inalco, Paris.

7. Rabehi, A. (2011), Anagraw n yisem , Timsirin iyexdem i useggas wis sin n turagt n tmaziγt,

Tasdawit n Bgayet.

***************


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Tijenṭaḍ

Tira n yiferdisen n tjerrumt

Tinzaγ

Tanzeγt, d awal n tjerrumt (alγac) ur nettbeddil deg

talγa, tetteg assaγ gar sin n yismawern deg yiwet ntefyirt neγ gar yiwen n yisem d tefyirt-nni ya stimmad-is.

Tanzeγt, deg tmaziγt, tettas-d daymen sdat yisem,tettarra-t d asemmad arusrid, ma γer useγru, dasemmad n yisem, ma γer yisem-nniḍen ur nelli daseγru. Daymi as-qqaren d awura : yettak tawuri iyisem.

Llant tenzaγ i yettbeddilen addad i yisem, ttarrant-tdeg waddad amaruz. Iwakken ad tizmir tenzeγt adtesseḍfer isem deg waddad amaruz, yessefk (i) ad tiliseg tenzaγ i yesseḍfaren isem deg waddad amaruz(acku, llant tiden ur nettbeddil addad i yisem i d-grent), (ii) ad yili yisem i d-tger tenzγt-nni segyismawen i ilan addad (ila addad ilelli, ila addadamaruz). Isem, deg waddad ilelli deffir tenzeγt ma (i)tanzeγt-nni ur seg tiden i yesseḍfaren isem deg

waddad amaruz, (ii) isem i terza taluft ur seg

yismawen i ilan addad. Yella wayen i wimi nezmer ad nsemmi da uddusunzi

γ

: d uddus i yebnan s tenzγt akked yisem neγ dumernu. Tanzeγt-nni, da, tettarra uddus i terza taluft


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ila azal n tenzeγt. Amedya : deg tefyirt Yemmug anect n yilu., anect n, d uddus unziγ, ila azal n tenzeγt.

akked : temmal-dasdukel (tesseḍfar isem deg

waddad amaruz, ma segyismawen i ilan addad).

Yedda akked u ḍ ewwal-is. am : temmal-d aserwes

(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Rẓaget am yilili.

ar : temmal-d tilist(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadilelli). Awi- t ar asif teǧǧeḍ -t.

d : temmal-d asdukel(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Yedda du ḍ ewwal-is. ẓer akked.

d : temmal-d tilawt(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadilelli). Ur d aseḍsu, ur da γ emzu, ur d amzur ikessu.

ddaw : temmal-d adeg(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Tettuseqdacdaγ Nnig ubrid, ddaw ubrid,leqrar-is, d abrid.

deffir : temmal-d adeg(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Yeffer deffir

tewwurt.

deg : temmal-d tallit neγ adeg. Yewwi-d ad yili yiwetn tallit neγ yiwen n wadegkan (tesseḍfar isem deg

waddad amaruz, ma segyismawen i ilan addad). Deglɛid i d -yettas γ er-ne γ ; Degtaddart i iḥemmel ass n tγ imit.

fell : temmal-d adeg.

Tesseḍfar amqim awsil, urtesseḍfar isem. Fell-awenkan i nettkel.

gar : temmal-d adeg(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Ili-k d uccen garwuccanen, d izem gar

yizmawen.

i : temmal-d win i ilan

neγ i terza taluft deg tefyirt(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Ad ninitanemmirt i warrac- nneγ !


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mebla : temmal-d tibawt(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadilelli). Nemsefham meblatameslayt.

mebla : temmal-d tibawt(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadilelli). Argaz, d win i d- iqeṭṭunmebla idrimen.

n : temmal-d ayla(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Izerfan n umdand yizerfan n tmeṭṭut.

nnig : temmal-d adeg(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Nnig ubrid,ddaw ubrid, leqrar-is, d abrid.

s : temmal-d allal(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Mačči s yir awaliferrun medden timsal.

s : temmal-d tanila(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadilelli). Yerza- d uγrib saxxam-is.

sdat : temmal-d adeg

(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). G nen sdattewwurt.

sdaxel : temmal-d adeg(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Sdaxel wanu i

yeffer.

sdeffir [seg tenzaγ : s +deffir] : temmal-d adeg(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Yebna axxamsdeffir uxxam aqdim.

seddaw [seg tenzaγ : s +ddaw] : temmal-d adeg(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Yedduri seddawtzemmurt.

seg : temmal-d akud,

tallit neγ adeg. Yewwi-d adilin sin n wakuden, snat ntalliyin neγ sin yidgan(tessḍfar ismawen deg

waddad amaruz, ma segyismawen i ilan addad). Segtis ṭam armi d tis mraw, netta

yes γ ar arrac. ; Seg unebdu γ erunebdu i d-yettu γ al γ er tmurt. ;Yewt-itt γef uḍar seg Bgayetarmi d Lezzayer.

sennig [seg tenzaγ : s +nnig] : temmal-d adeg(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen i


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ilan addad). U r yezmir yiwenad d-yekk sennig wawal-is.

s

γ

ur : temmal-d tamaneγ tanila (tesseḍfar isemdeg waddad amruz, ma segyismawen i ilan addad).S γ ur watmaten i d-tekka tyita.

uqbel : tettuseqdac i wadeg, i wakud neγ i tallit(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadilelli). Uqbel taddart, ad tafeḍtimɛessit.

yes [seg tenzeγt n wallals + amqim awsil] : temmal-d allal. Tesseḍfar amqimawsil, ur tesseḍfar isem.Yes-wen kan ara nim γ ur.

yid [seg tenzeγt nusdukel d + amqim awsil] :

temmal-d asdukel. Tesseḍfar amqim awsil, urtesseḍfar isem. Yid-wen kani nettemsefham.

γef : temmal-d adeg(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Yefka tazmert-is

γef warraw -is.γer : temmal-d tanila

(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Yunag γer tmuran medden.

γur : temmal-d ayla(tesseḍfar isem deg waddadamaruz, ma seg yismawen iilan addad). Tidet, attan γurmedden.


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Kra n tesγunin / n yisuraz

acku : ẓer axaṭer.

akken : ẓer iwakken.

amer : temmal-d tawtilt. Amer yebγa d netta ara yeddun.

ammar : temmal-dtuggdi. S ameγ bun urnettenneḍ ammar ad aγ -d-

yessiwel.

amzun : temmal-daserwes. Tettecrurd amzun dtasekkurt.

ard : temmal-d akud. Tesseḍfar amyag deg wurmir neγ urmir ussid.

Anef- as ard yekfu, temleḍ -asanida i yecceḍ.

aredmani : temmal-damseḍfer neγ amyizwer nsnat n tigawin. Ad yečč,aredmani ad yessired tu γ mas-is.

armi

: tettuseqdac i wakud. Tettarra iwsilen numyag i tt-id-iḍefren γersdat. Armi d- yewweḍ i t -wala γ .

arma

: tettuseqdac wadeg neγ i wakud. Tettarra iwsilen n umyag itt-id-iḍefren γer deffir.

Arma yewweḍ -d aranemsefham.

asmi [seg ass + mi ] :temmal-d akud Nemyussanasmi i d- yusa γer tmurt.

axa

ṭ

er : temmal-d

timentilt. Ğǧan tamurt axaṭ erulac lxedma.

belli : tasγunt war azal. Iban d netta. ; Iban belli dnetta. Ẓer dakken.

dacu (dacu kan) : T elhatmeslayt dacu telha daγtsusmi” [ # d acu : D acu itebγiḍ γur -i ? ]

dakken : tasγunt warazal. Medden akk ttwalindakken yif yiḍelli assa, ad yifwassa azkka. [ # d akken : D anect-nni ]

degmi [seg deg + mi ] :temmal-d timentilt. D nekki t-id-inecden, degmi i d-yusa.

dγa : temmal-d amseḍfern snat n tigawin. Mi tekfa

tmeγra yefra wurar dγa yeggra -d

iman-is.

ideg [seg umassaγ i +deg ] : amassaγ, yemmal-d


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adeg neγ tallit. Tamurt idegttidireγ , tif timura.

ihi : temmal-d tiseggrayneγ taggrayt. Ini-yas ihi maad d-yas.

imi : temmal-d akud. Imi i t-wala γ i d-mmekta γ .

imi : temmal-d tawtilt Neb γa ad teqqimeḍ, imit γesbeḍ, ruḥ.

iseg [seg umassaγ i +seg ] : amassaγ, yemmal-daseg. Tawacult iseg d-tefruri,tettwas sen aṭas.

iwakken : temmal-d iswi.Yekka-d akk timura iwakkenad yissin idelsan n ddunit. [ # i

wakken : I tmecreḍt i d -u ɣeγ izimer- nni, mačči i wayen - nniḍen = I wakken i t -id-u γ e γ ,mačči i wayen - nniḍen. ]

iγef [seg umassaγ i +γ

ef ] : amassaγ, yemmal-dadeg neγ tamentilt. Taluftiγef cewḍeγ, ad teglu yes -i.

iγer [seg umassaγ i +γ

er ] : amassaγ, yemmal-d

tanila. Tamdint iγer tettruḥuḍ,tebɛed aṭas.

la … la … : temmal-dtibawt. Tettas-d daymensdat yisemawen i ilan yiwet

n twuri. Ur ḥwajeγ la idrimenla cciɛa.

lemmer : temmal-dtawtilt. Kul wa yeqqar :« Lemmer imdanen akk amnekk tili tgerrez. »

lukan : ẓer lemmer.

ma : temmal-d tawtilt. Ma yuki-d, ad inadi fell-ak.

meɛna

: temmal-dtanmegla. Tebγa meɛna urtezmir ara. Ẓer maca.

maca : temmal-dtanmegla. Tebγa maca urtezmir ara.

mi : temmal-d akud. Mii fki γ afus deg gma, i ẓriγ ad d- tḥaz nnuba.

mulac : temmal-dtiseggray. Efk-as amur-ismulac ad terfu. [ # ma ulac :

Ma ulac irden, aγ -d timẓin. ]

ne

γ : temmal-d afran. Ad tedduḍ neγ ad teqqimeḍ ?

niqal : temmal-dtanmegla. Niqal yeqbel, yu γ al

yendem.γas : temmal-d

tanmegla. Γ as a ḍ ar yewwe ḍ a ẓekka, asirem, ur yeǧǧi allaγ - iw.


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segmi [seg seg + mi ] :temmal-d akud. Segmi i

yunag, ur d-yu γ al.

segmi : temmal-d akud.Segmi d-kecmen ur ssusmen.

skud [seg s + akud ] :temmal-d akud. Faṛes

temẓi -k skud ur k-tfut. tili : temmal-d tawtilt.

Ur yeẓri ara, tili yuγal - d ad aγ - yalel.

ulamma : ẓer γas.

uqbel : temmal-d akud. Yeffeγ uqbel ad d -tefrari tafat.

wamma : temmal-dtanmegla. Yettu kan, wammanni γ -as.

wannag : ẓer wamma.

ziγ

: ẓer ziγen.

ziγen

: temmal-d asidetn wayen ur nγil. Nekkttamneγ - t ziγen netta,

yeskiddib.

Kra n yimattaren

acḥal : yemmal-d akta. Acḥal i yesɛa deg teγzi ?

acimi : yemmal-dtamentilt. Acimi i tugiḍ ?

acuγef [seg acu + γef ] :yemmal-d timentilt. Acuγef itettemnamareḍ d wid i k-yifendeg tmusni ?

acuγer [seg acu + γer ] :yemmal-d timentilt. Acuγerakka ?

amek : yemmal-d tilawt. Amek i ttilin at tmurt ?

anda : yemmal-d adeg. An da ara tedduḍ ?

ansa : yemmal-d sin nyidgan, adeg amezwaru d

wadeg aneggaru. Ansa i d- yekka waya ?

anect : yemmal-d akta. Anect ara yili deg teγzi urgaz - nni ?

ayen1 : ẓer acuγer. Ayenakka i yedda yid-sen ?

ayen2 : D ayen tebγa ara s - awiγ [ # dayen : Dayen,

y eqqers ṭṭbel, yefra wurar.

]

ayγer : ẓer acuγer. Ayγeri tettagim aberrani ad d-ikcem ?


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iwumi : ẓer acuγer. Iwimitugiḍ ad tedduḍ ? [ # i wimi :i menhu, wanwa. I wimi itessawleḍ sgelli ? ]

melmi : yemmal-d akud. Melmi ara yali wass γefYimaziγen ?

ani : yemmal-d adeg. Sani i tettedum akka ?

ukud : yemmal-damdakel. Ukud i te γγareḍ ?

uγur : yemmal-d win iilan kra. U γur i llant tsura ?


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Kra n yimqimen

Imqimen udmawanen ilelliyen

Amḍan

Asuf Asget

Tawsit

Udem

Amalay Unti Amalay Unti

1 Nekk Nekni Nkenti

2 Kečč Kemm Kunwi Nunemti

3 Netta Nettat Nutni Nutenti

Imqimen iwsilen n yisem

Imqimen iwsilen n wayla

Imqimen n yismawen n timmarewt

Amḍan

Asuf Asget

Tawsit

Udem


1 baba- Ø/ baba- inu baba -tneγ baba -tenteγ 2 baba -k baba -m baba -twen baba -twent 3 baba -s baba -tsen baba -tsent

Imqimen n yismawen imagnuyen

Amḍan

Asuf Asget

Tawsit

Udem


1 akal -inu / akal -iw akal -nneγ akal -nnteγ 2 akal -inek /

akal -ik akal -inem /akal -im

akal -nwen akal -nwent

3 akal -ines / akal -is akal -nsen akal -nsent


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Imqimen n yismawen n umḍan

Amḍan

Asuf Asget

Tawsit

Udem


1 sin -inu / sin -iw sin -nneγ sin –nnteγ 2 sin -inek / sin

-ik sin -inem /sin -im

sin -nwen sin -nwent

3 sin -ines / sin -is sin -nsen sin –nsent

Imqimen iwsilen n umyag

Amqim awsil asemmad usrid

Mi ara yili deffir umyag

Amḍan

Asuf Asget

Tawsit

Udem


1 yezla- yi / yeddem -iyi yezla -yaγ / yeddem- aγ

2 yezla- k yeddem- ik

yezla- kem yeddem- ikem

yezla- ken yeddem- iken

yezla- kent yeddem- ikent

3 yezla -t yeddem- it

yezla- tt yeddem- itt

yezla -ten yeddem- iten

yezla- tent yeddem- itent

Mi ara yili sdat umyag

Amḍan

Asuf Asget

Tawsit

Udem


1 ad yi- yezlu / ad yi- yeddem ad aγ- yezlu / ad aγ- yeddem 2 ad k- yezlu

ad k- yeddem ad kem- yezluad kem- yeddem

ad ken- yezluad ken- yeddem

ad kent- yezluad kent- yeddem

3 ad t- yezluad t- yeddem

ad tt- yezluad tt- yeddem

ad ten- yezluad ten- yeddem

ad tent- yezluad tent- yeddem


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Amqim awsil asemmad arusrid

Mi ara yili deffir umyag

Amḍan

Asuf Asget

Tawsit

Udem


1 yura- yi / yeddem- iyi yura- yaγ

yeddem- aγ 2 ura- yak

eddem- ak yura- yam yeddem- am

ura- yaweneddem- awen

yura- yawent yeddem- awent

3 yura- yas / yeddem- as ura- yaseneddem- asen

yura- yasent yeddem- asent

Mi ara yili sdat umyag

Amḍan

Asuf Asget

Tawsit

Udem


1 ad yi- yaru / ad yi- yeddem ad aγ- yaru / ad aγ- yeddem 2 ad ak- yaru

ad ak- yeddemad am- yaruad am- yeddem

ad awen- yaruad awen- yeddem

ad awent- yaruad awent- yeddem

3 ad as- yaru / ad as- yeddem ad asen- yaruad asen- yeddem

ad asent- yaruad asent- yeddem

Imqimen imeskanen

30

Ameskan n tiẓin

Amalay Unti Arawsan Asuf wa ta

aya

Asget wi ti Arawsan

30 Seg RABEHI, A. (2011), Anagraw n yisem , Timsirin i yexdem iyinelmaden n useggas wis sin n turagt n tmaziγt, Tasdawit n Bgayet.


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Ameskan n waggug

Amalay Unti Asuf wihin tihin Asget widakihin tidakihin

Ameskan n ubdar

Amalay Unti Arawsan Asuf win tin

ayen

Asget wid tid Arawsan

Ameskan n tiḍent

Amalay Unti Arawsan Asuf wayeḍ , win-

nniḍen

tayeḍ , tin-nniḍen

ayen-nniḍen Asget wiyaḍ , wid-

nniḍen

tiyaḍ , tid-nniḍen

Arawsan

Amqim amattar

31

Amalay Unti Arawsan Asuf anwa anta

wi

Asget anwi anti Arawsan



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Amqim amassa

γ

i : amassaγ, yemmal-dayen i yerzan asentel. D wini tḥeqreḍ ara k-yernun.

ay : ẓer i.

Ata wayen i yura Rabehi (2011 : 14) γef umassaγ degtemsirin n unagraw n yisem : « Amqim amassaγ,ssawalen-as daγen tasalelt n tmuli (s tefransist

‗‗support de détermination‘‘). Yebded γef umeskanayen, iseg d-yekka : ayen > ay > a > i. Deg yiwet ntantala am teqbaylit, nezmer ad naf snat talγiwin i neγ ay . Deg tcawit neγ d Waṭlas anemmas (Lmerruk),nezmer ad naf a.

Wi yuγen tamurt ? D ilfan i ( ay ) t- yuγen. Ay t- yuγen dilfan.

Yezmer umqim amassaγ ad yeddukel akked tenzeγt,

ad as-yesmeskel tawuri-s i tenzeγt-nni, ad tuγal damassaγ.

Terγa taddart ideg luleγ. Ayen iγer d - usiγ, ad t - awiγ.D aclim d ukerfa is d-kkren.

Tikwal i yettili snat tikal deg yiwet twuri : … i s i gemmen yirgazen. …Ideg i ẓẓan iswi. »

Amqim arbadu

32

win n umdan : yiwen neγ ḥedd.

win n uγersiw neγ n tγawsa : kra, acemma, ara.



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Kra n yimerna

akken1 : yemmal-d akud. Akken kan i d-yebda ameslay,ssusmen akk.

abrid : yemmal-d akud.D dwa-nni ttessen-tt abrid degwass.

akkin : yemmal-d adeg(aggug). Izger akkin i udrar.

akk

: yemmal-d akta. Mlalen-d akk warrac degtmecre ḍ t-nni.

akka : yemmal-d amek. Akka i d win i yefkan rray irray-is !

akken2 : yemmal-d akta.

Ččan akken deg yiwet n terbut. akken3 : yemmal-d

amek. Mačči akken i ak-nni γ ad txedme ḍ , akka.

akter : yemmal-d akta. Dnetta i yewwin akter.

ass-a (ass ideg nella) :yemmal-d akud. Ass-a, damenzu n tefsut. [# assa :tallit tamirant ideg nedder. Tamazi γ t, γγ aren-tt meddenassa deg yi γ erbazen. ]

azekka : yemmal-d akud. Azekka ad yali wass, acemmaur yelli.

seldazekka : yemmal-dakud. T afaska-nni n tmedyaztad tebdu seldazekka.

i

ḍ

elli : yemmal-d akud. I ḍelli uγalen yinelmaden saγebaz.

sendi

ḍ

elli : yemmal-dakud. Tabrat i as- uzneγsendi ḍ elli, ye ṭṭ ef-itt.

aseggas-a : yemmal-dakud. Aseggas-a qessi ḥettegrest.

ilindi : yemmal-d akud. Ilindi yerwa tiγimit deg uxxam.

sendilindi : yemmal-dakud. Yekfa taγuri sendilindi.

imir : yemmal-d akud. M azal-it deg tesdawit imir-nni.

yal ass (yal yiwen n wass) : yemmal-d akud. Yettuseqdac d umyag iyeftin γer wurmir s tzelγaad . Yal ass ad yemce ḥ snat nt γenǧawin n tamemt. [#yallas : akken i xelqen

wassan deg ddunit.


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Yettuseqdac d umyag iyeftin γer wurmir ussid, i d-yemmalen tannumi. Yallas

yettraju talwit. ]

dima : yemmal-d akud. Dima yettili umenγi degtaddart-nsen.

a

ṭ

as : yemmal-d akta. Γ as ur yettmeslay ara a ṭ as,mačči d asusam.

bezzaf : yemmal-d akta. Bezzaf ay turǧa !

ci

ṭ

u

ḥ : yemmal-d akta. Ci ṭ u ḥ i telwi ḥt, ci ṭ u ḥ i terwi ḥt.

cewya : yemmal-d akta. Yettmeslay-as cewya, ifehhema ṭ as.

cwi

ṭ : yemmal-d akta. Cwi ṭ cwi ṭ ad d-iban ubrid.

da : yemmal-d adeg. K eččqqim da, nekk ad nadiγ anida - nni ḍ en.

Dasawen [seg d (tanzeγti d-yemmalen tilawt) +asawen ] : yemmal-d akud. Sya dasawen yal yiwen yawiabrid-is. [ # d asawen : Yerra-

iyi lu ḍ a d asawen. ]

ddeqs : yemmal-d akta. Ddeqes i d-yeqqimen iwakkenad ibeddel useggas.

din : yemmal-d adeg. Nekk ff γeγ -d, netta yeqqimdin.

drus : yemmal-d akta. Drus i d-yeqqimen iwakken adtekcem tefsut.

kamel : yemmal-d akta.

Ad traju ḍ ass kamel iwakkenad ak-d-i ṣ i ḥ umkan.

kan : yemmal-d akta. Urt- γunzaγ ara, biγiγ kan ad

yefriwes.

ma

ḍ

i : yemmal-d akta. Amennuγ γef tutlayt - nneγ ttun - t ma ḍ i.

mli

ḥ : yemmal-d akta. Yugar-it mli ḥ deg tehri.

nezzeh : yemmal-d akta.Yettaggad asemmi ḍ nezzeh.

qabel : yemmal-d akud. Tafaska tis snat ad tili qabeldeg wayyur n meγres.

sya : yemmal-d tanila. Abrid γer Bgayet , sya.

syin : yemmal-d tanila. Abrid γer tubiret syin.

taggara : yemmal-dakud. Ayen akk i yecna γ eftmurt-is, taggara yemmut daγrib.


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tameddit : yemmal-dakud. Timlilit, tameddit degtesdawit.

tazwara : yemmal-dakud. Tazwra yemmeslay-d steqbaylit, yekfa-tt s tefransist.

ticekki : yemmal-d akud.

Ticekki ad d-temlil tasa d wiay turew.

tikelt : yemmal-d akta. Nettemlil tikkelt deg useggas.

tikwal : yemmal-d akud. Yettas-d tikwal γ ur-ne γ .

tura : yemmal-d akud. Tura iban ubrid ara naγ.

wabel : yemmal-d akud. Ma ur d-yusi ara qabel, ad d- yas wabel.

zik : yemmal-d akud. Zik, argaz, yettwaqqan deg

yiles.

sgelli (lweqt-nni i yezrin

cewya) : yemmal-d akud. S gelli yekkat udfel, tura yuγal - d yi ṭ ij. [ # seg llina (segtiremt-nni ar tura) :yemmal-d akud. Seg llina ur

yessusem. ]

ahat : yemmal-d turda. Ahat wwḍen γer tesdawit tura.

Kra n tzel

γ

iwin

n : yemmal-d tanila ntigawt i yettruḥun seg taman win i yettmeslayen γertama n win i wimiyettmeslay. Yusa-n (yusaγer din). Ad n-ase γ (ad aseγ γer din).

d : yemmal-d tanila ntigawt i yettruḥun seg tama

n win i wimi yettmeslay γertama n win i yettmeslayen.Yusa-d (yusa γ er da). Ad d- ase γ (ad aseγ γer da).

ad : yesseḍfar afeggag numyag deg wurmir neγ deg

wurmir ussid, qqaren-astazelγa n wurmir. Yettarra-d iwsilen n umyag γer sdat.

Awal-nni i a γ -iqer ḥen, yennejma ɛ deg wulawen, ass-aad asen-t-id-nini. (MatoubLounes).

la : yessḍfar afeggag numyag deg wurmir ussidkan, qqaren-as tazelγa n

wurmir ussid. Ǧǧ i γ -t la


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yettxemmim γ ef temsal i t- ice γ ben.

ur : yemmal-d tibawt. Yesseḍfar aseγru, d anisemneγ d anemyag. Γef waya,tazelγa n tibawt, d tazelγa ntefyirt, terza taseddas ntefyirt, ur terzi talγa numyag.

– Aseγru, d anemyag :afeggag n umyag, deg yizriibaw neγ deg wurmir ussid.

Yettarra-d iwsilen n umyagi yesseḍfer γe