Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    1/305

    Faiqfa my

    J`u`gi}d B`w`i `ka O`kfug`k _iok`}`l`

    @ Ldikq Svmnie`qidk dh qgf @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq M`kb`ka qgf @AM Ikuqiqvqf wiqg Faw`}a Fno`} Svmniugiko

    FF

    @UI@U H]FF Q]@AF@O]FFJFKQU

    @UI@U H]FF Q]@AF@O]FFJFKQU

    GD_ IU MVUIKFUU ]FUSDKAIKO4

    @ui`kKddanfMdwn

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    2/305

    NIUQ DH SVMNIE@QIDKU

    @nud my J`u`gi}d B`w`i

    @ui`k ]foidk`niuj ik qgf _d}na Fedkdjy< Fkoikf d} Ayk`jiuj `ka

    Uq`miniqy 'ed*faiqfa wiqg L+_+ Nff `ka S+ Sfq}i)

    @ui`u Edkq}imvqidk qd Ondm`n Fedkdjie Afxfndsjfkq `ka Uq`miniqy

    'ed*faiqfa wiqg U+ Uqdkf)

    Sdniey Edgf}fkef qdw`}au F`uq @ui`< Afxfndsjfkq Eg`nnfkofu d}

    DFEA Edvkq}ifu 'ed*faiqfa wiqg B+ Hvb`u`bv. J+O+ Snvjjf} `ka

    @+ Q}|fei`b*Avx n)

    Hik`kei`n Afxfndsjfkq `ka Ikqfo}`qidk ik F`uq @ui` 'ed*faiqfa wiqg

    E+Y+ @gk. Q+ Iqd. `ka Y+E+ S`}b)

    Hik`kei`n Ikqf}afsfkafkef `ka Feg`kof ]`qf ]foijfu ik F`uq @ui`

    'faiqfa)

    Feg`kof ]`qf ]foijfu ik F`uq @ui` 'ed*faiqfa wiqg O+ af M}dvwf})

    Qgf Kfw _d}na Hiue`n D}af} 'ed*faiqfa wiqg E+F+ Uqfvf}nf)

    @nud my O`kfug`k _iok`}`l`

    S`k*@ui`k Ikqfo}`qidk< Nikbiko F`uq `ka Udvqg @ui` 'ed*faiqfa wiqg

    L+ H}`kediu `ka S+ ]`k`)

    K`qidk`n Uq}`qfoifu d} ]foidk`n Fedkdjie Ikqfo}`qidk< Udvqg `ka F`uq

    @ui`k E`uf Uqvaifu 'ed*faiqfa wiqg L+ H}`kediu `ka S+ ]`k`)Edjsfqiqixfkfuu Uq}`qfoifu ik Afxfndsiko Edvkq}ifu 'faiqfa)

    Uj`nn Uq`qfu ik Q}`kuiqidk< H}dj Xvnkf}`miniqy qd Edjsfqiqixfkfuu 'wiqg

    J+ Nf|`j` `ka A+ Ldikf})

    J`v}iqivu< Ayk`jiuiko Fsd}q Edjsfqiqixfkfuu 'wiqg U+ N`nn)

    Qfegkdndoy `ka Fkqf}s}iuf Afxfndsjfkq< Og`k` Vkaf} Uq}veqv}`n

    @alvuqjfkq 'wiqg U+ N`nn. O+M+ K`x`}fqqi `ka U+ Qfiqfn)

    Q}`af Nimf}`ni|`qidk ik U}i N`kb`< Fsd}qu. Qfegkdndoy `ka Ikavuq}i`n

    Sdniey

    Qgf Sduqw`} Fxdnvqidk d Afxfndsjfkq Qgikbiko'wiqg E+ Dj`k)

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    3/305

    @ui`u H}ff Q}`af@o}ffjfkquGdw iu Mvuikfuu ]fusdkaiko4

    Faiqfa my

    J`u`gi}d B`w`i

    Af`k `ka EFD. @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq M`kb Ikuqiqvqf. L`s`k

    O`kfug`k _iok`}`l`S}ikeis`n Fedkdjiuq. Dh ef d ]foidk`n Fedkdjie Ikqfo}`qidk.@ui`k Afxfndsjfkq M`kb. Sginissikfu

    @ LDIKQ SVMNIE@QIDK DH QGF @UI@K AFXFNDSJFKQ M@KB

    @KA @AM IKUQIQVQF _IQG FA_@]A FNO@] SVMNIUGIKO

    Faw`}a Fno`}Egfnqfkg`j. VB Kd}qg`jsqdk. J@. VU@

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    4/305

    @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq M`kb `ka @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq M`kb Ikuqiqvqf =300

    @nn }iogqu }fuf}xfa+ Kd s`}q d qgiu svmnie`qidk j`y mf }fs}davefa. uqd}fa ik `

    }fq}ifx`n uyuqfj d} q}`kujiqqfa ik `ky d}j d} my `ky jf`ku. fnfeq}dkie.jfeg`kie`n d} sgdqdedsyiko. }fed}aiko. d} dqgf}wiuf wiqgdvq qgf s}id}sf}jiuuidk d qgf svmniugf}+

    Svmniugfa myFaw`}a Fno`} Svmniugiko NijiqfaQgf Nysi`qqu06 N`kuadwk ]d`aEgfnqfkg`jOndu ON63 =L@VB

    Faw`}a Fno`} Svmniugiko. Ike+_inni`j S}`qq Gdvuf9 Afwfy Edv}qKd}qg`jsqdkJ`uu`egvufqqu 30383VU@

    @ e`q`ndovf }fed}a d} qgiu mddb

    iu `x`in`mnf }dj qgf M}iqiug Nim}`}y

    Nim}`}y d Edko}fuu Edkq}dn Kvjmf}< =3039=9310

    IUMK 9?7 0 71973 578 0

    Qysfufq my Uf}xiu Hinjufqqiko Nqa. Uqdebsd}q. Egfugi}fS}ikqfa `ka mdvka my JSO Mddbu O}dvs. VB

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    5/305

    x

    Edkqfkqu

    Niuq d edkq}imvqd}u xii

    Hd}fwd}a my G`}vgibd Bv}da` i

    S}f`ef i

    Niuq d `mm}fxi`qidku iii

    S@]Q I DXF]XIF_

    0 Ikq}daveqidk 5

    J`u`gi}d B`w`i `ka O`kfug`k _iok`}`l`

    = J`ik hkaikou `ka sdniey ijsnie`qidku 55

    J`u`gi}d B`w`i `ka O`kfug`k _iok`}`l`

    S@]Q II KD]QGF@UQ @UI@

    5 L`s`k ??

    A`iuvbf Gi}`quvb`. Ibvjd Iudkd `ka Giqdugi U`qd

    1 Sfdsnfu ]fsvmnie d Egik` 038

    \g`ko Yvkniko

    6 ]fsvmnie d Bd}f` 053

    Ikbyd Egfdko `ka Lvko}`k Egd

    S@]Q III @UF@K FEDKDJIFU

    8 Uiko`sd}f 069

    Egi` Uidw Yvf

    ? Qg`in`ka 099O`kfug`k _iok`}`l`. ]dufegik Dnkad. _iu`}k Svssg`xfu`.

    Li}`w`q S`ksifj}`u `ka Uvjfq Dkobiqqibvn

    7 Sginissikfu ==?

    O`kfug`k _iok`}`l`. Ad}dqgf` N`|`}d `ka

    Ofkfxifxf Af Ov|j`k

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    6/305

    xi Edkqfkqu

    S@]Q IX EDKENVUIDK

    9 Edkenvuidk =80

    J`u`gi}d B`w`i `ka O`kfug`k _iok`}`l`

    ]ff}fkefu =?3

    Ikaf =75

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    7/305

    xii

    Edkq}imvqd}u

    Ikbyd Egfdko iu Ai}feqd} d Lvkouvb ]fuf`}eg Ikuqiqvqf. Ikg` Vkixf}uiqy.

    `ka S}dfuud} d Fedkdjieu `q Ikg` Vkixf}uiqy. Ikegfdk. Bd}f`+

    Egi` Uidw Yvf iu Ufkid} ]fuf`}eg Hfnndw `q qgf Uiko`sd}f Ikuqiqvqf d

    Ikqf}k`qidk`n @`i}u+

    Lvko}`k Egd iu ]fuf`}eg Hfnndw `q Lvkouvb ]fuf`}eg Ikuqiqvqf. Ikg`

    Vkixf}uiqy. Ikegfdk. Bd}f`+

    Ofkfxifxf Af Ov|j`k w`u ` Edkuvnq`kq `q qgf @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq M`kb.

    J`kin`+

    A`iuvbf Gi}`quvb` iu Ai}feqd}*Ofkf}`n d qgf ]fuf`}eg Sn`kkiko

    Afs`}qjfkq. Ikuqiqvqf d Afxfndsiko Fedkdjifu*L`s`k Fqf}k`n Q}`af

    D}o`ki|`qidk 'IAF*LFQ]D) `ka Ai}feqd} d qgf F]I@ Uvssd}q D ef.

    LFQ]D. Qdbyd+

    Ibvjd Iudkd iu ]fuf`}eg Hfnndw q qgf M`kobdb ]fuf`}eg Efkqf}. Ikuqiqvqf

    d Afxfndsiko Fedkdjifu*L`s`k Fqf}k`n Q}`af D}o`ki|`qidk 'IAF*

    LFQ]D). Qdbyd+

    J`u`gi}d B`w`i iu Af`k `ka EFD d qgf @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq M`kbIkuqiqvqf. Qdbyd+

    Ad}dqgf` N`|`}d iu S}do}`j Edd}aik`qd} `q qgf @UF@K@vuq}`ni`Kfw

    \f`n`ka HQ@ Uvssd}q Vkiq. @UF@K Ufe}fq`}i`q. L`b`}q`+

    ]dufegik Dnhkad w`u ` Edkuvnq`kq `q qgf @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq M`kb.

    J`kin`+

    Uvjfq Dkobiqqibvn iu ]fuf`}eg Usfei`niuq `q qgf Qg`in`ka Afxfndsjfkq

    ]fuf`}eg Ikuqiqvqf 'QA]I). M`kobdb+Li}`w`q S`ksifj}`u iu ]fuf`}eg Usfei`niuq `q qgf Qg`in`ka Afxfndsjfkq

    ]fuf`}eg Ikuqiqvqf 'QA]I). M`kobdb+

    _iu`}k Svssg`xfu` iu @axiud} `q qgf Qg`in`ka Afxfndsjfkq ]fuf`}eg

    Ikuqiqvqf 'QA]I). M`kobdb+

    Giqdugi U`qd iu ]fuf`}eg Hfnndw `q qgf Afxfndsjfkq Uqvaifu Efkqf}.

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    8/305

    xiii Edkq}imvqd}u

    Ikuqiqvqf d Afxfndsiko Fedkdjifu*L`s`k Fqf}k`n Q}`af D}o`ki|`qidk

    'IAF*LFQ]D). Qdbyd+

    O`kfug`k _iok`}`l` iu S}ikeis`n Fedkdjiuq `q qgf D ef d ]foidk`n

    Fedkdjie Ikqfo}`qidk. @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq M`kb. J`kin`+

    \g`ko Yvkniko iu S}dfuud} `ka Ai}feqd} d qgf Ikuqiqvqf d @ui`*S`eihe

    Uqvaifu. Egikfuf @e`afjy d Udei`n Ueifkef 'E@UU). Mfiliko Vkixf}uiqy+

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    9/305

    i

    Hd}fwd}a

    @ui`u fedkdjie ijsd}q`kef ik qgf wd}na fedkdjy g`u mffk ug`sfa my

    }`sia ondm`ni|`qidk `ndkouiaf s}do}fuuixf }foidk`ni|`qidk+ Qgf }foidk w`u

    q}`kud}jfa }dj `k vkaf}afxfndsfa m`ebw`qf} ikqd ` ondm`n `eqd}y

    qg}dvog uq}veqv}`n }fd}ju `ka nimf}`ni|`qidk `ka 63 yf`}u d dvqw`}a*

    d}ifkqfa afxfndsjfkq uq}`qfoifu. ik}`uq}veqv}f ikxfuqjfkq `ka vso}`aiko

    d gvj`k e`siq`n+ Dxf} qijf. `eqd}y @ui` afxfndsfa affsf} }foidk`n

    }ddqu `u s}daveqidk kfqwd}bu `ka uvssny eg`iku ike}f`uikony edkkfeqfa

    x`}idvu fedkdjifu ik aif}fkq uq`ofu d afxfndsjfkq+ Qgf }`sia fs`kuidk

    d @ui`k q}`af `ka ikxfuqjfkq m}ify uq`nnfa av}iko qgf ondm`n hk`kei`n

    e}iuiu d =33739 mvq iu fsfeqfa qd sieb vs ik qgf kfq fw yf`}u+ @jiauq

    undw s}do}fuu ik qgf _d}na Q}`af D}o`ki|`qidk '_QD) Adg` q}`af q`nbu.

    s}dqfeqidkiuj }fj`iku ` }iub qd @ui`u q}`af s}dusfequ+

    Uikef qgf jinnfkkivj. }ff q}`af `o}ffjfkqu 'HQ@u) `}f ike}f`uikony

    mfiko vufa qd sv}uvf q}`af `ka ikxfuqjfkq nimf}`ni|`qidk ik @ui`+ F`uq @ui`

    g`u fjf}ofa `q qgf d}f}dkq d @ui`u HQ@ us}f`a wiqg 1? HQ@u ik ffeq

    `u d Lvkf =303 `ka `kdqgf} 93 d} ud ik x`}idvu uq`ofu d s}fs`}`qidk+ Qgf

    }`sia us}f`a d HQ@u uikef =333 g`u us`}bfa edkef}ku `mdvq qgf @ui`k

    kddanf mdwn ffeq d jvnqisnf. dxf}n`ssiko `o}ffjfkqu s`}qievn`}ny dk

    uj`nn ka jfaivj*ui|fa fkqf}s}iufu 'UJFu)+ Ik }fusdkuf qd uveg edkef}ku.J`u`gi}d B`w`i. Af`k d qgf @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq M`kb Ikuqiqvqf '@AMI).

    `ka O`kfug`k _iok`}`l`. S}ikeis`n Fedkdjiuq q qgf @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq

    M`kbu D ef d ]foidk`n Fedkdjie Ikqfo}`qidk. usf`}gf`afa qgiu uqvay

    dk qgf mvuikfuu ijs`eq d @ui`k HQ@u my vuiko fkqf}s}iuf uv}xfyu ik

    ufxf}`n F`uq @ui`k fedkdjifu+ Qgiu uqvay. qgf h}uq d iqu bika qd ugfa niogq

    dk qgf HQ@ afm`qf. ugdwu qg`q edkef}ku `mdvq qgf @ui`k HQ@ kddanf

    mdwn ffeq j`y mf dxf}uq`qfa ka UJFu g`xf kdq mffk vkavny feqfa. q

    nf`uq ik qgiu sdikq ik qijf+ Mvq `u qgf kvjmf} d HQ@u o}dwu `ka mvuikfuu

    ike}f`uikony vufu HQ@ s}ff}fkefu. wf j`y fsfeq jd}f edkef}ku `mdvqqgf @ui`k kddanf mdwn qd `}iuf ik qgf vqv}f+

    Qgf }foidk kffau qd qgikb `mdvq `ss}ds}i`qf jf`uv}fu qd dxf}edjf qgf

    @ui`k HQ@ kddanf mdwn ik qgf vqv}f+ Qgf uqvay uvoofuqu ufxf}`n s}`eqie`n

    jf`uv}fu. ikenvaiko fkedv}`oiko }`qidk`ni|`qidk `ka fiminiqy d }vnfu d

    d}ioik. vso}`aiko d}ioik ajikiuq}`qidk. ijs}dxiko mvuikfuu s`}qieis`qidk

    ik HQ@ edkuvnq`qidku. `ka uq}fkoqgfkiko ikuqiqvqidk`n uvssd}q uyuqfju

    d} UJFu+ Qgf uqvay `nud uvoofuqu qwd `aaiqidk`n s}dsdu`nu qd jiqio`qf

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    10/305

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    11/305

    i

    S}f`ef

    Qgiu uqvay w`u jdqix`qfa my qgf }`sia us}f`a d }ff q}`af `o}ffjfkqu

    'HQ@u) ik @ui` dxf} qgf n`uq afe`af `ka qgf dk*odiko afm`qf dk mvuikfuu

    ijs`equ d qgf @ui`k HQ@ kddanf mdwn+ @ af`}qg d fjsi}ie`n fxiafkef

    }dj fkqf}s}iufu g`u g`jsf}fa }fudnvqidk d qgf afm`qf `ka qgf afxfnds*

    jfkq d s}`oj`qie sdniey jf`uv}fu `q }foidk`n `ka k`qidk`n nfxfn+ Qgf

    `x`in`miniqy d edjs}fgfkuixf fxiafkef }dj qgiu n`}of jvnqi*edvkq}y.

    jvnqi*fkqf}s}iuf uqvay df}u kfw ikuiogqu dk qgf mfg`xidv} d h}ju vkaf}

    HQ@u `ka w`yu d}w`}a qd jiqio`qf qgf @ui`k kddanf mdwn+

    Qgf uqvay iu qgf dvqedjf d s`}qkf}ugis mfqwffk qwd j`ld} bkdwnfaof

    fkqiqifu ik qgf @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq M`kb `jiny qgf @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq

    M`kbu D ef d ]foidk`n Fedkdjie Ikqfo}`qidk 'D]FI) `ka qgf @ui`k

    Afxfndsjfkq M`kb Ikuqiqvqf '@AMI)+ Udjf d @ui`u mfuq ikuqiqvqidku

    `ka uegdn`}u wf}f ikxdnxfa ik qgf s`ikuq`biko q`ub d ednnfeqiko `ka `k`*

    nyuiko qgf h}j*nfxfn ikd}j`qidk+ _f dwf usfei`n qg`kbu qd dv} ufkid}

    edvkq}y ednn`md}`qd}u Egi` Uidw Yvf d qgf Uiko`sd}f Ikuqiqvqf d

    Ikqf}k`qidk`n @`i}u. Ikbyd Egfdko d Bd}f`u Ikg` Vkixf}uiqy. A`iuvbf

    Gi}`quvb` d qgf Ikuqiqvqf d Afxfndsiko Fedkdjifu. L`s`k Fqf}k`n

    Q}`af D}o`ki|`qidk. _iu`}k Svssg`xfu` d qgf Qg`in`ka Afxfndsjfkq

    ]fuf`}eg Ikuqiqvqf. `ka \g`ko Yvkniko d qgf Egikfuf @e`afjy d Udei`nUeifkefu d} `nn qgfi} g`}a wd}b+

    Qgf}f `}f j`ky afmqu qd `ebkdwnfaof ik ` xfkqv}f uveg `u qgiu uqvay+

    Qgf uqvay wdvna kdq g`xf mffk sduuimnf wiqgdvq qgf uvssd}q d qgf

    mvuikfuu edjjvkiqy ik qgf ui edvkq}ifu qgf Sfdsnfu ]fsvmnie d Egik`.

    L`s`k. qgf ]fsvmnie d Bd}f`. qgf Sginissikfu. Uiko`sd}f. `ka Qg`in`ka

    wgd usfkq j`ky gdv}u `kuwf}iko pvfuqidku }dj qgf }fuf`}egf}u+ Usfei`n

    qg`kbu `}f avf qd qgf uv}xfyfa h}ju `ka qgf L`s`k Usfei`n Hvka. wgieg

    hk`kefa qgf uv}xfyu+

    X`nv`mnf uvoofuqidku wf}f s}dxiafa my s`}qieis`kqu `q edkf}fkefu`ka ufjik`}u gfna av}iko =337 qd =303 ik x`}idvu nde`qidku< @AMI ik

    Qdbyd. K`qidk`n Ikuqiqvqf d Afxfndsjfkq @ajikiuq}`qidk `ka qgf Egvn`

    Ondm`n Kfqwd}b ik M`kobdb. qgf Fv}dsf`k M`kb d} ]fedkuq}veqidk

    `ka Afxfndsjfkq `ka qgf Dxf}uf`u Afxfndsjfkq Ikuqiqvqf ik Ndkadk.

    qgf Ikuqiqvqf d Udvqgf`uq @ui`k Uqvaifu ik Uiko`sd}f. qgf Jdkq}f`n

    Edkf}fkef ik Jdkq}f`n. qgf Sginissikfu Ikuqiqvqf d} Afxfndsjfkq

    Uqvaifu `ka qgf Sginissikfu Afs`}qjfkq d Q}`af `ka Ikavuq}y ik J`kin`.

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    12/305

    ii S}f`ef

    `ka qgf _d}na Q}`af D}o`ki|`qidk ik Ofkfx`+ _f `}f s`}qievn`}ny

    o}`qfvn qd Xikda @oo`}w`n. K`}dkoeg`i @b}`u`kff. Qgdj`u @pvikd.

    S}fj`*Eg`ka}` @qgvbd}`n`. ]ieg`}a M`nawik. Lvni`k Eg`iuuf. Uvqgis`ka

    Egi}`qgiw`q. _fkay Admudk. @kqdki Fuqfx`afd}a`n. Sginissf Ovonf}.

    J`}id N`jmf}qf. Ldko*_g` Nff. S`q}ieb Ndw. J`}e Jf`ny. Uvu`k

    S}dwuf. ]dmf}q Uednn`y. ]dmf}q Qfg. Ai}b _innfj qf Xfnaf. Ugvli}d V}`q`

    `ka Yd}i|vji _`q`k`mf d} s}dxiaiko iaf`u ka j`biko vufvn edjjfkqu

    dk qgf f`}ny a}`qu d eg`sqf}u edkq`ikfa ik qgf mddb+

    Ufxf}`n ikaixiav`nu uiokihe`kqny edkq}imvqfa qd qgf s}fs`}`qidk d qgf

    uqvay+ Ofkfxifxf Af Ov|j`k s}dxiafa }fuf`}eg `uuiuq`kef d} `k`nyu*

    iko qgf h}j uv}xfyu `ka edsy*faiqiko+ Ad}dqgf` N`|`}d `nud s}dxiafa

    }fuf`}eg `uuiuq`kef dk }vnfu d d}ioik+ S`q}iei` _`a` edsy*faiqfa qgf

    s`sf}u+ @ikunif Ujiqg `ka O}`kq Uqinnj`k d}o`ki|fa svmnie`qidk d qgf

    mddb+ B`}fk N`kf `einiq`qfa jfai` dvq}f`eg+ _ingfnjik` S`|. Jiw`bd

    Q`k`b`. ]du`}id ]`|dk `ka Ni|` E}v| s}dxiafa `ajikiuq}`qixf uvssd}q+

    _f `}f jduq o}`qfvn qd qgfj `nn+

    Qgf dsikidku fs}fuufa ik qgf mddb `}f qgduf d qgf `vqgd}u `ka ad

    kdq }fs}fufkq qgf xifwu d qgf @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq M`kb d} qgf @ui`k

    Afxfndsjfkq M`kb Ikuqiqvqf+

    J`u`gi}d B`w`i ka O`kfug`k _iok`}`l`

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    13/305

    iii

    @mm}fxi`qidku

    @AM @ui`k Afxfndsjfkq M`kb

    @HQ@ @UF@K H}ff Q}`af @}f`

    @IED @UF@K Ikavuq}i`n Eddsf}`qidk

    @SFE @ui`*S`eihe Fedkdjie Eddsf}`qidk

    @UF@K @uudei`qidk d Udvqgf`uq @ui`k K`qidku 'ikenvafu

    M}vkfi A`}vuu`n`j. E`jmdai`. Ikadkfui`. N`d

    Sfdsnfu Afjde}`qie ]fsvmnie. J`n`yui`. Jy`kj`}.

    Sginissikfu. Uiko`sd}f. Qg`in`ka `ka Xifq K`j)

    @UF@K"5 ikenvafu qgf @UF@K jfjmf}u snvu Sfdsnfu ]fsvmnie

    d Egik`. L`s`k `ka ]fsvmnie d Bd}f`

    @UF@K"8 ikenvafu qgf @UF@K"5 jfjmf}u snvu @vuq}`ni`. Ikai`

    `ka Kfw \f`n`ka

    @UF@K*8 }ff}u qd qgf jd}f fedkdjie`nny ax`kefa @UF@K

    edvkq}ifu 'M}vkfi A`}vuu`n`j. Ikadkfui`. J`n`yui`.

    Sginissikfu. Uiko`sd}f ka Qg`in`ka)

    MIJUQFE M`y d Mfko`n Ikiqi`qixf d} Jvnqi*Ufeqd}`n Qfegkie`n

    `ka Fedkdjie Eddsf}`qidk

    EFE@ Edjs}fgfkuixf Fedkdjie Eddsf}`qidk @o}ffjfkq

    EFS@ Edjs}fgfkuixf Fedkdjie S`}qkf}ugis @o}ffjfkqEFSF@ Edjs}fgfkuixf Fedkdjie S`}qkf}ugis ik F`uq @ui`

    EFSQ Edjjdk Ffeqixf S}ff}fkqi`n Q`}i

    EOF edjsvq`mnf ofkf}`n fpvinim}ivj

    ED ef}qihe`qf d d}ioik

    EQE eg`kof ik q`}i en`uuihe`qidk

    F@HQ@ F`uq @ui` H}ff Q}`af @o}ffjfkq

    FAI fnfeq}dkie a`q` ikqf}eg`kof

    FHQ@ Fv}dsf`k H}ff Q}`af @uudei`qidk

    FGS F`}ny G`}xfuq S}do}`jjfFS@ fedkdjie s`}qkf}ugis o}ffjfkq

    FS\ fsd}q s}defuuiko |dkf

    FV Fv}dsf`k Vkidk

    HAI d}fiok ai}feq ikxfuqjfkq

    HSA `q s`kfn aiusn`y

    HQ@ }ff q}`af `o}ffjfkq

    O@QU Ofkf}`n @o}ffjfkq dk Q}`af ik Uf}xiefu

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    14/305

    ix @mm}fxi`qidku

    O@QQ Ofkf}`n @o}ffjfkq dk Q`}iu `ka Q}`af

    OEE Ovn Eddsf}`qidk Edvkein

    OAS o}duu adjfuqie s}daveq

    OKI o}duu k`qidk`n ikedjf

    OUS Ofkf}`ni|fa Uyuqfj d S}ff}fkefu

    GU g`}jdki|fa uyuqfj

    IEQ ikd}j`qidk `ka edjjvkie`qidku qfegkdndoy

    IAF Ikuqiqvqf d Afxfndsiko Fedkdjifu

    IF Uiko`sd}f Ikqf}k`qidk`n Fkqf}s}iuf Uiko`sd}f

    ikedqf}ju ikqf}k`qidk`n edjjf}ei`n qf}ju

    IQ@ Ikd}j`qidk Qfegkdndoy @o}ffjfkq

    LEEI L`s`k Eg`jmf} d Edjjf}ef `ka Ikavuq}y

    LEH@ L`s`k Egfjie`n Himf}u @uudei`qidk

    LFQ]D L`s`k Fqf}k`n Q}`af D}o`ki|`qidk

    BIQ@ Bd}f` Ikqf}k`qidk`n Q}`af @uudei`qidk

    BDQ]@ Bd}f` Q}`af*Ikxfuqjfkq S}djdqidk @ofkey

    N`d SA] N`d Sfdsnfu Afjde}`qie ]fsvmnie

    Jf}eduv} Ikenvafu @}ofkqik`. Mdnixi`. M}`|in. Eginf. Edndjmi`.

    Fev`ad}. S`}`ov`y. Sf}v. V}vov`y `ka Xfkf|vfn`

    JFQI Jikiuq}y d Fedkdjy. Q}`af `ka Ikavuq}y

    JHK jduq `xdv}fa k`qidk

    JJFF@ Jikiuqf}u Jffqiko d} Fqf}k`n Fedkdjie @`i}u

    JKE jvnqik`qidk`n ed}sd}`qidk

    JDH@ Jikiuq}y d Hd}fiok @`i}u

    JDS j`}oik d s}ff}fkef

    JQI Jikiuq}y d Q}`af `ka Ikavuq}yK@HQ@ Kd}qg @jf}ie`k H}ff Q}`af @o}ffjfkq

    KFA@ K`qidk`n Fedkdjie Afxfndsjfkq @vqgd}iqy

    KQJ kdk*q`}i jf`uv}f

    DUFAE Dkf*Uqds Fsd}q Adevjfkq`qidk Efkqf}

    SEEI Sginissikf Eg`jmf} d Edjjf}ef `ka Ikavuq}y

    SF\@ Sginissikf Fedkdjie \dkf @vqgd}iqy

    SGINFWSD]Q Sginissikf Fsd}qf}u Edkfaf}`qidk

    S]E Sfdsnfu ]fsvmnie d Egik`

    ]DD }vnf d d}ioikUJF uj`nn d} jfaivj*ui|fa fkqf}s}iuf

    US@EF Ufnfeqixiqy. Sduq*@vaiq. @ax`kef S}defuuiko. Enifkq

    Ufn*@uufuujfkq `ka Fnfeq}dkie A`q` Ikqf}eg`kof

    USU u`kiq`}y `ka sgyqdu`kiq`}y

    QA]I Qg`in`ka Afxfndsjfkq ]fuf`}eg Ikuqiqvqf

    VKEQ@A Vkiqfa K`qidku Edkf}fkef dk Q}`af `ka

    Afxfndsjfkq

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    15/305

    @mm}fxi`qidku x

    VU Vkiqfa Uq`qfu

    X@ x`nvf `aafa

    XE x`nvf edkqfkq

    _QD _d}na Q}`af D}o`ki|`qidk

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    16/305

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    17/305

    S@]Q I

    Dxf}xifw

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    18/305

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    19/305

    5

    0+ Ikq}daveqidk

    J`u`gi}d B`w`i `ka O`kfug`k _iok`}`l`

    0+0 EDKQFWQ @KA SV]SDUF DH QGF UQVAY

    Fedkdjie`nny ijsd}q`kq F`uq @ui` iu `q qgf d}f}dkq d wd}na }ff

    q}`af `o}ffjfkq 'HQ@) `eqixiqy+ Sdnieyj`bf}u. fedkdjiuqu `ka mvuikfuu*

    sfdsnf `}f edkef}kfa `mdvq qgf mvuikfuu ijs`eq d qgfuf s}dnif}`qiko

    `o}ffjfkqu+0

    Qgiu mddb }fsd}qu qgf }fuvnqu d `k fxiafkef*m`ufa uqvay dk qgf mvuikfuu

    ijs`eq d qgf @ui`k kddanf mdwn d jvnqisnf `ka dxf}n`ssiko HQ@u ik

    ui F`uq @ui`k= edvkq}ifu< L`s`k. qgf Sfdsnfu ]fsvmnie d Egik` 'S]E).

    qgf ]fsvmnie d Bd}f` 'gf}fik`qf} Bd}f`). Uiko`sd}f. Qg`in`ka `ka qgf

    Sginissikfu+ Qgf ui edvkq}ifu }fs}fufkq ` ji d afxfndsjfkq nfxfnu `ka

    HQ@ fsf}ifkefu `ka giogniogq nfuudku d} n`qfedjf}u qd HQ@u+ Qgf qg}ff

    n`}ofuq Kd}qgf`uq @ui`k fedkdjifu `}f a}ixiko qgf us}f`a d HQ@u ik

    F`uq @ui` wginf qgf qg}ff uj`nnf} @uudei`qidk d Udvqgf`uq @ui`k K`qidku

    '@UF@K) fedkdjifu `}f ike}f`uikony qv}kiko qd HQ@u `u ` j`ld} ikuq}v*

    jfkq d q}`af sdniey+ Ik ` kdxfn jfqgdadndoie`n `ss}d`eg. qgf uqvay vufa

    h}j uv}xfyu qd fsnd}f qgf mvuikfuu ijsnie`qidku d HQ@u `ka qgf kddanf

    mdwn ik F`uq @ui`+ Avf qd qgf s`veiqy d d ei`n uq`qiuqieu. h}j uv}xfyu

    `}f ikaffa `njduq qgf dkny jf`ku d ednnfeqiko ikd}j`qidk dk iuuvfu nibf

    qgf vuf `ka ijsfaijfkqu qd vuf d HQ@u+ Qgiu jvnqiedvkq}y. jvnqih}j

    uqvay iu qgf h}uq edjs}fgfkuixf uv}xfy d F`uq @ui`k h}ju `ka g`u ofkf}*

    `qfa qgf n`}ofuq a`q`ufq '710 j`kv`eqv}iko fsd}q h}ju) d iqu bika d}

    fjsi}ie`n `k`nyuiu+ Qgf a`q`ufq e`sqv}fu qgf mfg`xidv} d j`ld} ikavuq}ifu

    ikenvaiko fnfeq}dkieu. `vqdjdqixf. qfqinf `ka o`}jfkq. `ka dda qg`q

    g`xf a}ixfk fsd}q uveefuu ik F`uq @ui`k fedkdjifu+

    @jiauq affsfkiko @ui`k }foidk`niuj `ka `k dkodiko afm`qf dk HQ@u.`k `k`nyuiu d qgf fedkdjie ijsnie`qidku d qgf @ui`k kddanf mdwn

    iu d s}ddvka uiokihe`kef qd h}ju `ka sdnieyj`bf}u+ J`}bfq*m`ufa

    }foidk`niuj ik F`uq @ui` iu mfedjiko ike}f`uikony sdniey a}ixfk qg}dvog

    HQ@u+ F`uq @ui` iu `jdvu d} iqu `ax`kefa s}daveqidk kfqwd}bu. wgieg

    vkaf}nif iqu usfeq`evn`} fsd}q uveefuu dxf} ufxf}`n afe`afu `ka g`xf

    affsfkfa }foidk`nny '@AM =337m)+ Ikq}`}foidk`n q}`af ik F`uq @ui` g`u

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    20/305

    1 @ui`u }ff q}`af `o}ffjfkqu

    ike}f`ufa uiokihe`kqny. s`}qievn`}ny ik s`}qu `ka edjsdkfkqu+ Qgf ondm`n

    hk`kei`n e}iuiu `ka `eedjs`kyiko fedkdjie adwkqv}k g`xf s}feisiq`qfa

    }fuq}veqv}iko ik s}daveqidk kfqwd}bu. `ka ikq}`}foidk`n q}`af iu nibfny qd

    fs`ka u qgf }fedxf}y s}do}fuufu. qgdvog qgf fsd}q afuqik`qidk d @ui`u

    hkiugfa s}davequ j`y ugiq ike}f`uikony `w`y }dj qgf Vkiqfa Uq`qfu

    'VU) `ka Fv}dsf`k j`}bfqu `ka qdw`}a @ui`k j`}bfqu+ Min`qf}`n HQ@

    `eqixiqy g`u uiokihe`kqny ike}f`ufa. mdqg wiqgik F`uq @ui` `ka dvquiaf

    qgf }foidk+ @UF@K iu fjf}oiko `u qgf gvm d} F`uq @ui`u HQ@u. wiqg

    dqgf} j`ld} @ui`k fedkdjifu ldikiko qgf HQ@ m`kaw`odk+ Jf`kwginf.

    qgf}f iu ike}f`uiko ikqf}fuq ik qgf q}`ku}foidk`n @ui`*S`eihe Fedkdjie

    Eddsf}`qidk '@SFE) o}dvsiko `u `k `nqf}k`qixf HQ@ gvm qd nikb qgf

    }foidk wiqg qgf VU 'Mf}ouqfk =339)+ Undw s}do}fuu ik qgf _d}na Q}`af

    D}o`ki|`qidk '_QD) Adg` q`nbu `ka }foidk`niuj fnufwgf}f g`xf usv}}fa

    F`uq @ui`k HQ@u 'B`w`i `ka V}`q` =3312 B`w`i =336`)+ _iqg jd}f

    HQ@u vkaf} kfodqi`qidk. qgf}f iu niqqnf uiok d ` aijikiugiko `ssfqiqf d}

    HQ@u ik F`uq @ui`+ Af`niko wiqg qgf @ui`k kddanf mdwn sgfkdjfkdk iu

    qgvu `k ikqfo}`n iqfj dk qgf }foidku mvuikfuu `ka sdniey `ofka` d} vqv}f

    q}`af*nfa o}dwqg+

    Uikef Xikf} '0963) edikfa qgf qf}ju q}`af aixf}uidk `ka q}`af e}f`*

    qidk. fedkdjiuqu `ka sdnieyj`bf}u g`xf mffk `jmix`nfkq `mdvq qgf

    wfn`}f ijsnie`qidku d evuqdju vkidku `ka dqgf} qysfu d }foidk`n q}`af

    `}}`kofjfkqu+ @jmix`nfkef `mdvq }foidk`n q}`af `}}`kofjfkqu iu `nud

    fxiafkq ik F`uq @ui`+ @ nixfny afm`qf dxf} qgf ijs`eq d HQ@u dk qgf

    }foidku mvuikfuu iu q`biko sn`ef mfqwffk qgduf wgd xifw qgf `o}ffjfkqu

    `u g`}jvn `ka qgduf wgd uff kfq mfkfhqu+5

    Ikd}jfa my Mg`ow`qiu '0996. =337) ikuiogq dk qgf us`ogfqqi mdwnd q}`af af`nu. qgf d}jf} o}dvs `uuf}qu qg`q aif}fkq q`}iu `ka }vnfu d

    d}ioik ']DDu)1 ik jvnqisnf HQ@u g`xf }fuvnqfa ik `k @ui`k kddanf mdwn

    s}dmnfj d e}iuu*e}duuiko `o}ffjfkqu qg`q `}f eg`}`eqf}i|fa my fefuuixf

    fenvuidku `ka usfei`n q}f`qjfkq+ Qgiu kddanf mdwn. qgf `}ovjfkq odfu.

    j`y aiuqd}q q}`af qdw`}a min`qf}`n eg`kkfnu. qgf}fmy qg}f`qfkiko qd f}daf

    qgf jvnqin`qf}`n q}`aiko uyuqfj+ N`}of `ajikiuq}`qixf mv}afku d} qgf

    q}`aiko h}ju. uveg u qgf kffa qd af`n wiqg jvnqisnf q`}iu ka ]DDu. nud

    jf`k qg`q niqqnf vuf iu j`af d F`uq @ui`k HQ@u+

    Ikvfkefa ik s`}q my qgf Bfjs_`k qgfd}fj.6 qgf n`qqf} o}dvs xifwHQ@u u m}ikoiko kfq mfkfhqu qd F`uq @ui`k mvuikfuufu+ Qgfy uvoofuq qg`q.

    ik qgf `mufkef d ` Adg` q}`af af`n. edjs}fgfkuixf. wfnn*afuiokfa HQ@u

    j`y mf ` jf`ku qd `egifxf }foidk`n nimf}`ni|`qidk `ka uq}veqv}`n }fd}ju.

    wgieg e`k `einiq`qf qgf afxfndsjfkq d s}daveqidk kfqwd}bu+ @eed}aikony.

    edjs}fgfkuixf HQ@u j`y edkuqiqvqf mvinaiko mndebu }`qgf} qg`k uqvj*

    mniko mndebu qd jvnqin`qf}`n nimf}`ni|`qidk+ @ax`kefjfkq d qgf afm`qf.

    gdwfxf}. g`u mffk g`jsf}fa my ` af`}qg d h}j*nfxfn fxiafkef dk qgf

  • 8/7/2019 Asia's Free Trade Agreements: How is Business Responding?

    21/305

    Ikq}daveqidk 6

    vuf d HQ@ s}ff}fkefu. qgf mfkfhqu `ka eduqu d HQ@u. `ka qgf mvuikfuu

    mv}afk e`vufa my jvnqisnf ]DDu+

    @q qgf gf`}q d qgf uqvay iu `k fsnd}`qidk d dv} ijsd}q`kq pvfuqidku

    edkef}kiko qgf us}f`a d HQ@u `ka qgf @ui`k kddanf mdwn