Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month takes place in May to celebrate the diverse cultures and accomplishments of those who trace their roots to Asia and the Pacific Islands. During this time, we acknowledge and pay homage to the

contributions Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders have made to American society and culture. In this Meeting in a Box, we provide information on the breadth of these regions both geographically and culturally, a historic timeline that outlines Asian American and Pacific Islander accomplishments and boundary-breaking moments, and facts and figures that offer demographic and workplace information. We also include an outline that highlights various Asian American and Pacific Islander resource groups at our partner companies. Share this document with your staff to further your team’s cultural competence education.

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Asian-American & Pacific Islander Heritage MonthFor All Employees

Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month For All Employees

The terms Asian and Pacific Islander refer to a vast geographical region, but have also been racialized. According to the National Resource Conservation Service, Asian American did not become a widely used term until the late 1960s and early ‘70s. The term refers largely to race because native Australians and New Zealanders are not considered Pacific Islanders, and white people born in the Asian region of the former Soviet Union are not counted as Asian.

The U.S. Census Bureau defines the following as Asian regions: (Russia is not included despite it being on the continent of Asia.)

EASTERN ASIA: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, South Korea, North Korea, Macau, Mongolia, Paracel Islands, TaiwanSOUTH CENTRAL ASIA: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, UzbekistanSOUTHEASTERN ASIA: Brunei, Myanmar (Burma), Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, VietnamWESTERN ASIA: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Bahrain, Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen

The U.S. Census Bureau also explains the delineation of the Pacific Islands as follows:

The Pacific Ocean contains an estimated 20,000 to 30,000 islands (the exact number has yet to be precisely determined). Those islands lying south of the Tropic of Cancer but excluding Australia are traditionally grouped into three divisions: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

Melanesia means black islands. These include New Guinea (the largest Pacific island, which is divided into the sovereign nation of Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian provinces of Maluku, Papua and West Papua), New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, and the Solomon Islands.

Micronesia means small islands. These include the Marianas, Guam, Wake Island, Palau, the Marshall Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, and the Federated States of Micronesia. Most of these lie north of the equator.

Polynesia means many islands. These include New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands, Rotuma, the Midway Islands, Samoa, American Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, the Cook Islands, French Polynesia, and Easter Island. It is the largest of the three zones.

There are also many other islands located within the boundaries of the Pacific Ocean, but these are not considered part of Oceania. These islands include the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador; the Aleutian Islands in Alaska; the Russian islands of Sakhalin and Kuril Islands; Taiwan; the Philippines; the South China Sea Islands; most of the islands of Indonesia; and the island nation of Japan, which includes the Ryukyu Islands. The inhabitants of these islands are not considered to be Pacific Islanders and are usually identified with their nearest continent.”

Some of these classifications and definitions are contentious. Many Pacific Islanders have spoken out against being grouped in with Asians because of the vast array of ethnic groups under these general terms. Ultimately, it is important to understand that these classifications are government tools and often do not take into account the complexity of various cultures and identities.

“Asia-Pacific Group Member States”; Jesuiseduardo; CC BY-SA 4.0

1 DEFINING ASIA AND THE PACIFIC ISLANDS

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Source: nrcs.usda.gov

“

Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month For All Employees

2 ASIA PACIFIC AMERICAN HERITAGE: TIMELINE

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Cornelius Poppe/EPA/Shutterstock

Asians and Pacific Islanders have played an integral role in shaping Amer-ican history, business, art and other advancements. This timeline outlines just some important moments in Asian American and Pacific Islander history, from the time Asian immigrants first arrived in the U.S. to today’s barrier-breaking accomplishments in politics, activism and media. Share this timeline with your team to help contextualize and celebrate various aspects of Asian-American and Pacific Islander heritage.

Discussion Questions for Employees

? What comes to mind when you think broadly of Asian American and Pacific Islander history in the U.S.? What figures stand out to you?

? Why is it important to discuss some of the darker times in Asian-American and Pacific Islander history along with the triumphs? How can we help stand up to racism and xenophobia?

? How does our company acknowledge Asian American and Pacific Islander history? What else can we do?

2016

2014

1985

NASA

CC BY 2.0

1763 -Filipinos settling in Louisiana are considered the first Asians

recorded in what will become the United States.

1790 -The first recorded immigrants from India arrive in the U.S.

1820 -The first recorded immigrants from China arrive in the U.S.

1847 -Yung Wing graduates from Yale College, becoming the first

Chinese person to graduate from a U.S. college. He goes on to champion higher education for other Chinese by establishing the Chinese Educational Mission, which helps send other Chinese students to U.S. schools. He also writes a memoir, “My Life in China and America,” where he outlines how the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 impacts his life.

1848 -The California Gold Rush leads to the first large-scale

immigration of Chinese to the U.S.

1854 -In People v. Hall, the California Supreme Court rules that

Chinese people cannot testify against whites accused of murder, just as Native American and Black people could not.

1858 -California bans Chinese immigrants.

1865 -The Central Pacific Railroad Company hires the first of

12,000 Chinese workers.

1869 -The first transcontinental railroad is completed. The Central

Pacific crew is made up of primarily Chinese immigrants, while the Union Pacific crew is made up of primarily Irish immigrants. These sides often clash. The laborers work as long as 15 hours a day in treacherous conditions to complete the project.

-The first Japanese settlers arrive on the U.S. mainland in California.

1870 -The Naturalization Act of 1870 restricts citizenship to

whites and Blacks, making Asians ineligible.

1878 -A California circuit court rules that “Mongolians” are not

eligible for naturalization.

1879 -California’s Second Constitution prohibits the employment

of Chinese immigrants.

1882 -The Chinese Exclusion Act suspends Chinese immigration

to the United States for 10 years.

1885 -The first recorded Korean immigrant, Philip Jaisohn arrives

in the U.S. as a political exile. He becomes the first Korean to be naturalized as a U.S. citizen and the first Korean American medical doctor. He returns home in 1896 and becomes a well-known political activist.

1886 -In Yick Wo v. Hopkins, the Supreme Court rules that law

with unequal impact on different groups is discriminatory.

1898 -The U.S. assumes control of Hawaii and the Philippines

upon winning the Spanish-American War. -In the United States v. Wong Kim Ark, the Supreme Court

upholds the 14th Amendment: that all people born in the U.S. are citizens.

1906 -The San Francisco Board of Education segregates Chinese,

Japanese and Korean schoolchildren.

1907 -Executive Order 589 prevents Japanese and Korean people

from entering the U.S. mainland.

1922 -In Takao Ozawa v. United States, the Supreme Court rules

that Japanese migrants cannot be naturalized.

1923 -In United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind, the Supreme Court

rules that Indian migrants cannot be naturalized.

Timeline

For All Employees

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Messrs. Henry Holt & Co

1847

1865–1869Harper’s Weekly

Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month

1924 -The Immigration Act of 1924 effectively prohibits the

immigration of all Asians to the U.S.

1942 -Executive Order 9066 results in 120,000 Japanese

Americans being sent to internment camps.

1943 -Congress repeals the Chinese Exclusion Act and grants

naturalization rights.

1946 -The Luce-Celler Act permits Filipinos and Indians to

immigrate and become naturalized. -Democrat Wing Ong becomes the first Chinese-American

not born in the U.S. to be elected to state office. He serves in the Arizona State House of Representatives.

1949 -The U.S grants 5,000 educated Chinese people refugee

status after the Communist takeover of China.

1955 -The Vietnam War begins, ultimately sparking resistance

from many Asian Americans. The Asian-American Movement, made up of a number of grassroots organizations, goes on to reach its peak in the 1960s and ‘70s.

1956 -Dalip Singh Saund of California becomes the first Indian

American in Congress.

1959 -Republican Hiram Fong of Hawaii becomes the first

Chinese American in the Senate. -Democrat Daniel K. Inouye of Hawaii, a World War II

veteran, becomes the first Japanese American in Congress.

1964 -Democrat Patsy Takemoto Mink of Hawaii becomes

the first nonwhite woman in Congress. She is a third-generation Japanese American who grew up in Maui.

1965 -Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 eliminates the

national-origins quota system, which had previously provided immigration visas to 2% of the total number of people of each nationality.

1973 -The Asian Pacific American Advocates organization

is founded to advance the rights of Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S.

1975 -The war in Vietnam ends, leading to a large migration of

Southeast Asians to the U.S.

Mid-1970s -Capitol Hill staffer and member of the Organization of

Chinese Americans, Jeanie Jew first brings up the necessity to designate a month to celebrate Asian and Pacific Islander heritage.

1979 -The first Asian Pacific American Heritage Week is

celebrated.

1985 -Ellison Onizuka becomes the first Asian American — and

first American of Japanese ancestry — in space.

1988 -The Civil Liberties Act of 1988 pays surviving Japanese

American internees $20,000 each in reparations.

1989 -The Amerasian Homecoming Act Allows children of

Vietnamese mothers and American servicement to immigrate to the U.S.

1990 -May becomes Asian Pacific American Heritage Month.

1992 -Republican Jay Kim of California becomes the first Korean-

American in Congress.

1997 -Democrat Gary Locke of Washington becomes the first

Asian American governor of a mainland state. He goes on to serve at the U.S. Ambassador to China and the Secretary of Commerce under the Obama administration.

1998 -Actress Lucy Liu, a child of Chinese immigrants, takes on

the role of Ling Woo in the TV series “Ally McBeal.” She goes on to star in well-known productions like the film “Kill Bill” and “Charlie’s Angels” She goes on to receive a Hollywood Walk of Fame star in 2019.

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U.S. House of Representatives

1956U.S. House of Representatives

1964

1999

-Andrea Jung, of Chinese descent, becomes the first nonwhite woman CEO of a Fortune 500 company, Avon.

2000 -Norman Mineta, of Japanese descent, becomes

Secretary of Commerce. He is the first Asian American Cabinet member. He goes on to become the Secretary of Transportation for the Bush administration — the only Democrat Cabinet member.

2001 -September 11th attacks lead to the Patriot Act, which is

linked to the unfair detainment of South Asian people in the U.S.

-Elaine Chao, who was born in Taiwan, becomes the first woman Asian American Cabinet member. She serves at the Secretary of Labor under the Bush administration and goes on to serve as the Secretary of Transportation under President Trump.

2003 -Far East Movement is the first Asian American band earn

a top ten hit on the Mainstream Pop charts in the United States.

2007 -Bobby Jindal of Louisiana becomes first Indian American

governor. -The National Queer Asian Pacific Islander alliance

is founded to connect Asian American, South Asian, Southeast Asian, and Pacific Islander LGBTQ organizations and support LGBTQ Asian American and Pacific Islander rights and visibility.

2009 -President Obama appoints three Asian Americans to

Cabinet: Gary Locke, Secretary of Commerce; Steven Chu, Energy Secretary; and Eric Shinseki; Veterans Affairs Secretary.

2010 -Speed Skater Apolo Anton Ohno, who is half Japanese,

earns eight Olympic medals, becoming the most decorated winter Olympian.

-Republican Nikki Haley of South Carolina becomes the first Indian American governor.

-Jeremy Lin becomes the first American-born player in the NBA player to be of Taiwanese descent. The NBA signs him out of Harvard into a two-year deal with the Golden State Warriors.

2013 -Kevin Tsujihara, of Japanese American heritage, becomes

first nonwhite CEO of a major Hollywood studio, Warner Bros.

2014 -Filipina supermodel Geena Rocero comes out as

transgender while delivering a TED Talk in honor of the International Transgender Day of Visibility. She founds the organization, Gender Proud to raise awareness and advance the rights of trans people.

-Pakistani girls’ education activist Malala Yousafzai becomes the youngest person to become a Nobel Prize laureate. In 2012, a Taliban gunman shot her in the head for attending school.

2015 -House of Representatives unanimously passes legislation

to remove all references to “Orientals” in federal law and replace the term with the more accurate and inclusive “Asian American/Pacific Islanders.”

2016 -California Attorney General Kamala Harris, who is half

Indian, is elected as a senator. She is the first Indian American to serve in the Senate.

-The Disney film “Moana” premieres and grosses $247 million in the U.S. The movie stars a Polynesian princess. To ensure culturally accurate representation, Disney enlists the help of anthropologists, linguists, historians, choreographers and cultural practitioners from islands including Samoa, Tahiti, Mo’orea and Fiji.

2018 -The film, “Crazy Rich Asians” premieres and goes on to

win awards and recognition for its story, costume design, acting and representation.

-Korean pop group BTS reaches No. 1 on the Billboard 200. The band grows a dedicated fanbase and an interest in K-pop music stateside.

2020 -Awkwafina becomes the first Asian American to win “Best

Actress” at the Golden Globes for her role in “The Farewell.”

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U.S. Congress

2016

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Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month For All Employees

3 FACTS & FIGURESAfter discussing Asian American and Pacific Islander geography and history, the next step is to look at the available data to understand why equality for Asian American and Pacific Islander people has profound demographic, financial, education and business benefits, and information on just some Asian and Pacific Island festivals, holidays and cultural celebrations.

Discussion Questions for Employees

? How can industries improve the numbers of Asian and Pacific Islander executives in companies? From entry-level to the top, what helps workers thrive?

? What are some experiences that may be unique to Asian American and Pacific Islander people? How can we avoid making assumptions?

? Asian and Pacific Islander people are diverse and come from dozens of different countries and cultures. How can we be sure to use our metrics to track our inclusivity of these groups without homogenizing them?

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DEMOGRAPHICS

Facts & Figures

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BUSINESS

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2018, la-bor force participation rates for Asian Americans was 63.5% and Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders was 68.5%. The most common occupation category for Asians was management, professional and related occupations.

Asian/Pacific Islander (API) Leadership Statistics

4.8%

10%

15%

20%

15.6

%

11.1

%6.

1%

9.6%

5.1%

API in All Management API in Senior Management (Levels 1&2)

Top 10+ HoF Top 50+HoF All Survey Participants

U.S. Asian (of one or more races) Estimated Population (2017)22.2 million, or 6.74% of total

5%

Sources: U.S. Census, Minority Health, corpgov.law.harvard.edu, Bureau of Labor Statistics

U.S. Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (of one or more races) Population (2018)1.5 million, or 0.4% of total

Asians/Pacific Islanders are gaining representation in the Fortune 500.

They now occupy 3.7% of board seats.

Between 2016–2018, Asian/Pacific Islander men gained 25 seats, a 20.3% change. Asian/Pacific Islander women gained 17 seats, a 38.6% change.

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FINANCES

$61,937

$60,734*

$44,772

$87,243

$51,404

$67,937

$41,511

U.S. Median

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

Black

Asian

Hispanic/Latinx

American Indian

White

$10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000

Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity (2018)

Source: deloitte.wsj.com; U.S. Census

$70,000 $80,000 $90,000

Thus, Asian/Pacific Islanders gained a total 42 seats, an increase of 25.15% from 2016 as the number of board seats increased from 167 to 209.

Race/Ethnicty 2016 Number of People on Board

2018 Number of People on Board

% Change 2016–2018

2018 % of People on Board

Asian/Pacific Islander

White

Black

Hispanic/ Latinx

167 209 25.19% 3.7%

4,656 4,802 3.13% 83.9%

428 486 13.55% 8.6%

188 213 13.3% 3.8%

2016–2018 Fortune 500 Board Seats by Race/Ethnicity

*From 2017 Census

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$

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$1.01 Trillion

$12.15

Trillion

Asian** White

$Black

Hispanic/Latinx

American Indian

1.53Trillion

1.3Trillion

114.6Billion

$14.8Trillion

Total*

2018 U.S. Buying Power by Race/Ethnicity

$* Because Hispanic/Latinx is an eth-nicity and not a race, numbers for Hispanic/Latinx people are not includ-ed in the total.

**Emarketer.com does not separate Pacific Islander statistics from those of Asians.

Cultural Spotlight: Asian and Pacific Islander Holidays

CHINESE NEW YEAR• Chinese New Year, also known as the Lunar New Year or Spring Festival, celebrates the beginning of a new year on the traditional Chinese calendar. The Chinese zodiac is also made up of 12 animals, which rotate annually and are represented during the new year festival and celebration.• The Chinese New Year usually takes place between Jan 21–Feb 20, depending on when the new moon appears. The celebration also lasts about 23 days, ending specifically on the 15th day of the first lunar month.

SETSUBUN: JAPAN• Setsubun, which translates to “seasonal division” and is commonly known as the “Bean-Throwing Festival.” The Japanese festival celebrates the transition to spring and a new start that steers away from spirits that bring bad fortune and sickness. Setsuben is celebrated by throwing soybeans at the outsides of house doors to scare away the evil spirits. • Setsubun is usually celebrated the day prior to the beginning of spring.

HOLI FESTIVAL: INDIA• Holi, which is known as the “Festival of Colors” or the “Festival of Spring,” is an Indian holiday that celebrates a victory of good overcoming evil. It is seen as a day to spread love and happiness, and celebrates a good harvest.

CHUESOK: KOREA• Chuseok, meaning “Autumn Eve,” is the Korean thanksgiving festival that celebrates the comfort of family and ancestry. Chuseok is a three-day celebration in which people return to their ancestral homes to celebrate. • The Chuseok celebration takes place sometime between September and October. It begins on the 14th day of the 8th lunar moon and ends on the 16th day of the 8th lunar moon.

KAMEHAMEHA DAY: HAWAII• Kamehameha Day is a Hawaiian state holiday that celebrates the monarchy of Kamehameha the Great, who established and united the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1810. • Kamehameha Day celebrations include a floral parade through Honolulu; statues of Kamehameha the Great being draped in lei (traditional flower garlands); parties; horse riding competitions; and the King Kamehameha Hula Competition.

Dileep Kaluaratchie; CC BY-SA 4.0

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Steven Gerner; CC BY-SA 2.0

Anthony Quintano; CC BY-SA 2.0

Namwon030; CC BY-SA 3.0

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$53,926

Percentage of people age 25+ who completed at least high school (2018)

Percentage of people age 25+ with at least a Bachelor’s degree (2018)

Percentage of people age 25+ with at least a graduate or professional degree (2018)

Latinx69.7%

Asian87.6%

Black86.5%

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

87.2%

American Indian

80.8%

White90.2%

White33.9%

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

18.5%

American Indian

15.2%

Asian55.0%

Latinx17.0%

Black22.0%

Black8.3%

Latinx5.5%

Asian24.3%

American Indian

5.4%

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

5.3%

White13.0%

EDUCATION

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

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4 COMPANY SPOTLIGHT: ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER EMPLOYEE RESOURCE GROUPSEmployee resource groups (ERGs), business resource groups (BRGs) and affinity groups are an important part of companies’ diversity and inclusion strategies and corporate culture. Out of our 2019 Top 50 Companies for Diversity list, we identified some of our honorees with resource groups targeted toward Asians and Pacific Islanders. ERGs are typically self-governed groups of individuals with common interests and experiences and support career development, mentorship opportunities, educa-tion and community service.

Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month For All Employees

Discussion Questions for Employees

? What are some ways our company supports Asian American and Pacific Islander employees through ERGs and/or other programs? What other ideas can we implement?

? How can we leverage our programs (ERGs or other) to celebrate Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month?

? In what other ways can we ensure Asian American and Pacific Islander employees have a seat at the table, especially during discussions about culture and inclusion?

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Company Spotlight:Asian American and Pacific Islander

Resource Groups

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From our 2019 Top 50 Companies for Diversity, here are just some of the employee and business resource groups (ERGs and BRGs) that support and empower Asian and Pacific

Islander employees and communities.

AT&T — Filipino American Communications Employees of AT&T (FACES), InspirASIAN , Organization of Asian Indians (OASiS), Mosaic, Network for Asian Pacific Americans (NAPA) and Turner Asia

FACES promotes a multi-cultural perspective to enhance AT&T and support the needs of its workforce and customer base. InspirASIAN fosters development and leadership oppor-tunities for its members and supports AT&T and outside communities. OASiS provides a framework to help global members identify ways to better leverage their talent, connec-tions and engagements within their organization and community to drive leadership and recognition opportunities. Since merging with WarnerMedia, AT&T also adopted three more groups dedicated to advancing Asian American and Pacific Islander inclusion: Mosaic, Network for Asian Pacific Americans (NAPA) and Turner Asia.

AbbVie — Asian Leadership Network (ALN)

AbbVie’s Asian Leadership Network (ALN) works to foster a diverse and inclusive environment while helping drive business results and building a sense of community. ALN focuses on net-working, mentoring, professional development, talent attraction, cultural diversity and fun for members and allies. Through ALN, AbbVie is also partnering with organizations in the local and extended Asian community.

Accenture — Asian Pacific American (APA)

Accenture’s Asian Pacific American (APA) Employee Resource Group (ERG) promotes cultural aware-ness and develops its members through learning events and mentorship. The APA ERG is comprised of 25 local chapters with more than 3,000 members. As part of its upcoming Asian & Pacific Islander Heritage Month celebrations, the APA ERG is highlighting the endless factors that make the Asian and Pacific Islander community diverse through weekly publications and virtual activities, including leadership development classes, cultural celebrations, and mental wellness sessions. Furthermore, the APA ERG established a fundraiser for the Ascend Foundation and Feed Your Hospital to feed frontline healthcare workers by supporting local Asian restaurants.

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Johnson & Johnson — Asian Society for Innovation and Achievement (ASIA), South Asian Professional Network Association (SAPNA)

Johnson & Johnson’s ASIA and SAPNA ERGs represent a network of Asian leaders and employees working toward accelerating the growth, development and visibility of Asian talent through coach-ing, mentoring and leadership development initiatives and showcasing cultural diversity. In addition, the groups offer networking and opportunities to be engaged in community service and process/product innovation that contribute to the business growth.

Comcast NBCUniversal — Asian Pacific Americans

Comcast NBCUniversal’s ERGs focus on business product development and support, per-sonal and professional development and mentoring, and community service. These ERGs drive employee engagement and help the company’s diversity and inclusion program thrive.

Mastercard — Exploring Asian Societies and Trends (EAST)

Mastercard’s business resource groups are self-governed and made up of employees who share similar interests and experiences. These groups cultivate an inclusive culture, driving business re-sults and allowing employees to feel a sense of belonging at the company.

BASF — Asian Business Community (ABC)

Formed in 2012, the ABC focuses on attracting, developing, promoting, and retaining Asian em-ployees at BASF. ABC partners with internal and external groups to bring meaningful programs and activities to members and non-members alike, including celebrating Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month and sponsoring recruiting activities at Society of Asian Scientists and Engineers.

Eli Lilly & Company — Chinese Culture Network, Lilly India Network and Africa, Middle East and Central Asia Network

Lilly began the Chinese Culture Network in 1995 and the Lilly India Network in 2001. The company also founded the Africa, Middle East and Central Asia Network in 2008. These groups celebrate the reality of a globalizing workforce.