Artículos y sustantivosArtículos y sustantivos(Articles and nouns)(Articles and nouns)

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Definite articlesDefinite articlesElEl and and LaLa are called are called definite articlesdefinite articles..ElEl is used with is used with masculinemasculine singularsingular nouns.nouns.

LaLa is used with is used with femininefeminine singularsingular nounsnouns

– Definite articles Definite articles are specific.are specific.

– They are the equivalent to They are the equivalent to the Eng. word “the.”the Eng. word “the.”

– el curso– the course

– la clase– the class

(Rt side)(Rt side)

Masculine el the

Feminine la the

Indefinite articlesIndefinite articles

UnUn and and unauna are are called indefinite called indefinite articles.articles.UnUn is used with is used with masculinemasculine singularsingular nouns.nouns.

Una Una is used with is used with femininefeminine singularsingular nouns. nouns.

– Indefinite articles Indefinite articles are not are not specific.specific.

– They are equivalent to the They are equivalent to the Eng. words “a” or “an.”Eng. words “a” or “an.”

– un un cursocurso– a coursea course

– unauna claseclase– a a classclass

Masculine un a, an

Feminine una a, an

NounsNouns

In Spanish, nouns In Spanish, nouns have genderhave gender

Nouns refer to people, Nouns refer to people, animals, places, things, animals, places, things, and ideas.and ideas.

They are either They are either masculinemasculine or or femininefeminine..– MostMost nouns that end in nouns that end in –o–o

are are masculine.masculine.– Most Most nouns that end in nouns that end in ––aa

are are femininefeminine..

Masculine Feminine

El curso La escuela

El bolígrafo La hoja de papel

The The definite articles definite articles elel and and lala also point also point out if a word is out if a word is masculinemasculine or or femininefeminine. (. (elel is is mascmasc. and . and lala is is femfem.).)

Both Both elel and and lala mean “the.” mean “the.”

ElEl and and lala can be replaced by can be replaced by unun and and unauna..

Spanish nouns that end in Spanish nouns that end in –e–e or a or a consonantconsonant must be learned as either must be learned as either masculinemasculine or or femininefeminine..You should practice them with their You should practice them with their def. def. articlesarticles, , elel or or lala..

Masculine Feminine

El profesor La joven

El lápiz La conversación

• Plural articlesPlural articles

1.1. The singular The singular definite definite articlesarticles are are elel and and lala..

2.2. The singular The singular indefinite indefinite articles articles are are unun and and unauna..

The The pluralplural of of elel is is loslos..

The The pluralplural of of lala is is laslas..

The The pluralplural of of unun is is unosunos..

The The pluralplural of of unauna is is unasunas..– UnosUnos and and UnasUnas mean mean

“some” or “a few.”“some” or “a few.”

To make a To make a noun pluralnoun plural

1.1. If a noun ends in a If a noun ends in a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) then then you add an you add an –s to the to the end of the noun to end of the noun to make it make it pluralplural..

2.2. If a noun ends in a If a noun ends in a consonant, then you , then you add an add an –es to the to the end of the noun to end of the noun to make it make it pluralplural..

– muchachmuchachaa → → muchachmuchachasas

– amigamigoo → amig → amigosos

– profesoprofesorr → → profesoprofesoresres

– españoespañoll → → españoespañolesles

3.3. Singular Singular nouns that nouns that end in end in zz change to change to cc in the plural (then in the plural (then you add the –you add the –eses))

– lápilápizz → lápi→ lápicceses– narinarizz → nari → naricceses

AGRAGREEMENTEEMENT

A A pluralplural noun has a noun has a pluralplural articlearticle. .

The nouns and The nouns and articles must also articles must also AGREE in gender AGREE in gender ((masc. nouns masc. nouns with with masc. articlesmasc. articles.; .; femfem nounsnouns with with fem fem articlesarticles.).)

Just as an article and Just as an article and noun must agree noun must agree when it is when it is singularsingular, it , it also must agree in the also must agree in the pluralplural. .

Make Make these these pluralplural

El relojEl reloj

La ventanaLa ventana

Un disqueteUn disquete

Una mesaUna mesa

Los relojesLos relojes

Las ventanasLas ventanas

Unos disquetesUnos disquetes

Unas mesasUnas mesas