Art through intimidation - An Introduction to the flyers of Black Flag

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A zine about the relationship between Raymond Pettibon's artwork and Black Flag's flyers. The author makes sesne of the various eras of Black Flag flyers and also provides some insight into the artwork that RAymond Pettibon created.

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  • ART THROUGHINTIMIDATIONAn Introduction to the flyers ofBlack Flag

    By ChariSabba-Too-Jee Press, 260 Adelaide St. East Box 62,Toronto, ON, M5A INI, Canada

    2013

  • T17iof

  • INTRO

    The drums hit and the lead guitar dropped like a bombfrom the sky. The thunderous wall of sound kicked in,so brutal it could destroy anything. On top were angry,defiant lyrics sung from a limitless reservoir of vitriol.I just stared into the vast emptiness of the speakers,awestruck by how perfect it was.

    The first time I listened to Black Flag was cathartic.All the frustration and angst inside just spilled out oftheir songs. It felt like the greatest music ever.

    I

  • T h e o t h e r g r e a t t h i n g a b o u t B l a c k F l a g w a s t h e i r f l y e r s .

    T h e y w e r e i l l u s t r a t e d w i t h s t a r k p e n a n d i n k d r a w i n g s .

    B e s i d e e a c h i m a g e w a s a c a p t i o n t h a t w a s h u m o r o u s ,

    b u t a l s o s u b v e r s i v e . T h e s p o n t a n e o u s r e a c t i o n w a s t o

    l a u g h . A f t e r , m o r e s e r i o u s r e f l e c t i o n w o u l d f o l l o w .

    T h i s i s n t s u p p o s e d t o b e f u n n y . S o w h y d i d I l a u g h ?

    R a y m o n d P e t t i b o n i s t h e a r t i s t w h o d r e w t h o s e

    i m a g e s . H e d i d n o t c r e a t e a r t f o r B l a c k F l a g . I n s t e a d ,

    d r a w i n g s w h e r e c h o s e n f r o m p r e - e x i s t i n g a r t . T h e

    i m a g e s s e l e c t e d d u r i n g t h e i n i t i a l p e r i o d , f r o m 1 9 7 9 t o

    1 9 8 1 , e x u d e d a s e n s e o f d a n g e r . T h e y w e r e a s s t r i k i n g

    a n d i n t e n s e a s t h e m u s i c a n d b e c a m e s y n o n y m o u s

    w i t h t h e b a n d , e v e n i f t h i s w a s n t t h e o r i g i n a l i n t e n t i o n

    o f t h e a r t .

    T h e f l y e r s a r e k n o w n f o r t h e i r g r a p h i c c o n t e n t , b u t t h e

    p e o p l e w h o f o c u s o n t h o s e a s p e c t s m i s s t h e p o i n t .

    T h e y d o n o t s e e t h e s a t i r e , t h e m e t a p h o r s , o r a n y o f

    t h e o t h e r t h i n g s t h a t g i v e t h e f l y e r s d e p t h . T h e i m a g e s

    a r e m o r e c o m p l e x t h a n t h e y f i r s t a p p e a r a n d n o s i n g l e

    f a c e t e d i n t e r p r e t a t i o n c a n d i s t i l t h e i r e s s e n c e .

    P e t t i b o n s a r t i s f u l l s t r e n g t h , b u t h e d o e s n o t h i t y o u

    o v e r t h e h e a d w i t h a m e s s a g e . I n s t e a d , h e s u b t l y l i f t s

    t h e m a s k a n d e x p o s e s w h a t s u n d e r n e a t h . R a w t r u t h

    a n d h y p o c r i s y a r e d i s p l a y e d i n t h e f u l l l i g h t o f d a y , b u t

    w i t h o u t m o r a l i z i n g a n d w i t h o u t t e l l i n g u s w h a t t o t h i n k .

    H e p o i n t s a t t h e e m p e r o r s n e w c l o t h e s , a n d s t o p s

    t h e r e . T h e r e s u l t s a r e p o w e r f u l a n d t h o u g h t p r o v o k i n g .

    2

  • Not everyone gets it. Some people cant see beyondthe blood splatter. In high school a teacher noticed mereading a book of Pettibon drawings. He took it out ofmy hands and slowly turned the pages. The look ofdisgust on his face was obvious. He told me that mygeneration was sick and that only a diseased mindwould want to read this book.

    I got a similar reaction when I tried to play Black Flagto other people. I carried around a tape of early songs,mostly from Everything Went Black. I considered it tobe the most listenable of Black Flags recordings.Come on, who wouldnt like Gimme Gimme Gimme?

    Apparently, I was wrong. Most people hate Black Flag.I popped in the cassette at parties and got deathstares. Turn that shit off!

    My one successful coup was at a high school dance.I started talking to the DJ as he was setting up andcould see that wed made a connection. He righteouslythought that I and my friends should get at least onesong during the dance.

    It took forever to get through the mind-numbingpopular songs (Wham!, Tears for Fears, TwistedSister). Then it came. Nervous Breakdown on full blast.The floor shook. I skanked my heart out. And then itwas over. A pile of bodies lay in the centre of thegymnasium floor. They didnt know how to dance tothis music and just started pushing and shoving eachother. One person got hurt and had to leave. He cameback to school on Monday with his arm in a sling,telling everyone I ruined the dance.

    3

  • T h e o u t s i d e w o r l d r e a c t e d i n t h e s a m e w a y t o t h e a r t

    a n d t h e m u s i c . B o t h s p a r k e d i n s t a n t a n e o u s a n d s e v e r e

    h o s t i l i t y . C o n s e q u e n t l y , p u t t i n g a P e t t i b o n d r a w i n g o n

    a B l a c k F l a g f l y e r m a d e s e n s e . I t w a s a n a c t o f

    d e f i a n c e t h a t e x p r e s s e d w h a t t h e m u s i c w a s a b o u t .

    O v e r t i m e , t h e f l y e r s h a v e b e c o m e i c o n i c . T h e y c a s t a n

    a u r a o v e r t h e m u s i c , i n f l u e n c i n g h o w i t i s e x p e r i e n c e d .

    T h i s i s e s p e c i a l l y t r u e f o r p e o p l e l i k e m e w h o n e v e r

    s a w t h e b a n d p l a y l i v e . T h e m e n a c i n g p r e s e n c e o f t h e

    f l y e r s s e t s u p t h e s o n g s a n d t h e c a t h a r t i c r e l e a s e t h a t

    f o l l o w s . T h e a r t a n d t h e m u s i c t o g e t h e r a r e t h e

    c o m p l e t e p a c k a g e .

    A s a c o l l e c t o r , I v e s p e n t y e a r s c h a s i n g d o w n t h e

    f l y e r s a n d a n y b i t o f i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t w o u l d h e l p m e t o

    u n d e r s t a n d t h e m b e t t e r . T h e c h a l l e n g e w a s n t j u s t

    a c q u i r i n g t h e f l y e r s , b u t t r y i n g t o m a k e s e n s e o f t h e m .

    S o m u c h a m a z i n g m a t e r i a l w a s c r e a t e d t h a t t h e t a s k o f

    o r g a n i z i n g a n d s t u d y i n g i t s e e m e d i n c r e d i b l y d a u n t i n g .

    U l t i m a t e l y , I c r e a t e d a z i n e t h a t I w i s h h a d b e e n a r o u n d

    w h e n I f i r s t s t a r t e d c o l l e c t i n g . I t w o u l d v e h e l p e d m e

    m a k e b e t t e r c h o i c e s d u r i n g t h e e a r l y d a y s o f e B a y ,

    w h e n l e g i t i m a t e c o l l e c t i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s s t i l l e x i s t e d .

    I v e c h r o n i c l e d t h e s t o r y o f t h e f l y e r s o v e r f i v e p e r i o d s ,

    e a c h w i t h i t s o w n d i s t i n c t s e t o f c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . A n

    a t t e m p t w a s a l s o m a d e t o i n t e r p r e t a n d f i n d m e a n i n g i n

    t h e a r t . T h e r e s l o t s h e r e , b u t e v e n s o , t h i s i s j u s t a

    s t a r t i n g p o i n t . A n i n t r o d u c t i o n . S o m u c h m o r e n e e d s

    t o b e d o n e .

    4

  • ORIGIN STORY

    In the mid-seventies, Greg Ginn taught himself to playguitar and wrote songs as an outlet.1 At some point in1977, he got a band together. He convinced KeithMorris to sing. Keith recruited his friend Bryan Migdolon drums. Their band was called Panic.

    Chuck Dukowski initially filled in as bassist and laterbecame a permanent member. He was in the line-upthat recorded the Nervous Breakdown EP in January1978. Many cite this as their favourite Black Flagrelease, but it should be pointed out that it was Panic,not Black Flag, that played on this recording. The bandconcept of Panic was different from Black Flag. Panicwas more about a band freaking out (hence the name).They also had more of a fun feel than what was tocome later.2 (Despite rumours, no flyers were createdwhile they were still called Panic.)3

    5

  • I t w a s a f a m i l y c o n n e c t i o n t h a t b r o u g h t R a y m o n d

    P e t t i b o n i n t o t h e s a m e s p h e r e a s P a n i c . H e i s G r e g

    G i n n s b r o t h e r . H e g r a d u a t e d f r o m U C L A i n 1 9 7 7 a n d

    b e g a n w o r k i n g a s a m a t h t e a c h e r . H e h a d a l s o b e e n

    d r a w i n g f o r a w h i l e a n d s o m e o f h i s p o l i t i c a l c a r t o o n s

    h a d b e e n p u b l i s h e d , b u t t h e n s o m e t h i n g h a p p e n e d .

    A c c o r d i n g t o h i m , . . . t h e r e w a s a p o i n t w h e n , t o m y

    e y e s , m y w o r k d i d b e c o m e m a t u r e . I n a w a y , i t k i n d o f

    h a p p e n e d o v e r n i g h t , i n 1 9 7 8 . ~ F r o m t h a t m o m e n t o n ,

    h e w a s a n a r t i s t .

    B y m i d - I 9 7 8 , P a n i c n e e d e d a d r u m m e r . T h e y g o t R o b o .

    H i s d r u m m i n g w a s f a s t e r , b u t a l s o m o r e e x p r e s s i v e .

    H e h e l p e d a m p l i f y t h e d a r k e m o t i o n a l t o n e o f t h e

    m u s i c w h i l e i n c r e a s i n g i t s e n e r g y l e v e l . A s a r e s u l t ,

    P a n i c s s o u n d c h a n g e d ~ T h e m u s i c b e c a m e h e a v i e r ,

    a n d m o r e i n t e n s e .

    A n u n c r e d i t e d p h o t o o f R o b e - e r a P a n i c c i r c u l a t i n g o n t h e i n t e r n e t .

  • In the fall of 1978, the bands new name, Black Flag,was chosen after it was suggested by RaymondPettibon.5 The black flag is a symbol of anarchism, butthey were not explicitly referencing political anarchy.As Chuck explained, My definition of it (anarchy) is acommitment to change. No system. Cuz the worldreally is anarchy. But a person committed to it, iscommitted to the destruction of the status quo.6 Theband didnt want to play the same music the same wayuntil it became stale and irrelevant. It was better to bein a state of change, to not rely on an establishedformula, and to continually smash what came before.

    The name also worked because it was intimidating.According to Chuck, all of the cultural references(anarchy, poison) inherent in Black Flag arethreatening.7 They had a heavy, menacing vibe andthis was expressed in Chucks lyrics from the songSpray Paint the Walls:

    It feels good to say what I wantIt feels good to knock things downIt feels good to see the disgust in their eyesIt feels good, Im gonna go wildSpray paint the walls

    I dont want to see the plan succeedThere wont be room for people like meMy life is their diseaseIt feels good, Im gonna go wildSpray paint the walls

    I did intend to confront the world, confirms Chuck,and I enjoyed it immensely.8

    7

  • A c o m m i t m e n t t o c h a n g e a n d a h e a v y , t h r e a t e n i n g v i b e

    a r e t h e t w o p a r t s o f t h e B l a c k F l a g a e s t h e t i c t h a t

    b e c a m e t h e d e f i n i n g f e a t u r e s t h e f l y e r s . B e i n g i n a

    s t a t e o f c h a n g e o p e n e d t h i n g s u p . I t a l l o w e d f o r

    u n e x p e c t e d c h o i c e s o f a r t w o r k t o b e u s e d . A s w e l l , t h e

    h e a v y v i b e o f t h e b a n d w a s l a t e r r e f l e c t e d i n t h e

    o m i n o u s v i s u a l p r e s e n c e o f t h e f l y e r s .

    B y t h e e n d o f 1 9 7 8 , P e t t i b o n a n d B l a c k F l a g w e r e i n a

    s i m i l a r p o s i t i o n . B o t h h a d f o u n d t h e i r a r t i s t i c v o i c e a n d

    w a n t e d t o e x p r e s s t h e m s e l v e s . P e t t i b o n h a d p u b l i s h e d

    h i s f i r s t c o l l e c t i o n o f d r a w i n g s C a p t i v e C h a i n s i n a n

    e d i t i o n o f 5 0 0 . B l a c k F l a g r e l e a s e d t h e i r f i r s t s i n g l e

    N e r v o u s B r e a k d o w n . 2 0 0 0 w e r e p r e s s e d , b u t o n l y 5 0 0

    h a d t h e o r i g i n a l b r i c k w a l l s l e e v e . T h e y p r o d u c e d

    t h e s e i t e m s , b u t h a d n o a u d i e n c e . I t w a s n o w t i m e t o

    m a k e t h i n g s h a p p e n .

  • THE FIRST SIX(January to June 1979)

    The Hollywood punk scene had shunned Black Flag.To them, the band was a bunch of outsiders from thesuburbs. Unable to get any gigs, they rented theMoose Lodge Hall in Rendondo Beach to put on theirfirst show which took place on 27 January 1979. Theearliest flyers were created for this gig.

    No effort was made to document the earliest flyers.However, enough material has survived and enoughdetails have been provided by first hand sources toreconstruct the order of the first six flyers. However,this isnt an exact science. This sequence is a bestguess based on available information.

    9

  • C h u c k d e s c r i b e d c r e a t i n g t h e f i r s t B l a c k F l a g f l y e r i n

    B a r r e d f o r L i f e :

    I t o o k a p i c t u r e o u t o f h i s ( P e t t i b o n s ) C a p t i v e C h a i n s

    b o o k a n d j u s t w r o t e t h e t e x t w h i l e I w a s d o i n g m y

    l a u n d r y . I w a s l i k e , I h a v e t o d o s o m e f l y e r s f o r t h i s

    s h o w , s o I w r o t e i t w i t h a m a r k i n g p e n a n d X e r o x e d i t

    a t t h e P o s t O f f i c e , o r s o m e p l a c e n e a r b y , t h e n w e n t a n d

    p a s s e d t h e m o u t . . . 9

    T h e f l y e r d e p i c t s a h a n d h o l d i n g a r e c e n t l y f i r e d g u n ,

    s m o k e s t i l l r i s i n g f r o m t h e b a r r e l . J u s t a b o v e , t h e

    b l o o d s p l a t t e r t h a t d r i p s d o w n t h e w a l l f u n c t i o n s a s a

    k n o w i n g w i n k f r o m P e t t i b o n . S o m e o n e o u t s i d e t h e

    f r a m e h a s b e e n b a d l y h u r t , b u t w h a t a c t u a l l y h a p p e n e d

    i s l e f t t o t h e i m a g i n a t i o n .

    C h u c k c h o s e a n i m a g e w i t h v i o l e n c e , h u m o u r , a n d t h e

    t h r e a t o f t h e u n k n o w n . H e t h e n f r a m e d i t w i t h s h o w

    i n f o r m a t i o n t o p r o d u c e t h i s f l y e r . I n d o i n g s o , h e

    c r e a t e d a p r o t o t y p e f o r a l l t h e c l a s s i c f l y e r s t h a t c a m e

    l a t e r . B u t a t t h i s e a r l y , f o r m a t i v e s t a g e , t h e r e w a s n o

    e s t a b l i s h e d w a y o f d o i n g t h i n g s . O t h e r t y p e s o f f l y e r s

    w o u l d b e m a d e f o r o t h e r s h o w s , I t t o o k a w h i l e b e f o r e

    t h i s p r o t o t y p e b e c a m e a t e m p l a t e .

    T h i s f l y e r i s e x t r e m e l y r a r e . T h e r e i s o n l y o n e i m a g e o f

    i t o n t h e i n t e r n e t , o n t h e R a t S o u n d l e g a c y s i t e . M o s t

    c o l l e c t o r s d o n o t e v e n k n o w o f i t s e x i s t e n c e . S u p r e m e

    r a r i t y a n d i m p o r t a n c e m a k e t h i s , m o r e t h a n a n y o t h e r

    f l y e r , t h e H o l y G r a i l o f B l a c k F l a g f l y e r c o l l e c t i n g .

    1 0

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  • K e i t h M o r r i s a l s o d r e w a f l y e r . 1 I t d e p i c t s t w o b e a t n i k s

    t a l k i n g a b o u t t h e u p c o m i n g s h o w . T h e f l y e r f e a t u r e s

    t w o c o u n t e r c u l t u r e f i g u r e s , b u t i t i s d e c i d e d l y n o t

    p u n k . I t i s a n e a r l y i n d i c a t i o n t h a t B l a c k F l a g w e r e n o t

    f o l l o w e r s . T h e y d i d n o t p a n d e r t o t h e p u n k c o m m u n i t y .

    T h e y h a d t h e i r o w n s e l f m a d e a n t i - e s t a b l i s h m e n t s t y l e .

    B l a c k F l a g p u t o n t h e i r s e c o n d s h o w b y r e n t i n g a

    c o m m u n i t y c e n t r e i n S a n P e d r o . T h e r e a r e t w o k n o w n

    f l y e r s f o r t h i s s h o w . O n e w a s b y R a y m o n d P e t t i b o n .

    T h e b a n d n a m e s a r e d r a w n w i t h a h a t c h i n g t e c h n i q u e .

    B e n e a t h a r e a m a p a n d d i r e c t i o n s f o l l o w e d b y t h e

    h e a d s o f t w o c h a r a c t e r s f r o m P e t t i b o n s c o m i c b o o k .

    T h e y a r e o f f e r i n g d e a l s f o r C a p t i v e C h a i n s a n d t h e

    N e r v o u s B r e a k d o w n s i n g l e .

    T h i s f l y e r i s n o t a b l e f o r t w o r e a s o n s . I t s t h e f i r s t f l y e r

    c r e a t e d b y R a y m o n d P e t t i b o n , b u t h i s a r t w o r k i s o n l y a

    m i n o r f e a t u r e . T h e m a i n f o c u s i s o n t h e h u m o r o u s

    P e t t i b o n i s m s f o u n d i n t h e t e x t .

    T h e o t h e r r e a s o n f o r t h i s f l y e r s i m p o r t a n c e i s l e s s

    o b v i o u s . I n t h e b o t t o m r i g h t c o r n e r i s a s m a l l a d f o r t h e

    N e r v o u s B r e a k d o w n s i n g l e . W i t h i n t h e a d i s t h e f i r s t

    p r i n t e d a p p e a r a n c e o f t h e B l a c k F l a g b a r s . T h e b a r s

    w e r e P e f t i b o n s s t y l i z e d d e p i c t i o n o f a b l a c k f l a g

    w a i v i n g i n t h e w i n d . T h e y b e c a m e t h e l o g o o f t h e b a n d

    a n d t h i s f l y e r e s t a b l i s h e s t h a t t h e b a r s w e r e i n u s e

    q u i t e e a r l y , b e f o r e t h e i r s e c o n d s h o w .

    1 1

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  • ~kC~ F~MD THE DESCEWPENrg1AK~ H~P~O~ F~*iT~EN~ ovI N 9AN p~g~~IO 1$Pr to TACO 3~P~ L~FT~p$Th c~Jz st) ~ i~r~ i~r PACIFIC AV~.I N AW$Ya.SN4P~DRINT~NC~

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    The other flyer for the second show was designed byKeith Morris. It has a similar illustrative style to thefirst flyer he made. Thick black marker is used, and thehandwriting is identical. It is better executed, but lessinspired than his previous effort. Show information isfollowed by a cat, a plug, and a flag which representthree of the bands that played that night (the AlleyCats, the Plugs, and Black Flag).

    12

  • T h e n e x t f l y e r w a s c r e a t e d f o r B l a c k F l a g s f i r s t c l u b

    s h o w a t t h e B l a B l a c a f e o n t h e 1 1 t h a n d 1 9 t h o f J u n e .

    S h o w i n f o r m a t i o n s u r r o u n d s t h e N e r v o u s B r e a k d o w n

    p i c t u r e s l e e v e . T h i s i s t h e f i r s t a p p e a r a n c e o f

    P e f t i b o n s h a n d d r a w n B l a c k F l a g l e t t e r s w h i c h h e

    s e e m s t o h a v e p r e f e r r e d . T h e p r e s e n c e o f t h i s l e t t e r i n g

    s t y l e o n a f l y e r i s a n i n d i c a t i o n t h a t h e l i k e l y c r e a t e d

    t h a t f l y e r .

    T h e n e x t a n d f i n a l f l y e r f r o m t h i s e a r l y p e r i o d i s f o r

    B l a c k F l a g s s e c o n d c l u b s h o w . I t d e p i c t s a p u n k g i r l

    g e t t i n g k i c k e d o u t o f t h e f a m i l y h o m e w h i l e b e i n g

    t a u n t e d b y h e r f a t h e r . T h e d r a w i n g i s m o r e s t r a i g h t

    h u m o u r t h a n s a t i r e , w h i c h i s u n u s u a l i n P e t t i b o n s a r t .

    A l s o u n u s u a l i s t h e p r e s e n c e o f a p u n k c h a r a c t e r .

    T h i s i s v i r t u a l l y u n i q u e a m o n g B l a c k F l a g s f l y e r s .

    T h e i m a g e i s n o t c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e B l a c k F l a g

    a e s t h e t i c , b u t t h i s i s a p r e c e d e n t s e t t i n g f l y e r s T h e

    P e t t i b o n d r a w i n g f r a m e d b y s h o w i n f o r m a t i o n f o r m a t ,

    i n t r o d u c e d b y B l a c k F l a g s f i r s t f l y e r ( i l l u s t r a t e d w i t h

    P e t t i b o n s g u n ) w a s a d o p t e d a f t e r t h i s f l y e r . A s s u c h ,

    t h i s w a s t h e f i r s t s t a n d a r d i z e d f l y e r f r o m w h i c h a l l

    o t h e r f l y e r s f o l l o w e d .

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  • THE NUMBERED FLYERS(June 1979 to December 1979)

    After their first few shows, Black Flag broke throughthe barriers that had blocked them from getting gigs.They didnt know who we were. Says Chuck, Oncewe started playing its like a lot of things once youget the ball rolling and then theres momentum.11 Forthe rest on 1979, the band often played in the LosAngeles area and made two trips to San Francisco.

    The flyers for the second half of 1979 were numbered.The numbering began with # 7 in June and ended with#22 in December. The first six flyers from January toJune are assumed to be the only previous flyersbecause the numbering begins at seven.

    14

  • T h e f l y e r s w e r e n u m b e r e d t o d o c u m e n t t h e m a s t h e y

    w e r e b e i n g c r e a t e d . I n t h e v e r y e a r l y d a y s t h e r e m a y

    h a v e b e e n a n a t t e m p t t o p r e s e r v e t h e s e q u e n c e ,

    e x p l a i n s C h u c k . A l a s , i t w e n t b y t h e w a y s i d e . 1 2

    T h e f l y e r s f o r t h i s p e r i o d w e r e l e t t e r e d a n d l a i d o u t b y

    P e t t i b o n . H e d i d t h e l e t t e r i n g f o r a w h i l e , s a y s C h u c k .

    W e s t a r t e d t o p l a y l o t s o f s h o w s a n d t h e n , b e c a u s e o f

    v o l u m e , w e t o o k o v e r . 1 3 T h e e x a c t m o m e n t w h e n

    C h u c k t o o k o v e r i s d i f f i c u l t t o p i n p o i n t b e c a u s e h e l a i d

    o u t o f a t l e a s t o n e n u m b e r e d f l y e r ( B l a c k F l a g f l y e r

    # 1 8 ) a n d p o s s i b l y m o r e . I n a n y e v e n t , P e f t i b o n s t o p p e d

    c r e a t i n g t h e f l y e r s b y t h e e n d o f 1 9 7 9 a n d o n l y b r i e f l y

    r e t u r n e d t o l a y o u t a f e w m o r e f l y e r s i n t h e f a l l o f 1 9 8 0 .

    2 9 J u n e 1 9 7 9 , B l a c k F l a g F l y e r # 7

    A k n i f e t h r o w i n g a c t g o n e a w r y . T h e h u m a n t a r g e t ,

    w o u n d e d b y t h e t h r o w e r , h a s s t a b b e d h i m i n t h e b a c k

    a n d i s n o w a p p r o a c h i n g h i m w i t h a s e c o n d k n i f e . T h e

    t h r o w e r l i f t s h i s h a n d t o d e f e n d h i m s e l f .

    E a r l y B l a c k F l a g s o n g s d e p i c t s o m e o n e o n t h e e d g e ;

    e i t h e r i m m o b i l i z e d b y f r u s t r a t i o n o r f r u s t r a t e d t o t h e

    p o i n t o f l a s h i n g o u t . T h e r e a r e n o s o l u t i o n s , n o

    r e d e m p t i o n . A l l t h e n a r r a t o r c a n d o i s g o b e r s e r k .

    T h i s i m a g e c a p t u r e s t h a t f e e l i n g o f p o w e r l e s s n e s s a n d

    o f b e i n g p r o v o k e d t o t h e b r e a k i n g p o i n t .

    1 5

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  • Callously abandoning a fatally trapped person isincomprehensible. What followed is equally disturbing.He got a minor conviction for fleeing the scene of anaccident with no jail time. Voters continued to re-electhim until his death 30 years later. Everyone just closedtheir eyes and pretended that everything was okay.Their slumber gave him sanctuary from having to faceany real consequences.

    A grand jury later considered this incident, but wasonly allowed to hear 20 minutes of testimony as theysearched for truth. Although brief, it was in Pettibonswords, a respite from the sanctuary of sleep.

    1 November 1979, Black Flag Flyer #18For Pettibon, nothing is sacrosanct above comedy.16This includes pedophilia. Approaching this subjectfrom a satirical angle is challenging for the audience.The image of a sexually exploited child is veryupsetting, but in a humorous context is capable ofarousing extreme anger. The purpose of satire,however, isnt to appease peoples sensibilities. It issupposed to force them to confront the ugliness,which is what this flyer does.

    The image is unsettling, but the message is clear:children are exploited. Pedophilia exists. Pettibon pullsit out of the shadows to show everyone that themonster is real.

    19

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  • 1 N o v e m b e r 1 9 7 9 , B l a c k F l a g F l y e r # 1 9

    T h e a d u l t s c l e n c h e d f i s t s s h o w t h a t h e i s f r u s t r a t e d b y

    h i s i n a b i l i t y t o c o n t r o l t h i s s i t u a t i o n . T h e k i d s m i l e s a s

    h e d u c k s a n d d o g e s t o c o m p l e t e w i l d , u n r e s t r a i n e d a r t .

    N o o n e c a n s t o p h i m .

    T h e a r t p a r a l l e l s B l a c k F l a g s l a t e n i g h t c a m p a i g n s

    w h e n t h e y i l l e g a l l y p o s t e d f l y e r s t o p r o m o t e t h e i r

    s h o w s . A c c o r d i n g t o K e i t h :

    W e w o u l d g o o u t o n o u r f l y e r - p a s t i n g m i s s i o n s i n

    R o b o s l i t t l e w h i t e F o r d C o r t i n a . W e d h a v e t h e b u c k e t

    w i t h t h e p a s t e , w e d h a v e a f e w h u n d r e d f l y e r s , a n d

    a f t e r a l l t h e f l y e r s w e r e p o s t e d . l i k e t h r e e o f f o u r h o u r s ,

    w e d g o h o m e t o s l e e p .

    I t w o u l d b e i n t e r e s t i n g t o k n o w h o w t h e g e n e r a l p u b l i c

    r e a c t e d t h e n e x t m o r n i n g a s t h e y w a l k e d d o w n t h e

    s t r e e t a n d w e r e g r e e t e d b y a k n i f e w i e l d i n g n u d e

    w o m a n ( f l y e r # 7 ) , o r E d G e m ( f l y e r # 1 5 ) . I t p r o b a b l y f e l t

    l i k e s o m e s o r t o f a t t a c k w a s u n d e r w a y . T h e f l y e r s

    c a p t i o n s u m s i t u p p e r f e c t l y . A r t t h r o u g h i n t i m i d a t i o n .

    1 D e c e m b e r 1 9 7 9 , U n - n u m b e r e d F l y e r

    F a n s h a v e a l w a y s k n o w n a b o u t t h e a w k w a r d m u s i c a l

    m i s m a t c h t h a t t o o k p l a c e w h e n B l a c k F l a g p l a y e d a

    s h o w w i t h M a d n e s s , b u t t h e f l y e r w a s u n k n o w n u n t i l i t

    s u r f a c e d a f e w m o n t h s a g o . H a n d w r i t i n g s t y l e r e v e a l s

    K e i t h M o r r i s a s t h i s f l y e r s c r e a t o r .

    K e i t h p a r t e d w a y s w i t h B l a c k F l a g a f e w d a y s a f t e r t h i s

    s h o w . T h i s t u r n e d o u t t o b e h i s s w a n s o n g f l y e r a n d i t

    i s a r e m i n d e r o f h i s c o n n e c t i o n t o t h e e p i c i n i t i a l p h a s e

    o f B l a c k F l a g w h e n t h e y l e f t t h e i r p r a c t i c e s p a c e a n d

    s t a r t e d t o p l a y s h o w s .

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  • T H E I N T E R R E G N U M

    ( J a n u a r y 1 9 8 0 t o A p r i l 1 9 8 0 )

    T h e n u m b e r e d f l y e r s e n d e d i n D e c e m b e r 1 9 7 9 . N o n e w

    P e t t i b o n a r t w o u l d a p p e a r o n t h e f l y e r s u n t i l A p r i l 1 9 8 0 .

    l n b e t w e e n , B l a c k F l a g p r o m o t e d t h e i r s h o w s w i t h

    f l y e r s t h a t d i d n o t f e a t u r e t h e a r t . A t t h e s a m e t i m e ,

    a n o t h e r b a n d w a s a l l o w e d a c c e s s t o P e t t i b o n s a r t t o

    c r e a t e t h e i r f l y e r s . A c l o s e l o o k a t t h e s e c i r c u m s t a n c e s

    r e v e a l s h o w B l a c k F l a g s f l y e r s a n d t h e a r t o f P e t t i b o n

    w e r e m o r e c o m p e l l i n g t o g e t h e r t h a n a p a r t .

    2 1

  • When Pettibon told Maximumrocknroll in 2008 that...if it wasnt me (providin~ art to Black Flag), it wouldhave been someone else 8 he was implying that hiscontribution was inconsequential. One look at a flyermade without his art shows just how wrong he is.

    Flyer for 16 March 1980. Chucks lettering pasted over an urban wasteland.

    22

  • T h e m o s t p r o m i n e n t f e a t u r e o f t h i s f l y e r i s t h e

    e n o r m o u s l e t t e r s t h a t s p e l l B l a c k F l a g . M a n y a s s u m e

    t h a t t h e l a r g e , u l t r a - b o l d f o n t w a s c h o s e n b e c a u s e i t

    p r o j e c t s a n o m i n o u s s e n s e o f p o w e r . T h e a c t u a l

    r e a s o n w a s m o r e p r a c t i c a l . A s i n d i c a t e d b y C h u c k ,

    T h e t e x t f o r B l a c k F l a g ~ j o t c h a n g e d t o m a k e i t m o r e

    l e g i b l e f r o m a l i g h t p o l e . ~

    T h e f l y e r p r o m o t e s t h e s h o w , b u t d o e s l i t t l e e l s e , I t

    s e e m s b l a n d w h e n c o m p a r e d t o t h e p r e v i o u s f l y e r s

    w i t h P e t t i b o n s a r t .

    T h e P e t t i b o n d r a w i n g s u s e d f o r t h e f l y e r s c o n t a i n e d

    m o r e t h a n a s h a r p w i t a n d a s u b v e r s i v e m e s s a g e .

    T h e t o p i c a l a s p e c t o f a n y a r t m a k e s i t i n t e r e s t i n g ,

    b u t n o t c o m p e l l i n g . I t s P e t t i b o n s i d i o s y n c r a t i c s t y l e

    t h a t d r a w s p e o p l e i n . H e m a k e s e x t r e m e b e h a v i o u r ,

    n o m a t t e r h o w a b e r r a n t o r a b h o r r e n t , s e e m f a m i l i a r

    a n d r e l a t a b l e e v e n w h e n i t i s d i s t a n t f r o m o n e s o w n

    w a y o f t h i n k i n g . T h e a r t i s l i k e a b l e e v e n i f t h e s u b j e c t

    m a t t e r i s d i s t u r b i n g . I t g a v e t h e f l y e r s a s t r i k i n g q u a l i t y

    t h a t m a d e t h e m s t a n d o u t a n d m e m o r a b l e .

    P e t t i b o n s a r t i s a k e y c o m p o n e n t o f t h e f l y e r s , b u t

    a c c e s s i n g h i s a r t c o u l d p r o d u c e v e r y d i f f e r e n t r e s u l t s .

    B y F e b r u a r y 1 9 8 0 , K e i t h M o r r i s s n e w b a n d , t h e C i r c l e

    J e r k s , w a s p l a y i n g s h o w s t h a t w e r e p r o m o t e d b y

    n u m b e r e d f l y e r s f e a t u r i n g P e t t i b o n s a r t . A n y o n e

    s e e i n g t h e n u m b e r e d C i r c l e J e r k s a n d B l a c k F l a g

    f l y e r s f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e w o u l d t h i n k t h a t t h e y c o n t a i n

    t h e w o r k o f t w o c o m p l e t e l y d i f f e r e n t a r t i s t s .

    2 3

  • The flyers are different because the two bands are sodifferent. According to Keith:

    What set us apart from Black Flag is that we were notas aggressive. We were not as angry... The thing withBlack Flag was that it was so incendiary, so in yourface, so explosive... Whereas the Circle Jerks, wewanted it to be a party. We wanted everybody to have agood time and get laid.2

    ~. % ~ II

    There were 8 Circle Jerks flyers with Pettibon art. The first six were numbered, followed by this one.The last flyer with Pettibon art was for an August 1980 show with the Dead Kennedys.

    24

  • CE

  • T h e i m a g e s c h o s e n f o r t h e C i r c l e J e r k s f l y e r s a r e m o r e

    b a s e d i n h u m o u r a n d s a r c a s m . T h o s e d r a w i n g s h a d a

    c l o s e r a f f i n i t y t o t h e m a n d d i d n o t d u p l i c a t e t h e l o o k

    a n d f e e l o f B l a c k F l a g s f l y e r s . T h i s u n d e r s c o r e s t h e

    i m p o r t a n c e o f a r t s e l e c t i o n . A d r a w i n g h a d t o b e v e r y

    c a r e f u l l y c h o s e n f r o m P e t t i b o n s c a c h e o f a r t w o r k i n

    o r d e r t o c r e a t e a B l a c k F l a g f l y e r .

    N e w P e t t i b o n a r t b e g a n t o a p p e a r o n B l a c k F l a g f l y e r s

    i n A p r i l , 1 9 8 0 . T h e s e c o n d f l y e r w i t h n e w a r t w a s f o r

    t h e 1 2 A p r i l 1 9 8 0 s h o w a t B e r k e l e y S q u a r e . T h e

    o r i g i n a l a r t s h o w s t h e w o r d M A L A I S E w r i t t e n i n t o t h e

    l e f t f o r e a r m b y a r a z o r b e i n g h e l d i n t h e r i g h t h a n d . T h e

    c a p t i o n M A L A I S E ! ! ! i m p l i e s t h a t t h e i n s c r i p t i o n o f

    t h e t h r e e e x c l a m a t i o n p o i n t s r e m a i n , a n d w i l l r e s u l t i n

    s u i c i d e . T h e i m a g e a n d c a p t i o n a r e s o s i m p l e a n d

    d i r e c t , a n d s o p e r f e c t . T h e r e i s n t a n y t h i n g t h a t

    P e t t i b o n c o u l d h a v e d o n e t o m a k e i t b e t t e r .

    H e p u b l i s h e d t h e d r a w i n g i n h i s 1 9 8 2 b o o k , M y

    S t r u g g l e f o r L i f e A f t e r D e a t h . B e y o n d t h a t , t h e d r a w i n g

    n e v e r l e f t t h e a r t w o r l d . I t h a s m a i n t a i n e d a s t a t i c

    e x i s t e n c e , e x p e r i e n c e d o n l y b y t h o s e w h o a l r e a d y l i k e

    P e t t i b o n s w o r k .

    A s a f l y e r , h o w e v e r , t h i s d r a w i n g s p i t s f i r e . M o s t

    a d v e r t i z i n g d e p i c t s b e a u t i f u l p e o p l e e n j o y i n g l i f e .

    P o s t i n g t h e M a l a i s e i m a g e i n a p u b l i c f o r u m p i e r c e s

    t h r o u g h t h i s f a k e v e n e e r o f h a p p i n e s s a n d w e l l b e i n g .

    I t f o r c e s p e o p l e t o c o n f r o n t a d i f f e r e n t p o i n t o f v i e w .

    C o n t e x t g i v e s t h e a r t m e a n i n g i t o t h e r w i s e d i d n t h a v e .

    S o m e t h i n g w a s g a i n e d b y c o n v e r t i n g i t i n t o a f l y e r .

    A w h o l e n e w w o r k o f a r t w a s b o r n .

    2 5

  • THE CLASSIC ERA(April 1980 to December 1981)

    The flyers have taken on a life of their own. Thousandsof Black Flag flyer images are posted on the internet.Collectors routinely search for original flyers on eBay.They are more widely known now than ever before.This interest is largely based on the continuous, anduninterrupted string of incredible flyers from theClassic era. Every single one is great. Many are iconic.Looking back on it now, this was an incredible timewhen Pettibon and Chuck could do no wrong.

    26

  • T w o m a i n f a c t o r s a l l o w e d t h i s g o l d e n a g e t o h a p p e n .

    T o b e g i n w i t h , P e t t i b o n s a r t c h a n g e d . H i s v e r y e a r l y

    d r a w i n g s w e r e m o r e d e t a i l e d . O v e r t i m e h i s s t y l e

    b e c a m e c l e a n e r a n d m o r e p r e c i s e . T h e s e c h a n g e s

    m a d e t h e a r t m o r e d i r e c t a n d i n t e n s i f i e d t h e i m p a c t .

    T h i s w a s i d e a l f o r t h e f l y e r s b e c a u s e t h e y w e r e b e t t e r

    a b l e t o g r a b s o m e o n e s a t t e n t i o n .

    T h e s e c o n d f a c t o r w a s C h u c k s l a y o u t . H e p u t t o g e t h e r

    v i r t u a l l y e v e r y f l y e r d u r i n g t h i s p e r i o d . A s p r e v i o u s l y

    s e e n w i t h t h e M A L A I S E ! f l y e r , h e a p p l i e d t h e l e t t e r i n g

    i n a w a y t h a t d i d n o t i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e i m a g e . E v e n

    w h e n u s i n g h u g e , e y e c a t c h i n g l e t t e r s t o p r o m o t e t h e

    b a n d , h e t u r n e d a n i m a g e i n t o a f l y e r w i t h o u t

    d i m i n i s h i n g i t s p o w e r . H i s c l e a r a n d c a r e f u l l a y o u t , a n d

    h i s d a r i n g p l a c e m e n t o f l e t t e r i n g c r e a t e d t h e d y n a m i c

    l o o k o f a c l a s s i c B l a c k F l a g f l y e r t h a t n o o n e e v e r

    d u p l i c a t e d . T h i s b e c o m e s m o r e o b v i o u s w h e n o t h e r

    p e o p l e b e c a m e m o r e i n v o l v e d i n l a y i n g o u t t h e f l y e r s

    i n l a t e 1 9 8 1 .

    6 J u n e 1 9 8 0 , T h e J u m p e r

    A b i k e r s t a n d s o n t h e l e d g e o f a b u i l d i n g , s t a r i n g d o w n

    a t t h e s t r e e t . H e p a y s n o a t t e n t i o n t o a p r i e s t a n d a

    p o l i c e o f f i c e r . T h e c a p t i o n : I n e v e r w a n t t o d i e .

    C o l l e c t o r s r e f e r t o t h i s f l y e r a s t h e J u m p e r b u t t h e

    c a p t i o n d o e s n o t c l e a r l y i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e b i k e r h a s a

    s u i c i d a l i n t e n t i o n . I t s m o r e l i k e l y t h a t h e s e n g a g e d i n

    t h e r e c k l e s s p u r s u i t o f t h r i l l s , b e y o n d t h e r e l i g i o n a n d

    l a w t h a t h e i g n o r e s . O n a m e t a p h o r i c a l l e v e l , t h e

    d r a w i n g c o u l d a l s o r e p r e s e n t a n a r t i s t d e s t r o y i n g

    t h e m s e l v e s t o a c h i e v e i m m o r t a l i t y t h r o u g h t h e i r a r t .

    E i t h e r w a y , h i s b e r - c o o l t w o t o n e m o t o r c y c l e j a c k e t

    w i l l e n s u r e t h a t p e o p l e c a n s e e h i m i f h e f a l l s .

    2 7

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  • T h e O r i g i n a l B l a c k F l a g a t t h e t o p o f t h e f l y e r r e f e r s

    t o t h e o r i g i n a l l i n e - u p w i t h K e i t h M o r r i s . H e s a n g f o r

    B l a c k F l a g a t t h i s s h o w . J u s t a f e w w e e k s e a r l i e r ,

    K e i t h s r e p l a c e m e n t , R o n R e y e s , h a d q u i t t h e b a n d .

    T h e f l y e r i s u n u s u a l i n t h a t i t a p p e a r s h a s t i l y p u t

    t o g e t h e r , p e r h a p s j u s t b e f o r e t h e s h o w . T h e r e s a f a i r

    b i t o f s p a c e b e t w e e n t h e l e t t e r s a n d t h e e d g e o f t h e

    p a p e r t h a t t h e l e t t e r s w e r e p r i n t e d o n b e f o r e b e i n g

    p a s t e d o n t o t h e a r t w o r k . C h u c k n o r m a l l y c u t t h e p a p e r

    m u c h c l o s e r a n d n e a t e r t o t h e e d g e o f t h e l e t t e r s .

    T h i s i s t h e f i r s t o f t h e c l a s s i c f o u r f l y e r s t h a t a r e

    i l l u s t r a t e d o n t h e b a c k o f t h e E v e r y t h i n g W e n t B l a c k

    a l b u m c o v e r . T h e y w e r e p u t t h e r e t o e x e m p l i f y t h e

    f l y e r s , a n d e v e r s i n c e , h a v e b e c o m e t h e m o s t i c o n i c o f

    B l a c k F l a g s f l y e r s .

    1 7 A u g u s t 1 9 8 0 , T i m e S t a n d s S t i l l

    T h i s i s t h e f i r s t s e r i e s o f t h e m e d f l y e r s . F r o m A u g u s t

    t o N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 0 , P e t t i b o n r e c o m m e n d e d a r t w o r k

    t h a t p r e s e n t e d a t h e m e o v e r t h e c o u r s e o f t w o o r m o r e

    f l y e r s . T h e r e a r e a t l e a s t f o u r s e r i e s o f t h e m e d f l y e r s .

    T h i s f i r s t s e r i e s c o n s i s t s o f f o u r q u a r t e r s i z e d f l y e r s f o r

    a s h o w i n V a n c o u v e r . T h e c a p t i o n f o r e a c h f l y e r i s

    . . . t i m e s t a n d s s t i l l . . . T h e f i r s t d r a w i n g s h o w s a m a n

    a n d a w o m a n i n a r o m a n t i c e m b r a c e . T h e s e c o n d

    d r a w i n g s h o w s t h a t s a m e m a n s i t t i n g a l o n e i n a r o o m .

    H e i s s h i r t l e s s , w e a r i n g o n l y p a n t s a n d s o c k s . H i s

    a r m s a r e c r o s s e d . A f r a m e d p h o t o o f t h e w o m a n i s

    s e e n o n t h e s i d e t a b l e .

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  • T h e t h i r d d r a w i n g s h o w s a e u p h o r i c h e r o i n u s e r w h o

    h a s j u s t s h o t u p . T h e f i n a l d r a w i n g s h o w s t h a t s a m e

    p e r s o n s i t t i n g i n j a i l , h i s a r m s c r o s s e d . T h e b e a d s o f

    s w e a t o n h i s f o r e h e a d s u g g e s t t h a t h e i s e x p e r i e n c i n g

    w i t h d r a w a l .

    T h e t w o s c e n a r i o s j u x t a p o s e t h e h i g h s a n d l o w s o f

    l o v e a n d d r u g u s e , i m p l y i n g t h a t b e i n g r o m a n t i c a l l y

    a t t a c h e d t o s o m e o n e i s l i k e a n a r c o t i c , I t d e l i v e r s a n

    i l l u s o r y , t r a n s i e n t j o y w h i c h i s e q u a l l y c a p a b l e o f

    i n f l i c t i n g t e r r i b l e m i s e r y . T h e l o n e l i n e s s a n d i s o l a t i o n

    t h a t t h e m a n e n d u r e s w h e n h e i s n o t w i t h t h e w o m a n i s

    l i k e n e d t o h e r o i n w i t h d r a w a l i n j a i l .

    1 9 S e p t e m b e r 1 9 8 0 , E v e r y t h i n g W e n t B l a c k

    A h e d g e t r i m m e r i s h e l d o p e n b y t w o h a n d s . T h e

    c a p t i o n : E v e r y t h i n g w e n t b l a c k .

    T h i s f l y e r d e p i c t s t h e t h r e a t o f t h e u n k n o w n . A n

    u n s e e n a t t a c k e r u s e s h e d g e t r i m m e r s t o i n f l i c t h a r m .

    D i d h e u s e t h e m t o c u t t h e p o w e r t o t h e l i g h t s ? D i d h e

    u s e t h e m t o a t t a c k t h e v i c t i m ? N o n e o f t h i s i s c l e a r .

    S y m b o l i c a l l y , t h e h e d g e t r i m m e r s f o r m a g i a n t X t h a t

    c r o s s o u t a n d n e g a t e e v e r y t h i n g . T h i s i s t h e m o s t

    t h r e a t e n i n g o f B l a c k F l a g s f l y e r s . T h i s i s a l s o t h e

    s e c o n d o f t h e c l a s s i c f o u r .

    3 O c t o b e r 1 9 8 0 , P a t t y H e a r s t

    S a n F r a n c i s c o s o w n P a t t y H e a r s t a p p e a r e d i n a b r i e f

    s e r i e s o f t w o f l y e r s f o r s h o w s i n t h e G o l d e n G a t e C i t y .

    P e t t i b o n e x p l a i n e d h o w h i s i n t e r e s t i n H e a r s t s t e m s

    f r o m t h e h y p o c r i s y o f h e r r a d i c a l i d e a l s :

    2 9

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  • A lot of the best humor, whether its the Three Stoogesor Moliere, is about someone who is really strident orpretentious. The SLA and a lot of political groups fromthe 60s and 70sto any time periodare so stridentand theyre so full of their own righteousness for themoment. Inevitably, a year laterlike, in Pattys case,she went from being a debutante to an urban guerillaand then back again, where she married her ownbodyguard.21

    The image lampoons Hearst by depicting her with herbodyguard husband, two kids and a radical family dog.

    8 October 1980, The First Creepy Crawl FlyerThe third and best known series of themed flyers.It was based on the Charles Mansons family. CreepyCrawl was a term they used to describe the missionswhere they broke into homes and burglarized them asthe occupants slept. Black Flag had their own creepycrawl concept. As Chuck explained:

    Creepy Crawl is fear. Fear is a real strong emotion inpeople. It goes both ways. When you go into asituation, you experience it, and the whole idea is toRIDE it--to use the adrenalin you get from that anddirect it. And that within yourself is part of the CreepyCrawl. What you do to other people with it is makethem feel this experience of fear. You threaten a lot oftheir values, and the potential for something to happenthat they dont understand, or they dont have controlof in their existing mental framework, makes it usefulto throw them off balance and thus open people up towhere you dont have as prejudiced an attitude.22

    30

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  • The creepy crawl concept acknowledged how the bandfelt when confronted with hostility. Rather than submitto fear, they immersed themselves in it to challengethe outside world, to make others fearful, and to nullifythe prejudice they faced.At that time, Manson was the most hated and fearedman in America. Placing him in a banal conversationabout behaving himself at a party amplified theominous presence of his image because it minimizedthe terror that people felt in the wake of Helter Skelter.The threatening power of this, and most of the flyers,rests on inferences and not on graphic violence. Theseinferences were offensive to many, but were clever andfunny to the people who understood the humour.

    Unsettling the mainstream was typical behaviour forBlack Flag. But alienating the audience which theydworked so hard to build was unexpected. Manson wasassociated to the hippies. Black Flags punk audiencehated the hippies, and saw them as their antithesis.However, Chuck embraced the counterintuitive choiceof artwork, I didnt really like that flyer, but couldntreally help but think that it was challenging too. Thiswas the flyer for our first show in a bi~q, above groundvenue, and it had this long hair on it.2

    Looking back on it now, choosing this art was moreclosely aligned to the ideals of punk because it did notconform to the expectations of their audience. It wentagainst the grain and embodied the spirit of anarchythat Chuck had defined as a commitment to change.Being open to risk and to trying new things made thisflyer possible. It became the third of the classic fourand, arguably, Black Flags best known flyer.

    31

  • 1 8 N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 0 , T h e L a s t C r e e p y C r a w l F l y e r

    J e s u s n a i l s M a n s o n t o t h e c r o s s .

    T h i s i s t h e l a s t a n d t h e m o s t i n t e r e s t i n g o f t h e C r e e p y

    C r a w l f l y e r s . I t s b e t t e r u n d e r s t o o d a f t e r h e a r i n g f r o m

    P e t t i b o n o n w h y M a n s o n i n t e r e s t s h i m :

    M a n s o n i s s o m e o n e w h o s a n o r i g i n a l e x e g e s i s o f T h e

    B i b l e a n d T h e B e a t l e s . H e t a k e s t h i s b l a n k p i e c e o f

    w o r k , T h e W h i t e A l b u m , a n d b y t h e t i m e h e s t h r o u g h

    w i t h i t , i t s b l o o d r e d . H e s t a k i n g t h e s e R o c k l y r i c s a n d

    m a k i n g a p o c a l y p t i c i m p o r t a n c e o u t o f t h e m . T h e B i b l e

    a s w e l l , T h e B o o k O f R e v e l a t i o n s . . . e v e r y t h i n g s o p e n

    t o i n t e r p r e t a t i o n . T h a t s t h e w a y M a n s o n w o r k s a n d

    t h a t s w h y h e s a n i m p o r t a n t f i g u r e t o m e . 2 4

    M a n s o n p r e d i c t e d t h e a p o c a l y p s e t h r o u g h t h e B e a t l e s .

    H e r e v e a l e d t h i s v i s i o n t o h i s f a m i l y a n d t h e y k i l l e d t o

    m a k e i t t r u e . T h e y f e l l i n t o a n a l t e r n a t e r e a l i t y b e c a u s e

    t h e s t r e e t s m a r t a n d c h a r i s m a t i c M a n s o n d o m i n a t e d

    t h e i r m i n d s . H e w a s t h e i r M e s s i a h , a n e w J e s u s C h r i s t .

    T h i s m o m e n t w a s c a p t u r e d h e r e w i t h C h r i s t r e p l i c a t i n g

    h i m s e l f t h r o u g h M a n s o n .

    1 8 N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 0 , M i n d C o n t r o l

    T h e f i r s t f l y e r s h o w s a b a b y b r a n d e d o n t h e f o r e h e a d

    w i t h t h e l e t t e r A . T h e s e c o n d f l y e r s h o w s a n a n g r y

    o l d e r m a n w i t h d e v i l h o r n s u n d e r t h e c o n t r o l o f t h e

    p u p p e t s t r i n g s . T h e c a p t i o n o n t h e s e c o n d f l y e r : I t

    t e r r i f i e s m e t h a t p e o p l e t h i n k t h e y c a n g e t a w a y w i t h

    a n y t h i n g !

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  • T h e s e t w o a r e t h e l a s t o f t h e t h e m e d f l y e r s . T h e y a r e

    a l s o t h e l a s t B l a c k F l a g f l y e r s t h a t w e r e l a i d o u t b y

    P e t t i b o n . B o t h f l y e r s a r e a b o u t c o n t r o l .

    T h e b a b y s y m b o l i z e s h o w w e s t a r t o u t w i t h a c l e a n

    s l a t e t h a t i s e v e n t u a l l y f i l l e d w i t h a l l t h e t h i n g s w e

    l e a r n a s w e g r o w u p . T h i n g s l i k e r a c i s m , p r e j u d i c e , a n d

    m i s o g y n y a r e t a u g h t t o u s l e a v e a n u g l y m a r k , a s u g l y

    a s t h e A o n t h e b a b y s f o r e h e a d . A b r a n d i n g m a r k i s

    a s i g n o f o w n e r s h i p , o r i n t h i s c a s e , a s i g n o f

    i n d o c t r i n a t i o n . O n c e a b e l i e f s y s t e m i s p r o g r a m m e d

    i n t o a m i n d , t h e y b e l o n g t o t h a t g r o u p .

    T h e l e t t e r A i s l i k e l y a v e i l e d r e f e r e n c e t o t h e c i r c l e d

    A w h i c h i s t h e s y m b o l o f a n a r c h y i n p u n k c u l t u r e . I f

    s o , t h e f l y e r i s a b o u t y o u n g p e o p l e w h o b l i n d l y a c c e p t

    p u n k w i t h o u t e v e r q u e s t i o n i n g i t .

    T h e o t h e r f l y e r a p p e a r s t o b e a d i s t o r t e d i m a g e o f a

    c o n s e r v a t i v e , w i t h a n i n f a n t i l i z e d l a r g e h e a d a n d s m a l l

    b o d y . H i s d e v i l h o r n s i n d i c a t e t h a t h e i s i n h e r e n t l y e v i l .

    T h e p u p p e t s t r i n g s s h o w t h a t h e i s u n d e r t h e c o n t r o l o f

    o t h e r s . H e n e e d s t o r e s t r i c t p e o p l e b e c a u s e g r e a t e r

    f r e e d o m t e r r i f i e s h i m .

    I t w o u l d b e q u i t e e a s y , a l m o s t u n d e r s t a n d a b l e , i f a

    p u n k l a u g h e d a t t h i s d e h u m a n i z e d v i s i o n o f t h e

    e s t a b l i s h m e n t . B u t i f t h e y d o l a u g h , t h e n t h e y a r e

    b e i n g s u c k e d i n t o t h e p r o p a g a n d a . T h a t i s w h a t p a i r s

    t h i s f l y e r t o t h e p r e v i o u s o n e . A n i n d o c t r i n a t e d p e r s o n

    w h o q u e s t i o n s n o t h i n g w i l l a l s o b l i n d l y a c c e p t

    c a r i c a t u r e s o f t h e o t h e r s i d e . I n r e a l i t y , t h e u n e x a m i n e d

    l i f e o f a p u n k i s a s c o n t r o l l e d a n d m a n i p u l a t e d a s t h e

    c o n s e r v a t i v e s . H e i s , i n f a c t , a n o l d e r v e r s i o n o f t h e m .

    3 3

  • 6 & 7 January 1981, Taste the MomentA beer commercial slogan combined with a murderscene. My personal favourite.

    Pettibon downplays his significant role in creating theiconography of Black Flag. Part of the reason may berelated to the way his work was treated:

    To me my work was the equivalent of a band likeBlack Flag or any other band who was righteously self-protective of recordings. I would give them original artand it would come back to me scrawled upon andtaped over or whited out, and Id always ask nicely,Could you please make a copy of this first and then dothat? Their master tapes were deemed sacrosanct,while my work was seen as completely disposable. ,,25

    An example of the unsanctified treatment of his workis seen on the original art for this flyer. The photocannot be accurately reproduced here, but can be seenat http :Ilpettibon-e.tumbI r.com1image128380523373.

    Taste the moment was written on the original art.The words were then whited out or etched out and thisis obvious in the photo.

    11 February 1981, The Reality of EvilChuck chose the art and did the layout for this finalclassic four flyer.

    34

  • T A S T E T H E

    M O M E N T !

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    CLIMAX PRESENTS r

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    jEAR

    cIRCLE JERKSCHINA WHITEWEDNESDAY

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  • R a c i s m i s r a r e l y t h e s u b j e c t m a t t e r o f B l a c k F l a g s

    f l y e r s . I t d o e s a p p e a r h e r e , b u t i n a v e r y s u b t l e f o r m .

    L i k e m a n y P e t t i b o n s i m a g e s , t h e m e a n i n g i s n o t o v e r t .

    A t f a c e v a l u e , i t a p p e a r s t o b e a c o o l d e v i l h e a d .

    H o w e v e r , i t i s a c t u a l l y m e a n t t o b e a n e x a g g e r a t e d

    a n t i - S e m i t i c r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f a J e w i s h p e r s o n . T h i s i s

    t h e r e a l i t y o f w h a t e v i l l o o k s l i k e t o t h e r a c i s t .

    T h e o b t u s e n e s s o f t h i s f l y e r w a s d e m o n s t r a t e d i n 2 0 0 2

    o n t h e s h o r t l i v e d t e l e v i s i o n s e r i e s T h a t 8 0 s S h o w .

    A l a r g e a n d o b v i o u s h o m a g e o f t h i s f l y e r a p p e a r s i n

    t h e b a c k g r o u n d o f a s t r e e t s c e n e . A n a n t i - S e m i t i c

    i m a g e w o u l d n e v e r b e s h o w n o n a n e t w o r k s i t - c o r n .

    I t s m o r e l i k e l y t h a t t h e p r o d u c t i o n c r e w h a d n o i d e a

    a b o u t t h e t r u e n a t u r e o f t h e s o u r c e m a t e r i a l .

    S u m m e r 1 9 8 1 T o u r S c h e d u l e

    T h e l a s t o f t h r e e P e t t i b o n i l l u s t r a t e d t o u r s c h e d u l e s

    t h a t w e r e i s s u e d b y B l a c k F l a g d u r i n g t h e C l a s s i c e r a .

    P e t t i b o n m a d e d r a w i n g s t h a t t a r g e t e d E l v i s p e r s o n a .

    T h i s i m a g e , h o w e v e r , t a k e s a i m a t t h e f a n s . T h e

    c a p t i o n Y o u d i d n t J o v e h i m e n o u g h t o u c h e s o n t h e

    u n q u e s t i o n i n g c o m m i t m e n t o f h i s f o l l o w e r s . I f t h e y

    h a d o n l y b e e n m o r e t h a n a b s o l u t e l y d e v o t e d , t h e n h i s

    d e a t h w o u l d n o t h a v e o c c u r r e d . C r u c i f y i n g t h e f a t E l v i s

    p u t s h i m i n a n i d e a l i z e d c o n t e x t , s h o w i n g t h a t h e i s

    v e n e r a t e d n o m a t t e r w h a t t h e t r u t h m a y b e .

    3 1 O c t o b e r 1 9 8 1 , S u p e r m a n

    P e t t i b o n l i t e r a l l y p e e l s a w a y S u p e r m a n s g - r a t e d

    e x t e r i o r t o r e v e a l t h e t r u t h u n d e r n e a t h . I n t h e p r o c e s s ,

    h e h u m a n i z e s t h e M a n o f S t e e l m o r e t h a n D C c o m i c s

    e v e r c o u l d .

    3 5

  • ~fo V ,11~i LOVE H IM EN

    I scM~Y ~ - ~ C~4~iSr

    Julil 26 The Show~1ace,Dover,YJJU~L~ ZT IrviL.g P].aza,YYC,NIJULY 3 Si~on~ Dcwow~,~awtuckat,P~1JULt 4 PittsburY,PAJULY 8 City Gardene,Tre~.ton~NJJULY 9 The is-take,Cleaveland,0EJULY 10 The Star1ite,PhiIad.e1phia,~AJULY 11 The Paradise~Bosto~,UAJULY12 a Paradiae,all agesJULY 12 ~1Th1~T1 Club ya~ia,MAJULY 13 Agoi~a,Eew 8aven,CYJULY 14 Clutch Cargo,Let~oit,M1JULY 15 Tuts9Cbichago,IL

    ,~* JULY 16 ~LerU~s,Madizo~,WIJULY 17 Starsbip ,Milwakee,~IJULY 18 7th Street Exit,lLiiiea;o1is~~1XJULY 20 Salt Lake City,U!I~JULY 28 Destinations,0k1aho~ia City,OKJULY 29,30 B0D.go SyUys,Tulsa,OKJULY 31 Duke ,AuatiL.,TXAUGUST 2 Agoura,Ec>u~tou,TIAUGUST 3 Bata~ Ro~ge,L~1/ AUGUST 8 Agoura,Atlawta,GAAUGUST 10 Agoiira,Ta~a,?LAUGUST 13 930 Club, ~iaehi~gtou,DCAUGUST 14 City Ga~dena, Tr~tor~JAUGUST 15 East Side Clth,Thi.ladelphia,PAAUGUST 20 Rahars ,~crhha~tou,~iiAUGUST 21 Bastcu,~AAUGUST 22 Irving Plaza,IYC,i1I

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    bI~~ ofcs1e~iv~.L~*~ 4~aCe H-, in #Afuh, r~ yov wofl# b~~J,)e1o hAYeak,if5,r~1e VflIeSf yOav~r tke ci~ ~*~e6e~c#0-~f P~15,b~

  • O v e r k i l l

    S A T O C T 3 1

    a t t h e E l i t e C l u b r :

  • POST CLASSIC ERA(1982-1983)

    If the Classic Era was a celebration of amazing art,then the Post Classic Era was the hangover thatfollowed. Its not that the flyers are terrible. Some greatimages and interesting flyers were made after 1981.However, the flyers spiralled away from the heavy vibethat had previously challenged the world with aweinspiring art. They began to look different. Everythinghad changed.

    36

  • O n e o f t h e c h a n g e s w a s t h a t C h u c k d i d n t a l w a y s

    m a k e t h e f l y e r s . T h i s d u t y w a s t a k e n u p b y o t h e r

    p e o p l e w h o w o r k e d w i t h t h e b a n d , i n c l u d i n g J o e

    C a r d u c c i , M u g g e r , a n d D a v e C l a a s s e n . 2 6 A d d i n g o t h e r s

    t o t h e m i x d i l u t e d a p r e v i o u s l y c o n s i s t e n t a e s t h e t i c . I t

    c h a n g e d h o w t h e f l y e r s l o o k e d . T h i s i s o b v i o u s i n t h e

    H a t e f u l W h o r e f l y e r .

    5 M a r c h 1 9 8 2 , T h e H a t e f u l W h o r e

    T h e a r t i s b a s e d o n a r e a l l i f e i n c i d e n t w h e r e a m a n c u t

    o f f t h e a r m s o f h i s s p o u s e a n d t h e n w e n t t o j a i l . L o c a l s

    w e r e s o u p s e t b y t h i s f l y e r , t h a t t h e y p r e s s u r e d t h e

    p r o m o t e r t o c a n c e l t h e s h o w . T h e b a n d a g r e e d t o

    c h a n g e t h e f l y e r a n d t h e s h o w w a s a l l o w e d t o p r o c e e d .

    T h e a r t i s p r o v o c a t i v e a n d t h e s a t i r i c a l c a p t i o n i s r a z o r

    s h a r p . B u t t h e l a y o u t i s n o t w e l l e x e c u t e d . T h e w h i t e

    s p a c e a r o u n d t h e w o r d s i s d i s t r a c t i n g . T h e b a r s a r e

    n o t a l i g n e d w i t h t h e n a m e o f t h e b a n d . T h e d a t e o f t h e

    s h o w i s m i s s i n g .

    T h e l a y o u t i s a m e s s . B u t e v e n i f i t w a s t e c h n i c a l l y

    p e r f e c t , i t s t i l l w o u l d n t l o o k l i k e a c l a s s i c B l a c k F l a g

    f l y e r . I t w a s C h u c k s a e s t h e t i c s e n s i b i l i t y t h a t c r e a t e d

    t h e l o o k o f t h e c l a s s i c f l y e r s . O t h e r s m a y h a v e t r i e d ,

    b u t n o o n e w a s e v e r a b l e t o d u p l i c a t e i t .

    T h e f l y e r s a l s o c h a n g e d b e c a u s e R a y m o n d P e t t i b o n s

    a r t c h a n g e d . I t b e c a m e l o o s e r a n d m o r e c e r e b r a l .

    H e c o n t i n u e d t o e x p l o r e m a n y o f t h e s a m e t h e m e s a s

    b e f o r e , b u t i n a d i f f e r e n t w a y . H i s n e w a r t d i d n o t h a v e

    t h e s a m e i m m e d i a t e i m p a c t a s b e f o r e . T h e n e w i m a g e s

    s i m p l y d i d n o t w o r k a s w e l l f o r f l y e r s .

    3 7

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  • T h e b i g g e s t c h a n g e , h o w e v e r , w a s i n P e t t i b o n s

    r e l a t i o n s h i p t o B l a c k F l a g . D u r i n g t h e c l a s s i c e r a , h e

    w a s f u l l y e n g a g e d i n t h e p r o c e s s o f s e l e c t i n g

    d a n g e r o u s a r t t h a t a n t a g o n i z e d t h e o u t s i d e w o r l d . B y

    1 9 8 2 , h e w a s a n t a g o n i z i n g t h e b a n d .

    A c c o r d i n g t o H e n r y R o l l i n s , B l a c k F l a g s f i n a l s i n g e r ,

    F o r m o s t o f t h e t i m e I w a s i n B l a c k F l a g , R a y s b a s i c

    p o s t u r e w i t h u s w a s l i k e . . . ( r a i s e s m i d d l e f i n g e r t o t h e

    c a m e r a ) . 2 7

    1 7 J u l y 1 9 8 2 , R o l l e r D e r b y

    P e t t i b o n p o k e s f u n a t t h e m e n a c i n g p r e s e n c e o f B l a c k

    F l a g t h a t h e h a d h e l p e d t o c r e a t e . H e d e p i c t s t h e m a s

    a n a f f a b l e , h a p p y g o l u c k y t e a m .

    P e t t i b o n w a s n o l o n g e r i n t e r e s t e d i n c o l l a b o r a t i n g w i t h

    t h e b a n d , a n d i n s t e a d , f r u s t r a t e d t h e i r a t t e m p t s t o u s e

    h i s a r t . I f y o u n o t i c e , H e n r y m u s e s , t h e r e i s a s o l i d

    y e a r o f B l a c k F l a g f l y e r s w i t h n o t h i n g b u t e r e c t

    p e n i s e s . 2 8 I t w o u l d n o t h a v e b e e n p o s s i b l e t o

    c a r e f u l l y c h o o s e d r a w i n g s f o r B l a c k F l a g f l y e r s w h e n

    t h e a r t s e l e c t i o n w a s b e i n g l i m i t e d t o p h a l l i c i m a g e s .

    1 1 J u n e 1 9 8 3 , A n g e l D u s t

    C h u c k m a d e t h i s f l y e r . T h e p o w e r o f t h e d r a w i n g

    s h i n e s t h r o u g h t h e c o m p l e x m i x t u r e o f s m a l l a n d h u g e

    l e t t e r s t h a t h e s k i l f u l l y l a i d o u t .

    T h i s w a s t h e l a s t f l y e r t h a t c o m m u n i c a t e d t h e h e a v y

    v i b e o f t h e b a n d . I t d o e s a g r e a t j o b . . . e v e n t o t h i s d a y .

    W h i l e p h o t o c o p y i n g t h e p r o t o t y p e o f t h i s z i n e , a r e a l

    e s t a t e a g e n t a t t h e c o p i e r b e s i d e m e n o t i c e d t h i s

    i m a g e . S h e q u i c k l y g a t h e r e d h e r t h i n g s a n d l e f t .

    3 8

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  • Chuck always felt that Pettibons work as an integralpart of Black Flag. He incorporated the art wheneverhe could, even when doing so caused some friction.According to Chuck, Greg (Ginn) had wanted to moveaway from the art flyers in favour of strong bold legiblefrom a distance type.29 His departure from Black Flagin the fall of 1983 brought an end to the use of originalPettibon art for individual flyers.

    Black Flag continued to promote shows with flyers,but the only Pettibon art they used came from theiralbum covers. This was likely done to promote therecord at the same time as the show. It was amarketing technique. It wasnt art.

    The one exception was when Black Flag played withthe Ramones on 17 November 1984. This was the lasttime Pettibon drawings were specifically chosen forflyers.3 The moon punk drawing is a great image butthe lettering and layout are sloppy. It was aninauspicious end to what was probably the greatestrun of art flyers for any single band.

    39

  • 4 -

    D O O R S O P E N

    A T 7 p m

    a n d M I N U T E M E N

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    P A L A D I ( J M

    S A T N O V 1 7

  • EPILOGUE

    The flyers fell into obscurity after Black Flagdisbanded. For the most part, they were put in storageby the few people who appreciated them. That is wherethey stayed until the rise of the internet which allowedisolated people to connect and discuss their nicheinterests. That was the start. A more powerful mediumwould eventually shine a brighter light onto the flyers.

    40

  • A t o n e t i m e , i t w a s a l m o s t i m p o s s i b l e t o a c q u i r e

    A m e r i c a n p u n k c o l l e c t a b l e s . A M i s f i t s s i n g l e m i g h t

    a p p e a r i n G o l d m i n e . L o c a l r e c o r d s t o r e s , i f t h e y w e r e

    h i p t o t h e m u s i c , o c c a s i o n a l l y h a d a n o r i g i n a l p r e s s i n g

    o f M i n o r T h r e a t s f i r s t s i n g l e . B u t f o r t h e m o s t p a r t ,

    c o l l e c t i n g w a s a c h a l l e n g e .

    A l l t h a t c h a n g e d i n t h e l a t e 1 9 9 0 s w i t h e B a y .

    L e g e n d a r y r a r i t i e s , l i k e t h e N e c r o s f i r s t s i n g l e ( o n l y

    1 0 0 p r e s s e d ) w e r e s u d d e n l y a v a i l a b l e . C o l l e c t o r s w e n t

    c r a z y b u y i n g u p a l l t h e i m p o s s i b l y r a r e r e c o r d s .

    E v e n t u a l l y , p u n k f l y e r s s t a r t e d t o a p p e a r o n e B a y . T h i s

    w a s t h e f i r s t r e a l o p p o r t u n i t y , a f t e r t h e f a c t , t o c o l l e c t

    t h e f l y e r s . 3 1 B y t h e 1 9 9 8 p u n k c l o s e t s w e r e b e i n g f l u n g

    w i d e o p e n t o s a t i s f y a n i n s a t i a b l e m e m o r a b i l i a l u s t .

    T h e 1 9 9 9 p u b l i c a t i o n o f t h e b o o k F u c k e d U p a n d

    P h o t o c o p i e d a l s o b r o u g h t g r e a t e r a t t e n t i o n t o t h e

    f l y e r s o f B l a c k F l a g . I t d o c u m e n t e d t h e e a r l y f l y e r a r t

    t h a t c a m e o u t o f A m e r i c a s p u n k c o m m u n i t y . B e f o r e

    t h i s b o o k , t h e r e w a s n o p l a c e t o g o a n d s u r v e y t h e

    i n c r e d i b l e v a r i e t y o f e v e r y t h i n g t h a t h a d b e e n c r e a t e d .

    T h i s b o o k a l s o b r o u g h t a r t i s t i c c r e d i b i l i t y t o t h e f l y e r s .

    S e e i n g i t a l l a t o n c e u n d e r s c o r e d h o w t h e a r t i s t i c m e r i t

    o f t h i s w o r k h a d p r e v i o u s l y b e e n o v e r l o o k e d .

    T h e p r o f i l e o f t h e f l y e r s h a s a l s o b e e n h e l p e d b y

    R a y m o n d P e t t i b o n s s u c c e s s a s a n a r t i s t . H e i s h i g h l y

    r e g a r d e d i n t h e a r t w o r l d b u t t h e f l y e r s d o n o t g e t a l o t

    o f r e s p e c t . T h e y r e v i e w e d a s a m e r e f o o t n o t e i n h i s

    p r o l i f i c c a r e e r . T h e s p e c t a c u l a r a d v e r t i z i n g a r t t h a t h e

    c r e a t e d c o n t i n u e s t o b e i g n o r e d .

    4 1

  • Virtually every single Black Flag flyer can now befound somewhere on the internet. The art and themusic continue to resonate with a new generation thatwasnt even born when the work was being created.Unfortunately, a book that compiles every flyer inchronological order has yet to be written and probablynever will. There is too much acrimony among theprinciple players and not enough momentum to makeit happen. In a way, however, it doesnt really matter.After all these years of collecting, nothing haschanged. I remain fascinated by the mystique of theflyers and continue to search out their untold story.

    42

  • E N D N O T E S

    G r e g G i n n , R i p p e r 3 , S e p t e m b e r 1 9 8 0

    2 D u k o w s k i , e - m a i l 1 1 D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 2

    D u k o w s k i , e - m a i l 2 7 J a n u a r y 2 0 1 3

    ~ R a y m o n d P e t t i b o n , i n t e r v i e w i n B o m b s i t e i s s u e 6 9 , 1 9 9 9

    D u k o w s k i , I n t e r v i e w w i t h M a r k P r i n d l e , 2 0 0 7 , w w w . m a r k p r i n d l e . c o m

    6 D u k o w s k i , R i p p e r 3 , S e p t e m b e r 1 9 8 0

    ~ D u k o w s k i , e - m a i l 1 1 D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 2

    8 D u k o w s k i , e - m a i l 1 1 D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 2

    ~ D u k o w s k i , q u o t e d i n S t e w a r t D e a n E b e r s o l e s b o o k B a r r e d f o r L i f e , 2 0 1 3

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