Khalid A. MemonCEO, Aquaculture Technologieswww.aquatechpk.com

Aquaculture ConsultantsFreshwater, Brackishwater & Marine Farming

• Costal Shrimp Culture

• Coastal Land Based & Cage Finfish Culture

• Inland Low Salinity Shrimp & Finfish Culture

Sustainable Marine & Brackishwater Aquaculture

Shrimp & Finfish Farming

Marine Shrimp & Finfish Farming

Conventional Marine Shrimp Culture

Marine Shrimp & Finfish Farming

Marine Finfish Cage Culture

Biofloc Technology in Shrimp Culture

• Open Lined / Cemented Ponds• Indoor Tanks / Covered Ponds

Inland Low Salinity Groundwater Aquaculture

• Open Ponds• Indoor Tanks

Old IdeasProven Developments in Aquaculture

Cultured & Experimental Species

• Pacific White Shrimp - Litopenaeus vannamei

• Gilthead sea bream - Sparus aurata

• Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus)

• Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

• Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)

• Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

• Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

• Black Tiger Shrimp and Banana (monodon & merguiensis)

Biofloc Technology Simplified

Conventional Intensified Culture Systems:

• Intensive farming requires more supplementary protein feedresulting in environmental pollution

• This pollution is caused by dead algae, excessive uneaten feeds, fish and shrimp excreta and other organic matter

• Deteriorates water quality

• Increases risk of disease outbreaks

• Contributes to nitrogen pollution in the culture system released inthe form of ammonia and nitrite

• Ammonia and nitrite are toxic to cultured animals

• High levels of ammonia effect growth and moulting in shellfish

• High oxygen consumption results in fish shrimp mortalities

• Intensive farming requires frequent water exchanges

Biofloc Technology Simplified

Biofloc Technology Systems (BFT):

• BFT helps in solving culture water and feed problems.• When carbon is added, nitrogen compounds combine with it to

produce flocs of protein molecules.• These molecules form a floating mass called bioflocs which are

dominated by bacteria.• The production of microbial biomass, are used by the culture

species as additional high protein source.• The bacteria take up ammonium from the water to produce

microbial protein.• BFT removes ammonia-nitrogen from the water.• BFT creates additional feed for the shrimp thus reducing feed

inputs but increasing production due to higher rate of stocking.

Biofloc Technology Basics

1. SPF Post larvae2. HDPE lined ponds3. Sludge removal (requires less water)4. Control inlet & discharge gates (no leakages)5. Clean pond & equipment6. Screen & treat water7. Correct aeration system & Paddle wheel position in ponds8. High aeration –28 to 32 HP/ha PWAs9. Grain (pellet)10. Molasses 11. Crab Fence & Bird scare lines12. Control workers , visitors & their movement

Benefits of Biofloc Culture System

• Limited or zero water exchange

• Higher bio-security

• Environmentally friendly system

• Reduction of nutrient rich effluent discharge

• Protein reuse (Higher efficiency up to 45%)

• Cost-effective ( Grain based pellet feeds)

• Full control of toxic nitrogen compound such as ammoniaand nitrites

• High Production 6 – 12 MT /acre/crop

Thai Tilapia BFT

Inland Low Salinity Groundwater Aquaculture

Advantages of inland saline aquaculture include:

• Use of unproductive land without sweet water source

• Use of high volume unexploited saline groundwater that

is presently considered a waste stream

• Potential for commercial production of a highly

marketable product

• Faster fish growth due to constant elevated water

temperatures

• Improved feed management and food conversion

efficiencies

• Biosecure water supply and ability to manage

environmental impacts (such as water and nutrients)

Desert Shrimp Farm Arizona USA

COMPARISON OF WATER CHEMISTRY FROM ARIZONA SHRIMP FARM VS. HUB AREA

COMPONENT (mg/l)

SEA WATER (www.)

DILUTE SEA WATER (Calc.)

Arizona Shrimp

Co. (Lab & Boyd)

HUB AREABaluchistan

Salinity (ppt) 35.0 4.5 7.4 6.9

pH 8.2 ND 7.6 8.0

Alkalinity 125.0 ND 220.0 152.0

Cl (Chloride) 19,400.0 2,494.3 3,223.0 2,836.8

Na (Sodium) 10,500.0 1,350.0 2,595.0 1,561.7

SO4 (Sulphate) 2,740.0 352.3 2,313.0 1,485.1

Mg (Magnesium) 1,272.0 163.5 222.0 291.8

Ca (Calcium) 400.0 51.4 497.0 440

K (Potassium) 380.0 48.9 15.2 3.1

K/Cl Factor 0.0196 0.0196 0.0047 0.001

For K/Cl Factor of 0.0100,

K should beNA NA 32.2 28.4

Grams of KCl to be added

per 1,000 liters of new

water

None None 34.1 50.8

L. vannamei Shrimp Culture Probability at HUB Baluchistan

1. Feed: Feed cost constitutes about 50-60% of the total farm cost.Availability of locally produced feed can be overcome by producingfloating and sinking feeds on site. Several low cost options arenow available. Extruder equipment costing hundred thousanddollars a few years ago, is now available at a fraction of the cost.

Limitations Overcome

Limitations Overcome

2. Seed: Farms around the world are switching over to culturing

the Pacific White Shrimp L vannamei and trials conducted inSindh have been successful and acceptable by local processors.

• Slow growth syndrome – emerging problem in Penaeus monodon

• Availability of vannamei shrimp Specific Pathogen Free SPF & CPF

• High tolerance to salinity levels 1 – 40 ppt

• Stocking rates of up to 150 m²

• Grows as fast as tiger shrimp

• Vannamei is easier to breed and has excellent qualities

• Better survival rates as against monodon and indicus

• Market acceptability is very good.

Limitations Overcome

P. Monodon vs. L. vannamei

Limitations

3. Government Assistance

• Governmental and fisheries agencies to allocate suitable

land for shrimp farming.

• Fisheries Department to provide shrimp seed including

vannamei

• Governmental and fisheries agencies should offer incentives

to farmers and potential investors

• Lease of land at reasonable rates under a Land Grant Policy

• Soft Loans, income and profit tax rebates

• Assistance with collective infrastructure such as roads,

electricity, water channels, bunds and drainage.

THANK YOU

Khalid A. MemonCEO, Aquaculture Technologieswww.aquatechpk.com