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Automatic programming tool(APT) is the most
powerful, comprehensive and universal geometric
processor language.
NC languages are broadly divided into three groups:
Machine tool oriented
APT like
Special Types
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Machine tool Oriented system
These are generally developed by the machine tool manufactures
for
generating NC tapes to be used for their machine tool.
These systems are normally single pass tape preparation system
with
no post processors.
The examples of such languages are SPLIT (Standard
Processing
Languages Internally Translated), which is used for standard
machine
tool.
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APT Like systems:
Since APT is the most powerful, comprehensive and universal
geometric
processor language used all over the world by a large number of
companies.
The basic advantages of the APT system is the versatility with
which even
complicated geometrical configurations of workpieces can be
described.
Often, this versatility of the system becomes a great
disadvantage particularly to
be used for a class of components of for a particular type of
machine tool.
To alleviate these disadvantages, the other system have been
developed
such as NELAPT,UNIAPT, EXAPT,IFAPT, ADAPT,etc.
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In the following, some features of these languages which are
differentfrom APT are discussed.
NELAPT:
NELAPT developed by the National Engineering Laboratory, UK is
a
subset of APT with a few advanced features not available in
APT.
Vocabulary of NELAPT is same as APT.
C for CIRCLE
V for VECTOR
GB for GOBACK
YS for YSMALL
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The storage requirements for the complete NELAPT system is 40k
words (24 bites length)
EXAPT:
The most important development of APT is probably EXAPT
(Extended subset of APT).
One of the basic specifications for the EXAPT system was that
the
language is to be both geometrically and technologically
oriented and task for the machine tool is simplified.
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Further ,three versions of EXAPT are available:
EXAPT-1: For positioning machines, such as drilling.
EXAPT-2: For turning centers. EXAPT-3: For milling operations
for straight line and continuous
path control system.
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The complete APT programming consist of the following fourtypes
of statement :
Geometry
Motion
Post Processor
Compilation Control
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The point geometry is normally broken into a number of
surface
elements that could be defined from the data given in a part
print.
In this section, we would discussed the geometrical definition
which
are more generally used.
With these geometrical definitions ,it is possible to define
most of
the parts except for the very complex ones.
Before we discussed the geometric definition it is pertinent
to
explain some convention that are followed in presenting
theinformation in the definitions.
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For each of the definitions the general form is presented in
which
the following rules are observed:
I. The symbol in lower case letters underlined represents the
surface
type specified,
II. A symbol in lower case letter without underline represent a
scalar,
III. The word shown in the upper case letters are the MINOR
keywords,And
IV. All possible modifier are presented one below the other
enclosed
by an opening brace from among which only one appropriate
for
the definition is to be selected.
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GEOMETIC COMMANDS:
o POINT
o LINE
o CIRCLE
o PLANE
o VECTOR
o PATTERN
o SPHEREo GCONIC
o TABCYL
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LINES:Syntax : =LINE/.
Lines do not have a direction and are ofinfinite length. Lines
must not beperpendicular to the XY plane. Lines areplanes
perpendicular to the XY plane.
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CIRCLES:Syntax: =CIRCLE/
A circle is always considered as a circularcylinder
perpendicular to the XY plane ofinfinite height.The radius value
must not benegative.
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These statements governs the motion control of the machine
and
defines the tool path as per the geometry defined.The syntax of
APT Motion statement is :
Major Word / Minor Word , ScalarThe Desired path of the
3-dimensional cuting tool is described bymeans of three
intersecting surfaces.
