Apply Its_Middle School Physical Science - Mastery Assess It_8

10/20/2016 Apply Its_Middle School Physical Science Mastery Assess It_8

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Mastery Assess It 8

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1. Which statement about a satellite orbiting Earth is true?

a. The mass of the satellite increases as its distance from Earth increases.

b. The weight of the satellite is the same in orbit as on the surface of Earth.

c. The density of the satellite decreases as its distance from Earth increases.

d. The gravity exerted on the satellite is lower in orbit than on the surface of Earth.

2. In the diagrams the arrows represent forces exerted on the boxes. Which diagram represents a box that will remain stationary?

a.

b.

c.

d.

© Copyright 2016. Lincoln Learning Solutions. All rights reserved Author: Lincoln Learning Solutions



3. A ball moving horizontally strikes a solid wall and bounces away from the wall. Make a sketch to illustrate the magnitude and directions of theforces applied during the collision.

Rubric:Max Score Description

Max Score Description

2

: 2point response: The response shows both of the following:• A force applied to the ball by the wall AND a force applied to the wallby the ball in the opposite direction.• The lengths of the force arrows are the same, indicating equal magnitude of the forces. 1pointresponse: The response correctly illustrates only one of the components of a 2point response. 0point response: The response shows nounderstanding of the task/problem.

Total: 2

4. If a ball in motion collides with another ball at rest, what will happen if the balls have the same amount of mass?

a. The ball in motion will collide with the ball at rest and both balls will now travel at equal speed. Think about balls on a pool table. What happens when the cue ball hits another ball?b. The ball in motion will not affect the ball at rest.

Think about balls on a pool table. What happens when the cue ball hits another ball?c. The ball in motion is left with zero momentum because its momentum has been transferred to the ball at rest.

Correct! d. None of the answers listed are correct.

Think about balls on a pool table. What happens when the cue ball hits another ball? There is one correct answer listed.

5. Tisa and Lily ran a race in gym class. Lily was off balance so she did not start until 2 seconds had passed.

What were the average speeds of the two runners during the periods in which they were actually running? (Note: Lily did not start running untiltime = 2 s.)

a. Tisa: 7.5 m/s; Lily: 7.5 m/s

b. Tisa: 6.0 m/s; Lily: 6.0 m/s

c. Tisa: 7.5 m/s; Lily: 6.0 m/s

d. Tisa: 6.0 m/s; Lily: 7.5 m/s



6. If a book sitting on a flat table starts to move horizontally, it is MOST likely moving because

a. an unbalanced force is being applied.

b. a frictional force is being exerted.

c. a gravitational force is being exerted.

d. a balanced force is being applied.

7. If a ball rolls at a constant rate on a flat surface, the motion is due to

a. frictional forces.

b. balanced forces.

c. gravitational forces.

d. electromagnetic forces.

8. Marcus pushes against a refrigerator with a force of 300 newtons (N) to the right. Kelli pushes against the refrigerator with a force of 360 N to theleft.

How much additional force could Marcus apply in order to overcome the force applied by Kelli?

a. 660 N to the left

b. 60 N to the right

c. 65 N to the right

d. 365 N to the left

9. Choose the best description of Newton's First Law of Motion.

a. This law states that an object in motion will stay in motion until a force makes it stop. It also explains that an object at rest will stay at rest until aforce makes it move. Correct! Objects at motion stay in motion, and objects at rest stay at rest, unless an external force is applied.b. Objects of different masses will accelerate at varying speeds.

This explanation does not represent Newton's First Law of Motion.c. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

This explanation does not represent Newton's First Law of Motion.d. All of the choices listed are correct.

Great effort, but there are incorrect choices listed above.

10. Two forces act on a block as shown in the picture.

What is the net force on the block?

a. 10 N to the right

b. 10 N to the left

c. 30 N to the left

d. 30 N to the right



11. Eight students ran a 180meter course during their physical education class. The chart shows the time it took each student to complete the course.

180Meter Course Completion TimesStudent Time (s)

1 30

2 32

3 33

4 35

5 37

6 38

7 40

8 45

How much faster was the average speed for Student 1 than the average speed for Student 8?

a. 6 m/s

b. 2 m/s

c. 15 m/s

d. 4 m/s

12. A 6.0 kg bowling ball traveling at 2 m/s strikes a 1.5 kg bowling pin. Describe and compare the forces that act on the bowling ball and the bowlingpin during the collision.



2

: 2point response: The response includes all of the following points: •The bowling ball exerts a force on the bowling pin and thebowling pin exerts a force on the bowling ball. •The forces act in opposite directions. •The forces have equal magnitude. 1pointresponse: The response identifies that the forces operate in opposite directions OR that the forces have equal magnitude. 0pointresponse: The response shows no understanding of the task/problem.

Total: 2



13. A drill head attached to an arm on an automated tool moved from a starting point, traveling in a straight line at different speeds and thenreturning to the starting point at different speeds.

During which time period was the drill head moving fastest?

a. 4–6 seconds

b. 0–2 seconds

c. 3–4 seconds

d. 2–3 seconds

14. Which of the following is NOT a unit used to measure distance?

a. liter You are correct! The liter is a unit used to measure volume, not distance!b. kilometer

Great effort, but the kilometer is used to measure large distances. c. meter

Great effort, but the meter is used to measure distance!d. centimeter

Great effort, but the centimeter is a unit used to measure distance!

15. Which of the following is not a contribution to science made by Isaac Newton?

a. The Law of General Relativity

You are correct! This law was discovered by Albert Einstein, a very famous scientist who developed this law based on the work of Newton, butmuch later.

b. Laws of Motion Great effort, but Newton discovered and wrote out the three laws of motion!c. The Law of Universal Gravitation

Great effort, but Newton indeed discovered the Law of Universal Gravitation!d. The First Law of Motion

Great effort, but the First Law of Motion, also known as The Law of Inertia, was indeed one of Newton's discoveries!

16. A bowling ball sitting motionless on a table exerts a downward force on the table. The force exerted by the table must be

a. greater than the force of the ball.

b. less than the force of the ball.

c. equal to the force of the ball.

d. continually changing with the ball.



17. This graph shows the motion of an object as it moves away from a point and then back to its starting point.

Which graph shows the total distance traveled by the object?

a.

b.

c.



d.

18. If a ball with twice the mass of another bumps into the ball at rest, what will happen? Select all that apply.

a. The collision will cause the heavier ball to slow down but not stop. This answer is correct, but is it the only one?b. The collision will cause the ball at rest to move if there is no friction.

This answer is correct, but is it the only one?c. The collision will cause the heavier ball to stop.

Remember, greater mass = greater force!

19. Angela blows air into a balloon and holds the end of it closed with her fingers. When she lets go of the end of the balloon, Angela observes that therelease of the air propels the balloon.

The propelling of the balloon from the release of the air is an example of which of Newton’s laws?

a. An object in motion tends to stay in motion unless an unbalanced force acts upon it.

b. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

c. A force of attraction exists between any two objects with mass.

d. The force of an object is the product of its mass multiplied by its acceleration.

20. A car travels for 1 hour. The car traveled 60 miles in all. How fast did it travel if it traveled at the same rate of speed for the entire hour?

a. 30 m/hr

Remember, miles per hour = miles hours.

b. 60 m/hr

Correct! 60 miles 1 hour = 60 miles per hour.

c. 20 m/hr


d. 40 m/hr


21. A car in motion will keep moving until a force is applied, such as the brakes. This is an example of which of Newton's laws of motion?

a. Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Great effort, but Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation defines the force of attraction between objects. b. Newton's Third Law of Motion

Great effort, but Newton's Third Law of Motion states that for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. c. Newton's First Law of Motion, also known as The Law of Inertia

You are correct! An object resists change in motion, which is Newton's First Law of Motion, also known as The Law of Inertia!d. Newtons Second Law of Motion

Great effort, but Newton's Second Law of Motion states that the force required for movement is Mass X Acceleration, which is Newtons SecondLaw.



22. At Time 1, a force of F1 is applied to the left side of a block. The block moves to the right with a constant acceleration. Then at Time 2, a smallerforce, F2, is applied to the right side of the block while F1 is still being applied.

What will MOST likely happen to the block at Time 2?

a. It will accelerate to the right at a faster rate.

b. It will continue to accelerate to the right at a slower rate.

c. It will stop completely.

d. It will begin to accelerate to the left.

23. Choose the best description of Newton's Third Law of Motion.

a. Objects of different masses will accelerate at varying speeds. This is not an accurate description of Newton's Third Law of Motion.b. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Correct! Newton's 3rd Law states that "for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction."

c. This law states that an object in motion will stay in motion until a force makes it stop. It also explains that an object will stay at rest until a forcemakes it move. This is not an accurate description of Newton's Third Law of Motion.d. All of the answers listed above are correct.

Great effort, but there are incorrect answers listed.



24. The diagram shows a ball rolling across the floor.

Which graph would represent the ball if it were moving at a constant velocity in a positive direction?

a.

b.

c.

d.



25. A toy robot moved from a starting point, traveling in a straight line at different speeds and then turning around and returning to the startingpoint at different speeds.

What is the total distance that the toy robot traveled?

a. 24 m

b. 48 m

c. 96 m

d. 12 m

26. The diagram shows forces acting on a ball at the same time.

Which arrow BEST shows the direction that the ball will move?

a.

b.

c.

d.



27. This is a graph of the motion of a small boat traveling at a constant speed.

How far will the boat travel in 15 hours?

a. 15 km

b. 30 km

c. 10 km

d. 25 km

28. Which of the following units of measure is improperly expressed?

a. Distance is measured in meters, m. Distance is measured in meters.b. Speed is measured in meters per second, m/s.

Speed is measured in meters per second.c. Force is measured in newtons, N.

Force is indeed measured in newtons (kg x m/s/s).d. Acceleration is measured in meters per second, m/s.

Correct! Acceleration is measured in m/s/s. Therefore, this answer is improperly expressed.

29. Alesia is taking an allday ride on her bicycle. The graph shows how far she is from home at different times during her ride.

During which time period is Alesia moving fastest?

a. 0–1 hours

b. 3–4 hours

c. 6–7 hours

d. 4–5 hours



30. The illustration below shows forces acting on a box.

What is the net force on the box if the sliding friction between the box and the floor is 5N?

a. zero net force

b. 8N to the right

c. 13N to the right

d. 5N to the left

31. The picture shows a crosscountry skier.

What causes the skier to move forward?

a. The skier leans his body forward.

b. The skier’s arms move backward.

c. The skier’s legs move forward over the snow.

d. The skier pushes the poles against the snow.

32. A ladybug traveled from Point 1 to Point 2 as shown in the picture. It took the ladybug 5 seconds (s) to travel 0.10 meters (m).

At what speed was the ladybug traveling from Point 1 to Point 2?

a. 0.50 m/s

b. 50.0 m/s

c. 0.10 m/s

d. 0.02 m/s

33. Choose the best description of Newton's Second Law of Motion.

a. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. This is not an accurate description of Newton's Second Law of Motion.b. Objects of different masses will accelerate at varying speeds.

Correct! Force equals mass x acceleration, according to Newton's second law.

c. This law states that an object in motion will stay in motion until a force makes it stop. It also explains that an object will stay at rest until a forcemakes it move. This is not an accurate description of Newton's Second Law of Motion.d. All of the choices listed are correct.

There are incorrect choices listed.



34. The drawing represents a mountain bike trail.

A bike rider began at Point 1 on the trail and ended at Point 4.

• Describe the change in kinetic energy from Point 1 to Point 2.

• Describe the change in potential energy from Point 1 to Point 2.



2

: 2point response:The response includes both of the following:• As the rider moves from Point 1 to Point 2, the kinetic energydecreases.• As the rider moves from Point 1 to Point 2, the potential energy increases. 1point response:The response includes onlyone correct component of a 2point response. 0point response:The response shows no understanding of the task/problem. Bpointresponse:Blank response, no attempt to answer

Total: 2

35. Car A is traveling toward the east and collides with Car B, which is traveling toward the west. The mass of Car A is 1.5 times the mass of Car B.Compare the strengths and directions of the forces that act on the two cars during the collision.



2

: 2point response: The response includes both of the following points:• The forces acting on the two cars are equal in strength.• Theforce acting on Car A is toward the west and the force acting on Car B is toward the east OR the forces acting on the cars are inopposite directions. 1point response: The response correctly states only one of the components of a 2point response. 0pointresponse: The response shows no understanding of the task/problem.

Total: 2

36. Which characteristic would MOST affect the acceleration of an object?

a. the texture

b. the volume

c. the mass

d. the speed



37. A student pushes a box with a force of 15 newtons (N) to make it slide across the floor. Once the box starts moving, a frictional force of 5 N actsupon it.

If the student continues to push the box with a force of 15 N, what will happen to the box?

a. The box will move forward at a steady speed.

b. The box will move forward at an increasing speed.

c. The box will stop moving forward.

d. The box will move forward at a decreased speed.

38. The forces that act on an airplane as it flies are shown in the diagram.

If the airplane is moving forward through the air, which statement describes how one of the forces acting on the airplane has been overcome?

a. The weight force has overcome the lift force.

b. The drag force has overcome the weight force.

c. The lift force has overcome the drag force.

d. The thrust force has overcome the drag force.

39. A smooth card is placed over a drinking glass. A penny is placed in the middle of the card. When the card is hit with the index finger, the cardmoves away, and the penny drops into the glass.

Which statement BEST explains why the penny does not move in the same direction as the card?

a. There is an absence of friction between the penny and the card.

b. The penny has more inertia than the card.

c. The card exerts too much force on the penny.

d. There is a little gravity between the card and the penny.



40. Mac and Janelle found a plate of cookies waiting on the center of the square kitchen table when they got home. Each of them reached for the platefrom opposite side of the table. Both of them grabbed the plate at the same time.

If Mac pulled with a force of 18 newtons (N) and Janelle pulled with a force of 20 newtons (N), which correctly describes the forces applied to theplate of cookies?

a. The net force applied to the plate of cookies is 2 newtons (N).

b. The forces applied to the plate of cookies are balanced.

c. The forces are equal and opposite in direction.

d. The net force applied to the plate of cookies is 38 newtons (N).

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Apply Its_Middle School Physical Science - Mastery Assess It_8