Apply Its_Middle School Physical Science - Mastery Assess It_10

10/20/2016 Apply Its_Middle School Physical Science Mastery Assess It_10

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Mastery Assess It 10

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1. If a baseball is thrown into a window and the window breaks, the window breaks because of which form of energy?

a. potential energy Great effort, but potential energy is not an energy of motion. b. kinetic energy

You are correct! The energy of motion, called kinetic energy, is the reason the baseball breaks the window!

2. This graph shows how a delivery truck traveled in one workday.

How far did the truck travel from hour 4 to hour 5 of its delivery schedule?

a. 0 km

b. 100 km

c. 150 km

d. 50 km

© Copyright 2016. Lincoln Learning Solutions. All rights reserved Author: Lincoln Learning Solutions



3. Two sailboats are moving as shown in the graph below.

Which statement is correct based on the data in the graph?

a. Boat B traveled for a longer time than Boat A.

b. Boat B traveled faster than Boat A.

c. Boat A traveled for a longer time than Boat B.

d. Boat A traveled faster than Boat B.

4. Jane made this graph of the distance her family traveled during a trip.

How far did they travel during the first 2 hours of the trip?

a. 350 km

b. 200 km

c. 100 km

d. 50 km

5. Joelle noticed that when she uses the brakes on her bicycle while she is traveling at a slow speed, she stops moving immediately. When she is ridingmuch faster, it takes more time for the bike to come to a stop after she applies the brakes. Which is the BEST explanation for this observation?

a. There is more friction between the bike and the ground when the bike is moving slower.

b. Moving at higher speeds increases the mass of the bike so it requires more energy to stop its motion.

c. The brakes are designed to be used at low speeds.

d. Joelle and her bike have more kinetic energy at higher speeds.



6. When a space shuttle orbits Earth and returns home, a force opposes its motion. What is the source of the opposing force?

a. friction from the atmosphere

b. gravity from Earth

c. the velocity of the shuttle

d. the mass of the shuttle

7. Choose the best definition for kinetic energy:

a. Energy in motion Correct! Kinetic energy is energy in motion.b. Energy that is stored up.

Great effort, but this is a good definition for potential energy.c. Energy in the form of heat.

Great effort, but this is good definition for thermal energy.d. None of the choices listed are the best definition for kinetic energy.

Great effort, but one of the options above is correct.

8. Rodger pushes his skateboard across a sidewalk.

If the sidewalk is level, which would MOST likely make the skateboard lose its kinetic energy?

a. heat

b. temperature

c. magnetism

d. friction

9. What is one way land helps reduce the force of a hurricane as it moves inland?

a. Land acts as a bumpy surface that absorbs wind power.

b. Land filters the water forced up from the sea by the wind.

c. Land stabilizes the sediment forced on shore.

d. Land absorbs the rainwater.



10. This graph shows how far a runner is at different times during a race.

During what part of the trip did the runner move the fastest?

a. 70 min to 80 min

b. 40 min to 60 min

c. 0 min to 10 min

d. 10 min to 30 min

11. During class the teacher showed an enlarged image of a small piece of sidewalk. The students saw that the sidewalk was rougher than they hadpreviously thought.

Which effect would the rough surface have on a box that is pulled along the sidewalk?

a. It would help reduce the force of gravity when the box is pulled.

b. It would reduce the amount of work that is performed when pulling the box.

c. It would oppose the force that is being applied to the box when it is pulled.

d. It would decrease the resistance between the forces that are pulling the box.

12. The arrows indicate the direction a 40mileperhour wind is blowing. Which shows the wind direction that would slow a moving car the MOST?

a.

b.

c.

d.



13. Kinetic energy is measured in which unit?

a. Centimeters The centimeter is a measure of distance.b. Joules

Correct! Joules measure kinetic energy.c. Inches

The inch is a measure of distanced. Kilometers

The kilometer is a measure of distance.

14. A young boy is shown swinging over the water.

Identify at least two types of friction that will have an effect on his speed. In your explanation, be sure to include the objects and motions thatcreate friction.

Rubric:Max Score Description

Max Score Description

2

2Point : 2point response: The response includes all of the following or similar responses:• Friction from the rope rubbing against thetree will cause the boy to slow down.• Friction from the air resistance will also cause the boy to slow down. 1 point response: Theresponse includes only one of the components of a 2point response. 0point response: The response shows no understanding of thetask/problem

Total: 2



15. How will increasing the mass and velocity of an object affect its kinetic energy?

a. The amount of kinetic energy will decrease Remember the formula for kinetic energy. What will happen if the speed/velocity and the mass are increased?b. The amount of kinetic energy will increase.

Correct! The kinetic energy will increase if the mass and/or velocity is increased.c. The amount of kinetic energy will not change.

Remember the formula for kinetic energy. What will happen if the speed/velocity and the mass are increased?d. None of the answers listed is correct.

There is one correct answer listed.

16. Which choice describes stored up energy?

a. Potential energy Correct! Potential energy is stored energy.b. Thermal energy

Thermal energy is heat energy.c. Kinetic energy

Kinetic energy is working energy.d. Electrical energy

Electrical energy is energy supplied by electricity.

17. A skateboarder runs for a few steps and then jumps on his skateboard. His initial applied energy carries him across a level surface for about 30seconds. The skater notices that he has skated a long time without ever having to push off the ground again.

What allows the skateboarder to move so long without pushing?

a. There is little friction between wheels and surface.

b. Gravity does not act on the skater and board.

c. The texture of the skating surface is very rough.

d. Momentum increases as the length of time increases.



18. What is the correct meaning of the term velocity?

a. The amount of distance divided by the amount of time.

Great effort, but this is the correct definition of speed. Remember, speed and velocity are not the same. Velocity also includes an indication ofdirection, while speed does not.

b. The amount of time divided by the amount of distance. Great effort, but velocity is calculated by dividing distance by time and specifying a direction of movement. c. Speed in a particular direction

Correct! Velocity is speed in a specific direction!d. None of the above

Great effort, but there is one correct answer listed.

19. Brittany pedaled her bicycle quickly on a level surface. When she stopped pedaling and coasted, the bicycle slowed and came to a stop. Whathappened to the energy of the moving bicycle as it coasted to a stop?

a. It was reabsorbed into Brittany’s muscles.

b. It was transferred to the air in the form of visible light.

c. It was transferred to heat due to friction.

d. It was stored in the bicycle wheels as potential energy.



20. Which graph correctly shows the relationship between the mass of a moving object and the kinetic energy of the object, assuming that the speed isconstant?

a.

b.

c.

d.

21. The law of conservation of energy is a fundamental physics concept and states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed fromone form into another or transferred from one object to another.

a. True You are correct! According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy can neither be created nor destroyed!b. False

Great effort, but the statement is true. Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.



22. Which of the following is an example of potential energy?

a. An plane flying through the air Great effort, but kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and the plane flying is in motion, which is an example of kinetic energy. b. A car moving down the road

Great effort, but kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and the car moving down the road is in motion, which is an example of kinetic energy. c. A rock sitting on top of a hill

You are correct! The rock is not moving, but it has the potential to!d. A ball being thrown through the air

Great effort, but kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and the ball moving is an example of kinetic energy.

23. An engineer builds a model of a machine pivot. Instead of the two parts of the pivot directly touching one another, they have ball bearingsbetween them.

As an indication of the amount of friction in the pivot, what should the engineer measure?

a. the temperature increase in the ball bearings when the pivot rotates

b. the radius of the ball bearings before the pivot has been used

c. the increase in mass of the ball bearings when the pivot rotates

d. the number of ball bearings remaining after the pivot has been used

24. Engineers studying the effects of collisions on automobile frames observed that a collision between a car and a steel post caused a small amount ofdamage when the car was moving at 2.0 m/s but significant damage when the car was moving at 10 m/s. What change in the collision explains thedifference in damage to the car?

a. There was more friction between the car and the post at the higher speed.

b. The collision took more time when the car was moving slower so there was less damage.

c. The amount of energy that the post could absorb decreased when the car was moving faster.

d. The car that was moving faster had more kinetic energy.

25. What are the two factors that directly determine the amount of kinetic energy that an object has?

a. Velocity and Density Great effort, but density does not directly influence kinetic energy.

b. Mass and Volume Great effort, but volume does not directly influence kinetic energy.

c. Mass and Velocity Correct! The mass and the velocity are the two factors that directly determine the energy.d. Velocity and Volume

Great effort, but volume does not directly influence kinetic energy.



26. Which of the following is NOT one of the three fundamental elements of work?

a. potential energy You are correct! Potential energy is an energy based on the "potential" of movement. b. force

Great effort, but this is a fundamental element of work. c. movement

Great effort, but this is a fundamental element of work. d. movement caused by force

Great effort, but this is a fundamental element of work.

27. A baseball player swings his bat and hits a ball along the ground. After some time, the ball rolls to a stop on the level playing field.

What MOST likely causes the ball to stop moving?

a. a gravitational force

b. a frictional force

c. the mass of the ball

d. the size of the bat

28. The mass of the basketball shown below is 4 times the mass of the baseball.

If the two balls are moving at the same speed, and the basketball and the baseball has a kinetic energy of 10.0 J, what is the kinetic energy of thebasketball?

a. 20.0 J

b. 2.5 J

c. 10.0 J

d. 5.0 J

29. A car runs out of fuel while traveling on a level road and eventually comes to a stop. Which of the following BEST explains why the car stops?

a. The amount of useful energy increased.

b. The amount of kinetic energy increased.

c. Some of the energy of the car was destroyed.

d. Some of the energy of the car was lost to friction.



30. If speed is calculated by the amount of distance divided by the amount of time, what is the speed of a ball that rolls 1 mile in 1 hour?

a. 1 mile per minute Great effort but speed = distance / time, thus 1 mile / 1 hour = 1 mile per hour

b. 1 mile per hour Correct! 1/1 = 1 mile per hourc. 5 miles per hour

Great effort but speed = distance / time, thus 1 mile / 1 hour = 1 mile per hour

d. 10 miles per hour Great effort but speed = distance / time, thus 1 mile / 1 hour = 1 mile per hour

31. What are the two primary ways in which heat is transferred?

a. Conduction and Convection You are correct! Conduction involves the transfer of heat through direct contact and convection involves the movement of heat through air!b. Conduction and radiation

Great effort, but radiation is a way in which energy is transferred, not just heat. c. Convection and temperature

Great effort, but temperature is a measurement of the vibration of molecules in matter, not how heat is transferred. d. Temperature and conduction

Great effort, but temperature is a measurement of heat, not a way in which it is transferred.

32. A group of students built a ramp and rolled steel balls of different sizes down the ramp onto the floor. Then they measured how far each ballrolled from the bottom of the ramp.

Ramp Experiment ResultsMass of Steel Ball Distance Rolled

5.3 grams 1.2 meters




Which statement correctly explains the differences in the distances that the balls rolled?

a. Velocity increased as mass increased.

b. Acceleration increased as mass increased.

c. Friction increased as mass increased.

d. Kinetic energy increased as mass increased.



33. A bus moves down the street at a rate of 500 meters per minute for 5 minutes. Which graph shows the motion of the bus?

a.

b.

c.

d.



34. A toy car starts at the top of a ramp, rolls down and slows to a stop.

Which acts MOST to bring the car to a stop?

a. wind speed

b. magnetism

c. friction

d. electrical force

35. This graph shows the motion of a bus for 5 minutes.

How far did the bus travel in 4 minutes?

a. 2000 m

b. 1000 m

c. 500 m

d. 800 m



36. When a golf ball is dropped into a tray of wet sand, it sinks into the sand and leaves an indentation. The table shows the depth of indentation inthe sand when the same golf ball was dropped from various heights.

Golf Ball Experiment ResultsHeight of Dropped Ball Depth of Indentation in Sand

0.5 meter 0.2 centimeter

1.0 meter 0.5 centimeter

1.5 meters 0.9 centimeter

2.0 meters 1.6 centimeters

Which of these is the BEST explanation for the recorded results?

a. The amount of moisture in the sand decreased due to evaporation during the experiment.

b. The ball began to accelerate after it had fallen about 1 meter from where it was dropped.

c. The kinetic energy of the ball increased as the speed of its fall increased.

d. The ball moved a random amount of sand each time it hit, causing the depth of the indentation to vary.

37. What is the correct formula that is used to compute kinetic energy?

a.

Great effort, but is should be 1 / 2 m x

b.

Good work! This is the correct formula for kinetic energy.

c.

Great effort, but is should be volume squared, or

d. None of the formulas are correct? Great effort, but the correct formula is listed.

38. Machines are often full of moving parts that rub against each other. In machines, a lubricant such as oil is often applied to these moving parts.Why is this oil necessary?

a. to provide an additional source of energy

b. to enhance the effectiveness of friction

c. to produce more thermal energy on the machine

d. to increase the efficiency of the machine

39. A ball rolls across the floor and slows down to a stop. Which force caused the ball to slow down?

a. gravity

b. magnetic

c. friction

d. inertia

40. Working energy is also known as:

a. Kinetic energy Correct! Kinetic energy is known as working energy.b. Potential energy

Great effort, but potential energy is stored energy.c. Thermal energy

Great effort, but thermal energy is heat energy.d. Electromagnetic energy

Great effort, but electromagnetic energy is solar energy.

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Apply Its_Middle School Physical Science - Mastery Assess It_10