Apply Its_Middle School Physical Science - Mastery Assess It_12

10/20/2016 Apply Its_Middle School Physical Science Mastery Assess It_12

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Mastery Assess It 12

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1. Students were investigating thermal energy. They put a metal spoon in the freezer. They put hot water in a beaker and measured the watertemperature. They removed the spoon from the freezer and put it in the beaker. After 10 minutes, the students measured the water temperatureagain and touched the spoon. The data are shown in the table.

Student InvestigationStart of

Investigation After 10 Minutes

Watertemperature

(°C)

Feel ofspoon

Watertemperature

(°C)

Feel ofspoon

43 Cold 41 Warm

Which BEST describes how the thermal energy in the water and in the spoon changed during the investigation?

a. The water lost thermal energy, and the spoon gained thermal energy.

b. The water and the spoon both gained thermal energy.

c. The water and the spoon both lost thermal energy.

d. The water gained thermal energy, and the spoon lost thermal energy.

© Copyright 2016. Lincoln Learning Solutions. All rights reserved Author: Lincoln Learning Solutions



2. Belinda investigated the reaction that occurred when two effervescent tablets were put into a beaker containing 100 mL of water. She observedthat the tablets fizzed and released gas bubbles. The tablets dissolved. The temperature of the water went from 22°C to 19°C.

Which is the BEST conclusion for this experiment?

a. The energy conversion that occurred in this beaker involved the nuclei of the atoms of the tablets.

b. A physical change occurred when the tablets dissolved in the water.

c. An endothermic reaction occurred because heat energy was absorbed from the water.

d. The gas came from boiling water in the beaker.

3. Anita heats a beaker containing water. As the temperature of the water increases, which change to the water molecules occurs?

a. The molecules move at a faster rate.

b. The molecules separate into atoms of hydrogen and oxygen.

c. The molecules become more massive.

d. The molecules expand and become wider.

4. A type of cold pack has two separate sections inside. One section contains a liquid and the other section contains a powder. When the cold pack issqueezed, the section that holds the liquid breaks. When the liquid combines with the powder, the pack becomes very cold.

Which is the BEST explanation why the temperature of the pack decreases when the liquid and powder combine?

a. A solution forms.

b. Thermal energy is used.

c. A chemical change occurs.

d. A mixture forms.

5. Which statement is incorrect?

a. A banana has potential energy. Great effort, but the statement is true. All matter has potential energy.b. Solar energy is used to operate calculators.

Great effort, but some calculators do indeed use solar energy.c. Batteries in a remote control change chemical energy into electrical energy.

Great effort, but his is a correct statement. The chemical reaction that takes place inside of a battery creates electrical energy.d. An example of mechanical energy is when water builds up behind a dam.

Good job! The statement is false. Mechanical energy involves moving parts, not storing energy.



6. Which example will take the longest time to cool?

a. A piece of rubber that weights .75 grams It takes larger objects (or more massive objects) longer to cool off.b. A piece of rubber that weighs .25 grams

It takes larger objects (or more massive objects) longer to cool off.c. A piece of rubber that weighs 1 gram

Correct! This option has the most mass, so it will take the longest to coold. A piece of rubber that weighs 5 grams

It takes larger objects (or more massive objects) longer to cool off.

7. Which is a form of energy that is caused by movement of atoms and molecules in a substance?

a. heat

b. radiant

c. temperature

d. solar

8. A student is mixing a cup of hot chocolate with a spoon. How is the heat transferred between the hot chocolate and the part of the spoon that is inthe hot chocolate?

a. Convection transfers energy from the spoon to the hot chocolate.

b. Conduction transfers energy from the spoon to the hot chocolate.

c. Convection transfers energy from the hot chocolate to the spoon.

d. Conduction transfers energy from the hot chocolate to the spoon.

9. In a science lab, you are provided with the following tools and materials:

Several 250 mL beakersThermometersLiquid waterCrushed iceGraduated cylinderBalance

Write a stepbystep plan for an investigation to determine whether the mass of material involved in a transfer of thermal energy is related to thetotal amount of thermal energy transferred. Indicate what equipment you will use in each step.

Rubric:Max Score Description

Max Score Description

4

: 4point response: The response is a stepwise procedure similar to this example: 1.Measure 150 mL of liquid water into each of threebeakers using the graduated cylinder. 2.Measure the temperature of the liquid water in each beaker with a thermometer. Record thetemperatures. 3.Weigh 10 g of ice and add to the first beaker; 20 g of ice to the second beaker; 30 g of ice to the third beaker. 4.Observeeach beaker to determine when the ice has completely melted. 5.Record the liquid water temperature in each beaker after the ice hasmelted using a thermometer. 6.Compare the temperatures of the water in the beakers. 7.Analyze the data and develop a conclusionbased on the data. 3point response: Misses a significant step of the procedure. 2point response: Misses two significant steps of theprocedure. 1point response: Identifies using different amounts of ice in each beaker but provides no details. 0point response: Theresponse shows no understanding of the task/problem.

Total: 4



10. A block of wood and a block of steel of equal mass are placed on a sunny window sill. After a period of time the steel feels warmer than the wood.Why is the temperature of the two materials different?



2

: 2point response:The response includes both of the following points: •Sunlight provides energy that is converted to thermal energyin the materials. •More energy is required to raise the temperature of wood than to raise the temperature of an equal mass of steel ORWood has a higher specific heat capacity than steel. 1point response: Does not relate the temperature increase to an increase inthermal energy. 0point response: The response shows no understanding of the task/problem.

Total: 2

11. A thermometer is BEST used to measure

a. wind movement.

b. air pressure.

c. potential energy.

d. kinetic energy.

12. A student investigated the containers of water shown in the pictures below.

The student placed Container 1 in the middle of Container 2. The student measured the temperature of the water in each container after 30minutes. Which results MOST likely occurred?

a.Water in Container 1: 40°C Water in Container 2: 100°C

b. Water in Container 1: 70°C Water in Container 2: 30°C

c.Water in Container 1: 60°C Water in Container 2: 60°C

d.Water in Container 1: 20°C Water in Container 2: 20°C



13. Recall that the freezing point of water is 32 degrees Fahrenheit, and its boiling point is 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Which state of water would beobserved at a temperature of 48 degrees Fahrenheit?

a. solid

Great effort, but 46 degrees Fahrenheit is above water's freezing point, but below its boiling point. This means that water at this temperature wouldbe observed as a liquid.

b. gas


c. liquid

You are correct! 46 degrees Fahrenheit is above water's freezing point, but below its boiling point. This means that water at this temperature wouldbe observed as a liquid.

d. correct answer not shown


14. Hot objects begin to cool as

a. energy in the object cancel out energy in the air.

b. cooler air is transferred to the object.

c. energy in the object is transferred to the surrounding air.

d. atoms in the object react with the oxygen in the air.

15. An endothermic reaction is one where:

a. energy is released in the reaction Great effort, but in an endothermic reaction, heat is added and the energy is absorbed in the reaction.b. energy is removed and heat is released in the reaction

Great effort, but in an endothermic reaction, heat is added and the energy is absorbed in the reaction.c. heat is added and the energy is absorbed in the reaction

You are correct! An endothermic reaction is one where heat is added and the energy is absorbed in the reaction.d. heat is removed and the energy is released in the reaction

Great effort, but in an endothermic reaction, heat is added and the energy is absorbed in the reaction.

16. Why does an endothermic reaction feel cold to the touch?

a. because heat is being taken into the reaction You are correct! The reaction feels cold to the touch because heat is being absorbed by the reaction!b. because heat is being released

Great effort, but if heat was being released, the reaction would be hot to the touch. c. because temperature is being added to the reaction

Great effort, but temperature is a measurement of heat. d. because coldness is being added to the reaction

Great effort, but "coldness" cannot be added to a reaction.

17. , where C = specific heat, Q = amount of heat, M = mass of the sample, and ∆T = change in temperature. For example, if you know

that one gram of water has a specific heat of 1.0, and you apply 30,000 joules of heat, you have all of the information you need to figure out thechange in temperature. Use the formula to calculate the change in heat. Select the correct answer below:

a.

Great effort, but if you use the formula, you should get: 30,000 joules / 1 g x 1 = 30,000 degrees Celsius.

b.

Correct! You did the math perfectly! 30,000 joules / 1 g x 1 = 30,000 degrees Celsius.

c.


d.




18. Two beakers each hold 50 mL of water. The temperature of the water in Beaker A is measured as 25°C. The temperature of the water in Beaker Bis measured as 50°C. If the contents of the two beakers are poured into a larger beaker and stirred, predict the temperature of the contents of thethird beaker. Explain your answer.



2: 2point response: The response explains that the energy is transferred from the warmer water to the cooler water when they aremixed. The final temperature is predicted to be 37.5°C. 1point response: The response indicates the final temperature as 37.5°C butdoes not describe the transfer of energy. 0point response: The response shows no understanding of the task/problem.

Total: 2

19. Mary used a thermometer to test the air temperature at four points near a lit bulb. She recorded her data in the table.

Which BEST explains why the air closest to the bulb was warmest?

a. The bulb conducted electricity.

b. The bulb gave off light.

c. The bulb radiated heat.

d. The bulb was insulated.

20. An exothermic process is one that releases energy in the form of heat. The prefix exo means "out of."

a. True You are correct! An exothermic process releases heat!b. False

Great effort, but the statement is true. An exothermic process releases energy in the form of heat.



21. The same amount of ice is added to four different jars. In which jar will the ice melt the fastest?

a.

b.

c.

d.

22. Miranda wraps her hands around a mug of hot tea.

The heat from the hot tea is being transferred to Miranda’s hands primarily by

a. radiation.

b. absorption.

c. convection.

d. conduction.



23. Some windows can improve energy efficiency in a building by controlling the heat transfer. These windows may be doublepaned with an inertgas such as argon in between the panes.

Which is the MOST likely way these windows reduce thermal energy transfer?

a. The windows will leak less.

b. The gas between the window panes will be an insulator.

c. The gas in the windows will reflect more light.

d. The condensation on the windows will be decreased.

24. A pot is touching the flame of a gas stove, and the substance in the pot is heating up due to the contact. This is an example of which type of energytransfer?

a. radiation

b. convection

c. conduction

d. vaporization

25. A carpenter rubs sandpaper on a wooden bench to make the bench smoother. The sandpaper will get warm as it is rubbed on the bench. As aresult of the friction between the sandpaper and the bench, thermal energy is converted to

a. chemical energy that is stored by the sandpaper.

b. radiant energy that is transferred to the bench.

c. potential energy that is stored by the wood.

d. heat energy that is transferred to the air.

26. Choose the endothermic reaction.

a. Photosynthesis Good work! Photosynthesis take in energy and absorbs heat, so it is endothermic.b. Onehalf cup hydrogen peroxide, onequarter cup dishwashing soap, and a few drops of your favorite color of food coloring

Great effort, but this reaction creates heat, and if it creates heat, it is not endothermic.c. Burning candle

Great effort, but if it creates heat, it is not endothermic.d. Sparks, noises, and smoke

Great effort, but these are indication that hear is being released. If hear is released, the reaction is not endothermic.

27. Choose the worst material to insulate heat.

a. Rubber Remember, good conductors are not good insulators. Rubber is a good insulator.b. Plastic

Remember, good conductors are not good insulators. Plastic is a good insulator.c. Wood

Remember, good conductors are not good insulators. Wood is a good insulator.d. Metal

Good job! Metals conduct electricity, which means that they are not good insulators.



28. In a science lab, you are provided with the following tools and materials:

Lab oven with temperature set at 90°C Thermal gloves Tongs20 g cube of copper 20 g cube of tin20 g cube of aluminum250 mL beakers ThermometersWater

Write a stepbystep plan for an investigation to determine whether different substances absorb different amounts of energy when they areheated. Include safety instructions and all steps of the investigation.



4

: 4point response: The response is a stepwise procedure similar to this example: 1.Using glove and tongs, place the three metal cubesin the oven. Leave in oven for 30 minutes 2.Measure 100 mL of water into each of three beakers. 3.Measure the temperature of thewater in each beaker with a thermometer. 4.Record the temperatures of the metal blocks (oven temperature) and of the water in thebeakers. 5.Using gloves and tongs, transfer each metal block into a different beaker of water. 6.Observe the water temperature todetermine when it is no longer changing. 7.Record the water temperature in each beaker and the metal added to the water 8.Comparethe temperatures of the water in the beakers. 9.Analyze the data and develop a conclusion based on the data. 3point response: Missesa significant step of the procedure. 2point response: Misses two steps of the procedure or does not include use of gloves and tongswhen handling heated metal blocks. 1point response: Identifies placing heated metal into water as the basic experiment but has nodetails. 0point response: The response shows no understanding of the task/problem.

Total: 4

29. What is the correct formula to calculate specific heat capacity?

a. •C (specific heat) = Q (amount of heat) ÷ [(m (mass of the sample) x ∆T (change in temperature)] Correct! This is the correct depitction of the formula for specific heat.b. •C (specific heat) = Q (amount of heat) x [(m (mass of the sample) x ∆T (change in temperature)]

Great effort, but the amount of heat should be divided by the mass of the sample, and then multiplied by the change in temperature. c. •C (specific heat) x Q (amount of heat) ÷ [(m (mass of the sample) x ∆T (change in temperature)]

Great effort, but the amount of heat should be divided by the mass of the sample, and then multiplied by the change in temperature.

d. •C (specific heat) = Q (amount of heat) ÷ [(m (mass of the sample) ÷ ∆T (change in temperature)] Great effort, but the amount of heat should be divided by the mass of the sample, and then multiplied by the change in temperature.

30. Choose all statements that are true.

a. The type of heat transfer to make pancakes on a stove top is called conduction. This statement is true, but is it the only true statement?b. The heat transfer that takes place in an oven is call conduction.

Great effort, but this statement is not true. When heat is transferred from air to an object, this is called convection.c. Water starts to boil on the surface then moves to the top of the surface is called convection.

This statement is true, but is it the only true statement?d. The heat transfer that takes place in a microwave oven is called radiation.

This statement is true, but is it the only true statement?



31. A student put a cube of butter on a metal rod. Then he placed the other end of the rod in a beaker of hot water. The setup for the investigation isshown below.

The butter melted in ten minutes. What type of energy did the metal rod conduct to the butter?

a. mechanical

b. electrical

c. chemical

d. thermal

32. An ice cube melts in liquid water, decreasing the thermal energy of the liquid water. What happens to the thermal energy that is lost by the liquidwater? How can you demonstrate that the thermal energy of the liquid water decreases as the ice melts?



2

: 2point response: The response indicates that the change in thermal energy can be observed by measuring a decrease in thetemperature of the liquid water and explains that the thermal energy is transferred from liquid water to ice. 1point response: Theresponse includes only one of the components of a 2point response. 0point response: The response shows no understanding of thetask/problem.

Total: 2

33. A crayon placed on a dark driveway in bright sunlight melted into a colorful puddle. What caused the crayon to melt?

a. Solar radiation heated the driveway and then heat transferred to the crayon by radiation.

b. Solar convection heated the driveway and then heat transferred to the crayon by radiation.

c. Solar radiation heated the driveway and then heat transferred to the crayon by conduction.

d. Solar convection heated the driveway and then heat transferred to the crayon by conduction.

34. Which of the items is not required to make a homemade hand warmer?

a. Pepper Correct! Pepper is not used to make a homemade hand warmer.b. Pencil shavings

This is an ingredient of a homemade hand warmer. Which choice is not?c. Salt

This is an ingredient of a homemade hand warmer. Which choice is not?d. Water

This is an ingredient of a homemade hand warmer. Which choice is not?



35. Ms. Miller’s students are studying the properties of different metal blocks. They place four different metal blocks in containers holding the sameamount of water. The picture shows what happens when each metal block is placed in the container.

What can be determined from this experiment?

a. The weight of Metal 1 is less than the mass of Metal 2.

b. The mass of Metal 3 is greater than the mass of Metal 2.

c. The density of Metal 1 is less than the height of Metal 4.

d. The volume of Metal 2 is greater than the volume of Metal 4.

36. Elaine investigated how well different materials conducted heat. She had samples of metal, wood, plastic, and rubber that were each the samesize. Elaine put each sample in boiling water for five minutes and then measured its temperature. She put her results in the table.

Heat Investigation

Material Temperature(°C)

Metal 36

Wood 31

Plastic 27

Rubber 30

Based on the data, which material is the BEST conductor of heat?

a. metal

b. plastic

c. wood

d. rubber

37. Isabella filled a glass with warm water. She measured the temperature, and it was 30°C. She left the glass on a table in a room that was 20°C. Afew hours later, she measured the water temperature again, and it was 24°C. Which BEST explains why the water temperature changed?

a. Energy used by evaporation caused the water temperature to decrease.

b. Heat energy in the water was destroyed by the glass.

c. Heat energy in the water was transferred to the cooler air.

d. Energy in the air removed heat from the water.



38. Increasing temperature typically has what effect on the atoms in matter?

a. Increasing temperature usually causes the atoms in matter to move faster. You are correct! Increasing temperature will cause atoms and molecules in matter to move faster!b. Increasing temperature will cause atoms to break apart.

Great effort, but an increase in temperature will cause the atoms in matter to move faster, which may eventually result in a change of state.c. Increasing temperature usually has no effect on the movement of atoms in matter.

Great effort, but increasing temperature usually causes the movement of atoms in matter to increase. d. Increasing temperature usually causes the atoms in matter to move slower.

Great effort, but increasing temperature usually result in the faster movement of atoms in matter.

39. Students study how the temperature of a substance is related to the rate of molecular movement. The molecules in which substance are movingthe fastest?

a. warm soup

b. water melting from ice

c. steam rising from boiling water

d. cold milk

40. Which definition is incorrect?

a. Conduction occurs when heat travels from one end of a solid material to the other end. This is a correct statement. Which statement is incorrect?b. Radiation is when heat travels through radiant energy.

This is a correct statement. Which statement is incorrect?c. Heat transfer in liquid is an example of convection.

This is an accurate statement. Which statement is incorrect?d. Conduction is the transfer of heat from solid to liquid.

Good job! Conduction is the movement of heat from one place to another, and can occur over all phases, not just from a solid to a liquid.

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Apply Its_Middle School Physical Science - Mastery Assess It_12