yhayes

Text Box

APPENDIX A

Page 2

ContentsContentsIntroduction.........................2

Program Criteria ..................3

Development History ..........4

Neighborhood Context .......5Pasture Point.................6Olde Hampton..............8

Architectural Patterns........10Hampton Vernacular

Architecture.............11

Colonial Revival .........12Victorian......................14Romantic.....................16Arts & Crafts -

Prairie ....................18Arts & Crafts -

Bungalow................20Landscape Design ..........Guidelines...................22

Definitions .........................24Resources ..........................25Pictorial Glossary ........26-27

with Table of Roof Pitches

Appendix A: Renovations and Additions

B: New Construction

C: Accessory Structures

D: Landscape Standards

E: Downtown Hampton Master

Plan - Initiatives 4 and 5

IntrIntroductionoductionThe City of Hampton recently revised and updated theDowntown Hampton Master Plan adopted by City Council inJanuary of 2004. Contained within the updated plan are twoinitiatives which focus on strengthening the in-town neigh-borhoods of Pasture Point and Olde Hampton. This bookserves to support ongoing efforts in the Neighborhood Officeand throughout the City to implement these initiatives and tofurther support existing Neighborhood plans. The fundamen-tal idea of both initiatives is for both neighborhoods to cele-brate their rich history by understanding the Architecturalstyles of their heyday and returning existing homes to accu-rate and appropriate details. Renovating existing older homescan be challenging; this book serves as a Guide to help thehomeowner by providing information about the neighbor-hoods and existing or predominant Architectural styles. TheDesign Guidelines are to be used with the NeighborhoodOffice’s Hampton Housing Venture Revitalization Plan andgoverns any public initiative around housing that implementsthe Downtown Hampton Master Plan.

Pasture Point housing illustration by Urban Design Associates.

Olde Hampton housing illustration by Urban Design Associates.

Page 3

PrProgram Criteriaogram Criteria

ExpectationsExpectations

RequirRequirementsements

This book seeks to establish Design Guidelines for Renovation projects and new Construction that are easy touse, maintain the integrity of the existing neighborhood fabric, and build on the historical significance of ourolder neighborhoods. Homeowners, architects and builders will be able to Design and Build in ways that areconsistent with the traditional Architecture of the City of Hampton. How to use this book:1 Identify the Architectural style of your house (page 10).2 Review the Architectural style page for building elements, from the roof to the foundation.3 Discuss your proposed scope of work with an Architect.4 Relate all the individual elements, such as windows, doors and porches to your Architectural style.5 Review the Resources page for more sources of information about appropriate details and materials.

The Guidelines are to be used with funds available through the Hampton Housing Venture Revitalization Plan.The expectation for any proposed renovation project is that it relate directly to one Architectural style. Theseexpectations include building placement, front facade layout, overall building proportions, roof form, windowsand doors (size and placement), porches (type, location and size), and any other pertinent details, such as trimsize. The project must clearly relate to adjacent properties (houses to either side, across the street and withinthe block) and benefit the streetscape by fitting the existing context or raising the overall appearance of thestreet. All work must use materials consistent with the Architectural style or approved modern equivalent.

Expectations for exterior landscape improvements include the use of seasonal ground cover, plantings alongfoundation wall, small scale fruit trees and shrubs within the setbacks. Plant selections should be based ontheir traditional influence in Tidewater and their desirable characteristics for the entire community. All plantspecies should be native and selected for size, quality and durability. Overall landscaping goals for the neigh-borhoods include replacing plants, trees, and ground covers that are inappropriate for the area; correcting land-scape areas that are over grown; pruning trees that have become too tall for their surroundings or have beenallowed to grow "out of control"; replacing sections of landscape with excessively high water requirements withlandscapes that are water-economical or drought resistant without sacrificing visual attractiveness; and, improv-ing over-grown, bare, and neglected landscape areas.

Required submissions for Design Review are listed here:

1 Lot diagram with building footprint & setbacks2 Building plans 3 Elevations4 Wall sections5 Roof, siding and trim material 6 Color selections7 Landscape plan

Page 4

Development HistorDevelopment HistoryyHampton’s history began in 1607 but the development history of theDowntown Neighborhoods essentially began after the Civil War.Confederate soldiers participated in the burning of Hampton underorders from General Magruder as a defensive means to prevent theUnion from using their buildings and other resources. As a result, fewbuildings from before the 1850s remain in Hampton. An exception tothis is St. Johns Church, founded in 1610 but built in 1728, forming thewestern boundary of the original town line. Jefferson B. Sinclair ownedthe land denoted parcel “A” on the adjacent map, which was dividedand sold after the Civil War as a result of a court decision over disputedbank note records. The intersection of King and Queen was the centerof town, with most of the commercial and residential buildings clustereddensely in this area. Sinclair’s property was rural pastural land on theoutskirts of town. Pasture Point and Olde Hampton are Hampton’s firstring of suburbs developed in the late nineteenth and early twentiethcenturies as residential neighborhoods.

Existing house in Olde Hampton - Union St.

Existing house in Olde Hampton - Lincoln St.

Survey of Sinclair property by Girard Chambers Jr..

Post Civil War Hampton (Courtesy of Hampton History Museum)

Page 5

NeighborNeighborhood Contexthood Context

ELEMENTS1 Narrow streets2 Rectangular blocks3 Varying lot widths4 Building setbacks5 House size6 Streetscaping7 Landscaping

All Neighborhoods are made of the same essential components; streets,blocks, building setbacks, houses, and landscaping. Through theanalysis of these elements and a thorough understanding of the neigh-borhood structure, the appropriateness of any renovation or newbuilding is evaluated within the Neighborhood context.

Depending on the era of development, streets and blocks will vary insize and composition. The character or feel of a neighborhood isdirectly related to the scale and location of all its components. Mainboulevards and side streets, a mixture of Architectural styles, colorchoices of siding and plant material, front zone setbacks ranging from5 to 18 feet; they all add to the visual variety that creates the uniqueplaces in our Downtown neighborhoods.

The challenge in the Hampton Housing Venture is to understand theexisting context, find its best qualities, and then emulate themthrough renovation and new construction projects. Pasture Point andOlde Hampton are analyzed and described on the following pages.

Page 6

PasturPasture Point e Point Before it became a neighborhood,the Pasture Point area was part ofthe Miles Cary plantation. Calledthe Pasture Tract, this area com-prised grassy land and a near byorchard. Around the turn of thecentury, Charles Taylor Holtzclawand his brother William(Hampton natives) began todevelop the Pasture Point area as aneighborhood for some of thecity's most prominent profession-als, managers, and shopkeepers ofthe time. Pasture Point had afflu-ence and style.Pasture Point was also typical ofthe late nineteenth and earlytwentieth century street car neigh-borhoods which were laid out ingrid patterns along streetcar lines.The Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O)train station was located along the

Map of lot widths for Pasture Point

Hampton Illustrated page 36

Hampton Illustrated page 24

LEGENDINDUST.

40’ OR LESS

41’ - 60’

61’ OR MORE

Page 7

three lot widths are related totheir position along major boule-vards, side streets, or the water-front (see the adjacent map). Anurban neighborhood, the build-ings are close to the street and toeach other. The typical lot dia-gram shows the relationship ofbuilding mass to land area in thisearly twentieth century neighbor-hood. Front setbacks alongPembroke are greater than thequieter side streets. Reviewingadjacent property setbacks willhelp determine where the frontfacade should be located. Withinthe neighborhood, a street hierar-chy is established with primaryaccess streets, like Pembroke andRiver, and local residential streetslike Elm and Colbert. At cornerlots, many houses face the domi-

nant street and have architecturalelements, like windows and trim,that dress up the highly visibleside elevations. Many of the 291 structures in theneighborhood are old and archi-tecturally distinct. Some of thearea homeowners have restoredtheir historic houses, but many ofthe historic homes appear to needextensive renovation. A recent survey indicates thatthere are 102 buildings in PasturePoint that were built between1870 and 1935. Most of the his-toric houses are 2 1/2 story 3 bayQueen Anne style buildings onbrick foundations. This neighbor-hood contains prime examples ofall five architectural styles asdescribed in the ArchitecturalPatterns pages.

northern boundary of PasturePoint, making Pasture Point abusy link for commerce to down-town. Today, Pasture Point isdescribed as a historic waterfrontneighborhood located northeast ofDowntown Hampton and sur-rounded by the Hampton Riverwith Bright’s Creek forming thenorthern border. According to the2000 Census, Pasture Point hasapproximately 460 residents. Pasture Point is a grid of streetsthat is bisected by the interstatehighway. The shape of the blocksis rectangular, with horizontallyoriented blocks north ofPembroke Avenue and verticallyoriented blocks to the south. Lotsizes within Pasture Point vary inwidth from 35 feet up to morethan 90 feet. The location of these

Typical street section in Pasture Point Typical Lot diagram

Front Facade Zone

Rear Setback

Front Yard

Public Zone

Side

Yard

Pri

vate

Zon

e

22’11’ 17’5’5’ 5’5’

Page 8

Olde HamptonOlde Hampton Olde Hampton is one of the old-est neighborhoods in Hampton.This neighborhood was createdalong the outskirts of town at theend of the Civil War. As“Freedom’s First Generation”, theresidents of this neighborhoodwere freed people driven by astrong will to own land. Throughthe division of the Sinclair prop-erty by court-appointed commis-sioners and the existence of theSavings and Loan Bank, black res-idents created this unique neigh-borhood which today is consid-ered a nice place to live withfriendly neighbors, just a shortwalk to Downtown.

Freedom’s First Generation page 178 (Courtesy of the Hampton Institute Archives)

(Courtesy of the Hampton History Museum)

Map of lot widths for Olde Hampton

LEGENDINDUST.OPEN SPACE40’ OR LESS41’ - 60’

61’ OR MORE

Page 9

The Olde Hampton neighborhoodis bounded generally byPembroke Avenue to the north,Armistead Avenue and King Streetto the east, LaSalle Avenue to thewest, and Settler’s Landing Roadto the south. Olde Hampton hasthree dominant east-west streets,Union, Lincoln and Queen.Although not a true grid ofstreets, the street network isstrong and could be further divid-ed to create smaller city blocks(As recommended by UDA in theDowntown Hampton Master Plan,see Appendix A). Laid out by theCounty surveyor William Ivey,the streets of Grant, Lincoln andUnion are names that celebratedhard won freedom. The streethierarchy is made up of streetwidths of 50 feet on main east-

west streets while smaller north-south streets are only 28 feetwide. The blocks are rectangularin both directions, with thelargest block size at 24 acres.Walkable urban blocks are typi-cally less than 3 acres. Lot sizeswithin Olde Hampton are verynarrow, with many lots at 28 feetwide. Girard Chambers Jr., sur-veyor, remembers County recordsthat show original lot sizes at 54feet -9 inches by 212 feet long, or.27 of an acre. The lot length isequal to one half the block width.Over time, property splits havetightened the existing neighbor-hood fabric. An urban neighbor-hood, the buildings are naturallyclose to the street and to eachother. The typical lot diagramshows the relationship of building

mass to land area in this latenineteenth century neighborhood.Much of the neighborhood’shousing stock is small one andtwo bedroom cottages on thirtyfoot wide lots. Redevelopment inthe neighborhood has encouragedthe merging of adjacent lots tocreate code-compliant side set-back yards. The tight nature ofthis neighborhood’s early urbanliving is worth preserving throughthe creative use of TraditionalNeighborhood house plans.Several examples exist of two-story two to three bedroomhomes with one side yard setbackon 24 feet wide lots. Streetscapecharacter is defined by landscapeverge and sidewalks that are 7 to10 feet with a range from 6 to 18feet in the front facade zone.

Typical street section in Olde Hampton Typical Lot diagram

Front Facade Zone

Rear Setback

Public Zone

Side

Yard

Pri

vate

Zon

e

28’10’ 18’7’ 7’

Page 10

ArArchitectural Patterchitectural Patternsns

Character is evident in Hampton,where an eclectic blend of styles,ranging from 1880s through theearly 1900s, and later with thepattern book and pre-builthomes of the 1930’s creates ourunique neighborhoods. Varietyof style, orientation, use of mate-rials and colors, with landscap-ing, help create the visual inter-est of the streetscape.

This section is an introduction toall the styles and their key ele-ments. Typical characteristicsare described in graphic andwritten form so you can useappropriate details for a renova-tion project or determine whatstyle would work on an infill lotin a Downtown neighborhood.

Page 11

Houses of Distinction

Hampton’s Architecture is aresult of the City’s uniquedevelopment and history. Awaterfront community and acontraband camp, the variety ofhouses in Hampton create adiverse place.

Five Major architectural stylesincluded in the DesignGuidelines, from a variety oftime periods and sources, giveHampton a unique character:

1 Colonial Revival2 Victorian3 Romantic4 Arts & Crafts - Prairie5 Arts & Crafts - Bungalow

Examples of these styles can befound in every older HamptonNeighborhood. Representingthe fashionable styles of theirtime and a reflection of socialand cultural situations, thesehouses are worth saving. Manyolder homes are in great condi-tion, the result of recent or con-tinual maintenance and care;however, some are in desperateneed of attention. For informa-tion about appropriate detailsfor each style, please review theArchitectural style pages to fol-low (pages 12-21).

Victorian

Colonial Revival

Romantic

Arts & Crafts - Prairie

Arts & Crafts - Bungalow

Hampton VHampton Verernacular Arnacular Architecturchitecturee

Page 12

Colonial Revival Colonial Revival

ELEMENTS1 Square plan w/ wings2 Accentuated front

door, Centered3 Classical details are

simplified4 Gable or hipped roof

Colonial Revival is based on a modern interpretation of the early Englishand Dutch houses of the Atlantic seaboard with the mixing of Classicaland Colonial elements. A long-lived style, built from 1870 through 1955,Hampton’s Colonial Revival houses have elaborate entrances, symmetricalfacades and mostly square plans with single story wings. Typically largerthan its Colonial counterpart, the Colonial Revival house is a combina-tion of various styles and elements. Several subtypes and variations existdue to the extended time frame that Colonial Revival persisted as a style.A two story house with hipped roof and full front porch is the subtype“Classic Box”, built from the 1890s to early 1910s. Similar to the ClassicBox, a second subtype is the hipped roof without full width porch, butwith an elaborate entry feature of exaggerated proportions with a gableroof and classical columns. A third subtype is a simple two story rectan-gular block with side gabled roof. This subtype predominates after 1910.All these types are present in Hampton, as illustrated in the photo exam-ples, built during the first half of the twentieth century.

Norfolk Pattern Book page 36

Example of Classic Box in Pasture Point

Page 13

FACADE COMPOSITIONS

Comprised of a Main body,Colonial Revival houses will typi-cally have single story side wingsset back from the front facade,added to enlarge interior livingspaces. The wings are no morethat half the overall house width. Facade details are critical in theexpression of the Colonial Revivalstyle, as in the original Colonialhouses. Principal areas of elabora-tion are entrances, cornices, andwindows. Cornices are an impor-tant identifying feature with aboxed roof wall junction and eavereturn, which were often decorat-

ed with dentils or crown molding.Windows are tall and narrow,doors typically have six panelsand often incorporate transomsand sidelights. Vernacular exam-ples are built of wood with hori-zontal siding of 6 to 8 inch expo-sure. Porches and entry featureshave classic columns alone or inpairs at an average diameter of 10-12 inches. Beams are expressedwith 14 to 20 inch depths, and thefaces of structural elements align.Shutters are typically louvered. Ifinstalled, they should be sized andpositioned to be operational.

A field guide page 320

Norfolk Pattern Book page 37

Modified Classic Box with elaborate entry of exaggerated proportions

Page 14

VVictorian - Stick & Queen Anne ictorian - Stick & Queen Anne

ELEMENTS1 Asymmetrical facade2 Gabled roof w/steep

pitch3 Vertical proportions4 Wall treatments5 Multi colored

Stick style grew from the picturesque Gothic ideals of Andrew JacksonDowning, and it flourished in pattern books of the 1860’s and ‘70s.Stick is a transitional style that links Gothic Revival with the subse-quent Queen Anne, where the wall surface itself is a decorative ele-ment rather than merely a plane, with principle decoration preservedfor application at the doors, windows and cornices. The visible truss-work at the gables which characterizes the Stick subtype was decora-tive, not structural, since the houses were quickly constructed of bal-loon framing. Queen Anne is a long-lasting, more influentialVictorian subtype and was a dominant building during the period of1880 until 1900. It is the most decoratively rich style, with great vari-ety of forms, textures, materials and colors. The qualities that typifythis style in Hampton are steep roofs of irregular shape, asymmetricalbuilding massing, textured shingles, projecting bay windows, and fullor partial single story front porches. Front gables are common withcolorfully painted details at the eaves of the house and porch.

Norfolk Pattern Book page 54

Page 15

A field guide page 254

FACADE COMPOSITIONS

Several examples of both subtypesexist in Pasture Point with frontfacing gables, L-shaped plans andbalanced placement of windowsand doors. The principal roofforms are hipped and gables withlower cross gables, covered witheither slate, shingles, laminatedasphalt, or painted metal standingseam. Cladding is either pat-terned shingles (fishscales, dia-mond or scattered), or horizontallap siding. Windows are vertical-ly proportioned and are typically2 over 2. Openings are framed

with 6 inch wide trim and usuallyhave a decorative crown and capabove. A wide variety exists inboth subtypes for door types.Horizontal door panels are toppedwith half light of decorative leadglass and most have transoms andsidelights. Bay windows are com-mon since they break up the ver-tical plane of the exterior wall.Porch details are elaborate withclassical entabulatures, chamferedcolumns, brackets, and railings ofturned posts, that are usuallypainted bright colors.

Details: Gable with decorative truss work, tower form with tent roof, cornice returns at roof-wall junction.

Norfolk Pattern Book page 55

Page 16

Romantic - Gothic Revival Romantic - Gothic Revival

ELEMENTS1 Symmetrical facade2 Steeply pitched roof3 Steep cross gables4 Decorated verge board5 Stylistic porch details

Andrew Jackson Downing cham-pioned Gothic buildings with hisbook Rural Residences and laterexpanded with Cottage Residences.Built between 1840 and 1870, fewexamples remain in Hampton.One-story porches are typical asare 2 over 2 window muntin pat-terns. Characteristics includesteeply pitched roofs, symmetricalbroad front facades with decorat-ed center roof gables, and one-story hip roof full front porches.Wood frame Carpenter Gothicwith horizontal cladding predom-inate the Hampton Vernacular asseen in the adjacent photo.Horizontal siding is common as isvertical planks and strips in theboard and batten technique.Verticality is considered a clearlyGothic quality, that is exhibited inthe facade proportions, materialdetails such as wood siding, andmost importantly, the openings.Tall, thin windows and doorswith transoms and sidelights aretypical. Window and doordetails of this style express thecreativity of the craftsman builderwith a wide variety of exampleswith pointed arches, small gables,and elaborate crowns.

A field guide page 196

Details: Center roof gable, special “gothic” attic window, trim accents along eave, use of color.

Page 17

ELEMENTS1 Rectangular plan2 Low pitched roof3 Tall narrow windows4 Projecting cornices w/

decorative brackets

The Italianate Style dominatedAmerican house constructionbetween 1850 and 1880. This isan uncommon style for thesouthern states. A related cousinto Gothic Revival, this stylemoves from simple balanceddetails to exuberant decoration.The handful of examples inPasture Point and Olde Hamptonare exceptional, with expressiveroof brackets and rows of verti-cally proportioned windows.Hampton Italianate houses aretypical of the townhouse subtype,which are rectangular in plan, anarrow and deep house form,designed for urban lots. Most are2 stories in height with wideeaves supported by large brack-ets. The windows are tall andthin, the roof is a low pitched flator hip. A centrally located cupo-la exemplifies the style but is rarein existing Hampton examples.The front facade achieves a for-mal balance with pronouncedmoldings and expressed detailslike wide trim at doors and win-dows, and square chamferedposts supporting the porch roof.A full front porch is typical of theItalianate style.

Romantic - ItalianateRomantic - Italianate

A field guide page 210

Details: Roof brackets, wide window trim, chamfered posts.

Page 18

ArArts & Crafts - Prairie Style ts & Crafts - Prairie Style

ELEMENTS1 Balanced facade2 Hipped roof with low

pitch3 Deep overhanging

eaves4 Horizontal details

The Prairie Style originated in Chicago and landmark examples areconcentrated in the City’s early 20th century suburbs. Vernacularexamples were spread widely by pattern books and popular magazines,built between 1905 and 1915. This is a truly indigenous Americanstyle developed by a group of creative Chicago architects, known asthe Prairie school. Frank Lloyd Wright and Louis Sullivan pioneeredthe symmetrical rectangle form, with horizontal details in wall materi-als and rows of windows. Hampton is home to many prime examplesof the most common vernacular form, the American Foursquare, asymmetrical house with hipped roof and front entry (exemplified inthe photo below). This style consists of mostly two story houses builtof wood or brick. Characteristic details include color and detailemphasis placed on transitions between materials, floor levels and atthe roof eave. Horizontality is expressed with contrasting colors, brickjoint details, and wood siding. Other typical details include windowboxes and flower urns.

Norfolk Pattern Book page 48

Typical American Foursquare in Hampton

Page 19

Hampton vernacular examplesexpress a deep overhang, withhip roofs achieved as either aboxed eave or exposed rafter tail.The overhang ranges from 18 to24 inches producing a strongshadow line. Window headersmeet the frieze with wide paintedwood trim. Prairie style homesalso typically have gable or sheddormers to allow light and venti-lation to attic spaces. The frontand side facades, although asym-metrical, have balanced place-ment of windows and doors fromfloor to floor. The porch is a sin-gle story, broad and low, with asingle deep beam that spans theentire length of the house, sup-ported by square or taperedcolumns. The photo examplesshow this expression of structureand note the relationship

between the porch roof and sec-ond story windows. Arts and Crafts homes usuallyhave pairs or triples of windowswith 6-8 inches wide mullionsand equally wide painted woodtrim. Vertical in proportion,windows have 2 over 2, 3 over 1,4 over 1, 6 over 1 or 9 over 1muntin patterns. Doors areeither wood plank design or apanel door with the top halfglazed. Transoms and side lightsare common in stained glass andgeometric patterns.Regional material choices arehorizontal wood siding, brickand stucco highlighted with care-ful detailing. Roofs can be slate,cedar shakes, laminated asphaltor composition shingles.

FACADE COMPOSITIONSA field guide page 443 Norfolk Pattern Book page 49

Norfolk Pattern Book page 53

Details: Brick piers, tapered columns, paired windows, transoms & sidelights at entry door.

Page 20

ArArts & Crafts - Bungalowts & Crafts - Bungalow

ELEMENTS1 Asymmetrical facade2 Gabled roof with low

pitch3 Exposed structural

elements4 Groups of windows

This style developed from the work of the Greene brothers, two southernCalifornia architects who designed and built several landmark housesbetween 1903 and 1909. They based their designs on the English Artsand Crafts movement, Oriental wooden architecture, and the PrairieStyle, resulting in intricately detailed buildings with open floor plans. Asmagazines publicized their work, it became the most popular style forsmaller houses throughout the country - including Tidewater - mostoften in one-story variations, like those found in Olde Hampton.Characteristics of the Bungalow style include low-pitched, gabled roofs;wide, open eaves supported by decorative beams or braces and withexposed rafter tails; full- or partial-width porches; sturdy, tapered squareporch columns of stone, brick, clapboard, shingle, or stucco (or a combi-nation of materials), either extending to ground level, or resting on mas-sive piers or a solid porch balustrade; sloping foundation walls; gabled orshed dormers; and wooden trellises over porches or porte cocheres.

Gabled front porch with deep beam and tapered columns

Page 21

Hampton has many fine existing examples of the typical Arts and Craftsbungalow throughout Olde Hampton and Pasture Point. These small butfunctional houses were built all over the country, and the style was subjectto wide variations based on regional differences. With low pitched broadgables and full front porches, bungalow cottages have multiple pairs ofwindows, small accent windows in their front facing gables or dormers toachieve an abundance of interior light. Cousin to the Prairie style, therafters, ridge beams, and purlins typically extend beyond the wall androof. Porches have deep beams supported by square tapered columns thatterminate in brick or shingled piers. Exposed structural details typify theHampton Vernacular. Wood shingles and siding are the favorite exteriorfinish with a wide varieties of colors used to accentuate trim and exposedstructural elements. Standing seam metal or asphalt shingles are the roofmaterials. Openings have wide trim and are vertical in proportion. Themost common muntin pattern for the windows is 3 over 1.

FACADE COMPOSITIONSA field guide page 452Norfolk Pattern Book page 49

Exposed rafter tails at gabled front porch

Page 22

Landscape Design GuidelinesLandscape Design GuidelinesLandscape of private yards variesdramatically throughout bothPasture Point and OldeHampton neighborhoods.Private gardening is important tothe sense of identity at eachhouse. Effective yards employfoundation plantings to addinterest and color. Foundationplantings vary from low mani-cured evergreens to brightly col-ored flowering bushes. Someyards use fencing to delineatethe private realm and manyserve as decorative elements.Several varieties exist with railstyles in plain or painted woodand thin metal rails. Fences areaccentuated with ground cover.Many mature trees exist butsmaller trees and shrubs plantedin multiples offer privacy andcreate a sense of rhythm on theside yards. Sidewalk edging israre but could range from orna-

Foundation plantings - evergreens

Seasonal flowers & ornamental grass

Corner lot - side yard picket fence

Front yard delineation with open picket fence

Front yard delineation - evergreens

Foundation plantings - wide variety

Accented entryway w/plants

Page 23

mental grasses to colorful perenni-als and textured groundcovers.Hedges serve to define yards at theside of corner lots and fronts ofmid-block houses. A nice featureto Pasture Point are the existinggranite curbs. Many homeownersuse flower pots and urns for sea-sonal plants to mark entrywaysand add color.

These photos outline some of thebest examples of private yard land-scaping. Expectations and criteriafor landscaping and fencing arelisted in Appendix D, HamptonNeighborhood LandscapeStandards and Guidelines.

Foundation plantings - Seasonal flowering bushes

Foundation plantings - Seasonal flowering bushes

Seasonal and annual foundation plantings add color and interest

Side yard delineation with open picket fence and flowering vine Decorative beds with flowers

Page 24

Definitions Definitions Architrave: The lowest part of an entab-lature resting on the capitol of a col-umn.Balustrade: An entire railing systemincluding a top rail, balusters, and oftena bottom rail.Batten: A narrow strip of wood appliedto cover a joint along the edges of twoparallel boards in the same plane.Boxed eave or cornice: A hollow eaveenclosed by roofing, the soffit and thebuilding wall.Carpenter Gothic: From 19th centuryAmerican building, the application ofGothic motifs by artisan builders inwood.Chamfer: a beveled edgeClassical Architecture: The architectureof Hellenic Greece and imperial Rome.Classical Revival: An architecturemovement based on the use of pureGreek and Roman forms in the earlynineteenth century.Colonial Revival: The reuse of Georgianand colonial design in the U.S.A. in thelate nineteenth and early twentieth cen-turies.Cornerboard: A board which is used astrim on the external corner of a woodframe structure.Cornice: A horizontal member of orna-mental molding at the intersection ofroof and walls.Crown molding: Projecting moldingforming the top member of a cornice,door or window frame.Dentil: One of a band of small squaretooth-like blocks forming part of thecharacteristic ornamentation of someclassical orders.Eaves: The lower border of a roof thatoverhangs the wall.Entablature: In classical architecture,the elaborated beam member carried bythe columns, horizontally divided intoarchitrave, frieze and cornice.Fascia: Vertical board that terminates asloped roof at the eave.Federal Style: The Federal Style reachedits zenith in the period 1780 to 1820. Itis later than Georgian, and is morerefined with restrained ornament andflat surfaced walls.

Frieze: The middle horizontal memberof a classical entabulature, above thearchitrave and below the cornice.Gable: The vertical triangular end of abuilding from cornice or eaves to ridge .Gable roof: A roof having a gable atboth ends.Gambrel roof: A roof with two slopes ofdifferent pitch on either side of theridge.Georgian Colonial: The architecture ofthe British colonies in North Americafrom 1741 to 1776.Gothic Revival: Architecture style fromthe 1840s of mostly rural domesticbuildings contemporary with GreekRevival and Italianate styles.Hipped roof: A roof which slopesupward from all four sides of a building,requiring a hip rafter at each corner.Italianate Style: The eclectic form of thecountry-house design, fashionable in the1840s and 50s, characterized by low-pitched, heavily bracketed roofs, asym-metrical informal plan, square towers,and often rounded arched windows.Knee wall: Short, vertical wall that clos-es off the low space created by a slopingceiling and the floor. Light: A pane of glass, a window or asubdivision of a window.Lintel: A horizontal structural member(such as a beam) over an opening whichcarries the weight of the wall above it.Louver: An assembly of sloping overlap-ping blades or slats designed to admitair and/or light while excluding rain andsnow.Mullion: The vertical members separat-ing two or more paired windows.Muntin: The vertical and horizontalmembers separating (and often support-ing) window, doors or panels set in aseries.Ogee curve: a double curve resemblingan S-shape.Pediment: A triangular space thatforms the end of a gable of a pitchedroof.

Pilaster: An upright architectural pieror pillar that usually projects a third ofits width from the wall.Portico: A porch or covered walk con-sisting of a roof supported by columns.Post-and-beam framing: A type of fram-ing where horizontal members rest on apost as distinguished from a wall.Queen Anne Style: Eclectic style ofdomestic architecture of the 1870s and80s based on Elizabethan architecture.It is characterized as a blending ofTudor, Gothic, English Renaissance, andColonial elements.Rafter tails: A rafter, bracket or joistwhich projects beyond the side of abuilding and supports an overhangingportion of the roof.Rake: Open or closed, the roof-walljunction of a roof gable.Roof pitch: The slope of a roofexpressed as a ratio of vertical rise tohorizontal run.Sash: Framework of panes and muntinsin windows and doors.Shed dormer: A dormer window whoseeaveline is parallel to the eave line ofthe main roof instead of being gabled.Shed roof: A roof shape having only onesloping plane.Side gable: Describes the massing of thehouse having the gable end (or roofridgeline) perpendicular to the street.Soffit: the exposed underside of anyoverhead component of a building, suchas a beam, cornice, lintel or vault.Stile and rail: Type of door constructionthat utilizes a framework of vertical andhorizontal members infilled with panels.Transom: A window above a doorVerge: The edge of roof covering pro-jecting over the gable of a roof. Also, athin planting strip at the edge of a road.Vergeboard: An ornamental boardhanging from the verge of a gable roof.Vernacular Architecture: The commonbuilding style of a period or place basedon regional forms and materials.Vocabulary: A list or collection of relat-ed architectural elements and materialsused to describe a building or structure.Wing: a subsidiary part of a buildingextending out from the main body.

Page 25

WWorks Cited & Resourorks Cited & Resources ces Architecture Styles:

Identifying American Architecture.Blumenson, John 1995 W. W. Norton & Company

Classic Houses of the Twenties.Loizeaux, J.D.1992 The Anthenaeum ofPhiladelphia

Field Guide to American Houses.McAlester, V. & L. 1984 Random House

Shingle Styles.Morgan,Bret & Roth, Leland M 1999 Harry N. Abrams

Researching your Historic VirginiaProperty.Salmon, John S.2000 Virginia Department of HistoricResources

A Pattern Book for NorfolkNeighborhoods.Urban Design Associates2003 Department of Planning andCommunity Development, Norfolk VA

Merriam-Webster’s CollegiateDictionary, Tenth Edition.1997 Merriam-Webster Incorporated

Techniques and Details:

Manual of Gardening, Second edi-tion.Bailey, L. H. 1910 The MacMillan Co., New York

Bungalows: Design Ideas forRenovating, Remodeling, andBuilding New (Updating ClassicAmerica Series).Connolly, M. Caren, Wasserman,Louis& Connolly, Caren2002 Taunton Press

Renovating and Restyling OlderHomes: The Professional's Guide toMaximum Value Remodeling.Dworin, Lawrence 1996 Craftsman Book Co.

Problems in Architectural Drawing,A Text-book and Problem Book forBeginners.Elwood, F. G.1935 The Manual Arts Press, Peoria Il.

A Treasury of Fine ConstructionDesign: 104 Detailed Plates of EarlyTwentieth Century Interior &Exterior Elements.Knobloch, Philip G. 1995 Astragal Press

Residential Construction Databook.Levy, Sidney M. 2001 McGraw-Hill Professional

Traditional Construction Patterns:Design and Detail Rules-of-Thumb.Mouzon, Stephen A. 2004 McGraw-Hill Professional

Traditional Details: For BuildingRestoration, Renovation, andRehabilitation: From the 1932-1951Editions of Architectural GraphicStandards.Ramsey/ Sleeper1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Architectural Graphic Standards,Tenth Edition.Ramsey/ Sleeper2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Colonials: Design Ideas forRenovating, Remodeling, andBuilding New.Schoenherr, Matthew 2003 Taunton Press

Selecting and Renovating an OldHouse, A Complete Guide.U.S. Department of Agriculture2000 Dover Publications

History:

SurveyorChambers, Girard Jr.

Hampton History MuseumCobb, Michael

Freedom’s First GenerationEngs, Robert F.1979 University of Pennsylvania Press

Hampton Illustrated: a brief butaccurate sketch of Hampton, Virginiaand its surroundings.Hampton Board of Trade1892 Werner Print Company, AkronOH

Greater Hampton, Phoebus and OldPoint : places of interest, illustratedand description resources andprogress.Hampton Board of Trade1915 Central Publishing Co

Websites:

Books on house buildinghttp://www.cambiumbooks.com/books/house_building/

TND House plan bookshttp://www.homestyles.com

Hampton Public Libraryhttp://www.hamptonpubliclibrary.com/online.html

Library of Virginiahttp://ajax.lva.lib.va.us/F/

Page 26

Pictorial GlossarPictorial Glossary y

1 Hipped roof2 Exaggerated proportions at entry3 Accentuated centered front door4 Operational, louvered shutters5 Single story wing addition

1 Decorative truss work at center gable2 Hipped roof with steep pitch3 Vertical proportions4 Highly decorative porch details5 Multi colored facade

1 Steeply pitched center gable2 Steeply pitched cross gables3 Tall, thin windows4 Symmetrical facade5 Horizontal wood siding

1 Low pitched roof2 Projecting cornices w/ brackets3 Tall, narrow windows4 Exuberant decoration5 Full front porch, single story

Romantic - Gothic Revival Romantic - Italianate

Colonial Revival Victorian

1

1

1 2

3

2

3

4

3

3

2

4

5

5

4

4

2

5

5

1

Page 27

Pictorial GlossarPictorial Glossary y

Table of Roof Pitches

1 Hipped attic dormer2 Hipped roof with low pitch3 Deep overhanging eaves4 Square, tapered columns5 Transoms/side lights at entry door

1 Gabled roof with low pitch2 Brackets and exposed rafter tails3 Horizontal material transitions4 Pairs or groups of windows5 Full front porch with square columns

Arts & Crafts - Prairie Arts & Crafts - Bungalow1

23

4 5

1

2

345

Appendix A: Appendix A: Renovations and Additions to Historic HomesRenovations and Additions to Historic Homes

Standard renovations commonly deal with window replacement,a new front door, roof and gutter replacement, brick repointingand repair, or the replacement of aged or damaged siding.Accuracy to the Architectural style is easily achieved by usingthe same details and materials.

Historic homes typically have balanced facades, therefore addi-tions required careful consideration to be appropriate. Someexisting examples of single story side additions on older homes,which add living space while complimenting the front facade.Important considerations are size and location. The adjacentdiagram outlines how to size, according to proportions, thewing addition. To remain consistent, additions should alwaysuse similar materials and details as the historic home. Whethera single or two story wing addition, it should be setback fromthe front facade, using the diagram as a guide .

Norfolk Pattern Book page 22

Existing house in Pasture Point with single story wing addition

Example Addition:Transforming a ranch style home of no clear HistoricalArchitectural style is possible with a dramatic secondstory addition. The adjacent lot diagram shows thetight side yards of this existing 1500 square foot onestory home. To add space and character, a secondstory addition with a low pitch hipped roof is a perfectexpression of the Prairie style. The top half of theexterior wall can be articulated with a different sidingmaterial, like stucco, to create the horizontal detailingof the Prairie style at the new second story line. Theexisting rough openings can remain but new pairs ofwindows with new muntin patterns should be added.Another Prairie detail to consider is the addition of anentry portico with brick piers.

Existing ranch built in 1984 in Pasture Point

Lot diagram showing adjacent properties and building setbacks.

Existing house

Proposed Elevation.Existing Elevation.

50’-0”

30’-9”

48’-8

”

26’-0

”

130’

-0”

Appendix B: Appendix B: New ConstrNew Construction on Downtown Infill lotsuction on Downtown Infill lots

The adjacent maps are an indi-cation of the potential for infilldevelopment in both PasturePoint and Olde Hampton. Thecharacter of the new housingshould seamlessly blend withthe existing context while rais-ing the quality. As part of theDowntown Hampton MasterPlan, UDA recommends housesthat respect the modest scale ofhistoric housing. Evaluating thestreetscape is a critical methodto determining the appropriatesize, scale and location of infillhousing. The following pagevisually describes how to workwithin the existing context.Taking into consideration thestyle, size, proportions and rooflines of adjacent properties, thegoal is to create a seamlessstreescape.

Map of Pasture Point showing vacant lots in pink

Map of Olde Hampton showing vacant lots in pink

New construction in the existing Neighborhood context should examine the adjacent properties and analyzethe setbacks, the building height and width, the adjacent roof lines, window and door size and placement whenselecting housing styles for infill lots like the one shown in the photo montage above. Taken on Queen Street,the houses to either side of the vacant lots are Prairie and Gothic Revival. Across the street are Victorians andBungalows. Infill housing is suggested in between with three houses of varying styles. The rooflines differ, cre-ating a fluctuating pattern that is pleasing, as do other details like the colors, materials, window placement,decorative detailing and porch type. Size and scale work together to create a seamless streetscape. The newhouses blend with the existing context. The lot diagram shows existing houses in purple with the buildablearea on the infill lots in blue. The front setback within the front facade zone is dependent on adjacent houses.

Infill lots in Olde Hampton on Queen Street with suggestions for infill housing

Lot diagram of three Infill lots in Olde Hampton on Queen Street

QUEEN STREET

Front Yard

Front Facade Zone

Rear Setback

Public Zone

Side

Yard

Accessory structures may include garages, carriage houses (agarage with a livable second floor), and garden sheds and pavil-ions. Ideally, these structures should be smaller than the mainhouse and have similar detailing as the main house. It is best tolocate garages at the back of the lot whenever possible, or at cornerlots, accessed from the adjacent secondary street and turned to facethe side street. Issues with garage additions are size, location anddetailing of the doors. Maintaining the proper facade compositionis the main goal in locating and sizing a garage addition. Doorwidths of 8 feet are recommended. Divided lights break up thelarge size of a garage door, as does painting the door a color toblend with the siding material. The diagrams outline where tolocate an accessory structure in relation to the main house.

Norfolk Pattern Book page 28

Norfolk Pattern Book page 29

Appendix C: Appendix C: AccessorAccessory Stry Structuructureses

Appendix D: Appendix D: Hampton NeighborHampton Neighborhood Landscape Standarhood Landscape Standards and Guidelinesds and Guidelines

Landscaping Requirements:1. Submit of a scaled plan which clearly illustrates the landscape designer’s intent. The plan should be prepared byeither a Landscape architect, a Virginia certified nurseryman or garden center/nursery that provides in-house designservices.2. Plan must show existing trees to be retained or removed and all proposed new landscaping.3. Identify the name of each plant, size and quantity (Plant List).4. Show typical details for trees, shrubs and groundcovers and a spacing plan (Planting details).5. All planting beds must have a minimum of 4 inches of organic mulch applied immediately after all plants havebeen installed. Use shredded hardwood or pine needles. Avoid shredded pine and pinebark nuggets.6. All newly planted trees shall be installed with a mulched saucer to help maintain moisture during its initial estab-lishment period.

Design Guidelines:1. A front yard landscape plan should include seasonal color and complimentary palette of plants. Use of just oneplant is unacceptable. Variety of type, scale and color is encouraged. Use of accent plants at the front entrance byclustering flowering or color plants is encouraged.2. Landscape beds should use natural, curvilinear, organic shapes with rounded edges. Foundation beds should begreater than 3 feet wide and graded properly for drainage.3. Locate plants by mature height and spread. Do not plant trees too close to the house nor use plants at the foun-dation which will, when mature, overwhelm the house.4. Use care when locating foundation plantings with species selection, spacing and size to avoid conflict with foun-dation vents, mechanical equipment and crawl space access. Mechanical equipment should be screened from viewfrom public right-of-way through the use of appropriate plantings or fencing.5. Locate plants by their needs; full sun, partial sun or full shade.6. Planting season for shrubs and trees is typically fall and winter months from September to May. Plants must bethoroughly watered when installed.7. Landscaping includes any yard decorations and should be noted on the plan.8. Fences, walls, curbs, steps, pavement, gravel, front walkways and water features are all subject to review forappropriate design, location and use of materials.

Appendix E: Appendix E: Downtown Hampton Master Plan - Initiatives 4 and 5Downtown Hampton Master Plan - Initiatives 4 and 5

HAMPTON NEIGHBORHOOD

OFFICE22 Lincoln Street

Hampton, VA 23669

PHONE (757) 727-6460FAX (757) 727-6074

EMAIL: neighbor@hampton.govwww.hampton.gov/neighborhoods

WRITTEN BY

Jessica Norgren, R.A.Architect,

City of Hampton

09/04