Apendice 1 Avanzad

Glossary

Advanced Real English 1 B Burlington Books

Advanced Real English 1

IntRoductIon

April /'CBUpLo/ abril

August /'GZLgW/ agosto

big /VBZ/ grande

black /VoDY/ negro/a

blue /VoI/ azul

brother /'VpJfL/ hermano

brown /VpPm/ marrn; castao/a

child /WiOoX/ nio/a; hijo/a

children /'WiBoXpLm/ nios/ as; hijos/as

curly /'YKoi/ rizado/a

dad /XDX/ pap

dark /XEY/ oscuro/a; moreno/a

day /XM/ da

December /XB'gClVL/ diciembre

diary /'XOLpi/ diario; agenda

eight /CBW/ ocho

eighteen /CB'WAm/ dieciocho

eighteenth /CB'WAme/ decimoctavo/a

eighth /CBWe/ octavo/a

eightieth /'CBWiLe/ octogsimo/a

eighty /'CBWi/ ochenta

eleven /B'oCdm/ once

eleventh /B'oCdme/ decimoprimero/a

eye /O/ ojo

eyebrow /'OVpP/ ceja

fair /cCL/ claro/a; rubio/a

fat /cW/ gordo/a

father /'cEfL/ padre

February /'cCVpILpi/ febrero

feet /cAW/ pies

fifteen /cBc'WAm/ quince

fifteenth /cBc'WAme/ decimoquinto/a

fifth /cBce/ quinto/a

fiftieth /'cBcWiLe/ quincuagsimo/a

fifty /'cBcWi/ cincuenta

first /cKgW/ primero/a

five /cOd/ cinco

foot /cHW/ pie

fortieth /'cGWiLe/ cuadragsimo/a

forty /'cGWi/ cuarenta

four /cG/ cuatro

fourteen /cG'WAm/ catorce

fourteenth /cG'WAme/ decimocuarto/a

fourth /cGe/ cuarto/a

Friday /'cpOXM/ viernes

good-looking /ZHX'oHYBn/ atractivo/a

grandparent /'ZpDmUSpLmW/ abuelo/a

green /ZpAm/ verde

grey /ZpCB/ gris

hair /kCL/ pelo

hairy /'kCLpi/ peludo/a

horn /kGm/ cuerno

hundred /'kJmXpLX/ cien; ciento

hundredth /'kJmXpLXe/ centsimo/a

January /'bDmqHLpi/ enero

July /bI'oO/ julio

June /XjIm/ junio

long /oFn/ largo/a

March /lEa/ marzo

marker /'lEYL/ rotulador

May /lM/ mayo

Monday /'lJmXM/ lunes

month /lJme/ mes

mother /'lJfL/ madre

mouth /lPe/ boca

mum /lJl/ mam

narrow /'mDpN/ estrecho/a

nine /mOm/ nueve

nineteen /mOm'WAm/ diecinueve

nineteenth /mOm'WAme/ decimonoveno/a

ninetieth /'mOmWiLe/ nonagsimo/a

ninety /'mOmWi/ noventa

ninth /mOme/ noveno/a

nose /mNh/ nariz

November /mLH'dClVL/ noviembre

October /FY'WNVL/ octubre

old /NoX/ viejo/a

one /rJm/ un/o/a

one hundred /rJm 'kJmXpLX/ cien

orange /'FpBmb/ naranja

parents /'UCLpLmWg/ padres

pen /UCm/ bolgrafo

pencil /'UCmgo/ lpiz

pencil case /'UCmgo YMg/ estuche

pencil sharpener /'UCmgo iEUmL/ sacapuntas

pink /UBnY/ rosa


Glossarypurple /'UKUo/ morado/a

red /pCX/ rojo/a

rubber /'pJVL/ goma, borrador

ruler /'pIoL/ regla

Saturday /'gDWLXM/ sbado

schoolbag /'gYIoVDZ/ mochila

second /'gCYLmX/ segundo/a

September /gCU'WClVL/ septiembre

seven /'gCdm/ siete

seventeen /gCdm'WAm/ diecisiete

seventeenth /gCdm'WAme/ decimosptimo/a

seventh /'gCdme/ sptimo/a

seventieth /'gCdmWiLe/ septuagsimo/a

seventy /'gCdmWi/ setenta

short /iGW/ corto/a; bajo/a

sister /'gBgWL/ hermana

six /gBYg/ seis

sixteen /gBYg'WAm/ diecisis

sixteenth /gBYg'WAme/ decimosexto/a

sixth /gBYge/ sexto/a

sixtieth /'gBYgWiLe/ sexagsimo/a

sixty /'gBYgWi/ sesenta

small /glGo/ pequeo/a

straight /gWpMW/ liso/a

Sunday /'gJmXM/ domingo

tail /WMo/ cola

tall /WGo/ alto/a

ten /WCm/ diez

tenth /WCme/ dcimo/a

thick /eBY/ grueso/a; poblado/a, tupido/a

thin /eBm/ delgado/a

third /eKX/ tercero/a

thirteen /eK'WAm/ trece

thirteenth /eK'WAme/ decimotercero/a

thirtieth /'eKWiLe/ trigsimo/a

thirty /'eKWi/ treinta

three /epA/ tres

Thursday /'eKhXM/ jueves

Tuesday /'WqIhXM/ martes

twelfth /WrCoce/ decimosegundo/a

twelve /WrCod/ doce

twentieth /'WrCmWiLe/ vigsimo/a

twenty /'WrCmWi/ veinte

two /WI/ dos

ugly /'JZoi/ feo/a

Wednesday /'rCmhXM/ mircoles

white /rOW/ blanco/a

wide /rOX/ ancho/a

wing /rBn/ ala

year /qR/ ao

yellow /'qCoN/ amarillo/a

young /qJn/ joven

unIt 1

apple /'DUo/ manzana

banana /VL'mEmL/ pltano

be careful /'VA YCLco/ tener cuidadobean /VAm/ juda

bowl /VLHo/ tazn, cuenco

bread /VpCX/ pan

brown rice /VpPm 'pOg/ arroz integral

bus station /'VJg gWMim/ estacin de autobuses

butter /'VJWL/ mantequilla

cake /YMY/ tarta, pastel

cheese /aAh/ queso

chicken /'aBYBm/ pollo

Chile /'iBoi/ Chile

Chilean /'aBoiLm/ chileno/a

chip /aBU/ patata frita

coffee /'YFci/ caf

cooker /'YHYL/ cocina (fogones y horno)

corn /YGm/ maz

country /'YJmWpi/ pas

cup /YJU/ taza

dangerous /'XMmbLpLg/ peligroso/a

dcor /'XMYG/ decoracin

eat /AW/ comer

egg /CZ/ huevo

English /'BnZoBi / ingls/esa; ingls (idioma)

fair /cCL/ feria

fast food /cEgW 'cIX/ comida rpida

fish /cBi/ pescado

food /cIX/ comida, alimento

food colouring /'cIX YJoLpBn/ colorante

fork /cGY/ tenedor

France /cpEmg/ Francia

French /cpCma/ francs/esa; francs (idioma)

fruit /cpIW/ fruta

German /'bKlLm/ alemn/ana; alemn (idioma)

Germany /'bKlLmi/ Alemania

glass /ZoEg/ vaso

ice cream /Og 'YpAl/ helado

Ireland /'OLoLmX/ Irlanda


GlossaryIrish /'OpBi/ irlands/esa; irlands (idioma)

Japan /bL'UDm/ Japn

Japanese /XjDULm'Ah/ japons/esa; japons (idioma)

kitchen /'YBWiBm/ cocina

knife /mOc/ cuchillo

lemon /'oClLm/ limn

look for /'oHY cG/ buscar

look out /oHY 'PW/ tener cuidado

manufacturer /lDmqH'cDYWiLpL/ fabricante

market /'lEYBW/ mercado

meal /lAo/ comida

meat /lAW/ carne

meatball /'lAWVGo/ albndiga

milk /lBoY/ leche

Morocco /lL'pFYLH/ Marruecos

octopus /'FYWLULg/ pulpo

onion /'JmqLm/ cebolla

outdoors /PW'XGh/ fuera

pancake /'UDmYMY/ tortita

pay attention /UM L'WCmim/ prestar atencin, fijarse

Peru /UL'pI/ Per

Peruvian /UL'pIdiLm/ peruano/a

plate /UoMW/ plato

rice /pOg/ arroz

salad /'gDoLX/ ensalada

sausage /'gFgBb/ salchicha

scientist /'gOLmWBgW/ cientfico/a

soup /gIU/ sopa

spaghetti /gUL'ZCWi/ espagueti /s

Spanish /'gUDmBi/ espaol/a; espaol (idioma)

spoon /gUIm/ cuchara

steak /gWMY/ filete

strawberry /'gWpGVLpi/ fresa

sugar /'iHZL/ azcar

Sweden /'grAXm/ Suecia

Swedish /'grAXBi/ sueco/a; sueco (idioma)

take care not to /WMY 'YS mFW WL/ tener cuidado de no, procurar no

taste (n) /WMgW/ sabor

taste (v) /WMgW/ comer, probar; degustar

tea /WA/ t

Thai /WO/ tailands/esa; tailands (idioma)

Thailand /'WOoDmX/ Tailandia

tomato sauce /WLlEWN 'gGg/ salsa de tomate

type /WOU/ tipo, clase

vegetables /'dCbWLVoh/ verdura(s)

vegetarian /dCbL'WCLpRm/ vegetariano/a

watch out /rFa 'PW/ tener cuidado

unIt 2

afraid /L'cpCBX/ asustado/a (be ~ of: tener miedo de)

allow /L'oP/ permitir

at home /LW 'kNl/ en casa

bird /VKX/ pjaro

bring /VpBn/ llevar(se); traer

building /'VBoXBn/ edificio

cage /YMb/ jaula

character /'YpLYWL/ personaje

chimpanzee /aBlUDm'hA/ chimpanc

clean your room /YoAm qG 'pIl/ limpiar tu cuarto

corner /'YGmL/ rincn

cow /YP/ vaca

disease /XB'hAh/ enfermedad

do homework /XI 'kNlrKY/ hacer los deberes

do sport /XI 'gUGW/ practicar deporte

each /Aa/ cada

eagle /'AZo/ guila

elephant /'CoBcLmW/ elefante

evil /'Ado/ malo/a

exercise /'CYgLgOh/ ejercicio

feed /cAX/ alimentar / dar de comer a

feed the dog /cAX fL 'XFZ/ dar de comer al perro

for fun /cL 'cJm/ para divertirse

fox /cFYg/ zorro

frighten /'cpOWm/ asustar

frog /cpFZ/ rana

fun /cJm/ diversin

germ /bKl/ germen

get up /ZCW 'JU/ levantarse

giraffe /bL'pEc/ jirafa

go home /ZLH 'kNl/ ir(se) a casa

go to bed /ZLH WL 'VCX/ acostarse, irse a la cama

go to school /ZLH WL 'gYIo/ ir al colegio

gorilla /ZL'pBoL/ gorila

guest /ZCgW/ cliente/a

hamster /'kDlgWL/ hmster

have a shower /kDd L 'iPL/ ducharse

have breakfast /kDd 'VpCYcLgW/ desayunar

have fun /kLd 'cJm/ pasrselo bien, divertirse

home /kNl/ casa, hogar

house /kPg/ casa

horse /kGg/ caballo

howl /kPo/ aullar

hunt /kJmW/ cazar

hunter /'kJmWL/ cazador/a

it was fun /BW rLh 'cJm/ fue divertido/a


Glossaryit was funny /BW rLh 'cJmi/ fue / era gracioso/a

just for fun /bJgW cL 'cJm/ solo para divertirse

kill /YBo/ matar

leave /oAd/ salir de

life /oOc/ vida

live /oBd/ vivir

lion /'oOLm/ len

Little Red Riding Hood /oBWo pCX 'pOXBn kHX/ Caperucita Roja

long hours /oFn 'PLh/ hasta tarde

meet friends /lAW 'cpCmXh/ quedar con amigos/as

mice /lOg/ ratones

mobile phone /lNVOo 'cNm/ telfono mvil

monkey /'lJnYi/ mono

mosquito /lL'gYAWLH/ mosquito

mouse /lPg/ ratn

need /mAX/ tener que, necesitar

no problem /mN 'UpFVoLl/ no hay problema

pet (n) /UCW/ mascota

pet (v) /UCW/ acariciar

pig /UBZ/ cerdo

problem /'UpFVoLl/ problema

rabbit /'pDVBW/ conejo

rabies /'pMVAh/ rabia

run after /pJm 'EcWL/ perseguir

shark /iEY/ tiburn

sheep /iAU/ oveja/s

shoe /iI/ zapato

snake /gmMY/ serpiente

solve a problem /gFod L 'UpFVoLl/ solucionar un problema

sticker /'gWBYL/ pegatina

take care of /WMY 'YCL Ld/ cuidar de

take off /WMY 'Fc/ quitarse

tiger /'WOZL/ tigre

timetable /'WOlWMVo/ horario

walk the dog /rGY fL 'XFZ/ pasear al perro

watch TV /rFa WA 'dA/ ver la televisin

water /'rGWL/ agua

werewolf /'rSrHoc/ hombre lobo

werewolves /'rSrHodh/ hombres lobo

wheel /rAo/ rueda

wild /rOoX/ salvaje

wolf /rHoc/ lobo

wolves /rHodh/ lobos

unIt 3

above /L'VJd/ encima de, sobre

allergy /'DoLXji/ alergia

at the corner of /LW fL 'YGmL Ld/ en la esquina de

bakery /'VMYLpi/ panadera

bank /VDnY/ banco

be careful /'VA YCLco/ tener cuidado

behind /VB'kOmX/ detrs de

best /VCgW/ mejor

between /VB'WrAm/ entre (dos cosas)

burp (n) /VKU/ eructo

burp (v) /VKU/ eructar

butchers /'VHaLh/ carnicera

can /Ym/ lata, bote

church /WiKa/ iglesia

cinema /'gBmLlL/ cine

climb /YoOl/ escalar

climb down /YoOl 'XPm/ bajar, descender

climb up /YoOl 'JU/ trepar, subir a

come out of /YJl 'PW Ld/ salir de

disgusting /XBg'ZJgWBn/ asqueroso/a, repugnante

during the week /'XqHLpBn fL rAY/ durante la semana

event /B'dCmW/ acontecimiento

exhibit /BZ'hBVBW/ objeto expuesto; exposicin

exhibition /CYgB'VBim/ exposicin

fizzy drink /'cBhi XpBnY/ bebida con gas, refresco

for the week /cL fL 'rAY/ para / durante toda la semana

forget /cL'ZCW/ olvidar(se)

forget about /cLZCW L'VPW/ olvidarse de

forget to /cL'ZCW WL/ olvidarse de

GI /bA'O/ gastrointestinal

gift /ZBcW/ regalo

Go straight. /ZLH 'gWpMW/ Ir / Seguir recto.

go through /ZLH 'epI/ atravesar

guess /ZCg/ adivinar (~ what?: sabes qu?)

guest /ZCgW/ invitado/a

guide /ZOX/ gua

have a look at /kDd L 'oHY DW/ echar un vistazo a

have fun /kLd 'cJm/ pasrselo bien, divertirse

hospital /'kFgUBWo/ hospital

in /Bm/ en, dentro de

in a week /Bm L 'rAY/ dentro de una semana

in front of /Bm 'cpJmW Ld/ delante de

intestine /Bm'WCgWBm/ intestino

library /'oOVpLpi/ biblioteca

learn /oKm/ aprender

Glossary


look for /'oHY cG/ buscar

match /lWi/ asociar, relacionar

model /'lFXo/ maqueta, modelo

museum /lqI'hALl/ museo

next to /'mCYgW WL/ cerca de, prximo/a a

on /Fm/ sobre, en

opposite /'FULhBW/ enfrente de

pass /UEg/ pasar

post office /'UNgW FcBg/ oficina de correos

restaurant /'pCgWpFmW/ restaurante

right /pOW/ correcto/a (be ~: tener razn)

right now /pOW 'mP/ ahora mismo

shopping centre /'iFUBn gCmWL/ centro comercial

skin /gYBm/ piel

slide /goOX/ tobogn

smell (n) /glCo/ olor

smell (v) /glCo/ oler

sneeze (n) /gmAh/ estornudo

sneeze (v) /gmAh/ estornudar

sports centre /'gUGWg gCmWL/ polideportivo

spot /gUFW/ lunar; mancha

stadium /'gWCBXiLl/ estadio

stink /gWBnY/ apestar

supermarket /'gIULlEYBW/ supermercado

swimming pool /'grBlBn UIo/ piscina

teach /WAa/ ensear

ticket /'WBYBW/ entrada

topic /'WFUBY/ tema

town /WPm/ ciudad

truth /WpIe/ verdad

Turn left. /WKm 'oCcW/ Girar / Torcer a la izquierda.

Turn right. /WKm 'pOW/ Girar / Torcer a la derecha.

under /'JmXL/ debajo de

wait /rMW/ esperar

wait for /'rMW cL/ esperar

wait till /'rMW WBo/ esperar (hasta)

wall /rGo/ pared, muro

way /rM/ manera, forma

unIt 4

athlete /'DeoAW/ deportista; atleta

attack /L'WDY/ atacar

basketball /'VEgYBWVGo/ baloncesto

bowling /'VLHoBn/ bolos

bowling alley /'VLHoBn Doi/ bolera

brake /VpMY/ freno

catch /YDa/ coger, atrapar

climb /YoOl/ escalar

competition /YFlUL'WBim/ competicin

cycling /'gOYoBn/ ciclismo

dance /XEmg/ bailar

daydream (n) /'XMXpAl/ ensueo, ilusin daydream (v) /'XMXpAl/ soar despierto/a, fantasear dream (n) /XpAl/ sueo dream (v) /XpAl/ soardream about /XpAl L'VPW/ soar con

dream of /XpAl 'Ld/ soar con

dreamer /'XpAlL/ soador/a

drive /XpOd/ conducir, pilotar (un coche)

famous /'cCBlLg/ famoso/a famous for /'cCBlLg cL/ famoso/a por

fireproof suit /'cOLUpIc gIW/ traje ignfugo / a prueba de fuego

fly /coO/ pilotar (un avin)

football /'cHWVGo/ ftbol

game /ZMl/ juego; partido

gentle /'bCmWo/ delicado/a, suave

gymnastics /bBl'mgWBYg/ gimnasia

healthy /'kCoei/ sano/a, saludable helmet /'kColBW/ casco

hit /kBW/ golpear

judo /'bIXN/ judo

juggle /'bJZo/ hacer juegos malabares

jump /bJlU/ saltar

kick /YBY/ dar una patada

lift /oBcW/ levantar

lose a match /oIh L 'lWi/ perder un partido / combate lose weight /oIh 'rMW/ perder peso, adelgazar match /lWi/ partido; competicin

muscle /'lJgo/ msculo

nightmare /'mOWlS/ pesadilla pin /UBm/ bolo

player /'UoML/ jugador/a

quiet /'YrOLW/ tranquilo/a quite /YrOW/ bastante race /pMg/ carrera

racetrack /'pMgWpDY/ circuito (de carreras)

race walker /'pMg rGYL/ marchador/a

race walking /'pMg rGYBn/ marcha

racing car /'pMgBn YE/ coche de carreras

rescue /'pCgYqI/ rescatar

ride /pOX/ montar (en); pilotar

run /pJm/ correr


Glossaryrunning /'pJmBn/ correr

sail /gMo/ navegar; gobernar (un barco)

ski /gYA/ esquiar

skiing /'gYABn/ esqu

stomach /'gWJlLY/ estmago; abdomen

surf /gKc/ hacer surf

surfing /'gKcBn/ surf

swim /grBl/ nadar

swimming /'grBlBn/ natacin

tennis /'WCmBg/ tenis

throw /epN/ lanzar; tirar

weigh /rM/ pesar

weight /rMW/ peso

weightlifter /'rMWoBcWL/ levantador/a de peso, halterfilo/a

weightlifting /'rMWoBcWBn/ levantamiento de peso, halterofilia

win /rBm/ ganar

win a match /rBm L 'lWi/ ganar un partido / combate

unIt 5

action /'DYim/ (de) accin

adventure /LX'dCmWiL/ (de) aventuras

all over /Go 'NdL/ por todas partes

amazing /L'lMhBn/ asombroso/a, increble

animated /'DmBlMWBX/ (de) animacin / dibujos animados

appear /L'UBL/ aparecerattach /L'WDWi/ pegar, adherir barnacle /'VEmLYo/ percebe bat /VDW/ murcilago blood /VoJX/ sangreboring /'VGpBn/ aburrido/a

channel /'aDmo/ canal choice /aQg/ eleccin choose /aIh/ elegir comedy /'YFlLXi/ comedia

correct /YL'pCYW/ correcto/a (be ~: estar en lo cierto, tener razn)

count /YPmW/ conde creature /'YpAaL/ criatura

definitely /'XCcBmLWoi/ sin duda

disgusting /XBg'ZJgWBn/ asqueroso/a, repugnante

drama /'XpElL/ drama

educational /CXjH'YMiLmo/ educativo/a

enjoyable /Bm'bQLVo/ agradable; entretenido/a

exciting /BY'gOWBn/ emocionante

fact /cYW/ hecho (in ~: de hecho, en realidad)

fair /cCL/ blanco/a (piel)

flag /coZ/ bandera frightening /'cpOWmBn/ aterrador/a, espantoso/a

garlic /'ZEoBY/ ajo

get old /ZCW 'NoX/ envejecer

harm /kEl/ daar, hacer dao

(be) here to stay /VA kBL WL 'gWM/ (venir) para quedarse, no (ser) una moda pasajera

history /'kBgWpi/ historia horror /'kFpL/ (de) terror / miedo

instead of /Bm'gWCX Ld/ en vez de

interesting /'BmWpLgWBn/ interesante

jump out /bJlU 'PW/ salir de un salto

look after /oHY 'EcWL/ cuidar de / a; ocuparse de

look at /'oHY DW/ mirar look for /'oHY cG/ buscar look forward to /oHY 'cGrLX WL/ esperar (con ilusin), estar

deseando, tener muchas ganas de

look up something /oHY JU 'gJleBn/ buscar algo (informacin)

maybe /'lMVi/ quiz(s), tal vez

miss /lBg/ perder(se)

musical /'lqIhBYo/ musical

old-fashioned /NoX'cDimX/ anticuado/a, pasado/a de moda

predict /UpB'XBYW/ predecir realistic /piL'oBgWBY/ realista

romance /pN'lmg/ romntico/a

safe /gMc/ seguro/a, a salvo

science fiction /gOLmg 'cBYim/ (de) ciencia ficcin

shout /iPW/ gritar

silly /'gBoi/ tonto/a; absurdo/a

special /'gUCio/ especial

stay /gWM/ mantenerse; quedarse stay away from /gWM L'rCB cpLl/ alejarse de, no acercarse a

stay here /gWM 'kBL/ quedarse / permanecer aqu stay in /gWM 'Bm/ quedarse (en casa), no salir story /'gWGpi/ historia, narracinsuddenly /'gJXLmoi/ de repente / pronto

suggest /gL'bCgW/ aconsejar

surprising /gL'UpOhBn/ sorprendente

tentacle /'WCmWLYo/ tentculo

terrible /'WCpLVo/ terrible , espantoso/a

towards /WL'rGXh/ hacia

twilight /'WrOoOW/ crepsculo

unusual /Jm'qIjHLo/ inusual, poco comn / corriente

vampire /'dDlUOL/ vampiro/a

watch out /rFa 'PW/ tener cuidado

western /'rCgWLm/ pelcula del Oeste, western

Glossary


unIt 6

actor /'DYWL/ actor / actriz

ancient /'MmiLmW/ antiguo/a

angry /'DnZpi/ enfadado/a

architect /'EYBWCYW/ arquitecto/a

artist /'EWBgW/ artista

athlete /'DeoAW/ deportista; atleta

bake a cake /VMY L 'YMY/ hornear un pastel / una tarta

become famous /VBYJl 'cCBlLg/ hacerse famoso/a / conocido/a

build a model /VBoX L 'lFXo/ construir / hacer una maqueta

builder /'VBoXL/ albail

championship /'aDlUiLmiBU/ campeonato

chimney /'aBlmi/ chimenea

computer programmer /YLlUqIWL 'UpLHZpDlL/ programador/a

dentist /'XCmWBgW/ dentista

diver /'XOdL/ saltador/a

do the laundry /XI fL 'oGmXpi/ hacer la colada

doctor /'XFYWL/ doctor/a, mdico

download music /XPmoNX 'lqIhBY/ descargar msica

electrician /BoCY'WpBim/ electricista

employ /Bl'UoQ/ emplear / dar empleo a

employee /Bl'UoQA/ empleado/a

employer /Bl'UoQL/ empleador/a, empresario/a, patrn/ona

employment /Bl'UoQlLmW/ empleo, trabajo

factory worker /'cYWpi rKYL/ trabajador/a de una fbrica

fame /cMl/ fama

famous /'cCBlLg/ famoso/a, clebre

famous for /'cCBlLg cL/ famoso/a / conocido/a por

fighter /'cOWL/ guerrero/a; luchador/a finish /'cBmBi/ terminar

firefighter /'cOLcOWL/ bombero/a

fireplace /'cOLUoMg/ chimenea, hogar

genius /'bAmiLg/ genio

go hiking /ZLH 'kOYBn/ hacer senderismo

higher /kOL/ mayor, ms elevado/a / alto/a

IQ /O'YqI/ C.I., coeficiente intelectual

Korean /YL'pAm/ coreano/a; coreano (idioma)

law /oG/ ley

lawyer /'oGqL/ abogado/a

lucky /'oJYi/ afortunado/a

medallist /'lCXLoBgW/ medallista

paint /UCBmW/ pintar

pick up /UBY 'JU/ coger

place /UoMg/ colocar, poner

plumber /'UoJlL/ fontanero/a

poor /UG/ pobre

prepare dinner /UpBUCL 'XBmL/ preparar la cena

prodigy /'UpFXLbi/ prodigio

quickly /'YrBYoi/ deprisa, rpidamente

rich /pBWi/ rico/a

sailor /'gMoL/ marinero/a

secretary /'gCYpLWLpi/ secretario/a

select /gB'oCYW/ elegir

slowly /'goNoi/ despacio, lentamente

soldier /'gNobL/ soldado

start /gWEW/ empezar (~ a fire: encender un fuego)

taller /WGoL/ ms alto/a

unemployed /JmBl'UoQX/ desempleado/a, en paro

waiter /'rMWL/ camarero

wash the dishes /rFi fL 'XBiBh/ lavar / fregar los platos water the plants /rGWL fL 'UoEmWg/ regar las plantas

world-famous /rKoX'cCBlLg/ mundialmente famoso/a / conocido/a

wrestling /'pCgoBn/ lucha

write e-mails /pOW 'AlCBoh/ escribir correos electrnicos

writer /'pOWL/ escritor/a

unIt 7

armchair /'ElWiCL/ silln

bathroom /'VEepIl/ cuarto de bao

bedroom /'VCXpIl/ dormitorio, habitacin, cuarto

big trouble /VBZ 'WpJVo/ gran lo / problema

blanket /'VoDnYBW/ manta

brochure /'VpNiL/ folleto burn /VKm/ incendiar, quemar carpet /'YEUBW/ alfombra

challenge /'WiDoLmb/ desafo, reto

clock /YoFY/ reloj

cupboard /'YJVLX/ armario

curtain /'YKWBm/ cortina

cushion /'YHim/ cojn

desk /XCgY/ escritorio

dining room /'XOmBn pIl/ comedor

dishwasher /'XBirFiL/ lavavajillas

even /'Adm/ incluso

floor /coG/ piso; suelo

fridge /cpBb/ nevera, frigorfico

garden /'ZEXm/ jardn

get into trouble /ZCW BmWL 'WpJVo/ meterse en un lo / problemas

have trouble /kLd 'WpJVo/ tener problemas hope /kNU/ esperar (deseo, esperanza)


Glossaryitem /'OWLl/ artculo

keyboard /'YAVGX/ teclado

kitchen /'YBWiBm/ cocina

lamp /oDlU/ lmpara

living room /'oBdBn pIl/ cuarto de estar, saln

make a move /lMY L 'lId/ ponerse en marcha; dar un paso

make trouble /lMY 'WpJVo/ crear un lo, causar problemas

mark /lEY/ nota, calificacin

mess /lCg/ desorden, desastre

messy /'lCgi/ desordenado/a

microwave /'lOYpLrMd/ microondas

mirror /'lBpL/ espejo

move (n) /lId/ mudanza

move (v) /lId/ mudarse

move away /lId L'rCB/ irse; mudarse

move house /lId 'kPg/ mudarse / cambiarse de casa

moving /'lIdBn/ mudarse

neighbourhood /'mMVLkHX/ vecindario, barrio

no trouble /mN 'WpJVo/ sin problemas

office /'FcBg/ despacho, oficina

on the move /Fm fL 'lId/ de viaje; de un lado a otro

organise /'GZLmOh/ organizar

oven /'Jdm/ horno

photographer /cL'WFZpLcL/ fotgrafo/a

pillow /'UBoN/ almohada; cojn

price /UpOg/ precio

prize /UpOh/ premio

recycling /pA'gOYoBn/ reciclaje

relationship /pB'oMimiBU/ relacin

scavenger hunt /'gYDdBmbL kJmW/ bsqueda del tesoro; gymkhana, yincana

schoolchild /'gYIoaOoX/ colegial/a

schoolchildren /'gYIoWiBoXpLm/ colegiales/as

secret service /gAYpLW 'gKdBg/ (del) servicio secreto

shelf /iCoc / estante, balda

shelves /iCodh/ estantes, baldas; estantera

shower /'iPL/ ducha

sink /gBnY/ fregadero, pila; lavabo

store /gWG/ guardar, almacenar tidy /'WOXi/ ordenar toilet /'WQoLW / bao, servicio, vter

trophy /'WpNci/ trofeo

wait /rMW/ esperar (tiempo), aguardar

washing machine /'rFiBn lLiAm/ lavadora

worker /'rKYL/ trabajador/a

unIt 8

almost /'GolNgW/ casi

autumn /'GWLl/ otoo

away on holiday /LrCB Fm 'kFoLXM/ fuera / ausente por vacaciones

bad luck /VDX 'oJY/ mala suerte

be lucky /VA 'oJYi/ tener suerte

be on holiday /VA Fm 'kFoLXM/ estar de vacaciones

beach /VAWi/ playa

boots /VIWg/ botas

canyon /'YmqLm/ can

coat /YNW/ abrigo

collect /YL'oCYW/ coger; reunir, juntar

desert /'XChLW/ desierto

destination /XCgWB'mMim/ destino

disaster /XB'hEgWL/ desastre

dish /XBi/ plato

dolphin /'XFocim/ delfn

dream /XpAl/ de ensueo

dress /XpCg/ vestido

feast /cAgW/ banquete

fingerprint /'cBnZLUpBmW/ huella dactilarfollowing /'cFoNBn/ siguiente

forest /'cFpBgW/ bosque

glacier /'ZoDgiL/ glaciar

go on holiday /ZLH Fm 'kFoLXM/ irse de vacaciones

good luck /ZHX 'oJY/ buena suerte

hat /kDW/ gorro/a; sombrero

hill /kBo/ colina

holiday /'kFoLXM/ vacaciones

horse riding /'kGg pOXBn/ montar a caballo; equitacin

hot /kFW/ caluroso/a, clido/a; caliente (be ~: hacer calor)

island /'OoLmX/ isla

jeans /bAmh/ pantalones vaqueros

jungle /'bJnZo/ selva, jungla

lake /oMY/ lago

luck /oJY/ suerte; de la suerte

lucky /'oJYi/ afortunado/a, con suerte; de la suerte

lucky charm /'oJYi aEl/ amuleto

main dish /lCBm 'XBi/ plato principal

Majorca /lL'qGYL/ Mallorca

middle /'lBXo/ medio, mitad

mosque /lFgY/ mezquita

mountain /'lPmWLm/ montaa

ocean /'Nim/ ocano

plate /UoMW/ plato

Glossary


public holidays /UJVoBY 'kFoLXMh/ fiestas nacionales / oficiales

reef /pAc/ arrecife

right away /pOW L'rCB/ de inmediato, enseguida

river /'pBdL/ ro

sandals /'gDmXoh/ sandalias

scuba diving /'gYIVL XOdBn/ submarinismo

shirt /iKW/ camisa

shorts /iGWg/ pantalones cortos

side /gOX/ lado

skirt /gYKW/ falda

sleeping bag /'goAUBn VDZ/ saco de dormir

sock /gFY/ calcetn

spend /gUCmX/ pasar (tiempo); gastar spider /'gUOXL/ araa

squid /gYrBX/ calamar

stripe /gWpOU/ raya sweater /'grCWL/ jersey, suter

swimsuit /'grBlgIW/ baador

top /WFU/ superficie

trainers /'WpMmLh/ zapatillas de deporte

travel agency /'Wpdo CBbLmgi/ agencia de viajes

trousers /'WpPhLh/ pantalones

T-shirt /'aKW/ camiseta

valley /'dDoi/ valle

warm /rGl/ templado/a, clido/a

waterfall /'rGWLcGo/ cascada, catarata

weigh /rM/ pesar

worm /rKl/ lombriz, gusano

unIt 9

athletic /De'oCWBY/ atltico/a

battery /'VDWpi/ batera

break (n) /VpMY/ descanso; vacaciones

break (v) /VpMY/ romper(se), estropear(se)

breakfast /'VpCYcLgW/ desayuno

by mistake /VO lB'gWMY/ por error

calm /YEl/ tranquilo/a

clever /'YoCdL/ inteligente, listo/a

computers /YLl'UqIWLh/ informtica

confident /'YFmcBXLmW/ seguro/a de s mismo/a, confiado/a

contest /'YFmWCgW/ concurso

dance mat /XEmg 'lW/ alfombrilla de baile drawing /'XpGBn/ dibujo

DVD burner /XA dA 'XA VKmL/ grabador/a de DVD

earphones /'RcNmh/ auriculares

evil /'Ado/ malvado/a

favourite /'cCBdLpBW/ favorito/a

flash /coi/ parpadear, lanzar destellos

flower /'coPL/ flor

friendly /'cpCmXoi/ simptico/a

funny /'cJmi/ gracioso/a

give me a break /ZBd lA L 'VpMY/ dame un respiro

hard-working /kEX'rKYBn/ trabajador/a

have a break /kLd L 'VpMY/ tomarse un descanso, descansar

keyboard /'YAVGX/ teclado

kind /YOmX/ amable, atento/a laptop computer /oDUWFU YLl'UqIWL/ ordenador porttil

learn from mistakes /oKm cpLl lB'gWMYg/ aprender de los errores

make a mistake /lMY L lB'gWMY/ cometer un error, equivocarse

memory card /'lClLpi YEX/ tarjeta de memoria

modem /'lNXCl/ mdem

monitor /'lFmBWL/ monitor

mouse /lPg/ ratn

mousepad /'lPgUDX/ alfombrilla (del ratn)

nature /'mMaL/ naturaleza

nervous /'mKdLg/ nervioso/a

noise /mQh/ ruido

printer /'UpBmWL/ impresora

prize /UpOh/ premio

quiet /'YrOLW/ callado/a

report /pB'UGW/ informe scanner /'gYDmL/ escner

screen /gYpAm/ pantalla see /gA/ ver

serious /'gBLpiLg/ serio/a

shy /iO / tmido/a

sound /gPmX/ sonido

spaceship /'gUMgiBU/ nave espacial speaker /'gUAYL/ altavoz spelling mistakes /gUCoBn lB'gWMYg/ faltas de ortografa

sport /gUGW/ deporte

strong /gWpFn/ fuerte

succeed /gLY'gAX/ triunfar, tener xito survivor /gL'dOdL/ superviviente take a break /WCBY L 'VpMY/ tomarse un descanso, descansar

turn into /WKm 'BmWL/ convertirse en

turn off /WKm 'Fc/ apagar unfriendly /Jm'cpCmXoi/ antiptico/a

USB flash drive /qI Cg VA 'coDi XpOd/ memoria USB

villain /'dBoLm/ villano/a watch /rFa/ ver, mirar; observar

weak /rAY/ dbil

webcam /'rCVYDl/ cmara web

Grammar

Appendix

1010Advanced Real English 1 B Burlington Books

IntroductIon

EL PLURAL DE LOS SUSTANTIVOS Lamayoradelossustantivostienenunpluralregular.

Plural regular La mayora aaden -s para formar el plural.

dog dogs

Los terminados en s, sh, ch o x aaden -es.

kiss kisses

brush brushes

bench benches

box boxesAlgunos terminados en o aaden -es.

tomato tomatoes

(peropiano pianos)Si acaban en consonante + y cambian esa y por i y aaden -es, pero si terminan en vocal + y solo aaden -s.lorry lorries

boy boys

La mayora de los acabados en f o fe cambian la f o fe por v, y luego aaden -es.

shelf shelves

knife knives

(perochief chiefs)

Peroalgunostienenunpluralirregular.

Plural irregularfoot(pie),tooth(diente) feet,teethman(hombre),woman(mujer) men,womenchild(nio/a) children person(persona) peoplemouse(ratn) micedeer(ciervo),fish(pez),sheep(oveja) deer,fish,sheep

EL VERBO to beAfirmativa Forma contradaIam Im

Youare Youre

Heis Hes

Sheis Shes

Itis Its

Weare Were

Youare Youre

Theyare Theyre

Negativa Forma contradaIam not Im not

Youare not Youarent

Heis not He isnt

Sheis not Sheisnt

Itis not Itisnt

Weare not Wearent

Youare not Youarent

Theyare not Theyarent

InterrogativaRespuestas brevesAfirmativa Negativa

AmI...? Yes,I am. No,Im not.

Areyou...? Yes,you are. No, you arent.

Ishe...? Yes,he is. No,he isnt.

Isshe...? Yes,she is. No,she isnt.

Isit...? Yes, it is. No,it isnt.

Arewe...? Yes,we are. No,we arent.

Areyou...? Yes,you are. No,you arent.

Arethey...? Yes,they are. No,they arent.

Elverboto besignificaprincipalmenteseroestar. Afirmativa:sujeto+am/is/are.Eselnicoverboquetienetresformasdistintasenelpresente.Lasformascontradasseutilizanmsenlaconversacin.

Heisverythin.(lesmuydelgado.)

Negativa:sujeto+am/is/are+notolacontraccinnt(quesepuedeaadiraisyaare,peronoaam).

Theyarentgood-looking.(Nosonatractivos.)

Interrogativa:Am/Is/Are+sujeto. Isbasketballyourfavouritesport?(Elbaloncestoestudeportepreferido?)

Respuestas breves:pronombrepersonalsujeto+to besincontraerenafirmativaocontradoconnot ennegativa.

Isyourbirthdayinthesummer?Yes,itis./No,itisnt. (Tucumpleaosesenverano?S./No.)

1010

GrammarAppendix


Los usos del verbo to beDefinicionesyhechosgenerales

ManchesterisinEngland.(ManchesterestenInglaterra.)

SentimientosyestadosHeissadbutImhappy.(lesttristeperoyoestoyfeliz.)

Edad Iamthirteenyearsold.

(Tengotreceaos.)Profesiones,religionesynacionalidades

Mileyisasinger.(Mileyescantante.)

PreciosHowmuchisit?Its5euros.(Cuntoes?Son5euros.)

Medidas Hes1.70metrestall.(lmide1,70m.)

Tiempoatmosfrico Itiscold.(Hacefro.)

EL VERBO have gotAfirmativa Forma contradaIhave got Ive got

Youhave got Youve got

Hehas got Hes got

Shehas got Shes got

Ithas got Its got

Wehave got Weve got

Youhave got Youve got

Theyhave got Theyve got

Negativa Forma contradaIhave not got I havent got

Youhave not got Youhavent got

Hehas not got Hehasnt got

Shehas not got Shehasnt got

Ithas not got Ithasnt got

Wehave not got Wehavent got

Youhave not got Youhavent got

Theyhave not got Theyhavent got

InterrogativaRespuestas breves

Afirmativa Negativa

HaveIgot...? Yes,I have. No,I havent.

Haveyougot...? Yes,you have. No,you havent.

Hashegot...? Yes,he has. No,he hasnt.

Hasshegot...? Yes,she has. No,she hasnt.

Hasitgot...? Yes,it has. No,it hasnt.

Havewegot...? Yes,we have. No,we havent.

Haveyougot...? Yes,you have. No,you havent.

Have theygot...? Yes,they have. No,they havent.

Elverbohave gotsignificatener.Expresaloqueposeemosolascaractersticasdealguienoalgocuandolodescribimos.

Afirmativa:sujeto+have(ve)gotohas(s)got.

Youhave gotafamousbrother.(Tienesunhermanofamoso.)

Negativa:sujeto+have/has+not(nt)+got.

Theyhavent gotlongstraighthair.(Notienenelpelolargoyliso.)

Interrogativa:Have/Has+sujeto+got.

Have yougotapinkdiary?(Tienesundiariorosa?)

Respuestas breves:seponeelpronombrepersonalsujeto+have/hasohavent/hasnt(singot).

HasshegotaniPhone?Yes,shehas./No,shehasnt.(EllatieneuniPhone?S./No.)

LAS PARTcULAS INTERROgATIVASWho? Quin?,Quines? Whoisyoursister?

What? Qu?,Cul?,Cules?

Whatcolourarehereyes?

When? Cundo? Whenishisbirthday?

Where? Dnde? Whereareyoufrom?

Why? Porqu? Whyareyouhappy?

SeutilizanalprincipiodelaspreguntasquenosepuedencontestarconunSounNo.

EL gENITIVO SAJNSeempleaparaindicarposesin.Cuandohablamossobrealgooalguienqueperteneceapersonas,animalesopases,seaadeunapstrofo()yunasalposeedor.

Kevinsbrother(elhermanodeKevin)thedogsteeth(losdientesdelperro)Scotlandsweather(eltiempodeEscocia)

Sielposeedoresunpluralregularoacabaens,soloseaadeelapstrofo(),perosiesunpluralirregularseaades.

myparentshouse(lacasademispadres)themensjob(eltrabajodeloshombres)

Sielnombrepropioacabaens,sepuedeaadiros.

James/Jamessfamily(lafamiliadeJames)

Conlascosasseusaof,noelgenitivosajn.

theroofofthehouse(eltejadodelacasa)


GrammarAppendix

LOS ADJETIVOS y PRONOmBRES POSESIVOS Pronombrespersonalessujeto

Adjetivos posesivos

Pronombres posesivos

I my mine

you your yours

he his his

she her hers

it its -

we our ours

you your yours

they their theirs

Indicandequinesalgo.

Losadjetivosposesivossiemprevandelantedelsustantivoqueindicalacosaposeda,sinimportarelgnerooelnmeroqueestatenga.

myhouse,myeyes(micasa,misojos)

Enla3personadelsingularhaytresformas,dependiendodelgnerodelposeedor:masculino(his),femenino(her)oneutro(its).

Lospronombresposesivossustituyenalsustantivoqueindicalacosaposedayconcuerdanconelposeedor.

Thisroomisours.(Estahabitacinesnuestra.)

Enla3personadelsingulardelospronombresposesivoshaydosformas:masculina(his)yfemenina(hers).Nohayformaneutra.

this, that, these, those This este/esta/esto

That ese/esa/esooaquel/aquella/aquello

Serefierenanombrescontablesensingularyanombresnocontables.

These estos/estas

Those esos/esasoaquellos/aquellas

Soloparanombrescontablesenplural.

This/Theseindicanqueelsustantivoalqueserefierenestcercadelhablante.

That/Thoseindicanqueelsustantivoalqueserefierenestlejosdelhablante.

Siseutilizancomopronombres,novanseguidosdeunsustantivo.

Thisisherpet.(Estaessumascota.)Thatismyguitar.(Esaesmiguitarra.)Thesearemybrothers.(Estossonmishermanos.)Thosearehisglasses.(Aquellassonsusgafas.)

Funcionancomoadjetivoscuandovandelantedeunsustantivo.

Thisdressisshort.(Estevestidoescorto.)Thatgirlistall.(Esachicaesalta.)

Thesecoloursaredark.(Estoscoloressonoscuros.)Thoseflowersarenice.(Esasfloressonbonitas.)

unIt1

theRe is / theRe aRecontables No contables

Afirmativa There isabanana.There aresomeapples.

There issometea.

Negativa There isntanegg.There arentbeans.

There isntanymilk.

Interrogativa Is thereapancake?Are thereanyonions?

Is thereanybread?

Respuestas breves

Yes,there is./No,there isnt.Yes,there are./No,there arent.

Afirmativa:There isvaseguidodenombrescontablesensingularonocontables.There arevaseguidodenombrescontablesenplural.AmbossetraducencomoHay....

Negativa:There is/There are+lapartculanot(There is not/There are not)olacontraccinnt(There isnt/There arent).

Interrogativa:laspreguntasempiezanconIs / Are+there.

Respuestas breves:sevuelvealordennormalyenlanegativaseusanlasformascontradas.

LOS DETERmINANTES

the

Connombrescontablesynocontables.Seusandelantedeunnombrequeesconocidoporelhablante.

el,la,los/as

Ihavegotanorange.Theorangeisbig.Thesunisshining.Themoonisfulltonight.

a / an

Connombrescontablesensingular.Seusandelantedeunnombrequenoesconocidoporelhablante.

un/a astrawberry,anegg

some

Connombrescontablesenpluralynocontables.

unos/as,algunos/asalgode,unpocode(onosetraduce)

Therearesomemeatballs.Wevegotsomebutter.

any

Frasesnegativaseinterrogativas:Connombrescontablesenpluralynocontables.

ningn/unanadade(onosetraduce)

Theyhaventgotanysandwiches.Shehasntgotanyrice.

algn/unaalgunos/asalgode(onosetraduce)

Arethereanychips?Haveyougotanybutter?

1212

GrammarAppendix


Negativa:sujeto+do/does +not(ont)+verboenlaformabase.

Mysisterdoesnt likecoconuts. (Amihermananolegustanloscocos.)

Interrogativa:Do/Does+sujeto+verboenlaformabase.

Doyoulive inEngland?(VivesenInglaterra?)

Respuestas breves:pronombrepersonalsujeto+do/doesodont/doesnt.

Do wolvesliveingroups?Yes,they do./No,they dont. (Loslobosvivenengrupos?S./No.)

Los usos del Present simpleVerdadesgeneralesydescripciones

Thesunsetsinthewest.(Elsolseponeporeloeste.)

Hechoshabitualesocotidianos

Wegotoacatcafeveryweek.(Vamosaunacafeteradegatoscadasemana.)

Gustosyopiniones Lionslovemeat.(Alosleoneslesencantalacarne.)

Programasyhorarios Thetrainleavesat5oclock.(Eltrensalealascincoenpunto.)

ConelPresentSimplesesuelenusarlassiguientesexpresiones temporales:every day/week/year(todos/aslosdas/semanas/aos),once/twice a year(una/dosvecesalao),on+dadelasemanaenplural,at night(porlanoche),in the morning(porlamaana),in the summer(enverano),etc.Todaspuedeniralprincipiooalfinaldelafrase,perosesuelenponeralfinal.

Igotothedentistonce a year.(Voyaldentistaunavezalao.)

LOS ADVERBIOS DE FREcUENcIA ConelPresentSimpleseutilizanlossiguientesadverbiosdefrecuencia:

always siempre

usually normalmente

often amenudo

sometimes algunasveces,aveces

rarely raraveznever nunca

Estosadverbiosexpresanlafrecuenciaconlaquesehacealgo.Normalmentevandelantedelverboprincipal,exceptoenelcasodelverboto be,quevandetrs.

Agiraffeusually sleeps foranhouraday.(Unajirafanormalmenteduermeunahoraalda.)

Garfieldis always tired.(Garfieldestsiemprecansado.)

HOW mUcH / HOW mANy

How many ...?Cuntos/as...?

Nombrescontablesenplural.

How manyrestaurantsarethere?

How much ...?Cunto/a...?

Nombresnocontables.Cuandovaconelverboto besirveparapreguntarelpreciodeunacosa.

How muchsugardoyouneed?How muchisit?

Usamosestasexpresionesparapreguntarporlacantidaddealgo.

unIt2

EL PReseNt siMPLeAfirmativa Negativa Forma contradaIwalk Ido not walk Idont walk

Youwalk Youdo not walk Youdont walk

Hewalks Hedoes not walk Hedoesnt walk

Shewalks Shedoes not walk Shedoesnt walk

Itwalks Itdoes not walk Itdoesnt walk

Wewalk Wedo not walk Wedont walk

Youwalk Youdo not walk Youdont walk

Theywalk Theydo not walk Theydont walk


DoIwalk ...? Yes,I do. No,I dont.

Doyouwalk ...? Yes,you do. No, you dont.

Doeshewalk ...? Yes,he does. No,he doesnt.

Doesshewalk ...? Yes,she does. No,she doesnt.

Doesitwalk ...? Yes, it does. No,it doesnt.

Dowewalk ...? Yes,we do. No,we dont.

Doyouwalk ...? Yes,you do. No,you dont.

Dotheywalk ...? Yes,they do. No,they dont.

Afirmativa:escomolaformabasedelverbo(infinitivosinto)entodaslaspersonasmenosenla3delsingular,enlaqueseaade-s.

Hesleeps athomeeveryday.(lduermeencasacadada.)

Enlossiguientescasos,seaade-esenvezde-s:

-Siacabaenss,sh,chox:

pass-passes watch-watches

wash-washes mix-mixes

-Siacabaeno:

do-does go-goes

-Losverbosacabadosenconsonante+y,cambianlayporunai:

study-studies carry-carries


Grammar Appendix

UNIT 3

el PRESENT CONTINUOUSAfirmativa Forma contradaI am looking Im looking

You are looking Youre looking

He is looking Hes looking

She is looking Shes looking

It is looking Its looking

We are looking Were looking

You are looking Youre looking

They are looking Theyre looking

Negativa Forma contradaI am not looking Im not looking

You are not looking You arent / Youre not looking

He is not looking He isnt / Hes not looking

She is not looking She isnt / Shes not looking

It is not looking It isnt / Its not looking

We are not looking We arent / Were not looking

You are not looking You arent / Youre not looking

They are not looking They arent / Theyre not looking


Am I looking? Yes, I am. No, Im not.

Are you looking? Yes, you are. No, you arent.

Is he looking? Yes, he is. No, he isnt.

Is she looking? Yes, she is. No, she isnt.

Is it looking? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.

Are we looking? Yes, we are. No, we arent.

Are you looking? Yes, you are. No, you arent.

Are they looking? Yes, they are. No, they arent.

Expresa lo que est ocurriendo mientras se habla o en el periodo de tiempo presente.

Afirmativa: sujeto + am / is / are + un verbo terminado en -ing.

She is reading now. (Ella est leyendo ahora.)

En los siguientes casos, hay que fijarse en estas reglas ortogrficas para aadir -ing al verbo:

- Si acaba en e muda, se pierde la e: live - living

- Si es de 1 slaba y acaba en 1 vocal + 1 consonante, se dobla esta consonante: run - running sit - sitting

- Si es de 2 slabas y tiene el acento en la ltima, se dobla la ltima consonante: prefer - preferring begin - beginning

- Si acaba en l, se dobla esa letra: travel - travelling

- Si acaba en ie, se cambia ie por una y: lie - lying die - dying

Negativa: sujeto + am / is / are + not o nt (que se puede aadir a is y a are, pero no a am) + un verbo terminado en -ing. En conversacin suele usarse la forma contrada.

She isnt studying at the moment. (Ella no est estudiando en este momento.)

Interrogativa: Am / Is / Are + sujeto + un verbo terminado en -ing.

Are they watching a film right now? (Estn viendo una pelcula ahora mismo?)

Respuestas breves: pronombre personal sujeto + verbo to be (sin contraer en afirmativa o contrado en negativa).

Are you waiting for a pizza? Yes, I am. / No, Im not. (Ests esperando una pizza? S. / No.)

Con el Present Continuous se suelen usar las siguientes expresiones temporales: now (ahora), at the moment (en este momento), right now (justo ahora, ahora mismo), today (hoy), these days (hoy en da), this week (esta semana), etc. Todas pueden ir al principio o al final de la frase, pero se suelen poner al final.

I am buying some clothes right now. (Estoy comprando algo de ropa ahora mismo.)

CONTRASTe PRESENT CONTINUOUS / PRESENT SIMPLEEl Present Simple expresa hbitos y rutinas, pero el Present Continuous indica lo que est ocurriendo mientras se habla.

They usually meet at the sports centre, but today theyre meeting at the library. (Normalmente quedan en el polideportivo, pero hoy quedan en la biblioteca.)

los verbos estticosSe utilizan para expresar gustos, deseos, sentimientos y emociones, actividades de la mente y opiniones, percepcin y posesin y no se suelen utilizar con el Present Continuous.

lovelikehatewant

gustos, deseos, sentimientos y emociones

thinkrememberknowunderstandbelieve

actividades de la mente y opiniones

seehearsmelltastefeel

percepcin

own posesin

1414

GrammarAppendix


Ilikethenewmuseum. (Megustaelnuevomuseo.)

Do youknowhisphonenumber?(Sabessunmerodetelfono?)

Thefishsmellsbad.(Elpescadohuelemal.)

Myfatherownsarestaurant.(Mipadretieneunrestaurante.)

unIt4

LOS mODALES

Can / CantAfirmativa Negativa Forma contradaIcan run I cannot run I cant run

Youcan run Youcannot run You cant run

Hecan run He cannot run He cant run

Shecan run She cannot run She cant run

Itcan run It cannot run It cant run

Wecan run We cannot run We cant run

Youcan run You cannot run You cant run

Theycan run They cannot run They cant run


Afirmativa NegativaCanIrun? Yes,I can. No,I cant.

Can you run? Yes,you can. No,you cant.

Can he run? Yes,he can. No,he cant.

Can she run? Yes,she can. No,she cant.

Can it run? Yes,it can. No,it cant.

Can we run? Yes,we can. No,we cant.

Can you run? Yes,you can. No,you cant.

Can they run? Yes,they can. No,they cant.

Elverbomodalcansignificasaberopoder.

Afirmativa:sujeto+can+verboenlaformabase.Comoesunverbomodal,noseaade-s enla3personadelsingular.

Hecandojudo.(lsabehacerjudo.)

Negativa:sujeto+cannotocant+verboenlaformabase.

Mysistercantplaybasketball.(Mihermananosabe/puedejugaralbaloncesto.)

Interrogativa:Can+sujeto+verboenlaformabase.

Canyouswim?(Sabes/Puedesnadar?)

Respuestas breves:seponeelpronombrepersonalsujeto+canocant.

Canyouliftheavyweights?Yes,Ican./No,Icant.(Puedeslevantarpesospesados?S./No.)

Los usos del verbo canHabilidadocapacidadparahaceralgo:saber

Hecan readbooksinGerman.(lsabeleerlibrosenalemn.)

Posibilidaddehaceralgo:poder

Icandriveyouhome.(Puedollevarteacasa.)

Peticindepermisoofavores:poder

Canyoucometomorrow?(Puedesvenirmaana?)

Must / MustntAfirmativa NegativaImust practise I mustnt practise

Youmust practise Youmustnt practise

Hemust practise He mustnt practise

Shemust practise She mustnt practise

Itmust practise It mustnt practise

Wemust practise We mustnt practise

Youmust practise You mustnt practise

Theymust practise They mustnt practise

Elverbomodalmustenafirmativasignificadeberyexpresalaobligacinolanecesidadgrandedehaceralgo.Ennegativaexpresaprohibicin,quealgonoestpermitidooquenosedebehacerporquenoesconvenienteocorrecto.

Afirmativa:sujeto+must+verboenlaformabase.Comotambinesunverbomodal,noseaade-s enla3personadelsingular.

Youmustwearauniform.(Debesllevaruniforme.)

Negativa:sujeto+must notomustnt+verboenlaformabase.

Youmustnteathere.(Nodebescomeraqu.)[estprohibido]

Interrogativa: Must +sujeto+verboenlaformabase.Enestecaso,mustexpresaobligacinonecesidad,aunqueesteverbomodalnosesueleusarenlaformainterrogativa.

MustIdomyhomeworknow?(Debohacerlosdeberesahora?)

Respuestas breves:seponeelpronombrepersonalsujeto+mustomustnt.

Mustwekicktheball?Yes,you must./No,you mustnt.(Debemosdarunapatadaalapelota?S./No.)

should / shouldntAfirmativa NegativaIshould go I shouldnt go

Youshould go Youshouldnt go

Heshould go He shouldnt go

Sheshould go She shouldnt go

Itshould go It shouldnt go

Weshould go We shouldnt go

Youshould go You shouldnt go

Theyshould go They shouldnt go


GrammarAppendix


Afirmativa NegativaShould I go? Yes,I should. No,I shouldnt.

Should you go? Yes,you should. No,you shouldnt.

Should he go? Yes,he should. No,he shouldnt.

Should she go? Yes,she should. No,she shouldnt.

Should it go? Yes,it should. No,it shouldnt.

Should we go? Yes,we should. No,we shouldnt.

Should you go? Yes,you should. No,you shouldnt.

Should they go? Yes,they should. No,they shouldnt.

Afirmativa:sujeto+should+verboenlaformabase.Comotambinesunverbomodal,noseaade-s enla3personadelsingular

Heshouldeathealthyfood.(Deberacomercomidasaludable.)

Negativa:sujeto+should not oshouldnt+formabasedelverbo.

Youshouldntdrivequickly.(Nodeberasconducirdeprisa.)

Interrogativa:Should+sujeto+verboenlaformabase.

ShouldIchoose acharacter?(Deberaescogerunpersonaje?)

Respuestas breves:seponeelpronombrepersonalsujeto+shouldoshouldnt.

ShouldIloseweight?Yes,youshould./No,youshouldnt.(Deberaperderpeso?S./No.)

Los usos de should / shouldnt

Darconsejos Youshould dosport.(Deberashacerdeporte.)

Decirloquesedeberaonohacer

Heshouldnt danceatparties.(Nodeberabailarenlasfiestas.)

LOS ADVERBIOS DE mODOAdjetivo Adverbio de modobad malo/a badly mal

slow lento/a slowly despacio

quick rpido/a quicklydeprisa,rpidamente

careful cuidadoso/a carefullyconcuidado,cuidadosamente

easy fcil easilyconfacilidad,fcilmente

quiet callado/a quietlyensilencio,sinhacerruido

clear claro/a clearlyconclaridad,claramente

generous generoso/a generously generosamente

regular regular regularly regularmente

Losadverbiosdemodomodificanalosverbos,yaquedescribenlaformaenqueserealizalaaccin.ConellosserespondealaspreguntasquecomienzanporHow ...? (Cmo...?).

Seformanaadiendolaterminacin-lyaladjetivocorrespondiente.

Shealwaysdoesherworkcarefully.(Ellasiemprehacesutrabajoconcuidado.)

Losadjetivosacabadosenconsonante+y,cambianlay poriyluegoaaden-ly.

easy-easily

happy-happily

Adjetivo Adverbio de modo irregular

good bueno/a well bien

hard duro/a,difcil hard duramente,mucho

fast rpido/a fast deprisa,rpidamente

high alto/a high agranaltura

Hayadverbiosirregulares,comolosdelatablaanterior.

Theyswimfast.(Ellosnadandeprisa.)

LOS ADVERBIOS DE INTENSIDADvery muy

quite bastante,muy

not at all nada,enabsoluto

fairly bastante

reasonably bastante;razonablemente

slightly ligeramente,unpoco

completely completamente

Vandelantedeotrosadverbiosodeadjetivosymatizansusignificadodandounaideademayoromenorintensidad.

Shejumpsquitehigh.(Ellasaltabastantealto.)Janedoesntswimat all well.(Janenonadanadabien.)

unIt5

EL cOmPARATIVO DE LOS ADJETIVOS

La forma comparativaParacomparardoscosas,animalesopersonasseutilizanlosadjetivosengradocomparativo.

Elcomparativodesuperioridad(ms...que)seusaparacomparardoscosas,animalesopersonascuandounasuperaalaotraenalgnaspecto.Paraformarlohayquefijarseenlalongituddeladjetivo:

1616

GrammarAppendix


1.Sitiene1slaba,o2yterminaeny,eladjetivoseconsideracortoyseleaadelaterminacin-er.Detrsseponelapartculathan.

Myhairisshorter thanyours.(Mipeloesmscortoqueeltuyo.)

Enlossiguientescasos,eladjetivocambiaalaadirle-er:

-Sitiene1slabayacabaen1 vocal+1 consonante,sedoblaesaconsonante:thin-thinner big - bigger

-Sitiene2slabasyacabaenconsonante+y,secambialayporunai:silly-sillier ugly - uglier

-Siacabaenl,seduplicaesaletra:cruel-crueller

-Siacabaenemuda,soloseaade-r:nice-nicer

2.Sitiene2slabasoms,eladjetivoseconsideralargoylacomparativaseformaconmore+adjetivo+than.

Thisbookismore interesting thanthatfilm.(Estelibroesmsinteresantequeesapelcula.)

Elcomparativodeigualdadseformausando(not)as+adjetivo+as((no)tan...como).

Sheisnt as intelligent asyou.(Ellanoestaninteligentecomot.)

Elcomparativodeinferioridadseformaconless+adjetivo+than(menos...que).

Westernsareless enjoyable thancomedies.(LaspelculasdelOestesonmenosentretenidasquelascomedias.)

La forma superlativaSeusaparacompararmsdedoscosas,animalesopersonasydecirqueunadestacasobrelasdems.

Seponethedelantedeladjetivoytambinhayquetenerencuentasulongitud:

-Siescorto,seleaadelaterminacin-est.

Jimisthe oldest student intheclass.(Jimeselalumnomsmayordelaclase.)

Siguelasmismasreglasqueparaformarelcomparativo con-er.

big-biggest sad-saddestpretty-prettiest happy-happiestwide-widest large-largestcruel-cruellest

-Sieslargo,seponedelantethe most. Thisisthe most frightening story Iknow.(Estaeslahistoriamsaterradoraqueconozco.)

Elsuperlativopuedeirseguidodelaspreposicionesin,of yon.IsCopenhagenthe most beautifulcityin Europe?(CopenhagueeslaciudadmsbonitadeEuropa?)

Todayisthe most special dayof theyear.(Hoyeseldamsespecialdelao.)

Whatsthe most dangerousplaceon Earth?(CulesellugarmspeligrosodelaTierra?)

Paraindicarquealguienoalgoesinferiorqueelrestoenalgnaspectoseutilizalaestructurathe least+adjetivo.

Thislessonisthe least boring oneinthebook.(Estaleccineslamenosaburridadellibro.)

Los adjetivos irregularesNosiguenningunaregla,yporeso,hayqueaprendersusformascomparativaysuperlativadememoria.

Adjetivo comparativo Superlativogood (bueno/a) better than the best

bad(malo/a) worse than the worst

far (lejano/a)farther/further than

the farthest/furthest

little(poco/a) less than the least

unIt6

EL Past siMPLeAfirmativa Negativa Forma contradaIstarted I did not start I didnt start

Youstarted Youdid not start You didnt start

Hestarted He did not start He didnt start

Shestarted She did not start She didnt start

Itstarted It did not start It didnt start

Westarted We did not start We didnt start

Youstarted You did not start You didnt start

Theystarted They did not start They didnt start


Did Istart ...? Yes,I did. No,I didnt.

Did youstart ...? Yes,you did. No,you didnt.

Did hestart ...? Yes,he did. No,he didnt.

Did shestart ...? Yes,she did. No,she didnt.

Did itstart ...? Yes,it did. No,it didnt.

Did westart ...? Yes,we did. No,we didnt.

Did youstart ...? Yes,you did. No,you didnt.

Did theystart ...? Yes,they did. No,they didnt.

Afirmativa:seformaaadiendo-edalosverbosregularesyesigualentodaslaspersonas.

Iwalked homelastnight.(Caminhastacasaanoche.)


GrammarAppendix

Enlossiguientescasos,hayquefijarseenestasreglasortogrficasparaaadir-ed:

-Siacabaene muda,soloseaade-d:dance-danced arrive-arrived

-Siesde1slabayacabaen1 vocal+1 consonante,sedoblaestaconsonante:stop-stopped plan-planned

-Siesde2slabasytieneelacentoenlaltima,sedoblalaltimaconsonante:prefer-preferred permit-permitted

-Siacabaenl,sedoblaesaletra:travel-travelled

-Siacabaenconsonante+y,secambialayporunai:study-studied try - tried

Negativa:sujeto+did notodidnt+verboenlaformabase.

Shedidnt livethere.(Ellanoviviall.)

Interrogativa:Did+sujeto+verboenlaformabase.

Didyoudiscover thetruth?(Tdescubristelaverdad?

Respuestas breves:seponeelpronombrepersonalsujeto+didodidnt.

Didheclimb MountEverest?Yes,he did./No,he didnt.(lescalelEverest?S./No.)

Los usos del Past simple

Expresaraccionespasadas

Heworkedinabankoneyearago.(ltrabajenunbancohaceunao.)

Decirqusehizoenunmomentoconcreto

Theyusedthecomputeryesterday.(Ellosutilizaronelordenadorayer.)

Contarhistoriasenpasado

Istudiedfortwohours.ThenIplayedwithmybrother.(Estudidurantedoshoras.Luegojuguconmihermano.)

Contarcmoeranlascosasenotrotiempo

Thewarstarted in1939.(Laguerraempezen1939.)

ConelPastSimplesesuelenusarestasexpresiones temporales:lasquellevanago(hace)alfinaldelaexpresin,last night/week/year (anoche,lasemanapasada,elaopasado),at+unahora,on+undaounafecha,in+unao,in the past(enelpasado),yesterday(ayer),etc.Puedeniralprincipiooalfinaldelafrase,perosesuelenponeralfinal.

Theplanearrivedat 5 pm.(Elavinllegalas5p.m.)

Wetalkedtohimlast week.(Hablamosconllasemanapasada.)

El Past simple de los verbos irregularesLosverbosirregularescambiansuformadepasadoenafirmativa.Nosiguenningunaregla,yporeso,hayqueaprenderlosdememoria.

Enlaspginas23-24hayunalista,yestossonalgunosdelosmscomunes:

be was / were ser,estar

begin began empezar

do did hacer

go went ir

have had tener

hear heard or

read read leer

see saw ver

sing sang cantar

Elverboto betienedosformasdiferentesdepasado.

Afirmativa Negativa Forma contradaIwas I was not I wasntYouwere Youwere not You werentHewas He was not He wasntShewas She was not She wasntItwas It was not It wasntWewere We were not We werentYouwere You were not You werent

Theywere They were not They werent

Myfatherwas afirefighter30yearsago.(Mipadrefuebomberohace30aos.)

Wewerent atthecinemaonWednesday.(Noestbamosenelcineelmircoles.)


Was I...? Yes,I was. No,I wasnt.Were you...? Yes,you were. No,you werent.Was he...? Yes,he was. No,he wasnt.Was she...? Yes,she was. No,she wasnt.Was it...? Yes,it was. No,it wasnt.Were we...? Yes,we were. No,we werent.Were you...? Yes,you were. No,you werent.

Were they...? Yes,they were. No,they werent.

Wherewere youyesterdayevening?(Dndeestabasayerporlanoche?)

Was hergrandfatheraplumber?Yes,hewas. /No,he wasnt.(Suabueloerafontanero?)S./No.)

1818

GrammarAppendix


theRe Was / theRe WeRe

contables No contables

Afirmativa There wasatree.There weredishes.

There wassomebutter.

Negativa There wasntaplant.There werentballs.

There wasntanymusic.

Interrogativa Was thereachild?Were therepaintings?

Was thereanyrice?

Respuestas breves

Yes,there was./No,there wasnt.Yes,there were./No,there werent.

SonlasformasdepasadodeThere isyThere arey,porlotanto,significanHaba...oHubo....

Afirmativa:There wasvaseguidodenombrescontablesensingularonocontables.There werevaseguidodenombrescontablesenplural.

Negativa:There was/There were+lapartculanot(There was not/There were not)olacontraccinnt(There wasnt/There werent).

Interrogativa:laspreguntasempiezanporWas / Were+there.

Respuestas breves:sevuelvealordennormalyenlanegativaseusanlasformascontradas.

unIt7

EL Past CoNtiNUoUsAfirmativa Negativa Forma contradaIwas doing I was not doing I wasnt doing

Youwere doing Youwere not doing You werent doing

Hewas doing He was not doing He wasnt doing

Shewas doing She was not doing She wasnt doing

Itwas doing It was not doing It wasnt doing

Wewere doing We were not doing We werent doing

Youwere doing You were not doing You werent doing

Theywere doing They were not doing They werent doing


Was Idoing ...? Yes,I was. No,I wasnt.

Were youdoing ...? Yes,you were. No,you werent.

Was hedoing ...? Yes,he was. No,he wasnt.

Was shedoing ...? Yes,she was. No,she wasnt.

Was itdoing ...? Yes,it was. No,it wasnt.

Were wedoing ...? Yes,we were. No,we werent.

Were youdoing ...? Yes,you were. No,you werent.

Were theydoing ...? Yes,they were. No,they werent.

Afirmativa:sujeto+was/were+unverboterminadoen-ing.

Iwas eating inthediningroom. (Estabacomiendoenelcomedor.)

Lasreglasparaaadir-ing seencuentranenlapg.14.

Negativa:sujeto+was/were +lapartculanotolacontraccinnt+unverboterminadoen-ing.

Youwerent sleeping inyourbed.(Noestabasdurmiendoentucama.)

Interrogativa:Was/Were+sujeto+unverboterminadoen-ing.

Wereyoucleaning thebathrooms?(Estabaslimpiandoloscuartosdebao?)

Respuestas breves:seponeelpronombrepersonalsujeto+was / weresincontraerenafirmativaocontradoconlapartculanotennegativa.

Was hewriting inhisnotebook?Yes,he was./No,he wasnt.(lestabaescribiendoensucuaderno?S./No.)


GrammarAppendix

Los usos del Past Continuous

Expresarloqueestabaocurriendoenelpasado

Theywere sitting onthesofaat9oclockthatevening.(Estabansentadosenelsofalasnueveenpuntoesanoche.)

Describirdosomsaccionesprolongadasysimultneasenelpasado

Wewere watchingafilmandtheywere listeningtomusic.(Estbamosviendounapelculayellosestabanescuchandomsica.)

unIt8

EL FUTURO cON be goiNg to

Afirmativa Forma contrada

Iam going to fly Im going to fly

Youare going to fly Youre going to fly

He is going to fly Hes going to fly

Sheis going to fly Shes going to fly

Itis going to fly Its going to fly

Weare going to fly Were going to fly

Youare going to fly Youre going to fly

Theyare going to fly Theyre going to fly

Negativa y forma contrada

Iam not/Im not going to fly

Youare not/Youarent/Youre not going to fly

Heis not/Heisnt/ Hes not going to fly

Sheis not/Sheisnt/Shes not going to fly

Itis not/Itisnt/ Its not going to fly

Weare not/Wearent/Were not going to fly

Youare not/Youarent/Youre not going to fly

Theyare not/Theyarent/ Theyre not going to fly


AmIgoing to fly? Yes,I am. No,Im not.

Areyougoing to fly? Yes,you are. No,you arent.

Ishegoing to fly? Yes,he is. No,he isnt.

Isshegoing to fly? Yes,she is. No,she isnt.

Isitgoing to fly? Yes,it is. No,it isnt.

Arewegoing to fly? Yes,we are. No,we arent.

Areyougoing to fly? Yes,you are. No,you arent.

Aretheygoing to fly? Yes,they are. No,they arent.

Significair/noira+infinitivo.

Afirmativa:sujeto+to beenpresente+ going to+verboenlaformabase.

Timis going to sailonaboatthisafternoon. (Timvaanavegarenbarcoestatarde.)

Negativa:sujeto+ to beenpresente+ not (nt)+going to+verboenlaformabase.

Theyarent going to visitIndiasoon. (NovanairavisitarlaIndiapronto.)

Interrogativa:to beenpresente+sujeto+going to+verboenlaformabase.

Is shegoing to travelaroundtheworld? (Ellavaaviajaralrededordelmundo?)

Respuestas breves:seponeelpronombrepersonalsujeto+elverboto be,sincontraerenafirmativaocontradoconlapartculanotennegativa.

Are yougoing to gohikingonSunday?Yes,I am./No,Im not.(Vasairahacersenderismoeldomingo?S./No.)

Los usos del futuro con be going to

Hablardeintenciones,planesodecisiones

Im going to cooksausagesfordinner.(Voyacocinarsalchichasparacenar.)

Expresarloquevaasucederporquesevenindiciosdeello

Lookattheclouds!Its going to rain.(Miralasnubes!Vaallover!)

Conbe going tosesuelenusarlassiguientesexpresiones temporales:later(mstarde,luego),soon(pronto,dentrodepoco),this afternoon/evening(estatarde),tonight(estanoche),tomorrow(maana),in+unao,next week/month/year(lasemana/elmes/elaoqueviene),in the future(enelfuturo),on+undadelasemanaofecha,etc.Todaspuedeniralprincipiooalfinaldelafrase,perosesuelenponeralfinal.

Im going to wearsandalstomorrow. (Voyallevarsandaliasmaana.)

Next weekend,Iam going to have aparty.(Elprximofindesemana,voyahacerunafiesta.)

EL PReseNt CoNtiNUoUs cON VALOR DE FUTURO ElPresentContinuous(comoyasehavistoenlaunidad3)seusaparaexpresarloqueestocurriendomientrassehabla.Seformaconto be+unverboterminadoen-ing,ysedebenseguirunasreglasortogrficasparaaadircorrectamenteesaterminacin.

Pero,adems,elPresentContinuoustienevalordefuturo,porqueseusaparahablardeaccionesfijadasconantelacinqueocurrirnenunfuturoprximo.

MyfamilyandIare movingtoLondonthissummer.(Mifamiliayyonostrasladamos/trasladaremosaLondresesteverano.)

2020

GrammarAppendix


LadiferenciaconelPresentContinuousnormalestenqueelquetienevalordefuturodebellevarunaexpresintemporaldefuturoqueindiquecundovaaocurrirlaaccin:this afternoon/evening(estatarde),on+undadelasemanaounafecha,in+unmesounao,next week/month(lasemana/elmesqueviene),at+unahora,tomorrow(maana),in ten minutes(dentrodediezminutos),etc.

Theplaneis leavingin two hours.(Elavinsale/saldrendoshoras.)

unIt9

EL FUTURO cON WiLLAfirmativa Forma contradaIwill win Ill winYouwill win Youll winHewill win Hell winShewill win Shell winItwill win Itll winWewill win Well winYouwill win Youll winTheywill win Theyll win

Negativa Forma contradaIwill not win Iwont winYouwill not win Youwont winHewill not win Hewont winShewill not win Shewont winItwill not win Itwont winWewill not win Wewont winYouwill not win Youwont winThey will not win Theywont win


WillIwin...? Yes,Iwill. No,Iwont.Willyouwin...? Yes,youwill. No,youwont.Willhewin...? Yes,hewill. No,hewont.Willshewin...? Yes,shewill. No,shewont.Willitwin...? Yes,itwill. No,itwont.Willwewin...? Yes,wewill. No,wewont.Willyouwin...? Yes,youwill. No,youwont.Willtheywin...? Yes,theywill. No,theywont.

Afirmativa:sujeto+elauxiliarwill+verboenlaformabase.Esigualentodaslaspersonas.Enlaconversacin,willsecontraeconelsujeto(ll)ysepronunciacomounasolal.

Wewill receiveagoodmarkinthetest. (Obtendremosunabuenanotaenelexamen.)

Negativa:sujeto+willnotowont +verboenlaformabase.

Theywont makemistakes. (Ellosnocometernerrores.)

Interrogativa:Will+sujeto+verboenlaformabase.

Willitrain tomorrow?(Llovermaana?)

Respuestas breves:seponeelpronombrepersonalsujeto+willowont.

Willyoucopy thepicturesontoyourlaptopcomputer?Yes,Iwill./No,I wont.(Copiarslasfotosentuordenadorporttil?)S./No.)

Los usos del futuro con will

Predecirloquesecreequeocurrir

Ithinktheywill winthematch.(Creoqueganarnelpartido.)

Expresardecisionesrepentinas

Itscold.Ill closethewindow.(Hacefro.Cerrarlaventana.)

Conwillsesuelenusarexpresiones temporales comolater(mstarde),soon(pronto),in an hour(dentrodeunahora),tomorrow(maana),next week / month / year(lasemana/elmes/elaoqueviene),etc.Tambinseusanotrasqueindicanunfuturolejano:in ten years(endiezaos),in+unao,one day(algnda),in the future(enelfuturo),etc.Todaspuedeniralprincipiooalfinaldelafrase,perosesuelenponeralfinal.

In the future,wewill onlyreadbooksoncomputers. (Enelfuturo,sololeeremoslibrosenlosordenadores.)

EL PRImER cONDIcIONALSeusaparahablardeaccionesqueocurrirnsisecumplelacondicinsealada.Lasoracionescondicionalestienendospartes:unaproposicinsubordinadaqueexpresalacondicinyunaprincipalqueindicaelresultado.

Afirmativa:lacondicin(oracinsubordinada)seexpresaconif+PresentSimple,yelresultado(oracinprincipal)sueleirenfuturoconwill.

Silacondicinvaprimero,seponeunacomaentrelaoracinprincipalylasubordinada.

Ifhegetshomelate,hisparentswill beangry. (Silllegatardeacasa,suspadresseenfadarn.)

Hisparentswill beangryifhegetshomelate. (Suspadresseenfadarnsilllegatardeacasa.)


GrammarAppendix Negativa:sepuedenegarelverboenpresente,elverboenfuturooambos.

Ifshedoesntcometoschool,Iwill callher. (Siellanovienealcolegio,lallamar.)

Ifshecomes toschool,Iwont callher. (Siellavienealcolegio,nolallamar.)

Ifshedoesnt cometoschool,Iwont callher. (Siellanovienealcolegio,nolallamar.)

Interrogativa:Will+sujeto+predicadodelaoracinprincipal+oracinsubordinada.

WilltheywatchTVif itissunny? (Vernlatelevisinsihacesol?)

Respuestas breves:seponeelpronombrepersonalsujeto+willowont.

Willyouneedanewkeyboardif youbuythiscomputer?Yes,Iwill./No,Iwont.(Necesitarsunnuevotecladosicomprasesteordenador?)S./No.)

2222

IrregularVerbList


BASE FORm (V1) PAST SImPLE (V2) PAST PARTIcIPLE (V3) cASTELLANObe/VA/ was/were/rFh/rK/ been/VAm/ ser,estarbeat/VAW/ beat/VAW/ beaten/'VAWm/ golpearbecome/VB'YJl/ became/VB'YMl/ become/VB'YJl/ llegaraser,convertirsebegin/VB'ZBm/ began/VB'Zm/ begun/VB'ZJm/ empezarbend/VCmX/ bent/VCmW/ bent/VCmW/ doblar(se)bet/VCW/ bet/VCW/ bet/VCW/ apostarbite/VOW/ bit/VBW/ bitten/'VBWm/ morderbleed/VoAX/ bled/VoCX/ bled/VoCX/ sangrarblow/VoLH/ blew/VoI/ blown/VoLHm/ soplarbreak/VpMY/ broke/VpLHY/ broken/'VpLHYLm/ romperbring/VpBn/ brought/VpGW/ brought/VpGW/ traerbuild/VBoX/ built/VBoW/ built/VBoW/ construirburn/VKm/ burnt/burned/VKmW/VKmX/ burnt/burned/VKmW/VKmX/ quemarbuy/VO/ bought/VGW/ bought/VGW/ comprarcatch/Ya/ caught/YGW/ caught/YGW/ coger,agarrarchoose/aIh/ chose/aLHh/ chosen/'aLHhm/ elegircome/YJl/ came/YMl/ come/YJl/ venircost/YFgW/ cost/YFgW/ cost/YFgW/ costarcut/YJW/ cut/YJW/ cut/YJW/ cortardig/XBZ/ dug/XJZ/ dug/XJZ/ cavardo/XI/ did/XBX/ done/XJm/ hacerdraw/XpG/ drew/XpI/ drawn/XpGm/ dibujardream/XpAl/ dreamt/dreamed/XpClW/XpAlX/ dreamt/dreamed/XpClW/XpAlX/ soardrink/XpBnY/ drank/XpnY/ drunk/XpJnY/ beberdrive/XpOd/ drove/XpLHd/ driven/'XpBdm/ conducireat/AW/ ate/CBW/ eaten/AWm/ comerfall/cGo/ fell/cCo/ fallen/'cGoLm/ caer(se)feed/cAX/ fed/cCX/ fed/cCX/ alimentarfeel/cAo/ felt/cCoW/ felt/cCoW/ sentir(se)fight/cOW/ fought/cGW/ fought/cGW/ luchar,pelearfind/cOmX/ found/cPmX/ found/cPmX/ encontrarfly/coO/ flew/coI/ flown/coLHm/ volarforget/cL'ZCW/ forgot/cL'ZFW/ forgotten/cL'ZFWm/ olvidarforgive/cL'ZBd/ forgave/cL'ZMd/ forgiven/cL'ZBdm/ perdonarfreeze/cpAh/ froze/cpLHh/ frozen/'cpLHhm/ congelar(se)get/ZCW/ got/ZFW/ got/ZFW/ conseguir;llegargive/ZBd/ gave/ZMd/ given/ZBdm/ dargo/ZN/ went/rCmW/ gone/ZFm/ irgrow/ZpN/ grew/ZpI/ grown/ZpNm/ crecer;cultivarhang/kn/ hanged/hung/knX/kJn/ hanged/hung/knX/kJn/ colgarhave/kd/ had/kX/ had/kX/ tener;haberhear/kBL/ heard/kKX/ heard/kKX/ orhide/kOX/ hid/kBX/ hidden/'kBXm/ esconder(se)hit/kBW/ hit/kBW/ hit/kBW/ golpear,pegarhold/kNoX/ held/kCoX/ held/kCoX/ sujetarhurt/kKW/ hurt/kKW/ hurt/kKW/ herir,hacerdao;dolerkeep/YAU/ kept/YCUW/ kept/YCUW/ guardar,mantenerknow/mN/ knew/mqI/ known/mNm/ saber,conocerlay/oCB/ laid/oCBX/ laid/oCBX/ poner;extenderlead/oAX/ led/oCX/ led/oCX/ guiar,conducir


IrregularVerbListBASE FORm (V1) PAST SImPLE (V2) PAST PARTIcIPLE (V3) cASTELLANO

learn/oKm/ learnt/learned/oKmW/oKmX/ learnt/learned/oKmW/oKmX/ aprenderleave /oAd/ left/oCcW/ left/oCcW/ dejar;irse,salirlend/oCmX/ lent/oCmW/ lent/oCmW/ prestarlet/oCW/ let/oCW/ let/oCW/ permitir,dejarlie/oO/ lay/oCB/ lain/oCBm/ tumbarse,echarselie/oO/(regularverb) lied/oOX/ lied/oOX/ mentirlight/oOW/ lit/oBW/ lit/oBW/ encenderlose/oIh/ lost/oFgW/ lost/oFgW/ perdermake/lCBY/ made/lCBX/ made/lCBX/ hacer,fabricarmean/lAm/ meant/lCmW/ meant/lCmW/ significar,quererdecirmeet/lAW/ met/lCW/ met/lCW/ conocera;quedarconpay/UM/ paid/UMX/ paid/UMX/ pagarput/UHW/ put/UHW/ put/UHW/ ponerread/pAX/ read/pCX/ read/pCX/ leerride/pOX/ rode/pLHX/ ridden/'pBXm/ montarring/pBn/ rang/pn/ rung/pJn/ llamar(portelfono)rise/pOh/ rose/pLHh/ risen/'pBhm/ elevarse,alzarserun/pJm/ ran/pm/ run/pJm/ corrersay/gM/ said/gCX/ said/gCX/ decirsee/gA/ saw/gG/ seen/gAm/ versell/gCo/ sold/gLHoX/ sold/gLHoX/ vendersend/gCmX/ sent/gCmW/ sent/gCmW/ enviarset/gCW/ set/gCW/ set/gCW/ colocarshake/iMY/ shook/iHY/ shaken/'iMYLm/ agitarshine/iOm/ shone/iFm/ shone/iFm/ brillarshoot/iIW/ shot/iFW/ shot/iFW/ dispararshow/iLH/ showed/iLHX/ shown/iLHm/ mostrar,ensearshut/iJW/ shut/iJW/ shut/iJW/ cerrarsing/gBn/ sang/gn/ sung/gJn/ cantarsink/gBnY/ sank/gnY/ sunk/gJnY/ hundirsesit/gBW/ sat/gW/ sat/gW/ sentarsesleep/goAU/ slept/goCUW/ slept/goCUW/ dormirsmell/glCo/ smelt/smelled/glCoW/glCoX/ smelt/smelled/glCoW/glCoX/ olerspeak/gUAY/ spoke/gULHY/ spoken/gULHYLm/ hablarspell/gUCo/ spelt/spelled/gUCoW/gUCoX/ spelt/spelled/gUCoW/gUCoX/ deletrearspend/gUCmX/ spent/gUCmW/ spent/gUCmW/ gastar;pasar(tiempo)stand/gWmX/ stood/gWHX/ stood/gWHX/ estardepiesteal/gWAo/ stole/gWLHo/ stolen/'gWLHoLm/ robarstick/gWBY/ stuck/gWJY/ stuck/gWJY/ pegarsweep/grAU/ swept/grCUW/ swept/grCUW/ barrerswim/grBl/ swam/grl/ swum/grJl/ nadartake/WMY/ took/WHY/ taken/'WMYLm/ coger;llevarteach/WAa/ taught/WGW/ taught/WGW/ enseartear/WCL/ tore/WG/ torn/WGm/ romper,desgarrartell/WCo/ told/WLHoX/ told/WLHoX/ decir,contarthink/eBnY/ thought/eGW/ thought/eGW/ pensarthrow/epN/ threw/epI/ thrown/epNm/ tirar;lanzarunderstand/JmXC'gWmX/ understood/JmXC'gWHX/ understood/JmXC'gWHX/ comprender,entenderwakeup/rMY'JU/ wokeup/rLHY'JU/ wokenup/rLHYLm'JU/ despertar(se)wear/rCL/ wore/rG/ worn/rGm/ llevarpuesto;ponersewin/rBm/ won/rJm/ won/rJm/ ganarwrite/pOW/ wrote/pLHW/ written/'pBWm/ escribir


WritingGuide

LA PUNTUACIN (Punctuation)

Elpunto(.)vaalfinaldelasoracionesafirmativasynegativas.

Therearesmallstrawberries.Thereisntanycoldmilk.

Lacoma(,)seusaparasepararpalabrasoideas.Normalmentenoseponedelantedeand.

Thereareeggs,bananasandoranges.Elsignodeinterrogacin(?)seponesoloalfinaldelaspreguntas.

Isthereanywhiterice?Arethereanyhotdogs?

Elsignodeexclamacin(!)tambinseponesoloalfinaldelafraseysirveparaexpresarunaemocinounsentimientoyparahacerhincapienalgo.

ThisJapanesemealisdelicious!

EL ORDEN DE LAS PALABRAS: SUJETO - VERBO (Word order: Subject Verb)

Elsujetodelaoracinseponedelantedelverbo.

Lionsarebig.Sheistall. s v s v

Peroenlaspreguntasvadetrsdelverbo.

Arelionsbig?Isshetall? v s v s

EL ORDEN DE LAS PALABRAS: LOS ADJETIVOS (Word order: Adjectives)

Normalmentevandelantedelossustantivos.

fatcatsdeliciousfood adj n adj n

Ytambindetrsdelverboto be.

Thesecatsarefat.Thisfoodisdelicious. v adj v adj

EL ORDEN DE LAS PALABRAS: LOS ADVERBIOS (Word order: Adverbs)

Losadverbiosdeintensidadydemodovandetrsdelverbo.Losdeintensidadvandelantedelosdemodo.

Youcanswimquitequickly.

Losadverbiosdefrecuenciavandelantedelverboenlasoracionesafirmativas.

Shenevereatsmeat. adv v Perosielverboesto be,eladverbiovadetrs.

Heisoftentired. v adv

Asegratedequecomprendeseltemasobreelquevasaescribir.

Hazunalistadeideasrelacionadasconesetemayanotatodaslasqueseteocurransinpreocuparteporlagramticaniporlaortografa.

Luegoleeesalistadeideasyeligelasimportantes.

Unprrafosedivideentrespartes:

Laintroduccinoprimeraoracin(opening sentence),quepresentaeltema.

Eldesarrolloocuerpo(body of the paragraph),queamplalaideaprincipalconinformacinimportante.

Laconclusinoltimaoracin(closing sentence),queresumeeltemayrepitelaideaprincipalconotraspalabras.

opening sentenceIvegotanewfriendatschool.

HernameisCathyandshesfromthe

USA.Shesshortandshesgotlong

blackhairandbig,browneyes.Shes

reallynice.Shelovesreadingand

shesalwaysgotgreatstoriestotell.

EveryoneintheclasslikesCathy.

body of paragraph

closing sentence

adverbofdegree adverbofmanner

ANTES DE ESCRIBIR >> Brainstorming

ORGANIZA TU REDACCIN >> Organising your writing

REPASA LO ESCRITO >> Checking your work


Writing Guide

LAS MAYSCULAS (Capital letters)

Seescribenconmayscula:

losnombresyttulosdelaspersonas:WendyJames,MsJulieClark,DrMoore

losnombresdelugarescomociudades,pases,continentes,edificiosfamosos,museos,etc.:Rome,France,Asia,BuckinghamPalace,theMetropolitanMuseum

lasnacionalidades:Chinese,Italian,English

losdas:Tuesday,Thursday,Saturday

losmeses:September,January,July

laprimerapalabradeunaoracin:WeliveinNewYork.

elpronombrepersonalI:Iplayfootballeveryday.

losidiomas:French,Russian,Portuguese

laspalabrasimportantesdelosttulosdelibrosypelculas,canciones,festividadesyjuegosdeordenador.

TheLordoftheRings

Avatar

SayaPrayer

Easter

SimCity

LOS CONECTORES DE SECUENCIA (Connectors of Sequence)

Cuandocontamosunaseriedehechosusamosestaspalabrasparamostrarelordenenqueocurrieron:

first(primero,enprimerlugar)

then(luego,entonces)

next(acontinuacin)

finally(finalmente,paraterminar)

Thursdaywasagreatday.First,Igot100%inmyEnglishtest.Then,Greginvitedmetoaparty.Next,myclasswonthefootballmatch.Finally,intheeveningmyparentsandIwenttoaChineserestaurantfordinner.Thursdaywasaspecialday.

LAS CONJUNCIONES (Linking words)

Sonpalabrasqueunendosomsideas.

and(y)unedosoracionesoideas.

Thearmchairisblueandthesofaispurple.

but(pero)unedosideascontradictoriasentres.

IlikethelampbutIdontlikethecarpet.

because (porque)expresalaraznocausadealgo. Ilikethepillowsbecausepinkisahappycolour.

LAS PREPOSICIONES DE TIEMPO (Prepositions of Time)

Seusandistintaspreposicionesdelantedelashorasylosperiodosdefiesta,losdasylasfechas,losmeses,lasestaciones,losaosylaspartesdelda.Esmuyimportantequesepasutilizarlacorrectaencadacaso.Prestaatencinaestosejemplos:at +horas: atfiveoclock

+festividades: atChristmas

on +dasdelasemana: onThursday

+fechas: on21stOctober onChristmasDay

in +meses: inMay

+estaciones: inspring

+aos: in2018

+partesdelda: intheafternoon

Excepciones: attheweekend atnight

LAS PARTES DEL CORREO ELECTRNICO (Parts of an e-mail)

Uncorreoelectrnicodebeincluirestaspartesademsdeldesarrollo:

ladireccindecorreoelectrnicodeldestinatario

elasuntodelcorreoelectrnico:eltemaolaraznporlaqueseescribe

elsaludo:incluyeelnombredeldestinatario

ladespedida:estaexpresinvadespusdeldesarrolloyantesdelnombredequienescribe.

01-09 ARE1_Apps.pdf10-24 ARE1_Apps.pdf25-26 ARE1_Apps.pdf

Documents

Apendice 1 Avanzad