APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006 Canada Canadian Biomass Innovation Network (CBIN) By:Mark Stumborg, P.Eng. Agriculture and Agri-Food

APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006Canada

Canadian Biomass Innovation Network

(CBIN)

By: Mark Stumborg, P.Eng.Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006

Oil vs. Biomass Pricing

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Glucose Price (cents/pound)

Oil Price ($/barrel)

Crude Soybean Oil (cents/pound)


Funding for the Harvest Activities

Integrated Biorefineries

Biomass Conversio

n

Biomass

Supply

NRC EC IC AAFC

NRC NRCan AAFC

NRCan AAFC

The Canadian Biomass Innovation Network (CBIN)

Funding provided by the Climate Change Technology & Innovation Program (T&I) & Panel on Energy R&D(PERD).


Technology Innovation Chain

Basic

Research

Applied R&D Prototypes Demonstration Product & Market

Development

Market Ready

Market

Entry

TEAM

SDTC

PERD

IRAPTPC

FCMSR&ED Tax Credits

BDC

EDC

University Grants

COMMERCIALIZATIONINNOVATION

T&I BiotechCBIN

Canadian Federal Funding Context


CBIN R&D Program

Existing PERD BEST POL

Bio-based Energy Systems and Technologies

1.$ 2.7 million/yr

2.25+ yrs in existence

3.Bioenergy R&D

New T & I

Biotechnology Program

1.$ 20 million of R&D /4 yrs

2.$ 10 million of demo/4 yrs

3.GHG R&D for 2025bioenergy,bioproductsbioprocesses


Bio terminology

RenewableBioresources

• Plants– crops– trees– algae

• Animals, fish

• Microorganisms

• Organic residues– municipal– industrial– agricultural– forestry– aquaculture

BioprocessTechnology

Biocatalysis (Enzymes)

Fermentation (Microorganisms)

Industrial Bioproducts

• Bioenergy

• Biofuels

• Bioproducts:– bio-chemicals– bio-solvents– bio-plastics– ‘smart’ biomaterials– bio-lubricants– bio-surfactants– bio-adhesives– bio-catalysts

Physical - Chemical Process Technology

Extraction

Pyrolysis

Gasification


P&P Mill Sludge and Hogfuel Drying Strategy [email protected] Waste Guide (Final Phase: Dissemination) [email protected] of Toronto Waste to Energy [email protected] Catalyst Test (part 2) [email protected] Digestion [email protected], Separation and Purification Processes for Value-Added Products

[email protected]@nrc-

cnrc.gc.caNovel Fractionation Process & Co-Products Related to Ethanol Production

[email protected] Pectinase for Processing Industrial Hemp and Other Agro-Fibres

[email protected] in Lumber Kiln Application [email protected] of Using Bio-Oil in Steel Making Application

[email protected]

T&I Portfolio 2004-2005

$827,000 CDN invested across…


Feedstock Activities

1. Crop Residues

2. Purpose Grown Forestry

3. Forestry Residues

4. Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW)

5. Biomass Inventory


Straw Availability with Livestock

200000 Mt

Conv. Till

Cattle Allow

No Exist

1 / 2 years

Amounts shown are after 750 kg ha-1 have been deducted.


Net Crop Residue Available

Assumptions:

1. Current Livestock Populations

2. Current Livestock Systems

3. Maintenance of Cereal Acreage

4. Existing Biomass Partitioning

5. 25 % of Producers’ Acreage

6. Residue Collection 1 Year in 4

7. 10 year Average Yields

2 Million Metric Tonnes of Residues


GIS Mapping Detail

200000 Mt

Conv. Till

No Cattle

No Exist

1 / 2 years


BC Alta Total

Mills 80 20 100Production 7.7 1.6 9.3 mil. tpySurplus 2.1 0.9 3.0 mil. tpy

Chetwynd

PrinceGeorge

Kamloops

Houston

Vancouver

Grande Prairie

Nelson

Calgary

High Level

Edmonton

B.C. Alberta

50,000 tpy

100,000 tpy

250,000 tpy

500,000 tpy

Legend

BC & Alberta Surplus Wood Residue


Potential Ethanol Production (ML Yr -1)

Source Western

Canada

Eastern

Canada

Total

ML Yr -1

Cereal Residues 600 300 900

Corn Residues 175 175

Cereal Grain 1182 39 1221

Corn Grain 536 536

Perennial Biomass 2350 Unknown 2356

SRF & Forest Wastes Unknown Unknown

Total 5182


2nd Hydrolysis

C6 Fermentation

Ethanol

RawMaterial

Detoxification

C5 sugars

C5 Fermentation

Sugar solution for furfural or other co-products

Waste treatmentor co-products

C6 Sugars

Lignin tosteam boiler/Electricity orco-products

Org. material

Lignin & Cellulose1st Hydrolysis

Alcohol Recovery

Dilute Acid Process


C6 Fermentation

Ethanolrecovery

C5 Fermentation

Rawmaterial

Drying Waste treatmentor Co-products

Waste treatmentor Co-products

Lignin to steam boiler/electricity

Acid recovery

Conc. Acid

Pretreatment/ Swelling

Dilution

Dil. Acid Sugar/Acid

SeparationSugar/Acid Separation

Sugars

Org. Material

Ethanol

HydrolysisHydrolysis

Sugars & Acid

Concentrated Acid Process


Gas Clean-Up

EthanolRecovery/Separation

Ethanol

RawMaterial

Gasification

Syn GasConversion

Heavies & Particulates

Particulates &Heavies

Syn Gas(H2, CO)

Syn Gas

Co-Products

Thermochemical Process


Hydrolysis

C6 Fermentation

AlcoholRecovery

Ethanol

RawMaterial

Detoxification

C5 Sugars

C5 Fermentation

Sugar solution for furfural or other co-products

Delignification

Waste treatmentor co-products

Lignin tosteam boiler/electricity or co-products

Org. Material

Lignin & C6 Sugars

Pretreatment

Enzyme Production

Sugars

Cellulose & Lignin

Enzymatic Process


Canadian Biodiesel Situation

1. Reduced CO2 emissions

2. Energy balance 3.2 to 1

3. Reduced harmful emissions

4. Non-toxic and biodegradable

5. Market for low-grade materials


Biodiesel Vision

1. Short Term Biodiesel from low cost oils

2. Short – Medium Term Biodiesel as a co-product of value added oilseed

processing

3. Medium Term Dedicated annual crop

4. Long Term Dedicated perennial fuel crop


Short Term: Low Cost Oils

1. Rendered tallow and grease

2. Yellow grease

3. Brown grease

4. Oil from damaged canola

5. Oil from treated planting seed

6. Tall oil from the pulping & paper industry


Biodiesel Feedstock Availability

Recent estimates:100,000+ tonnes of recycled cooking oils.500,000 tonnes of rendered oils from animal fats.Oilseed crushing capacity 2.3 million tonnes.Domestic production 800,000 + tonnes of

vegetable oil.

1.5 million tonnes available for biodiesel and export markets.


Biodiesel Feedstock Availability

Diesel fuel consumption in Canada (2000) was 19.5 MT (23.2 BL).

Impacts of a renewable fuel standard: 0.5% - about 100,000 tonnes. 2% - about 400,000 tonnes. 5% - about 1 million tonnes.


Maximum Potential Biodiesel Production

ProvinceTotal Area in

Crops (ha)10% of Area

(hectares)Fuel Yield

(Litres)

BC 565,739 56,574 42,430,410

AB 9,546,556 954,656 715,991,675

SK 14,398,665 1,439,867 1,079,899,900

MB 4,699,151 469,915 352,436,300

ON 3,544,931 354,493 265,869,800

QC 1,738,813 173,881 130,410,980

NB 135,008 13,501 10,125,750

NS 112,364 11,236 8,427,000

PEI 170,361 17,036 12,777,000

NL 7,180 718 538,500

Canada 34,918,767 3,491,877 2,618,908,545


Transesterification Technology

Vegetable Oil Recycled Fats

Dilute Acid Esterification

Transesterification

Glycerine

Refining

Refining

Methanol Recovery

Sulfuric Acid + Methanol

Methanol + KOH

Crude Glycerin Crude Biodiesel

Glycerin Biodiesel

Biodiesel


Bio-diesel – Hydro-treating

Catalytic Reactor

Separator

Distillation Column

Residual Fuels

Naptha

Super Cetane Middle Distillate

Burner GasHydrogenBiomass Oil


Recent Activities Supporting Biofuels

1. Renewable Fuel Standard Federal effort: 5% renewable content in all transportation

fuels by 2010, Discussing 5% for ethanol and 2% for diesel.

Ramp up to 10% by 2020 (still under discussion). Total gasoline ~34 BL, diesel 23 BL per year Decision on RFS by Jan. 2007

2. Federal & provincial excise tax relief Largely being substituted by producer & blender credit

system. Concerned with US incentives and trade issues.

3. Ethanol expansion program CDN $100M initiated ~ 1BL per year capacity increase. Discussion on ethanol extension and biodiesel inclusion.


Recent Activities Supporting Biofuels

4. Biofuel Opportunities for Producers (BOPI) Initiated late 2006 Fund business plan and technology access proposals to

incent producer investment.

5. Multi-government infrastructure program Card-lock accessible biodiesel and E85 fuel for federal,

provincial, and municipal fleets.

6. New Multi-departmental programs Science Commercialization Technology access & import Incentive programs (capital and credits) Industry, University, and federal science working together

on strategic activities.


Current Capacity

1. Biodiesel 35 ML (Rothsay): Animal fats 60 ML (BIOX): Rendered animal fats

2. Ethanol EEP added ~ 1BL per year capacity Currently have 210 ML per year (Western using

wheat), 520 ML per (Eastern using corn) Within 1 year will have additional capacity.


Standards

1. Biodiesel: B1 – B5 blend for retail sale using ASTM & EN standards

for biodiesel blend material. B6 – B20 blend likely not for retail but commercial &

government fleets All are blend standards and have same temperature

operability and quality requirements as diesel.

2. Ethanol: Standard exists for E5 – E10. Standard requires ethanol quality and vapour pressure

control.

Note: Fuel standards controlled by the Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB).

APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006Canada

Thank You for Your Attention !

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Documents

APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006 Canada Canadian Biomass Innovation Network (CBIN) By:Mark Stumborg, P.Eng. Agriculture and Agri-Food