APWorldHistory

Unit4

1450-1750CE

Studentname

1450-1750Unit4

MajorDevelopments

1. QuestionsofperiodizationA. Continuitiesandbreaks,causesofchangesfromthepreviousperiodandwithinthisperiod

2. Changesintrade,technology,andglobalinteractions3. Knowledgeofmajorempiresandotherpoliticalunitsandsocialsystems. Ottoman,China,Portugal,Spain,Russia,France,England,Tokugawa,Mughal,characteristicsofAfricanempiresin

generalbutknowingone(Kongo,Benin,Oyo,orSonghay)asillustrativeA. Genderandempire(includingtheroleofwomeninhouseholdsandinpolitics)

4. Slavesystemsandslavetrade5. Demographicandenvironmentalchanges:diseases,animals,newcrops,andcomparativepopulationtrends6. Culturalandintellectualdevelopments. ScientificRevolutionandtheEnlightenment

A. ComparativeglobalcausesandimpactsofculturalchangeB. ChangesandcontinuitiesinConfucianismC. Majordevelopmentsandexchangesinthearts(e.g.,Mughal)

7. Diverseinterpretations. WhatarethedebatesaboutthetimingandextentofEuropeanpredominanceintheworldeconomy?A. Howdoestheworldeconomicsystemofthisperiodcomparewiththeworldeconomicnetworkofthe

previousperiod?

MajorComparisonsandSnapshots

• Imperialsystems:Europeanmonarchycomparedwithaland-basedAsianempire• Coercivelaborsystems:slaveryandothercoercivelaborsystemsintheAmericas• Comparativeknowledgeofempire(i.e.,generalempirebuildinginAsia,Africa,andEurope)• CompareRussia'sinteractionwiththeWestwiththeinteractionofoneofthefollowing(OttomanEmpire,China,

TokugawaJapan,MughalIndia)withtheWest

ExamplesofWhatYouNeedtoKnow

Belowareexamplesofthetypesofinformationyouareexpectedtoknowcontrastedwithexamplesofthosethingsyouarenotexpectedtoknowforthemultiple-choicesection.

• Neoconfucianism,butnotspecificNeoconfucianists• ImportanceofEuropeanexploration,butnotindividualexplorers• CharacteristicsofEuropeanabsolutism,butnotspecificrulers• Reformation,butnotAnabaptismorHuguenots• OttomanconquestofConstantinople,butnottheSafavidEmpire• SiegeofVienna(1688–89),butnottheThirtyYears'War• Slaveplantationsystems,butnotJamaica'sspecificslavesystem• Institutionoftheharem,butnotHurremSultan

Period4:GlobalInteractions,c.1450toc.1750

KeyConcept4.1GlobalizingNetworksofCommunicationandExchange

1. Describethedegreeofglobal‘interconnection’after1500CEcomparedtobefore1500.

2. Whatweretheoveralleffectsofthischangeinglobalinterconnectedness?

3. Howdidtheglobaltradenetworkafter1500CEaffectthepre-existingregionaltradenetworks?(IndianOcean,

Mediterranean,trans-Saharan,SilkRoutes)

4. WhattechnicaldevelopmentsmadetransoceanicEuropeantravel&tradepossible,andwheredidthey

originate?

5. Whatwerethemajornotabletransoceanicvoyagesbetween1450-1750CE?

6. WheredidZhengHeandtheChineseTreasureFleetstravel?

7. WhydidPortugalbeginlongermaritimevoyagesca.1430CE?

8. WhateffectdidColumbus’travelshaveonEuropeans?

9. WhatoriginallymotivatedEuropeanstotravelacrossthenorthernAtlantic?

10. HowdidthenewglobalconnectionsaffectthepeoplesofOceaniaandPolynesia?

11. Whatnewfinancialandmonetarymeansmadenewscale(s)oftradepossible?

12. Whatpreviouslyestablishedscale(s)oftradecontinued?

13. DescribeEuropeanmerchantsoveralltraderolec.1450-1750.

14. Whatroledidsilverplayinfacilitatingatrulyglobalscaleoftrade?

15. Whatnewmercantilistfinancialmeansdevelopedtofacilitateglobaltrade?

16. WhatweretheeconomicandsocialeffectsoftheAtlantictradingsystem?

17. WhatweretheunintentionalbiologicaleffectsoftheColumbianExchange?

18. WhatfoodsweretransferredtonewgeographicregionsaspartoftheColumbianExchange,andwhatwere

laborsystemsmadethistransferpossible?

19. Whatplants/animalsweredeliberatelytransferredacrosstheAtlanticaspartoftheColumbianExchange?

20. WhateffectsdidAmericanfoodcropshaveonthedietofAfro-Eurasians?

21. Howdidsettlers’actionaffecttheAmericasenvironmentally?

22. HowdidtheColumbianExchangeaffectthespreadofreligions?

23. Wheredidthe“universal”religionsofBuddhism,Christianity&Islamspread?

24. HowdidtheColumbianExchangeaffectreligion(s)?

25. Howdidtheartsfareduringthisperiod?

26. Howdidpublicliteracyaswellasliteraryandartisticformsofexpressiondevelopduringthisperiod?

KeyConcept4.2NewFormsofSocialOrganizationandModesofProduction

27. Howdidagriculture’srolechangebetween1450-1750?

28. Whatpre-requisiteconditionsmadethesechangespossible?

29. Howdidlaborsystemsdevelopbetween1450-1750?

30. Howwaspeasantlaboraffectedbetween1450-1750?

31. HowdidslaverywithinAfricacomparetothepre-1450era?

32. HowdidtheAtlanticslavetradeaffectbothAfricansocietiesandtheeconomyoftheAmericas?

33. HowdidlaborsystemsdevelopinthecolonialAmericas?

34. Howdidthepost-1450economicorderaffectthesocial,economic,andpoliticalelites?

35. Howdidpre-existingpoliticalandeconomicelitesreacttothesechanges?

36. Howweregenderandfamilystructuresaffectedtothesechanges?

37. HowdidsocietiesintheAmericasreflectthepost-1450economicorder?

KeyConcept4.3StateConsolidationandImperialExpansion

38. Howdidempiresattempttoadministerthenewwidespreadnatureoftheirterritories?

39. HowdidtheroleofAfrica,theAmericas,Asia,andEuropedevelopinthisnewworld-widepoliticalorder?

40. Howdidthepeopleofvariousempiresreacttotheirgovernment’smethods?

41. Howdidpoliticalrulerslegitimizeandconsolidatetheirrule?

42. Whatroledidreligionplayinlegitimizingpoliticalrule?

43. Howwereethnicandreligiousminoritiestreatedinvariousempires?

44. Howdidrulersmakesurethattheirgovernmentalwerewellrun?

45. Howdidrulersfinancetheirterritorialexpansion?

46. Whatwastherelationshipbetweenimperialismandmilitarytechnology?

47. HowdidEuropeansgoaboutcreatingnewglobalempiresandtradenetworks?

48. Howdidpre-existingland-basedempiresandnewempiresduringthiseracomparetopreviousera’sempires?

49. Whatobstaclestoempire-buildingdidempiresconfront,andhowdidtheyrespondtothesechallenges?

MustKnowPeopleVascodeGama:HernanCortes:FranciscoPizarro:EmperorAtahualpa:EmperorMoctezumaII:EmperorAkbar:EmperorShahJan:EmperorAurangzeb:TokugawaIeyasu:EmperorKangxi:

BartolmeuDias:ChristopherColumbus:FerdinandMagellan:QueenElizabethI:KingLouisXIV:EmperorPetertheGreat:SultanSuleimantheMagnificent:KingNzinga/AfonsoI:ShahIsmaii:

MustKnowSocietiesMaritimeempires(knowcoloniesinCaribbean,NandSAmerica,Africaeconomy,andoceanroutes)

Countries Colonylocations,economy,exports OceanRoutesPortuguese

Spanish

French

Dutch

LandEmpiresQingChina/Manchus ShogunateJapanRussian Mexico/Aztec*Mughals Inka*Ottomans Songhai*Safavid Kongo MustknowDates:1453:OttomanscaptureConstantinople,renameIstanbul1486:AztecEmpireatheight1488:DiasroundsCapeofGoodHope1492:ColumbussailedtoHispaniola/completionofSpanishReconquista(GranadawithAlhambra)1494:TreatyofTordesillasdividesworldbetweenSpainandPortugaldowntheN.Atlantic1502:firstAfricanslavestransportedtoCaribbean1517:MartinLuther/95Theses/ProtestantReformation,followedbyCouncilofTrent,Catholic/CounterReformation1521:CortezconqueredtheAztecs1533:PizarroconqueredtheInka1545:silverdiscoveredinPotosi,SouthAmerica(MDBolivia)1571:BattleofLepanto:navaldefeatofOttomansbyChristiansoverexpansioin1588:DefeatoftheSpanishArmada(PhillipII)bytheEnglish(ElizabethI)16thto17thcenturies:ScientificRevolution:focusesonearthelements,naturallaws1600:BattleofSekigahara:beginningoftheTokugawaShogunate1607:FoundingofJamestown,firstslavestherein16191618-1648:ThirtyYearsWarbetweenProestantandCatholicEuropeansintheHRE1644:EndoftheMingdynasty—riseoftheQing1652:EstablishmentofCapeTownColony1683:unsuccessfulOttomansiegeofVienna1688/9:GoloriousRevolution/BillofRights18thCentury:Enlightenmentstartsin1650,continuesto1800(constitutionalrights,secularism)15th/16thcenturies:ColumbianExchange(Americanssendpotatoes,tobaccotoEurope,Europesendscoffee/sugar)16thto19thcenturies:TriangularTrade(Europesendsguns,cloth,rum,goodstoAfricaforgold/ivory,AfricasendsslavesandspicestoAmericasandAmericassendtobacco,rice,sugar,lumber)Whatisit?PalaceofVersailles

Whatsocietyisitfromandwhereisitlocated?Whatdoesitrepresent?Whenwasitcreated?

Whatisit?TajMahal

Whatsocietyisitfromandwhereisitlocated?Whatdoesitrepresent?Whenwasitcreated?Whatisit?SocialClasssystem,LatinAmericancolonies

Whatsocietyisitfromandwhereisitlocated?Whatdoesitrepresent?Whenwasitcreated?

Whatisit?SchoolofAthens,Raphael

Whatsocietyisitfromandwhereisitlocated?Whatdoesitrepresent?Whenwasitcreated?

Whatisit?St.Basil’sCathedral

Whatsocietyisitfromandwhereisitlocated?Whatdoesitrepresent?Whenwasitcreated?

PERSIAModel:Political,Economic,Religious,Social,Intellectual,Area

NATION-STATE

Political: Economic: Religious: Social: Intellectual/Arts: Area/Geographic

QingChina(Manchus)

ShogunateJapan

NATION-STATE

Political: Economic: Religious: Social: Intellectual/Arts: Area/Geographic

Kongo

Songhai

Russia(PetertheGreatera)

Aztec/Mexico

Inka(Inca)

Muhgals

Ottoman

Safavid

AReviewofReligions

EasternOrthodox Topic RomanCatholicEasternEurope,Constantinople Location WesternEurope,Rome

Greek Language LatinEaster Holidays Christmas

Caesaropapism(priestscanalsomarry) Leader Pope(priestsmaynotmarry)Iconoclasm(therejectionordestruction

ofreligiousimagesasheretical)Icons Useiconsinservices

Sunni Topic ShiaorShi’ite85-90percentofMuslims,

1.275-1.35billion Currentadherents 10-15percentofMuslims,150-225million

No DidMuhammaddesignateasuccessor? YesAbuBakr,fatherofMuhammad'swife,

A'isha TruesuccessoroftheProphet AliibnAbiTalib,husbandofFatimah,Muhammad'sdaughter

TribeoftheProphet;later,anyqualifiedruler Qualificationsforleaderofthefaith FamilyoftheProphet

Imamisaprayerleader;noclericalhierarchy(secularposition)

Leadership Imamisexaltedposition;Ayatollahistitleforhighestimams(non-secular)

Qur'anappliestoentirelife;individualsapproachGoddirectly ApproachtoIslam Moreorthodox;Qur'anandlaws

interpretedbyclerics

ENDOFEMPIRES

EmpireandLocation DescriptionofEmpire CausesofCollapse(andDate

Crash Course: Climate Change, Chaos, and The Little Ice Age 1. How did people in the Netherlands adapt to climate change? Why?

2. What were the political instabilities of the 17th century?

3. What happens to the people who make the "other stuff"?

4. How did weather affect dynasties?

5. Bad weather and poor harvests also prompted migration. List examples.

Crash Course World History #218 Luther and the Protestant Reformation

1. How did the Reformation change people’s way of looking at themselves and the world?

2. What disturbed Luther in 1505, when he was sent to Rome on a diplomatic mission?

3. What are indulgences and why was Friar Tetzel selling them? How much would an indulgence cost?

4. What arguments did Luther make concerning the Church?

5. Why did Luther translate the Bible into German?

6. Who else started reading and interrupting the Bible, causing further schisms in the Christian Church?

CharlesVandtheHolyRomanEmpire:CrashCourseWorldHistory

1.WhatdidCharlesactivelyseektoend?2.WhywastheHolyRomanEmpiredoomedtofail?3.WhatwasoneofthetacticsusedbytheHabsburgs?4.Germanicmerchantshadcometothinkofthemselvesasguaranteedtherighttowhat?5. Why wasn't the Holy Roman Empire an empire? Crash Course World History: Columbus, de Gama, and Zheng He! 15th Century Mariners.

Contestants Time Period

Details of Voyages

Purpose of voyage

Specific Questions

Zheng He Why did his voyages end?

Vasco Da Gama

Why was the impact of the

Portuguese role in the Indian

Ocean?

Christopher Columbus

What is the legacy of

Columbus’ voyages?

CrashCourseWorldHistory:TheColumbianExchange.

Exchange Examples Effectsoftheexchange(andside

effects).Disease

Animals

Plants

People

CrashCourseWorldHistory:CapitalismandtheDutchEastIndiaCompany1. WhatattractedtheEuropeanstoSoutheastAsiainthe16thcentury?

2. FromwhomdidtheDutchhavetowrestlethetradefrom?

3. WhatspicesinparticulardidtheVOCgaincontrolover?

4. HowdidtheVOCcomeintoexistence?

5. HowwastheVOCfundedandwhatmadeitmuchmoresuccessfulthanotherjoint-stock/chartercompanies?

6. HowdidtheVOCcreateamonopolyoftheworld'sspicetrade?

7. WhatotherregiondidtheVOChaveamonopolyoftradewith?

CrashCourse:SpanishEmpire,SilverandRunawayInflation

1. DescribethepoliticalandsocialstructureoftheAztecempire

2. WhatareasdidtheAztecinfluenceexpandover?

3. WhatweresomeofthemainaccomplishmentsoftheAztecs?

4. DespitetheirgeographicchallengeshowweretheIncasabletounifytheirempire?

5. HowdidtheSpanishchangetheprevious“mita”systemtotheirbenefit?

6. DespitetheinfluxofsilvermakingSpainthewealthiestnationinEurope,whydidtheireconomybegintodecline?

7. WhydidtheChinesehavealargedemandforsilver?

8. Whatistheconnectionbetweenthedemandforsilverandtheproductionofsilk?

9. WhatsimilaritiesdotheChineseandSpanishshareinregardstotheimpactofsilverontheireconomy?

10. InwhatwaysdidthediscoveryofsilverintheAmericashaveanegativeimpactonsocieties?

CrashCourseWorldHistory:TheAtlanticSlaveTrade

1. HowmanyslaveswereforciblymovedfromAfricatotheAmericasfrom1500-1880CE?

2. WhattwoareasreceivedthemostslavesfromAfrica?Whichareareceivedthefewest??Explainwhythisisso.

3. Whatarethethreemainagriculturalproductsgrownbytheinstitutionofslavery?(Usemaptodisplay)

4. WhatthreeproductsdidEuropeanusuallytradewithAfricatoobtainslavestotaketotheAmericas?

5. CompareslaveryinNorthAmerica(US)tothatinBrazilandtheCaribbean.

6. HowdidslaveryintheAtlanticcomparetopreviousformsofslavery?Explain.

Brazil/Caribbean United States

CrashCourseWorldHistory:TheMughalEmpireandHistoricalReputation

1. WhofoundedtheMughalEmpire?Whowerehisancestors?HowlongdidtheEmpirelast?

2. WhyistheMughalEmpireimportantinIndia’sculturalhistory?

3. WhattechniqueswereusedbytheMughalstobuildandmaintaintheirempire?

4. WhoweretheZamindarsandwhatwastheirroleintheMughalEmpire?

5. ContrastAkbarandAurangzeb.

6. WhendidtheBritishEastIndiaCompanygaincontroloverIndia?

7. WhatisShahJahan’sclaimtofame?

8. WhatfactorsplayedintothedeclineoftheMughalEmpire?