APWorldHistory
Unit4
1450-1750CE
Studentname
1450-1750Unit4
MajorDevelopments
1. QuestionsofperiodizationA. Continuitiesandbreaks,causesofchangesfromthepreviousperiodandwithinthisperiod
2. Changesintrade,technology,andglobalinteractions3. Knowledgeofmajorempiresandotherpoliticalunitsandsocialsystems. Ottoman,China,Portugal,Spain,Russia,France,England,Tokugawa,Mughal,characteristicsofAfricanempiresin
generalbutknowingone(Kongo,Benin,Oyo,orSonghay)asillustrativeA. Genderandempire(includingtheroleofwomeninhouseholdsandinpolitics)
4. Slavesystemsandslavetrade5. Demographicandenvironmentalchanges:diseases,animals,newcrops,andcomparativepopulationtrends6. Culturalandintellectualdevelopments. ScientificRevolutionandtheEnlightenment
A. ComparativeglobalcausesandimpactsofculturalchangeB. ChangesandcontinuitiesinConfucianismC. Majordevelopmentsandexchangesinthearts(e.g.,Mughal)
7. Diverseinterpretations. WhatarethedebatesaboutthetimingandextentofEuropeanpredominanceintheworldeconomy?A. Howdoestheworldeconomicsystemofthisperiodcomparewiththeworldeconomicnetworkofthe
previousperiod?
MajorComparisonsandSnapshots
• Imperialsystems:Europeanmonarchycomparedwithaland-basedAsianempire• Coercivelaborsystems:slaveryandothercoercivelaborsystemsintheAmericas• Comparativeknowledgeofempire(i.e.,generalempirebuildinginAsia,Africa,andEurope)• CompareRussia'sinteractionwiththeWestwiththeinteractionofoneofthefollowing(OttomanEmpire,China,
TokugawaJapan,MughalIndia)withtheWest
ExamplesofWhatYouNeedtoKnow
Belowareexamplesofthetypesofinformationyouareexpectedtoknowcontrastedwithexamplesofthosethingsyouarenotexpectedtoknowforthemultiple-choicesection.
• Neoconfucianism,butnotspecificNeoconfucianists• ImportanceofEuropeanexploration,butnotindividualexplorers• CharacteristicsofEuropeanabsolutism,butnotspecificrulers• Reformation,butnotAnabaptismorHuguenots• OttomanconquestofConstantinople,butnottheSafavidEmpire• SiegeofVienna(1688–89),butnottheThirtyYears'War• Slaveplantationsystems,butnotJamaica'sspecificslavesystem• Institutionoftheharem,butnotHurremSultan
Period4:GlobalInteractions,c.1450toc.1750
KeyConcept4.1GlobalizingNetworksofCommunicationandExchange
1. Describethedegreeofglobal‘interconnection’after1500CEcomparedtobefore1500.
2. Whatweretheoveralleffectsofthischangeinglobalinterconnectedness?
3. Howdidtheglobaltradenetworkafter1500CEaffectthepre-existingregionaltradenetworks?(IndianOcean,
Mediterranean,trans-Saharan,SilkRoutes)
4. WhattechnicaldevelopmentsmadetransoceanicEuropeantravel&tradepossible,andwheredidthey
originate?
5. Whatwerethemajornotabletransoceanicvoyagesbetween1450-1750CE?
6. WheredidZhengHeandtheChineseTreasureFleetstravel?
7. WhydidPortugalbeginlongermaritimevoyagesca.1430CE?
8. WhateffectdidColumbus’travelshaveonEuropeans?
9. WhatoriginallymotivatedEuropeanstotravelacrossthenorthernAtlantic?
10. HowdidthenewglobalconnectionsaffectthepeoplesofOceaniaandPolynesia?
11. Whatnewfinancialandmonetarymeansmadenewscale(s)oftradepossible?
12. Whatpreviouslyestablishedscale(s)oftradecontinued?
13. DescribeEuropeanmerchantsoveralltraderolec.1450-1750.
14. Whatroledidsilverplayinfacilitatingatrulyglobalscaleoftrade?
15. Whatnewmercantilistfinancialmeansdevelopedtofacilitateglobaltrade?
16. WhatweretheeconomicandsocialeffectsoftheAtlantictradingsystem?
17. WhatweretheunintentionalbiologicaleffectsoftheColumbianExchange?
18. WhatfoodsweretransferredtonewgeographicregionsaspartoftheColumbianExchange,andwhatwere
laborsystemsmadethistransferpossible?
19. Whatplants/animalsweredeliberatelytransferredacrosstheAtlanticaspartoftheColumbianExchange?
20. WhateffectsdidAmericanfoodcropshaveonthedietofAfro-Eurasians?
21. Howdidsettlers’actionaffecttheAmericasenvironmentally?
22. HowdidtheColumbianExchangeaffectthespreadofreligions?
23. Wheredidthe“universal”religionsofBuddhism,Christianity&Islamspread?
24. HowdidtheColumbianExchangeaffectreligion(s)?
25. Howdidtheartsfareduringthisperiod?
26. Howdidpublicliteracyaswellasliteraryandartisticformsofexpressiondevelopduringthisperiod?
KeyConcept4.2NewFormsofSocialOrganizationandModesofProduction
27. Howdidagriculture’srolechangebetween1450-1750?
28. Whatpre-requisiteconditionsmadethesechangespossible?
29. Howdidlaborsystemsdevelopbetween1450-1750?
30. Howwaspeasantlaboraffectedbetween1450-1750?
31. HowdidslaverywithinAfricacomparetothepre-1450era?
32. HowdidtheAtlanticslavetradeaffectbothAfricansocietiesandtheeconomyoftheAmericas?
33. HowdidlaborsystemsdevelopinthecolonialAmericas?
34. Howdidthepost-1450economicorderaffectthesocial,economic,andpoliticalelites?
35. Howdidpre-existingpoliticalandeconomicelitesreacttothesechanges?
36. Howweregenderandfamilystructuresaffectedtothesechanges?
37. HowdidsocietiesintheAmericasreflectthepost-1450economicorder?
KeyConcept4.3StateConsolidationandImperialExpansion
38. Howdidempiresattempttoadministerthenewwidespreadnatureoftheirterritories?
39. HowdidtheroleofAfrica,theAmericas,Asia,andEuropedevelopinthisnewworld-widepoliticalorder?
40. Howdidthepeopleofvariousempiresreacttotheirgovernment’smethods?
41. Howdidpoliticalrulerslegitimizeandconsolidatetheirrule?
42. Whatroledidreligionplayinlegitimizingpoliticalrule?
43. Howwereethnicandreligiousminoritiestreatedinvariousempires?
44. Howdidrulersmakesurethattheirgovernmentalwerewellrun?
45. Howdidrulersfinancetheirterritorialexpansion?
46. Whatwastherelationshipbetweenimperialismandmilitarytechnology?
47. HowdidEuropeansgoaboutcreatingnewglobalempiresandtradenetworks?
48. Howdidpre-existingland-basedempiresandnewempiresduringthiseracomparetopreviousera’sempires?
49. Whatobstaclestoempire-buildingdidempiresconfront,andhowdidtheyrespondtothesechallenges?
MustKnowPeopleVascodeGama:HernanCortes:FranciscoPizarro:EmperorAtahualpa:EmperorMoctezumaII:EmperorAkbar:EmperorShahJan:EmperorAurangzeb:TokugawaIeyasu:EmperorKangxi:
BartolmeuDias:ChristopherColumbus:FerdinandMagellan:QueenElizabethI:KingLouisXIV:EmperorPetertheGreat:SultanSuleimantheMagnificent:KingNzinga/AfonsoI:ShahIsmaii:
MustKnowSocietiesMaritimeempires(knowcoloniesinCaribbean,NandSAmerica,Africaeconomy,andoceanroutes)
Countries Colonylocations,economy,exports OceanRoutesPortuguese
Spanish
French
Dutch
LandEmpiresQingChina/Manchus ShogunateJapanRussian Mexico/Aztec*Mughals Inka*Ottomans Songhai*Safavid Kongo MustknowDates:1453:OttomanscaptureConstantinople,renameIstanbul1486:AztecEmpireatheight1488:DiasroundsCapeofGoodHope1492:ColumbussailedtoHispaniola/completionofSpanishReconquista(GranadawithAlhambra)1494:TreatyofTordesillasdividesworldbetweenSpainandPortugaldowntheN.Atlantic1502:firstAfricanslavestransportedtoCaribbean1517:MartinLuther/95Theses/ProtestantReformation,followedbyCouncilofTrent,Catholic/CounterReformation1521:CortezconqueredtheAztecs1533:PizarroconqueredtheInka1545:silverdiscoveredinPotosi,SouthAmerica(MDBolivia)1571:BattleofLepanto:navaldefeatofOttomansbyChristiansoverexpansioin1588:DefeatoftheSpanishArmada(PhillipII)bytheEnglish(ElizabethI)16thto17thcenturies:ScientificRevolution:focusesonearthelements,naturallaws1600:BattleofSekigahara:beginningoftheTokugawaShogunate1607:FoundingofJamestown,firstslavestherein16191618-1648:ThirtyYearsWarbetweenProestantandCatholicEuropeansintheHRE1644:EndoftheMingdynasty—riseoftheQing1652:EstablishmentofCapeTownColony1683:unsuccessfulOttomansiegeofVienna1688/9:GoloriousRevolution/BillofRights18thCentury:Enlightenmentstartsin1650,continuesto1800(constitutionalrights,secularism)15th/16thcenturies:ColumbianExchange(Americanssendpotatoes,tobaccotoEurope,Europesendscoffee/sugar)16thto19thcenturies:TriangularTrade(Europesendsguns,cloth,rum,goodstoAfricaforgold/ivory,AfricasendsslavesandspicestoAmericasandAmericassendtobacco,rice,sugar,lumber)Whatisit?PalaceofVersailles
Whatsocietyisitfromandwhereisitlocated?Whatdoesitrepresent?Whenwasitcreated?
Whatisit?TajMahal
Whatsocietyisitfromandwhereisitlocated?Whatdoesitrepresent?Whenwasitcreated?Whatisit?SocialClasssystem,LatinAmericancolonies
Whatsocietyisitfromandwhereisitlocated?Whatdoesitrepresent?Whenwasitcreated?
Whatisit?SchoolofAthens,Raphael
Whatsocietyisitfromandwhereisitlocated?Whatdoesitrepresent?Whenwasitcreated?
Whatisit?St.Basil’sCathedral
Whatsocietyisitfromandwhereisitlocated?Whatdoesitrepresent?Whenwasitcreated?
PERSIAModel:Political,Economic,Religious,Social,Intellectual,Area
NATION-STATE
Political: Economic: Religious: Social: Intellectual/Arts: Area/Geographic
QingChina(Manchus)
ShogunateJapan
NATION-STATE
Political: Economic: Religious: Social: Intellectual/Arts: Area/Geographic
Kongo
Songhai
Russia(PetertheGreatera)
Aztec/Mexico
Inka(Inca)
Muhgals
Ottoman
Safavid
AReviewofReligions
EasternOrthodox Topic RomanCatholicEasternEurope,Constantinople Location WesternEurope,Rome
Greek Language LatinEaster Holidays Christmas
Caesaropapism(priestscanalsomarry) Leader Pope(priestsmaynotmarry)Iconoclasm(therejectionordestruction
ofreligiousimagesasheretical)Icons Useiconsinservices
Sunni Topic ShiaorShi’ite85-90percentofMuslims,
1.275-1.35billion Currentadherents 10-15percentofMuslims,150-225million
No DidMuhammaddesignateasuccessor? YesAbuBakr,fatherofMuhammad'swife,
A'isha TruesuccessoroftheProphet AliibnAbiTalib,husbandofFatimah,Muhammad'sdaughter
TribeoftheProphet;later,anyqualifiedruler Qualificationsforleaderofthefaith FamilyoftheProphet
Imamisaprayerleader;noclericalhierarchy(secularposition)
Leadership Imamisexaltedposition;Ayatollahistitleforhighestimams(non-secular)
Qur'anappliestoentirelife;individualsapproachGoddirectly ApproachtoIslam Moreorthodox;Qur'anandlaws
interpretedbyclerics
ENDOFEMPIRES
EmpireandLocation DescriptionofEmpire CausesofCollapse(andDate
Crash Course: Climate Change, Chaos, and The Little Ice Age 1. How did people in the Netherlands adapt to climate change? Why?
2. What were the political instabilities of the 17th century?
3. What happens to the people who make the "other stuff"?
4. How did weather affect dynasties?
5. Bad weather and poor harvests also prompted migration. List examples.
Crash Course World History #218 Luther and the Protestant Reformation
1. How did the Reformation change people’s way of looking at themselves and the world?
2. What disturbed Luther in 1505, when he was sent to Rome on a diplomatic mission?
3. What are indulgences and why was Friar Tetzel selling them? How much would an indulgence cost?
4. What arguments did Luther make concerning the Church?
5. Why did Luther translate the Bible into German?
6. Who else started reading and interrupting the Bible, causing further schisms in the Christian Church?
CharlesVandtheHolyRomanEmpire:CrashCourseWorldHistory
1.WhatdidCharlesactivelyseektoend?2.WhywastheHolyRomanEmpiredoomedtofail?3.WhatwasoneofthetacticsusedbytheHabsburgs?4.Germanicmerchantshadcometothinkofthemselvesasguaranteedtherighttowhat?5. Why wasn't the Holy Roman Empire an empire? Crash Course World History: Columbus, de Gama, and Zheng He! 15th Century Mariners.
Contestants Time Period
Details of Voyages
Purpose of voyage
Specific Questions
Zheng He Why did his voyages end?
Vasco Da Gama
Why was the impact of the
Portuguese role in the Indian
Ocean?
Christopher Columbus
What is the legacy of
Columbus’ voyages?
CrashCourseWorldHistory:TheColumbianExchange.
Exchange Examples Effectsoftheexchange(andside
effects).Disease
Animals
Plants
People
CrashCourseWorldHistory:CapitalismandtheDutchEastIndiaCompany1. WhatattractedtheEuropeanstoSoutheastAsiainthe16thcentury?
2. FromwhomdidtheDutchhavetowrestlethetradefrom?
3. WhatspicesinparticulardidtheVOCgaincontrolover?
4. HowdidtheVOCcomeintoexistence?
5. HowwastheVOCfundedandwhatmadeitmuchmoresuccessfulthanotherjoint-stock/chartercompanies?
6. HowdidtheVOCcreateamonopolyoftheworld'sspicetrade?
7. WhatotherregiondidtheVOChaveamonopolyoftradewith?
CrashCourse:SpanishEmpire,SilverandRunawayInflation
1. DescribethepoliticalandsocialstructureoftheAztecempire
2. WhatareasdidtheAztecinfluenceexpandover?
3. WhatweresomeofthemainaccomplishmentsoftheAztecs?
4. DespitetheirgeographicchallengeshowweretheIncasabletounifytheirempire?
5. HowdidtheSpanishchangetheprevious“mita”systemtotheirbenefit?
6. DespitetheinfluxofsilvermakingSpainthewealthiestnationinEurope,whydidtheireconomybegintodecline?
7. WhydidtheChinesehavealargedemandforsilver?
8. Whatistheconnectionbetweenthedemandforsilverandtheproductionofsilk?
9. WhatsimilaritiesdotheChineseandSpanishshareinregardstotheimpactofsilverontheireconomy?
10. InwhatwaysdidthediscoveryofsilverintheAmericashaveanegativeimpactonsocieties?
CrashCourseWorldHistory:TheAtlanticSlaveTrade
1. HowmanyslaveswereforciblymovedfromAfricatotheAmericasfrom1500-1880CE?
2. WhattwoareasreceivedthemostslavesfromAfrica?Whichareareceivedthefewest??Explainwhythisisso.
3. Whatarethethreemainagriculturalproductsgrownbytheinstitutionofslavery?(Usemaptodisplay)
4. WhatthreeproductsdidEuropeanusuallytradewithAfricatoobtainslavestotaketotheAmericas?
5. CompareslaveryinNorthAmerica(US)tothatinBrazilandtheCaribbean.
6. HowdidslaveryintheAtlanticcomparetopreviousformsofslavery?Explain.
Brazil/Caribbean United States
CrashCourseWorldHistory:TheMughalEmpireandHistoricalReputation
1. WhofoundedtheMughalEmpire?Whowerehisancestors?HowlongdidtheEmpirelast?
2. WhyistheMughalEmpireimportantinIndia’sculturalhistory?
3. WhattechniqueswereusedbytheMughalstobuildandmaintaintheirempire?
4. WhoweretheZamindarsandwhatwastheirroleintheMughalEmpire?
5. ContrastAkbarandAurangzeb.
6. WhendidtheBritishEastIndiaCompanygaincontroloverIndia?
7. WhatisShahJahan’sclaimtofame?
8. WhatfactorsplayedintothedeclineoftheMughalEmpire?