CCOT OutlinesORGANIZING YOUR ESSAY TOPICSThere are a number of ways to organize/categorize your information. Part of that organization depends on what the prompt asks you to do and whether or not you are addressing more than one region.

Categorical organization outline (SPEC or other specific topics) Political

o Beginning characteristics; ending characteristic; analysis of continuity or changeo Beginning characteristics; ending characteristic; analysis of continuity or changeo GHR (I will address this quirk later)

Economico Beginning characteristics; ending characteristic; analysis of continuity or changeo Beginning characteristics; ending characteristic; analysis of continuity or changeo GHR (I will address this quirk later)

Culturalo Beginning characteristics; ending characteristic; analysis of continuity or changeo Beginning characteristics; ending characteristic; analysis of continuity or changeo GHR (I will address this quirk later)

Chronological organization outline (note: only 2 body paragraphs) Beginning time period paragraph (all of this in one paragraph)

o Establish a baseline of SPEC characteristics with 2 subtopics each Political

Baseline characteristic with evidence Baseline characteristic with evidence

Economic Baseline characteristic with evidence Baseline characteristic with evidence

Cultural Baseline characteristic with evidence Baseline characteristic with evidence

o GHR(Notice there is no analysis in this paragraph)

Ending time period paragraph (all of this in one paragraph)o Establish a baseline of SPEC characteristics with 2 subtopics each

Political Characteristic of later time period with evidence; why did that

characteristic change or continue Characteristic of later time period with evidence; why did that

characteristic change or continue

Economic characteristic of later time period with evidence; why did that

characteristic change or continue characteristic of later time period with evidence; why did that

characteristic change or continue Cultural

Characteristic of later time period with evidence; why did that characteristic change or continue

characteristic of later time period with evidence; why did that characteristic change or continue

o GHR

Changes, then Continuities organization outline (2 body paragraph essay) Changes paragraph

o Political Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of

why that characteristic changed Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of

why that characteristic changedo Economic

Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of why that characteristic changed

Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of why that characteristic changed

o Cultural Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of

why that characteristic changed or continued Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of

why that characteristic changed or continuedo GHR

Continuities paragrapho Political

Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of why that characteristic continued

Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of why that characteristic continued

o Economic Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of

why that characteristic continued Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of

why that characteristic continued

o Cultural Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of

why that characteristic continued Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of

why that characteristic continuedo GHR

You will only have as many characteristics for each paragraph as you have changes or continuities (i.e., 4 changes and 8 continuities).

Geographic organization outline

Region #1 paragraph

o Political - Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of why that characteristic changed or continued

o Economic - Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of why that characteristic changed or continued

o Cultural - Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of why that characteristic changed or continued

o GHR Region #2 paragraph

o Political - Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of why that characteristic changed or continued

o Economic - Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of why that characteristic changed or continued

o Cultural - Early characteristic with evidence; later characteristic with evidence; analysis of why that characteristic changed or continued

o GHR

Global Historical Reference - How is a specific characteristic a part of a global trend or event? Does the example/characteristic reflect or contradict the overall global trend? What are the major milestones/turning points in the development of the global trend?

o Examples: Political France and England becoming countries is part of a larger trend of the

formation of nation-states as the most common political entity around the world.

Economic One of the causes of World War II was the economic depression in Germany. Germany suffered, like most other countries through a worldwide Great Depression in which international trade was reduced by 50% between 1929 and 1933.

Regional Outline for Eastern Europe8000 600 CE 600 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 1914 CE 1914 - Present

Politics Religion basedHierarchal system

Delegation of responsibilityBureaucratic codification

6th century Justinian rule restore Rome

Mongol invasion 1237-1241- Russia divided into small kingdoms

Tartars control- left day to day control to locals

Ivan III/IV -Free from Mongols 1480Empire expanded eastward

Russia centralization of authorityPeter the Great St. Petersburg as

capitalParliamentary government

Secret policeFirst Russian navy

Russia tsar continued to be all powerful

Prussia remained militaristic and authoritarian

Duma created, but no real powerLocal rulers zemstvoes regulate

roads, schoolsMilitary officers based on meritocracy

Tsarist regime falls apartArmy in full retreat

USSR formed collapses following cold war

Soviet troops occupy all of eastern Europe

Gorbachev tries to reformfrees E. European nations

updated authoritarian structure in reality

Economy Byzantine empireMost important western

terminal of the Silk Road

Constantinople located on important trade routs

Trade lapsed under TartarsNorth-south commerce never returned

Moscow trade, tribute collectorMost part, remained agricultural

Trades with nomadic people

Key economy bound to agricultureDevalued merchant class

Limited commercial exchangeSystemized tax systemMetallurgy and mining

Economics funded military

Backward position in tradeExported some grain to W. EuropeTrade deficit lessened by increasing serf output, not improving industry- realizes the need to industrialize

But sill doesnt want to be materialistic

COMECONEconomies nationalized

Collectivization under state planned control

Soviet welfare systemFocus on heavy industry

Lenins New economic policyRussia-five year plan

Social Class/Gender

Serfdom began in Middle Age

Original sin devalues women

Influx of jews Monogamy replaced polygamy

Fairly free farmersBoyars-aristocrats-less political power

FeudalismPeter the Great encourages serfdomWomen and nobles forced to dress

in western fashionsMen shaved beards denial of

Mongol traditionPower to upper class women

Emancipating serfs 1861-but most indebted, life doesnt

improveIncreased literacy

Some upper class women have access to new careers

Pogroms against Jews

Muslim population growthLenins New Economic Policy

gave freedom to small businesses, peasant landowners more power

Education started to spread literacy

ScienceInventions

Focus on Serfs-cheap labor force impeded invention or new

scientific ideasJohn Desarguliers builds first steam engine outside England

Western machinery importedOutdated agricultural methods hard

to competeMendel and some peas, Pavlov and

his dog

Cold War Arms race, space race Scientists highly respectedResearch heavily funded

Direction/research determined by government want applied

scienceArt/Architecture Hagia Sophia

MosaicReligion based

Ornate churchesIcons, illuminated manuscripts

Religious art vs. local music, street performers & theater

Not part of Renaissance due to illiterate Mongols

Architecture of city done by serfsRomanov Policy

- Italian artists/architects to work on churches/palaces

Beginning of some arts flourish-Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Tchaikivsky

Nationalist pride through dictionaries, histories, folktales,

music

Art-attacked western styleClassical arts

Literature walked line of angering government still discussed

patriotism/Russian

Empire Byzantine Empire Kievan Rus could not replicate Byzantine

Kievan decline rival princes set up regional governments

Rapid decline of Byzantium

Connection to Byzantine Empire- married niece of emperor

Expansion fought Ottoman EmpireFall of Byzantine Empire (1453)

Religion Animist gods of sun, thunder, wind and fire

Vladimir I convert to Christianityforced conversion

Splendor of Orthodox religious ceremoniesReligion allowed to have vernacular languages

Orthodox Christianity moved to Moscow

Romanov family state control over Russian Orthodox Church

Russification all Russians had to convert to Orthodoxy

Soviet schools taught religion as myth under Stalin

No church service to under 18

CCOTChart - Describe (and analyze) the political, economic, and cultural changes in western Europe from 600 C.E. to 1750. Be sure to discuss continuities as well as changes.

Western Europe in 600 need specific examples

Why Western Europe in 1450 need specific examples

Why Western Europe in 1750 need specific examples

Why Key Changes/why did these occur?

Key Continuities/why did theseContinue?

P 1. Invasions/wars2. fragmented,

decentralized, regional3. without a strong

bureaucracy4. competing regional

powers5. power based on

land6. feudalism: powerful

aristocracy

1. A few local kingdoms emerge; HRE, England, France2. Wars between kings (particularly Eng. and Fr.)3. power based on land

1. absolute and parliamentary monarchies

2. nation-states: ruled peoples who shared a common culture and language

3. ambitious military organization; France and Spain with standing armies

4. growing bureaucracy drawn from the merchants and lawyers

5. mercantilism: state actively involved in economy

weakening of feudal order growth of

professional armies emergence of

central monarchies religious wars weakening of

churchs power rise of merchant

class exploration &

colonization

maintained a characteristic tension btw. govt growth and the idea that there should be some limits to st. auth., linkage between statecraft and war politically divided and often at war

E 1. manorialism - self-sufficient agricultural estates

2. most were serfs3. wealth based on

land4. little trade and

commerce

1. rise of urban centers with skilled craftsmen/commerce

2. serfdom ends 3. specialization takes place4. trade expands; particularly

between cities5. guilds help with rules and quality

1. mercantilism: importance of colonies

2. growth of colonial trade: core-dependent relationship

3. improved food supply and agricultural efficiency, leaving surplus labor force

4. increased manufacturing5. early capitalism: domestic

system

increased trade new farming

methods & techniques colonization and

dominance in maritime trade

remained predominantly agricult. unequal distribution of wealth

C 1. Christianity (Roman Catholic)

2. religious themes in art and literature

3. believed humans were sinful and only religion could save them

4. literate group associated with the church

5. women lacked rights

1. Humanism - people begin to question Catholic practices

2. Renaissance - art becomes more secular

3. Christianity (Roman Catholic)

4. women could own businesses and belong to guilds

1. science as the new authority2. applied scientific methods

to study nature as well as human society

3. religious pluralism4. increased literacy5. believed: human beings are

good, can be educated to be better, reason is the key to truth

6. womens rights: political rights and freedoms should extend to women

7. greater equality & respect in treatment of women & children in the home

Crusaders exposed to the advanced Islamic civilization Renaissance humanism: the here

and now individualism Reformation Scientific Revolution Enlightenment

Christian values and traditions remained important, especially to the masses, albeit declining in influence

East Asia One Page Review

8000 600 CE 600 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 1914 CE 1914 - PresentPolitics Dynasties with emperors-

mandate of heaven Start of bureaucracy/meritocracy

Japan borrowed from China Increased bureaucracy Tributary system Constant threat from North Prince Shotoku then daimyos

Fall of Ming from internal/external - Manchu Japan: Warring States Period to Tokogawa ShogunateCentralized rule

Abdication of Qing, unification of China Fight for control with Mao Japan: abolishes feudalism, Civil code, regional govsNationalism = huge force

Decolonization from Europe Nominally democratic Tensions- China and WestUSSR/China split Birth of Chinese Republic Japan: parliamentary capitalism

Economy Lots of money flowing in from Silk Roads Otherwise agricultural

Paper moneyCredit or flying moneyHigh taxes cause peasant revolts Serfs bound to land

China: trade with Europeans in Qing Japan: manufacturing, merchant class get wealth and power , urbanization, population growth

Provide labor for plantations/minesMeiji Restoration- quickly industrialized in Japan

Modernization of Japan, Taiwan, South KoreaPost- industrial/high-techLess affected by global depression Need natural resources

Social Class/Gender

Patriarchal Confucian principles Women only power in court Scholars/officials military artisansFew live in cities

Code of Bushido- chivalry Women lost freedom in Japan

Foreigners allowed in China Manchus higher than Chinese Japan: hierarchy becomes unbreakable, samurai at toplower class women more free upper obey or die

Rigid Tokogawa hierarchy ended Middle class grows power Lower classes- horrible conditions, taxed a lot

Slow to embrace/tolerate diversity and individualism High degree/variety social services Rise of feminism- suffrageWomen went worked WWIIFoot binding outlawed

Science/Inventions Iron AgeModernized army Paper, accurate sundials/calendars, agriculture improvements (plow)

Gunpowder for military Boasts = junks Navigation/block printing Iron production Agriculture technique population cities

Gunpowder more prevalent Globalization of trade

British introduced opium to China Westernization of Japan - steamships/railroads Communication revolution

Atomic bombsNuclear weaponry Militarism in Japan Computer, internet, biotechnology and genetic science

Art/Architecture Brush painting Palaces

Infrastructure (roads, inns, postal stations) Japan: haiku, pencil sketches, ink sketches, Noh drama, tea ceremony

Japan: kabuki theatre replaces restrained drama,Woodblock prints = art form, borrowed Korean ceramics and western oil painting

Artistic styles change more rapidly and radically than ever before

Theme for lit- resisting USNew style= cubism Movie industry Use of concrete and glass New skepticism

Empire Collapse of empires in China from internal problems economic depression, natural catastrophe, social unrest

Mongol empires conquer China, but fail in Japan replaced by Ottoman Turks and Ju Yuanzahng of Ming dynasty

Japan empire centralized Fall of the Manchu empireInteraction with west = China relatively isolated, Japan- periods of isolation and acceptance

The fall of China opium wars, internal rebellions, external lasses, Boxer Rebellion Japanese imperialism- Taiwan, Korea, Russia

Japan- WWII- invades Manchuria, China, Siberia taking over Southeast Asia,Bomb Pearl Harbor brings US into war atomic bomb US occupies Japan

Religion Polytheism, animism ancestor worship Confucianism, Legalism Daoism, also spread of Buddhism from India

Buddhist missionaries Shinto religion Influenced by monotheistic religions Neo- Confucian thought

New sects of Buddhism from China to Japan Neo- Confucianism increase(ethnocentric, historicism, rationalism)

Scientific/secular world becomes dominant

Religious fundamentalism Western appreciation for science spread

Politics Economy Social Class/ Gender

8000-600 CE

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Aryans (1500 BCE)16 statesThen Maurya (321-185 BCE) Central, powerful militaryThen Gupta Empire (320 550 CE) Central control w/ village govts

Active trade and communication with Sumer Ashoka (Maurya) promote trade with rest areas for travelers and Buddhist missionariesTrade with Mesopotamia Silk, cotton, elephants Silk Road

Warrior aristocracy/ enslaved Dravidians Arayans stratify class Varna four classesPatriarchalCustoms devalued women More isolated purdh

600-1450CE

Collapse of Delhi sultanate in 1300s Indian Ocean trade andTrade with Islamic World, China, East Africa and Persia Traded: cotton, silk, elephants, gems, cinnamon, and salt

Caste system

1450-1750 CE

Centralized under Mughal Thrived due to cotton trade Patriarchal Treatment of women better under Akbar (initially) allowed widows to remarry and intermarry between Hindus and Muslims, portray talents openly

1750-1914 CE

Mughal empire, Buhudar Shahill sent into exile Indian National congressGhandiEuropean influence

European tradersBritish East India Company

More racial based Abolish inhumane cultural traditions (Sati)

1914- Present

Nationalism Indian National CongressPush for independence (finally get after WWII)

Globalization facilitate and create greater trade across the globe

Still patriarchal w/ caste system

Science/ Inventions Art/ Architecture Empire Religion8000-600 CE Pi, Zero, numerical system,

medicine, astronomy, plastic surgery

Paintings, temples, sculptures, courtyard

Indus HinduismBuddhism

600-1450CE

Islam,Hinduism, Buddhism

1450-1750 CE Gunpowder technology Blended w/ MuslimArches, domesTaj Mahal

MughalGunpowder empireDecline: due to opening to foreign control

Islam, Buddhism though mostly Hindu

1750-1914 CE European education promotes science/ invention

Roads, railroads, canals British colony Hindu, Islam, Buddhism, Christianity (though not very popular)

1914- Present After civil war: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh

Muslim minority

South Asia

Regional Outline for Middle East8000 600 CE 600 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 1914 CE 1914 - Present

Politics -city-state - controlled city and surrounding area

Caliphs-political unrest-succession -problemIslam-Theocratic Rulers- codified Islamic law

Sultan-Provincial govt-centralized power

-Ottoman decline -centralized, but -not around economy

-Turkish state-Sultan kicked outAtaturk- father of the Turks

Economy Trade-great traders-agricultural

Participated in trade-Trans Sahara Trade-Silk Road/Route-Indian Ocean Trade

-Initially dominated trade (beginning)-Indian Ocean, African Coast

-Trade still go on -no longer dominant traders/master traders

WWI- join central power (lost)-Attempted Industrialization-Iran, Iraq- Oil supply (econ based)

Social Class/Gender -Men work (more freedom)-Women confined to home-Slavery (owned slaves) -from E.Africa

Education- more opportunitiesWomen- married at puberty - equal before Allah

Harems established-female slaves, women had some rightsSocial Class: 1)Sultan 2)Govt Officials 3)Reg Officials 4)General people (peasants, Merchants..)

Women-stayed same, had some property rights-not really property of men -hardly any rights -devalued

Women-Even with pressure from West. Stayed same-negative effect, treatments-still had to wear the clothes to cover the whole body

Science/Inventions -Independent innovations -4000BCE Bronze, Copper -Wheel, irrigation canals -number system (from India, improved)-Navigation tools

Mathematics-Algebra, GeometryetcScience -Objective experiment-navigation: astrolabe improved-Medicine

Military Tech-canons, guns-advanced medically -Medicines-Science- navigation tools, atstronomy

-Affected by western science -overtaken (no longer dominant-stayed isolated

-Fall of USSR -start accepting west influence

Art/Architecture Architecture-Ziggurats -glory of civilization

-Calligraphy, designs-Minarets-Mosques-Literature -Poetic works: Arabian Nights

-Mosques-Minarets-Mosaics

Arts-still had Mosques-Minarets-Mosaics-styles still there, but -due to decline of empire, corruption, little time for art

Arts-still have, but not much developmentsimprovements

Empire Regional Kingdom-Babylonians-Acadiansetc

-Islamic -regular civil wars -1258 Mongols overran Islamic empire

Ottoman Empire-Gunpowder Empire-Safavid Persia

Sick man of Europe-decline of Ottoman Empire-Balkans -seeking independence

Young Turks-Secularization, sceiences technology-Iran vs Iraq-Turkey formed

Religion -Polytheistic -Animistic -Many gods

Islam-Suffis-respect for Jews/Christians -People of the book

Islam-divided -Sunni vs. Shia

Islam- unifying force- Sunni vs. Shia conflict-tolerant of other religions to some extent

Islam-more focused on religion-tried to become like before

Regional Outline for: Sub-Saharan Africa

8000 600 CE 600 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 1914 CE 1914 - PresentPolitics Pharaoh/queen (living

incarnation of sun god), internal disorder, invasions (900 BCE), irrigation

Kingship legitimized by Islam, People of The Book, Bantu (stateless societies)

leaders cooperated with slave traders; monarchy

Re-colonization of Africa; Sierra Leone, Liberia ; coastal kingdoms ruled by warlords/merchants; intertribal war; Revolutions;White Mans Burden

Decolonization of Africa; attempt at representative government; involved in WWII; renewed independence efforts civil war, government corruption; socialism

Economy Trade with Kush and Mesopotamia, agricultural villages engaged in trade.

Trade, with Islam as unifying factor, trans-Saharan trade routes; Ghana (gold), Mali; gold, salt, honey, slaves, ivory, imports, trade with Byzantine Empire, agriculture

Triangular Trade/ Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade; guns traded for slaves; slave trade with Mediterranean world

End of Atlantic Slave Trade Islamic states of West Africa still trade slaves; rely on slave trade more; economic slump

Globalized economies; mercantilism in former colonies; poverty stricken countries; international debt

Social Class/Gender

Patriarchal, but women manage household, own property, regents of rulers, priestesses, scribes, can divorce, high priest class

Merchants valued; patriarchal society, rich women more restricted; Islamic law, People of the Book, religious tolerance, class centered around age group

Demographic shifts; more males in the slave trade than females (females traded more in the East coast); depopulated

Rapid population growth Spanish Flu (global epidemic); clear black majority making decolonization easier (apartheid in South Africa)

Science/Inventions Hieroglyphics, bronze tools, papyrus, 365 day calendar, medicine, math, astronomy, iron

Hellenistic thought, science/math

manioc, maize, sweet potatoes (from America); technology suffered due to slave trade

Industrialization; guns, textiles, alcohol (importance of foreign imports); Enlightenment

Slow technological development due to colonization, mercantilism, internal instability; miners; no money for industrial goods after WWI; oil (Nigeria)

Art/Architecture Pyramids, temples, hieroglyphics

Linguistic, architectural, artistic version of Christianity; calligraphy, Mosques, minarets

Islamic art/architecture, paper making; arts suffered due to slave trade

Christian/ Islamic arts ; literary/ artistic forms of the west

Western artistic forms, religious art, native art (export)

Empire Geographyprotected, unique civilization, not as urban as Mesopotamia, Nile river

Islamic urban center, Bantu Migrations, trade centers, Trans-Saharan trade route

Part of Triangular Trade (with Europe and America); beginnings of European exploration ; Kongo, Benin, Mali, Songhay

Open to foreign takeover due to economic slump; colonized by Europe

Decolonization new sovereign nations

Religion Polytheism , afterlife (mummification), Book of the Dead

Islam , Christianity in Ethiopia and Egypt, animistic, syncretism,

Islam, Christianity, animism, ancestor worshipsyncretism

Islam, Christianity, animism, ancestor worshipsyncretism

Islam, Christianity, animism, atheists

Regional Outline for Mediterranean 8000 600 CE 600 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 1914 CE 1914 - Present

Politics - Persian Empire: governors and law code

- Greece: city states (Athenian democracy)

- Roman Republic (510 - 23 BCE): Senate/Assembly

-Roman Empire (23 BCE 576 CE): bureaucrats

Byzantine: absolute authority

Secular rulersJustianian Code

Spain: Ferdinand + Isabella (Christian North + Muslim South) = nation state

- Unification of Italy Victor Emmanuel (1870) (helped by Revolution of 1848) - Italy before (mid 1800s): foreign controlled small kingdoms

power of nationalism - Iberian colonies freeing selves- Italy: Triple Alliance

WWI - Conflict in BalkansItaly changes sides for alliances want N territories controlled

by Austria (later got some, but not all they wanted)

Interwar Fascist Italy, Mussolini aggression

* no absolutes!Economy Trade among Med (1st

controlled by Phoenicians/ Greeks), and also with Africa (Trans-Saharan) and Silk Roads (connected to China)

-necessary b/c large scale agriculture impossible

East Byzantine: trade- at crossroads- commercial, cultural

connections

- Byzantines not dominant- Iberian wave of exploration

-start off strong, later replaced by more W. Europe

- Got lots of wealth, but spent just as quickly

- N. Italian city-states rich

- N. Italy industrializes- Portuguese coastal settlements

(esp. India), and quite harsh w/ African colonies

- Italy not really colonizing (humiliating loss to Ethiopia)

Interwar period global econ crisis

Fascists want to protect enterprise

Economic Globalization Italy in G-8

Social Class/Gender

Classes:- citizens (adult males)- free people (no pol rights)- noncitizens, slaves

or patricians, plebians, slavesWomen: inferior (marry in

teens) but role in religion

SerfdomWomen: domestic

participate in trade/craft

- Women: Overall Europe some awareness of injustices

- limited opportunities

Women: some movement to equality (esp. industrialization)- also w/ indus.: changes in classes (rise of middle)

Fascists (unlike Communists) dont want to eliminate private property, class distinctions

Women: roles changed during war - suffrage

Science/Inventions MedicineAstronomy (Ptolemy)Engineering (Roman roads,

aqueducts)Philosophy*slavery applied sci behind

Printing press Gutenberg (1436): increased impact of new ideas

1252: Gunpowder to Europe-Muslims in Spain maintained

Greek/Roman learning

- (Muslims) Preserved past added to math and science- Navigational tech- Scientific Revolution

Many associated w/ Industrial Revolution

Mussolini attempts to modernize Italy (brought medicine/tech to backward parts)

Art/Architecture Classical pillars, arches- realistic human statues- literature (Homer)Rome borrowed from G

-Greek Orthodox Church:Blend of Greek & Roman

elements Domes IconsCathedrals Romanesque,

Gothic

- Exploration/colonization ensured spread of culture

- Renaissance (esp. Italy) - Humanism

Artists experimented with new styles

New literary trends (Romanticism, realism)

Media used for propaganda (e.g. for war) AdvertisementsMore new styles (cubism)

Empire Alexander the GreatCollapse of Roman

-split into east and west- internal/external factors

East Roman Byzantine (Justianian reconquest of N. Africa, Italy, Spain coast)

- Byzantine- 800 CE Holy Roman Empire starts in West

- Greece/Rome essentially forgotten

- Weakening of Byzantine

Splitting into different countries (e.g. new nation of Italy)

Greece, Egypt launch independence movements

Eastern Question decline of Ottoman

Spanish Civil War (training ground for new weapons) not so directly involved in WW

No longer a unifying empire, but separate countries

hard to make generalizations Religion Originally polytheistic

- Constantine: Edict of Milan (313 CE) legal status to Christianity

Byzantine = Greek Orthodox Church

West = Roman Catholic Church(1054 Great Schism)

Spain ties w/ Catholic churchSpanish Inquisition for hereticsProtestant Reformation/ Catholic Reformation

Mostly continuities e.g. Scientific Rev. challenged aspects of Roman Catholicism, but people learned to be both

Now most of the area = Roman Catholic, but some Eastern Churches (Orthodox, etc), some Sunni Muslim

Regional Outline for Latin America

8000 600 CE 600 1450 CE

1450-1750 CE 1750 1914 CE 1914 - Present

Politics - The leaders are related to divinity (priests)

- Hierarchal system

- Arrival of Cortes (1518)- Annihilates existing political

system- Codified laws

- Colonization- Implement own government

(Europeans immigrate)- Religion (Catholic) plays a

strong influence in govt

- Decolonization- Majority rules- Series of juntas/dictatorships

Economy - Little trade- Internally based- Mostly agriculture- Large marketplaces

- Cortes trading- Encomiendas- Haciendas- Trade of crops- Brought beasts of burden

improved agriculture

- improved technology- dependent- Europe sucks natural

resources/profits- monoculture

- Europe cannot maintain- Monoculture- Difficulty industrializing- Heavily dependent on natural

resources (Venezuela)

Social Class/Gender - priests rules- hierarchal- patriarchal (though women

appreciated)

- more hierarchal (by race)- depreciation of women (European

influence)

- Continued hierarchy - New castes created (creoles,

mestizos )

- Society opens up- More egalitarian - Some meritocracy- Existing racism

Science/Inventions - Calendar- No wheels- Road system- Chinampas

- medical advances (longer life span)

- Wheel brought in (levers, pulleys)- Brought in writing system (for

Incan empire)

- primitive anesthesia- tools for probing, incision,

organ extraction- blood letting- transfer of European

inventions/influenced

- innovation continued- beginning industrialization- extracting natural resources- science/inventions gotten

through trade

Art/Architecture - Pyramids- Religion-based

- Western/religion (Christian based) art- Mix of original Spanish and Western art

- Combination of European, indigenous, and Christian arts.

Empire - Aztecs- Incas- Mayans- Toltecs, etc.

- decimated (guns, germs, steel)- Iberian rule

- Spanish/Portuguese empire- Treaty of Tordesillas (1949)- Portuguese King moves to

Brazil- Some French influence

- split into many countries - General Boliva: legacy of anti

American, influenced many countries

- No strong institutions due to dependency

Religion - Animism- Polytheism- Worship of nature, etc.

- West considered Gods- Lose belief in previous Gods- West brought Christianity - Influenced (little syncretism:

superstitions created)

- Christianity heavily encouraged - Atheism agnostics increased- Legacy of Catholicism- Society more free to choose

religion

Thematic Outline for Gender RelationsConsider the Following: Inheritance, Rituals, Divorce, Marriage (Age), Suffrage, Leadership, Profession, Education, Religion (missionaries, deities, authority), Sexuality

8000 600 CE 600 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 1914 CE 1914 - PresentEast Asia China- patriarchal society,

emperor can have more than 1 wife.Matrilineal before Shang Dynasty.

China- Had growing number of infanticide if child was female. Males regarded as lucky-Primo Geniture. Wives and young girls had foot binding.

Japan- women live with increased restrictions on daily lives, obey husband or face death.Women educated at home. Known as Warring Period

Women have little freedom, society corrupted because of Opium Trade leads to war with British Empire in Canton, Macau

Women able to gain prestigious jobs, although remain inferior to men. Can Divorce and marry again. Expected to provide sons.

Western Europe Rome-Pater Familias- Centered around eldest Male. Women have influence on family: supervising family businessGreece-Patricians, Plebeians, Slaves-had say in religious rituals, married early and virgin till marriage

Patriarchal society but women could get power if were upper class aristocrats or monarchs/member of royal family.

Queen mothers ran royal house, kept relations with foreign nations and controlled marriage alliance. Exploration & colonization ensures spread of Spanish/Portuguese language, culture, Catholicism

Industrial Revolution- Poor women who had taken care of home/worked in fields shifted to factories/sweatshops. More and more children working now, people moving to cities, immigrants o US, Australia

Men and Women seem almost equal-voting rights, job interviews, and day-to-day rights. Can choose when to get married and not dependable on family to make choices. Well Educated- most prominent place for women

Eastern Europe NO INFORMATION Women treated as inferior to men, but could have say in family life. Both men and women work, mostly agricultural style. Serfdom= work for protection

Russia- nobles adopt Western European culture thru language (some spoke French) and dressing style, but ordinary peoples remain the same.

Emancipation of Serfs in 1861 brings massive changes; Russia modernizes, but changed precedent of tsars because of unrest among lower class.

Women still subordinate to men; however, both are required to work. Orthodox Church doesnt encourage divorce. Both males and females educated.

South Asia Women gained little rights as needed supervision from malesPatriarchal- SatiCouldnt own property

Women remain subordinate to men. Caste system decides each persons place in society. Males educated if Brahmin, women not educated, worked at home.

Mughal outlaw Sati, encourage widows to remarry, Hindu-Muslim try for better relations. Women=Aristocrats, able to supply income (all castes)

British try to outlaw both Sati and Caste System, still both illegally continued. Violence between Hindu and Muslims also persist. Boys + few girls educated

Still extremely patriarchal but women can work + have good jobs, expected to provide sons. Not as auspicious as male babies

Latin America No clear-cut indications; however, most likely patriarchal society based on Latin American history.

Aztec/Inca ruled. Women could become priestess or work under the royal family. Human Sacrifice common for gods.

Changes brought by Europeans, Coloumbian Exchange, slavery encouraged, European disease diminish Aztec and Incan culture and peoples.

Social inequalities persist in spite of laws against it, People of mixed race, Indians, blacks victims of informal prejudice, slavery continued into 19th Century

Rise of Feminism, more than just legal equality and right to vote (cultural and economical), Cuban government limits rights of women: Communism

Middle East Men were hunters, women were food gatherers. Ruled by elite, rulers, priests, and patriarchal society. Women can gain power in courts, priestesses, scribes, small business

Women initially able to conduct businesses and hold certain jobs (Mohammads Wife), Women dont need to veil themselves, divorce is not tolerated

Harems-complex social network, originally non-Islamic slaves/prisoners, mothers had influence if son represented in court-became members of sultans extended family

Merchants contribute to expanding economy based on trade with Europeans, South Asians and East Asians

Laws still very religious (Shari a) but some women can have businesses, males can have up to 4 wives if they can provide substantial lifestyle for each

Global Trade/InteractionsConsider the Following: Major players, dominant vs. dominated regions, how goods traded, technological innovations, what was traded (disease, ideology, religion, materials), role of merchants, currency,

routes, cultural exchange8000 600 CE 600 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 1914 CE 1914 Present

East Asia China: silk cloth; roads constructed; Han-Silk Road trading increased; Iron Age; modernized army (iron weapons, etc.); paper, accurate sun dials/calendars, use of metals, ox-drawn plow.

China controlled east trading zone; traded: silk, porcelain,& paper, military tech, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity; Japan traded: silver; China refocused on Indian Ocean trade in 15th century; expeditions by Zheng He; junks; Mongols; Port of Canton;

China: many navigational inventions[sternpost rudder, lanteen sails, astrolabe, magnetic compass]; relied on regional trade; Japan: prohibited foreign trade

Opium Trade;1st China greatly benefits from trade; China opens up to Europe; Japan industrializes; Japanese ports open up (1854) b/c second Perry expedition. Industrialization

Japanese silk exports reduce; rubber exports damaged; China prospered during Global trade; Vietnam: leading rice exporter; Japan supplied food &raw materials, cars, electronics, etc; Korea: cheap textiles;, steel, cars; Taiwan: textiles; Singapore: 4th largest port.

Western Europe Internal trade mostly; trade &cultural diffusion by boat; wine and olive products for grain in Greece; barter system replaced w/ money system;Hellenism; roman culture spread; rds. connected to silk rd.

Crusades; Hanseatic League: trade monopoly established; begins to trade with Islamic world;

Trade no longer land based only; Hanseatic League; European exploration and colonization; new navigational technology utilized for voyages; British East India Company; stole info. From Spanish/portuguese

European dominance of the world; seized trading networks from local/regional control.

Surrenders export dominance to US/Japan (WWI); Common Market; US: huge exports;; food, wheat, corn, fast food; NAFTA; advertising= diffusion of products and culture; development of economic unions;

Eastern Europe not much contact with the outside world; traded very little

Hanseatic League: trade monopoly established; Mongol Empires; crossroads of Europe and Asia; didnt have much interest in Western goods;

Russia: forced to establish agencies in Moscow/St. Pete; traded primarily with nomads of central asia; Ottoman Empire: European traders formed colonies with Constantinople; dismissed western tech and trade.

Exported grain to Europe for western machinery; # 4 in steel production;

Still agricultural & exports to W. Europe; COMECON; industrialization; cut off from world trade because refusal to join Bretton Woods System;

South Asia Indian Ocean Trade; Mauryans: promoted trade; rds. connected w/ Silk Rd.; Buddhist missionaries sent out; Guptas: Arabic # system, inoculation of smallpox, sterilization during surgery, astronomy.

Indian kingdoms controlled Middle trading zone; ports in India; trades: gems, elephants, salt, cotton cloth & cinnamon

India encouraged to trade with West but was more preoccupied with imperial expansion.

Exclusive trade over India with British East India Company; increase of urbanization due to British colonialism; roads and canals built in; raw materials exported to Britain, finished materials imported back to India;

SW Asia joins in intl drug trade; cheap textiles; exports clothing; became worlds largest democracy

Latin America Didnt trade much yet. Lots of roads; didnt really trade. Exploration of Portugal; Spain headed West-Columbuss voyage; Reconquista delayed Spanish exploration; Vasco de Gama, Dias, Ferdinand Magellan; haciendas formed;

LA trade increased significantly; sugar, cotton, cacao plantations, beef exports-refrigerated boxcars; used for natural resources.

Great Depression kills export economy; US=Cubas leading trade partner til 1959; Columbia: intl drug exchange; Brazil: exotic woods; Mexico: oil; Venezuela: member of OPEC

Middle East Great traders in Mesopotamia; traded with Egypt some; Silk Road Trade; trans-Saharan trade; adopted Sumerian beliefs

Arabs dominated trade; controlled western trading zone; traded: textiles, carpets, glass & Arabian horses; Crusades; Trans-Saharan trade routes; Islam spread; Mongols

Colonies formed here by western Europe. Traded with West but more interested in expanding empire;

Trade with Islamic world decreased; dependent on European imports; discovery of oil gains lots of money.

Oil; westernization; ASEAN ; joins intl drug trade; migration;

Africa East Africa linked to Southern China through Indian Ocean Trade; Trans-Saharan Trade: use of camel/camel saddle; exchange of salt and palm oil; N. Africa supplied Rome with olives, wheat, and wild animals; Egyptian culture spread.

Trans-Saharan trade routes; salt, gold, honey, slaves, ivory (exports); copper, horses, textiles, figs, iron (imports);

Internal Africa not explored, Europeans too scared.

Trans-Atlantic slave trade ended but slavery still continued illegally; coastal regions important for limited trade: stopping points for merchant ships; center for slave trade; established outposts, naval bases and small colonies; diamond deposits; exported cotton to Britain;

After WWI no money to purchase industrial goods, S. African miners prosper from gold mines; after WWII rely on sales of cash crops/minerals; Niger: oil producer, member of OPEC; exports native arts

Major Themes/Turning

Points

Silk Road; Iron Age Silk Road connected everyone; east to west (1200-1600); Crusades; Mongols; Indian Ocean trade; Trans-Saharan trade; Marco Polo; Global Trade Network; Rise of Islam

Silk Road; east to west (1200-1600); Renaissance; gunpowder; European colonization and exploration; Commercial Revolution; Atlantic Slave Trade; ships used for trade; Crusades

End of trans-Atlantic slave trade; industrial revolution; European dominance of world; communication and transportation revolution.

WWI & WWII; Great Depression; globalization;

Political Developments

Time Period Political Developments Notes Foundations Governments emerge as people

settle; Most were monarchies or oligarchies; Greek democracy Roman republic Military empires: Assyria Persia Rome China

600 1450 China had the most advanced political systems; Medieval Europe began to gain power; Major states: Mali Ghana Great Zimbabwe Delhi Sultanate Aztecs Incas; Mongols brought together large portions of Europe and Asia; Governments were primarily monarchies and oligarchies; Formal restrictions were placed on monarchies; Legal systems and legal bodies emerge; Multicultural empires; Feudalism became a common;

1450 1750 Gunpowder Empires: Ottoman, Persia, Mughal India and China controlled before Europeans; European power began to grow; Military strength led to power; Centralized governments; Bureaucracies; National states with fixed borders, national unity, and homogenous

in language and ethnicity; European monarchies: absolutism and constitutional

1750 1914 Political Revolutions: American, French, Haitian, Latin American; Ottoman empire collapsed; Creation of new countries: Italy and Germany; Nationalism becomes a dominant philosophy; Alliance systems form; More democratic government; Japan and Ottoman Empire developed parliamentary forms of monarchy; Latin America led by dictators or military leaders; Colonial domination

1914 to present

Europe loses power; US gains power; Cold War divides the world into camps; Decolonization; Dozens of new nations formed; Democracy grew on all continents, but in many places democracy was fragile and limited; Totalitarian dictatorships;