AP Review - PBworksmrzittlesclassroom.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/...industry and availability of steel, natural resources ... • Chinese Exclusion • Haymarket Riot, Chicago ... 1890-1913

AP Review

…From the Civil War

Key information you MUST know

Western Expansion 1860-1895

• Homestead Act and the Morrill Land Grant Act

• Farming on Great Plains difficult

• Bonanza farms replaced individual farmers

• Women first receive the vote in Western states

• Mining/Lumbering attract settlers

• Native Americans forced off land and into

reservations, with resistance at places like Little

Bighorn and Ghost Dance Movement


• Dawes Act breaks up reservation/tribal lands

• American framers organize in late 1860’s through

the Grange, Framer’s Alliance and later the

Populists

• Dime store novels portray rugged west of outlaws,

drinkers and stagecoach robberies

• Novels contrast with Turner’s Frontier Thesis


• Gold Rush

• Silver discovered

• Barbed wire

• Exoduster Movement

• Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show

• Indian Territories open for settlement

• Cross of Gold

• William Jennings

Bryan

• Greenback Party

• Gold Standard

US as Industrial Giant 1870-1910

• Factors of industrial growth: expansion of heavy industry and availability of steel, natural resources and labor supply

• Taylorism/assembly line created changes for workers

• Horizontal/vertical integration allowed businesses to expand

• Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth

• Early unionization: Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor, Industrial Workers of the World (why does union membership remain low?)


• Significance and impact of new immigrants form s. and e. Europe on cities and labor supply

• Transformation of US cities with new modes of transportation…suburbanization

• Political machines in the city, with early reforms in some states for a civil service system


• Bessemer Steel

• Knights of Labor

• Tammany Hall

• Holding Company

• Gilded Age

• Pendleton Service Act

• Chinese Exclusion

• Haymarket Riot, Chicago

• How the Other Half Lives

• Ellis Island

• First subway-Boston

• Ford opens

• IWW forms

• The Jungle

• Ford uses an assembly line

Rise of American Imperialism 1890-1913

• US becomes economic/imperialistic equal of European powers by 2oth century (US farmers/manufacturers need global market)

• Increased economic/political control of Hawaii

• US wants China trade…want an Open Door

• Opposition in US to imperialism on moral or humanitarian grounds

• Spanish-American War increases imp. Impulse

• US reluctantly annexes Philippines, leading to three years of fighting

• Panama Canal built for military, strategic and economic purposes

• Roosevelt Corollary to MD increased US control over LA

Rise of American Imperialism 1890-1913

• Alaska acquired

• Our Country, Josiah

Strong: role of Anglo-

Saxon in world

• Mahan’s Influence of Sea

Power upon History

• Pro-US planters

overthrow Queen L

• USS Maine…War

• John Jay’s Open Door

• Gain Philippines

• Naval Act expands

navy

• Great White Fleet

• Treaty of Portsmouth

• Panama Canal

Progressive Era 1895-1914

• What were the political, economic and social problems that

existed in the late 1890’s that lead to a movement to

address these issues?

• Progressives were a movement w/o a single set of leaders,

goals

• Social Gospel Movement aligned with progressive goals

• Muckraking magazines and newspapers created/published

the progressive agenda

• Efforts to reform city government and and its services


• Political reforms include: initiative, referendum, recall, direct primary…to name a few

• Hull House was a…? Created by Whom?

• TR’s Square Deal included many progressive measures

• The Great War ended/diminished the reform impulse

• Failure of reformers: aiding farmers, African Americans and other non-WASP’s


• Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy

• Tom Johnson, Cleveland mayor

• Women's Trade Union league

• NAACP

• Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy

• Bull Moose Party

• Triangle Shirtwaist fire

• Federal Reserve System

• Anti-Saloon league

• The Jungle

• Birth of a Nation

• Robert La Follette

• 14 Points

• Eugene Debs

• Clayton Anti-trust Act

• Pure Food and Drug

• Outbreak of WWI

• Prohibition

• Ida Tarbell

US and the Great War (WWI)

• First direct US of European affairs, expanding US involvement and impact on world

• Many in US prefer Allies, U-boat campaign solidifies support for France and UK

• Lusitania and Zimmerman Telegraph

• AEF provides military and psychological support for Allies

• Propaganda directed towards the “Hun”

• Federal government mobilized population for war effort


• Great Migration begins, continues through

1920’s

• French/British opposition to 14 Points

• Treaty ignites old debate: isolationism or

internationalism?

• America grows more isolationist through 1920’s

• Social and economic upheaval in the post-war

conversion to peace


• Convoy System

• Russian Revolution

• Liberty Bonds

• Conscription

• War Industries Board

• Committee on Public

Information, George Creel

• Espionage Act

• Irreconcilables v.

Reservationists

• Treaty of Versailles

• Chicago’s race riots

• Labor strikes

• Post-war strife

• Red Scare

1920’s: The Start of Modern US

• A consumer economy emerges unprecedented in US history

• New forms of entertainment: ads, newspapers, radio, motion pictures leads to a uniform national culture

• Changes resisted by many in small towns/rural, leading to many cultural conflicts

• Taylor’s assembly line leads to mass-produced consumer goods

• Buying on the installment plan created opportunities and problems

• Republican Party controls WH and Congress with policies that generally favor big business


• Harding administration wracked by scandal

• Resentment towards Blacks intensifies, resulting in race riots in the North and lynchings in the South, new KKK

• Red Scare results in suspension of civil liberties, deportation of immigrants

• Nativist fears leads to quota restrictions in early 1920’s

• Urban/Rural split: prohibition and evolution

• The Jazz Age: emergence of speakeasies, flappers and loser sexual mores

• The Lost Generation disillusioned with American Society

• Harlem Renaissance: diverse collection of black artists, musicians and writers


• Race riots, Chicago

• Violent Strikes

• Palmer raids

• Sacco and Vanzetti

• Model T

• Teapot Dome Scandal

• Rep. Presidents

• Washington Conference

• Dawes Plan

• Marcus Garvey

• National origins Act

• Scopes Trial

• The Jazz Singer

• The Man Nobody Knows

• The Great Gatsby

• Harlem Renaissance

• Charles Lindbergh

• Babe Ruth

• Market Crash

Great Depression and New Deal

• G Depression’s origins are economic problems of the 1920’s: agricultural, banking, speculating and buying on margin

• HH: volunteerism best solution

• FDR: Promises a New Deal. First activist president of 20th century, used power of fed gov’t, to help

• First 100 Days: Banks, CCC, stable farm prices, NIRA, speaks to US via fireside chats

• Second New Deal: WPA and Social Security, longest lasting legacy of FDR/ND


• FDR crafts coalition of urban whites, southerners, union members, and blacks that stay in the Democratic party in power through 1980’s

• New Deal Critics: Left: did nor do enough to alleviate effects of depression. Right: policies undermined competitive nature of capitalism leading to socialism

• Court packing and Recession of 1937 demonstrate strength of Depression and ltd power of New Deal

• Radio/Movies are staples of relief


• CRASH

• Dust Bowl

• Hoovervilles

• Hawley Smoot Tariff

• Scottsboro Boys

• Bonus Army

• Huey Long’s Share Our Wealth

• Prohibition ends

• CCC

• TVA

• WPA

• AAA

• FDIC

• Wagner Act: right to organize NLRB

• Francis Perkins

• Mary McLeod Bethune

• Eleanor

• The Grapes of Wrath

• Their Eyes Were Watching God

WWII

• War production ends Great Depression

• US emerges as global power, w/USSR, after war

• Isolationism is US policy through 1930’s

• Lend-Lease/Destroyers for bases assist Britain

• PH attack part of Japanese strategy, mobilizes US opinion/resolve

• US forces create second front in Europe

• US air/sea power defeat Japanese in pacific

• Atomic bomb: minimize human cost of invasion, and as retaliation against Japanese war actions

WWII

• American war-time sacrifices: rationing,

war bonds, victory gardens, extra work

• Industrial jobs for women

• Continued discrimination in the military and

civilian sector for African Americans

(Double V)

• Japanese internment

WWII

• Hitler

• Nazi-Soviet Pact

• Neutrality Act

• Atlantic Charter

• Pearl Harbor

• Baatan Death March

• Battle of the Atlantic

• Yalta Conference: split Germany,

• Iron Curtain

• Battle of Midway

• War bonds

• Ration cards

• Victory Garden

• Rosie the Riviter

• Korematsu v. US

• Internment camps

• Casablanca

• Manhattan Project

Cold War Origins 1945-1960

• Winning Cold War central goal for 45 years

• Significant economic impact: factories

devoted to military hardware

• Who started it: Soviet expansionism v. US

monopoly on the BOMB

• Post-war conferences


• Iron Curtain image articulated by Churchill

• Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan and NATO unite US and W. Europe

• US resolve tested by Berlin and Korea

• 1949: USSR China Communist

• HUAC investigates commie infiltration in US, McCarthy roots out commies

• Ike and Dulles: aggressive plan to rollback and contain communism

• Arms race between US and USSR


• Yalta

• Potsdam

• Iron Curtain

• Kennan: Containment

• Truman Doctrine

• Marshall Plan

• Berlin Airlift

• NATO/Warsaw Pact

• “Who Lost China?”

• HUAC/Hiss-Nixon

• Creation of Israel

• Eisenhower Doctrine

• Army-McCarthy Hearings

• Guatemala overthrow

• Suez Crisis/Nasser

• Domino Theory

• Shah of Iran

• Rosenbergs

• Dien Bien Phu

• Geneva Accords

• Sputnik

• Castro

• JFK elected

1950’s: Prosperity and Anxiety

• The 50’s: Complacency or quiet and growing ferment?

• Economic Growth: Cold War spending, autos, houses and appliances

• Ads shape purchasing

• GI Bill: mortgages and college education (welfare?), move people into the middle class

• Does suburbanization = conformity?

• Baby Boom 1945 to 1962

• Truman and Ike still in FDR’s shadow: has the New Deal become acceptable?


• Brown v. Board of Education, roots in Howard

University

• Montgomery Bus Boycott brings new leaders and

strategies to the fore

• Are Civil Rights and the Cold War linked?

• Were teens of the 1950’s the silent generation?

What were the effect of James Dean and Elvis

Presley? What were they rebelling against?


• GI Bill

• Taft Hartley

• Jackie Robinson

• Credit card introduced

• Catcher in the Rye (1951)

• Rock n Roll (1953)

• Interstate H-way Act

• McDonald’s opens

• Majority of workers are white-collar

• ¾’s of US own a tv (1960)

• Feminine Mystique

• Man in the Gray Flannel

Suit

• Betty Friedan: NOW

• The Beat Generation

• On the Road

• The Affluent Society

• Levittowns

America in Turmoil: 1960-1975

• Are protest and the cultural rebellion of the 1960’s good or bad? Why?

• JFK’s image of presidential strength though few program pass Congress

• Cuban Missiles: major crisis that bring world close to world war

• Was JFK’s death used by LBJ to get Great Society programs passed in Congress

• Civil Rights Movement moves for non-violent interracial cooperation to Black Power? Why?


• Women seek equal rights through orgs like NOW

• LBJ escalates the war in Vietnam

• US military struggles against VC/NVA tactics and declining domestic support

• Tet Offensive is a turning point as well as other events of 1968: King/RFK, Democratic Convention, Nixon wins

• Student protests on the rise. SDS key organization

• Vietnamization is Nixon’s plan, SV gov’t falls two years after US leaves


• SDS

• SNCC

• Freedom Rides

• Bay of Pigs

• Silent Spring, Rachel Carson

• Cuban Missile Crisis

• The Other America

• March on Washington

• The Feminine Mystique

• War on Poverty

• Free Speech Movement

• Civil Rights Act

• Tonkin Gulf

Resolution

• Troop escalation, 1965

America in Turmoil

• Warren Commission

• Kerner Commission

• Nation of Islam

• Black Nationalism

• Black Panthers

• United Farm Workers

• Counterculture

• Woodstock Music Festival

• Pentagon Papers

• American Indian

Movement

• My Lai Massacre

• Nixon reelected

• Roe v. Wade

US: Decline and Rebirth? (1968-1988)

• How did the Watergate Affair contribute to a sense of decline in the US? Why did Nixon go after “enemies?”

• Nixon crafts new relationships with China and the Soviet Union

• Ford’s tenure tainted by pardon of Nixon

• Carter campaigns as an outsider, a position taken by many post-Watergate politicians

• Outsider status hurts carter’s relationships w/ Congress in terms of legislation

• Camp David Accords helped Egypt/Israel bridge differences


• Carter was unable to negotiate release of hostages held in Iran, costing him reelection votes

• Ronald Reagan elected a a conservative who hope to restore US pride

• RR employs supply-side economics, though it grew the economy, deficits soared

• RR escalated Cold War rhetoric, but courted cordial relations with Soviet leaders

• Demonstrates lack of direct control as demonstrated by Iran-Contra Affair


• Nixon’s southern strategy

• SALT I

• Détente/Realpolitik

• Watergate, Woodward and Bernstein

• Spiro Agnew resigns

• Saturday Night massacre

• Nixon resigns/Ford

• Stagflation: unemployment and inflation

• WIN

• Carter signs Panama canal treaty

• Affirmative Action

• Religious Right

• Draft amnesty by Carter

• American taken hostage in Iran

• Recession 1981-1983

• Massive Tax Cuts/tax Reform Act of 1986 (50 to 28% for wealthiest)

• Star Wars

• US victorious in Grenada

US from 1988 to 2000 • Ability to manage domestic politics key to presidential

success in post-Cold War era

• GHW Bush alienates w/ no new taxes

• What ended the Cold War: weakness in Soviet infrastructure, ^ US mil spending, Polish resistance?

• GHW Bush against Iraq in Desert Storm

• Clinton campaigns as New Democrat/centric, focus on economy

• Clinton failure on Health Care paved way for Rep gains in 1994 (Contract with America)

US from 1988 to 2000

• Clinton and Gingrich fierce opponents in

budget battles

• Whitewater and investigations of Clinton’s

personal life marred second term of Clinton

• George W Bush elected after S. Court steps

in

US from 1988 to 2000

• Solidarity replace Comm gov’t in Poland

• Berlin Wall falls

• Comm gov’ts fall in EE

• Persian Gulf War

• New Right

• Economic recession

• Clinton elected

• US troops killed in Somalia

• NAFTA ratified

• Terrorists target WTC

• Globalization

• Republican sweep mid-term election 1994

• Kenneth Starr appt special prosecutor

• Federal budget surplus

• Clinton impeached by House, acquitted by Senate

• GW Bush elected

• 9-11

Documents

AP Review - PBworksmrzittlesclassroom.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/...industry and availability of steel, natural resources ... • Chinese Exclusion • Haymarket Riot, Chicago ... 1890-1913