AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH 15n 26o CLASS NOTES STATE ORGANIZATION
AND NATIONAL POWER
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To understand State power Look at traits of state &
Relationships between states Colonialism Era projects European
power to the rest of the world
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Political Geography
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First Wave Colonization
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The Second Wave of Colonization The Scramble for Africa
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Nations colonize WHY / HOW?? to make money!!! Economy / Trade
usually =s countrys power
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GEOPOLITICS Study of international political relationships
& the territorial / environmental context which they occur
Economic power is key to political power
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ORGANIC THEORY Friedrich Ratzel States are living organisms
Consume others to survive How???
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WORLD SYSTEMS THEORY Immanuel Wallerstien World is interlocked
system of states Developing dependent on Developed (C-P Model)
Argue Counter Dependent???
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Core / Periphery / Semi-Periphery
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Character of the State CORE AREA (C-P Model) National heartland
from which state spread Largest Pop. Cluster Usually contains
capital Most productive region Central & accessible
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World Conquest Theory HEARTLAND THEORY Sir Halford Mackinder
Land Power = World Conquest Eurasia = World Island Defense /
Resources / Manpower
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RIMLAND THEORY Nicolas Spykman Eurasian RIM is key Coastal Sea
Power = Colonization Alliances to contain Heartland
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USA Contains Communism
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Capital City Political nerve center of the country (seat of
Govt)
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Primate City Countrys largest city representing best the
national culture (usually capital) Mexico City London Paris
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Mexico City
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Paris
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London
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New London CBD
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Forward Capitals Move capital to one to achieve some national
goal Pakistan > Karachi to Islamabad (1960) Brazil > Rio de
Janeiro to Brasilia (1960) Nigeria> Lagos to Abuja (1991) USA
> Philadelphia to Wash. DC (1790)
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Karachi
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Islamabad
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Rio de Janeiro
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Brasilia
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Unitary State (older European) N/S with centralized Govt
exerting power equally over all parts of the state (Paris
France)
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Federal State political system which unites N/S under common
goals But allows indiv. states to maintain IDs & laws
(USA)
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Electoral Geography Study of voting systems and behavior
Special interest in representation How voting districts are drawn
up Gerrymandering (re-) drawing districts for voting advantage
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(Dont Write!!!!!) "The term gerrymandering is derived from
Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814), the governor of Massachusetts from 1810
to 1812. In 1812, Governor Gerry signed a bill into law that
redistricted his state to overwhelmingly benefit his party, the
Republican Party. The opposition party, the Federalists, were quite
upset. One of the congressional districts was shaped very strangely
and, as the story goes, one Federalist remarked that the district
looked like a salamander. No, said another Federalist, it's a
gerrymander. The Boston Weekly Messenger brought the term
gerrymander into common usage when it subsequently printed an
editorial cartoon that showed the district in question with a
monster's head, arms, and tail and named the creature a
gerrymander."