AP European Review

The Post-War World

1. Before 1980, which two countries made serious (but

unsuccessful) attempts to break away from Soviet control?

A. Hungary and Poland

B. Yugoslavia and Poland

C. Poland and Czechoslovakia

D. China and Hungary

E. Hungary and Czechoslovakia

2. The Arab oil embargo of 1973

A. led to the high inflation that undercut the economies of Europe for the remainder of the decade

B. had relatively little impact because fuel reserves throughout Europe remained adequate

C. brought about an East-West rapprochement as the Eastern Bloc provided much needed coal

D. brought about increased tensions among the countries of the European Union

E. led to a dramatic upsurge in the use of alternative energy

3. Following World war II, up to the 1960s,

Europe's population

A. declined due to Cold war conflicts

B. surpassed that of Asia and Africa

C. stagnated with the onset of artificial contraception

D. rose because of an increasing birth rate

E. fluctuated depending on the economy

answers

• 1. E

• 2. A

• 3. D

4. In the immediate post-World War II

period most Western European states A. began to scale back on their more generous

entitlement programsB. expanded social services only for the poor

and elderlyC. continued to limit their spending on social

service programsD. focused on industrial expansion at the

expense of social spending.E. greatly expanded their social service

programs for all their citizens

5. Which Western European power experienced the greatest

degree of conflict in its decolonization efforts after 1945? A. West Germany

B. Belgium

C. Great Britain

D. The Netherlands

E. France

6. How did Gorbachev's policies open the way to

changes in the USSR? A. His perestroika provisions allowed the central economy to

reorganize its power.

B. Glastnost allowed the government to issue its new policies with a clarity that assuaged the public's worries.

C. Glastnost was the first time in 70 years that Soviet society experienced a liberalization of policies.

D. Perestroika underscored the deep problems in the economy and threatened traditional economic power.

E. Perestroika allowed so many western items to come in that the people demanded the same possibilities.

Answers

• 4. E

• 5. E

• 6. D

7. At the Second Vatican Council, a major goal for the Catholic Church was to

A. support the overthrow of communism in Eastern Europe

B. modernize the church's position on birth control

C. seek reconciliation for the papacy's actions during the Holocaust

D. open dialogues with other faiths and modernism

E. elect the first non-Italian pope since the fifteenth century

8. The American policy of containment

during the Cold war involved A. easing tension with the Soviet Union

through spheres of influenceB. invading Eastern Europe to liberate that

area from Soviet oppressionC. halting the spread of communism through a

variety of meansD. extending economic aid for humanitarian

relief effortsE. preventing the spread of Western Europe

as a competing power

9. Which issues contributed most to the schism

between China and the Soviet Union?

A. Mao's insistence on a different form of Marxism

B. Chinese stand on Taiwan

C. Soviet repression of the Hungarian revolution

D. Soviet backing of India

E. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Answers

• 7. D

• 8. C

• 9. D

10. Which of the following describes a major

social change in Europe after World War II? A. Birthrates increased, as states encouraged

population growth.B. The standard of living remained at wartime

levels.C. Life expectancy decreased for the next

several decades.D. Extended families became common, to pool

scarce resources.E. The number of workers in scientific fields

decreased.

11. In the 1970s one of the biggest

threats facing the Italian government A. the collapse of the lireB. the increasing strength of the Italian

Communist PartyC. the inability to increase industrial

outputD. the reemergence of fascism as a

political forceE. was the escalation of political terrorism

12. Which of the following is true of the Second Vatican Council?

  A. It promoted the ecumenical

movement.

B. It authorized the marriage of priests.

C. It reaffirmed the Syllabus of Errors.

D. It was opposed by Pope John XXIII.

E. It decreed that the Mass be said in Latin.

Answers

• 10. A

• 11. E

• 12. A

13. Existentialism is a post-World War II philosophy focusing on

A. opposing the Cold War division of Europe

B. developing a universal code of valuesC. the need for revival of religious beliefD. the importance of human choice and

responsibilityE. a view of humans as determined by

outside forces

14. Which of the following best describes the economic policies of Western European governments after World

War II?

  A. a gradual reassertion of laissez-faire economic theory

B. nationalization of most industries to provide full employment

C. provision for welfare programs such as old-age pensions

D. movement toward the command economic model

E. focus on the agricultural sector at the expense of industry

15. The Western European country which stepped back from the process of European economic and military

unity in the late 1950s and 1960s was A. West Germany

B. Italy

C. Great Britain

D. France

E. the Netherlands

Answers

• 13. D

• 14. C

• 15. D

16. Which of the following accurately

characterizes a major cause of the Cold War? A. Soviet offers of economic aid to Western

EuropeB. the early Soviet monopoly of nuclear

weaponsC. disagreements over whether to de-Nazify

GermanyD. the superpowers' differing political systemsE. American designs on controlling Eastern

Europe

17. Charles de Gaulle encouraged France to develop its own nuclear force because

A. the conflict in Indochina would hinge on whether the French had nuclear arms.

B. the expense of a nuclear force allowed the French to reduce the size of their conventional forces

C. he doubted America's will to use its nuclear weapons in times of war.

D. he remained concerned about Soviet intentions

E. he wanted France to still be considered a great power

18. Comparing the results of the two world wars, which of the

following had the most influence on the development of a cold war?

A. Global economic power dispersed among many different regions.

B. The first treaties were too unequal to allow the build up of opposing factions.

C. There were few animosities among the winners of the Great War.

D. A successful victory led to an inevitable rebalance of global political power.

E. No powerful coalition can succeed without an opposing group.

Answers

• 16. E

• 17. D

• 18. D

19. Which of the following is NOT associated with the

European Union?

A. The European Union standing army

B. immigration issues

C. The European Economic Community

D. The Maastricht Treaty

E. The euro replacing the currency of individual countries

20. The initial reaction of the Russian government to the fighting

that broke out in Chechnya in the 1990s demonstrated that Russia

A. would defend its remaining republics against foreign invasion

B. was unwilling to grant independence to dissenting ethnic groups

C. needed the United States' resources to ensure stability in the region

D. favored re-establishing communismE. had little control over its arsenal of nuclear

weapons

21. the main purpose of the Treaty of

Maastricht was to A. adapt a common immigration policy among

the European Union countriesB. open up the European Union to RussiaC. establish unified military forces to be used

with NATOD. create a common currency system and a

central banking system for the European system

E. negotiate a reduction in tariff with the United States

Answers

• 19. A

• 20. B

• 21. D

22. In terms of domestic policy,

Brezhnev A. turned the economy away from heavy

industry to consumer goodsB. expanded Khrushchev's de-

Stalinization programC. reduced military spending.D. partially re-Stalinized RussiaE. gave greater autonomy to the non-

Russian minorities in the Soviet Union

23. All of the following were characteristics of

life during the Brezhnev era EXCEPT

A. lack of consumer goods

B. poor economic production by Soviet industry

C. lack of artistic freedom

D. victory in the war against Afghanistan

E. strict government control by the Soviet bureaucracy

24. Which of the following best characterizes the impact of the 1968 student revolts in France on the government of President

Charles de Gaulle?

  A. Political instability forced de Gaulle to

withdraw France from NATO.B. De Gaulle was forced to request American

aid in subduing the revolt.C. The government and students reached a

power-sharing agreement.D. De Gaulle survived the revolt, but growing

unpopularity led to his resignation.E. Radical socialists used the event to

overthrow the Fifth Republic.

Answers

• 22. D

• 23. D

• 24. D

25. Milosevic's policy of "ethnic

cleansing" was A. the forced removal of non-Serbian groups

from Serbian-controlled areasB. a way to ensure peace throughout

YugoslaviaC. a treaty with the former Soviet UnionD. a way to unite all Serbs and non-Serbs into

a greater YugoslaviaE. a plan of attack against his neighboring

countries

26. German unification in October 1990

A. was strongly opposed by the FrenchB. occurred with remarkably few problems

since the West Germans had planned for this moment for decades

C. led to renewed calls to redraw the post-war boundaries of Germany and their Eastern European neighbors.

D. was secretly opposed by the United StatesE. was achieved at an economic cost far higher

than expected

27. In the 1990s governments across Western

Europe have begun to reassess A. their commitment to providing cradle-

to-grave social servicesB. their commitment to NATOC. their commitment to the Common

MarketD. their need for economic assistance

from EuropeE. their over-reliance on imported oil

Answers

• 25. A

• 26. E

• 27. A