ANSYS ELECTROMAGAGNETIC Update in 2020 R1ANSYS Maxwell enables harmonic force coupling, enhancing the accuracy of the electromagnetic and vibroacoustic design of electric vehicle powertrains,

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ANSYS ELECTROMAGAGNETIC Update in 2020 R1

ANSYS 2020 R1 delivers electromagnetic field simulation solutions to aid our customers’ pursuit

of the engineering megatrends of autonomy, 5G connectivity, electrification and energy

efficiency. New features include:

ANSYS HFSS SBR+ offers creeping wave physics for installed antenna analysis and

placement studies, thus increasing the accuracy of modeling antennas integrated into

objects with curved attributes.

EMI Xplorer in ANSYS SIwave helps to assess and mitigate potential board- and package-

level EMI problems prior to running simulations early in the design cycle.

ANSYS Maxwell enables harmonic force coupling, enhancing the accuracy of the

electromagnetic and vibroacoustic design of electric vehicle powertrains, transformers,

turbomachinery and other electric machines.

ANSYS Cloud has been extended in ANSYS Electronics Desktop to include electrothermal

simulations involving ANSYS Icepak. Additionally, Icepak supports steady-state or

transient thermal analysis for a variety of low- and high-frequency applications.

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Smaller, Faster, Smarter Electronics

The gold standard for electromagnetic filed simulation

Electromagnetic, Electronics, Thermal and Electromechanical

Simulation

ANSYS electromagnetic field simulation helps you design innovative electrical and electronic

products faster and more cost-effectively. In today’s world of high-performance electronics and

advanced electrification systems, the effects of electromagnetic fields on circuits and systems

cannot be ignored. ANSYS software can uniquely simulate electromagnetic performance across

component, circuit and system design, and can evaluate temperature, vibration and other

critical mechanical effects. This unmatched electromagnetic-centric design flow helps you

achieve first-pass system design success for advanced communication systems, high-speed

electronic devices, electromechanical components and power electronics systems.

Wireless and RF

ANSYS high-frequency electromagnetics design software enables you to design, simulate and

validate the performance of antennas and RF and microwave components. The integrated

microwave circuit and system modeling capabilities have direct integration to our EM solvers

delivering a platform for full-system verification of next-generation RF and microwave designs.

PCB and Electronic Packaging

The ANSYS Chip-Package-System (CPS) design flow delivers unparalleled simulation capacity

and speed for power integrity, signal integrity and EMI analysis of high-speed electronic

devices. Automated thermal analysis and integrated structural analysis capabilities complete

the industry’s most comprehensive chip-aware and system-aware simulation solution across

the chip-package-board.

Electromechanical and power electronics

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ANSYS electromechanical and power electronics simulation software is ideal for applications

which depend on the robust integration of motors, sensors, and actuators with electronics

controls. ANSYS software simulates the interactions between these components, and the

design flow incorporates thermal and mechanical analysis for evaluating cooling strategies and

analyzing critical mechanical effects like noise-vibration-harshness (NVH).

Electronics Thermal Management

ANSYS electronics thermal management solutions leverage advanced solver technology with

robust, automatic meshing to enable you to rapidly perform heat transfer and fluid flow

simulation for convective and forced air cooling strategies. Our solutions help you design

cooling strategies to avoid excessive temperatures that degrade the performance of IC

packages, printed circuit boards (PCBs), data centers, power electronics and electric motors.

Applications:

ANTENNAS: The Internet of Things, wearable electronics, 5G, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

and automotive radar are emerging applications that are driving extreme integration of RF and

wireless communications. The ANSYS Antenna and Wireless System design flow delivers the

simulation features you need to create reliable, optimized systems faster than your

competition.

You can rely on ANSYS HFSS for accurate results regarding the performance of your antennas,

both as components and when integrated into an operating environment. Depending on the

scale of the problem and results desired, you can select from a range of solver technologies and

HPC enhancements available as add-ons.

Examples:

ANSYS HFSS for Antenna Simulation – Application Brief

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ANSYS Smart Wristband

Wearing a Wire

Simulation Antennas Inside Automobiles

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Finite Antenna Array Analysis

AUTOMOTIVE RADAR: Analyze complex automotive radar driving scenarios using the powerful

and accurate methods of ANSYS HFSS SBR+. Engineers can solve advanced automotive ADAS

radar systems and understand the response from a complex automotive driving scenario.

Features include SBR+ solution type, parametric antenna sources with far-field overlay and

accelerated frequency sweeps.

Modern automobiles are equipped with ingenious safety systems guided by a combination of stereo cameras, radar and proximity sensors. Radar is prevalent in safety, navigation and driver assistance systems thanks to its high precision and exceptional scalability. With proven EM simulators like ANSYS HFSS and ANSYS HFSS SBR+, engineers can analyze radar system performance in complex, dynamic scenarios and improve the accuracy of their response to potential hazards. These simulations are critical in designing, testing and validating many aspects of radar systems.

Engineers can use ANSYS HFSS and SBR+ to design radar systems in the 24 GHz or 77 GHz radar bands. These systems can be used for functions like autonomous cruise control, collision

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avoidance, cross-traffic alerts, parking assistance, blind spot detection, pedestrian detection, emergency braking, etc.

As an example, HFSS and SBR+ enables engineers to create antennas for long-range radar systems working at 77 GHz based on finite element methods and accelerated shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) methods.

HFSS and SBR+ are ideal tools to design high fidelity parametric antenna arrays and analyze their installed performance by mounting them on vehicle bumpers made of the latest and greatest materials. The proximity of the radome to the dielectric de-tunes the antennas and distorts the far-field patterns. HFSS SBR+ includes antenna blockage support and a user-defined transmission/reflection boundary to solve these simulations faster and more accurately. This is tremendously useful for upfront design. SBR+ uses ray tracing to model the array interaction with the vehicle and predict the installed antenna pattern. Strong vehicle scattering can cause antenna radiation pattern side-lobes to rise and multiply. Main beam shift, shape distortion, gain loss, depolarization and side-lobe levels — all these critical metrics in modeling the performance of a long-range radar can be analyzed and studied thoroughly in HFSS and SBR+.

ANSYS HFSS and SBR+ are powerful tools for studying automotive radar systems with geometries ranging from sub-wavelength to thousands of wavelengths. ANSYS electromagnetic simulations empower companies to develop innovative, effective and reliable automotive radar systems. Advanced simulations from ANSYS HFSS and SBR+ can help companies meet the increasing demands for automation involving car radar systems.

Features:

With ANSYS HFSS and SBR+ you can:

Design parametric antenna arrays.

Analyze installed antenna performance.

Model radiation interaction with fascia.

Predict scattering.

Simulate driving scenarios.

Analyze antenna blockage.

Define a transmission/reflection boundary.

Examples:

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Improving Radar Performance with Simulation

On the Radar

Autonomous Vehicle Radar: White Paper

INSTALLED ANTENNA PERFORMANCE: ANSYS HFSS-SBR+ is a powerful, shooting and bouncing

ray (SBR) electromagnetic field solver option for HFSS. HFSS SBR+ predicts performance of

antennas mounted to electrically large platforms. Antenna designs created in HFSS can be

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linked to HFSS SBR+ and placed on an electrically large platform and rapidly solved. This

powerful combination enables you to analyze installed performance and optimize antenna

placement.

Engineers responsible for integrating antennas onto platforms are typically interested in the

installed performance of the antenna. In other words, they want to know how the presence of

the platform changes the performance of the antenna. Performance of the antenna is much

different when installed on real-world vehicles and platforms than when installed on a big, flat

ground plane in an anechoic chamber. Further, coupling between pairs of antenna can be

radically different depending upon where the antennas are installed on the platform. But how

can you predict how an antenna will perform when installed on a car, ship, aircraft or tower—

short of going to the measurement range with the antenna already installed?

Savant takes that costly and nearly impossible measurement based prototyping process and

reduces it to minutes on a typical desktop computer.

Examples:

Installed Antenna Performance on Electrically Large Platforms

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Modeling Toll Tag Reader Electromagnetic Coupling

Solve Large – Scale Problems in a Connected World with HFSS SBR+

Radio Frequency Interference: With a rapidly increasing number of wireless devices and a finite

spectrum in which to operate, the likelihood of these communication systems interfering with

each other and degrading the performance of neighboring systems becomes greater every day.

The ANSYS RF Option now includes EMIT, the industry-leading software for predicting RF co-site

and EMI interference of multiple radio transmitters and receivers.

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RF cosite interference poses serious problems in situations where multiple RF systems are

located in a common environment. Modern RF systems operate over much of the RF spectrum

(10 KHz through 100+ GHz), using vastly different power levels and modulation schemes.

Commercial and military RF systems are designed to performance specifications that dictate

both in-band and out-of-band performance. Nonetheless, cosite interference can occur

between RF systems that meet their specifications. When antennas are closely located,

seemingly insignificant emissions or susceptibilities of transmitters and receivers can result in

interference due to high coupling levels. Further, RF transmitter power levels, modulation

schemes, harmonics and nonlinear behavior lead to spectral growth both in-band and out-of-

band that can overload receivers. In general, receivers have both in-band and out-of-band

susceptibilities; mixer products, phase noise and dynamic range issues that make it necessary to

consider their wideband performance to determine if they will function properly in a complex

RF environment.

ANSYS EMIT takes away the black magic of solving complex cosite interference problems

through an intuitive workflow that identifies the root cause of problems. Whether you are

considering a handheld device or a large military system, EMIT can help mitigate your most

challenging cosite interference problems.

Examples:

RF Cosite and Coexistence RFI Modeling and Mitigation

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Solve RF Cosite Interference Issues with ANSYS HFSS and EMIT

RF and MICROWAVE: As communication systems push the limits of component size, weight and

performance, engineers must adopt new technologies and smarter workflows by leveraging EM

field simulators linked to powerful harmonic balance and transient circuit simulation. ANSYS

electromagnetic solutions break the cycle of repeated design iterations and physical

prototyping. With ANSYS solutions, you can consistently achieve best-in-class design in a broad

range of applications including passive RF/mW components, integrated multichip modules,

advanced packaging and RF PCBs.

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ANSYS RF and microwave design software allows engineers to design, simulate, and validate the

behavior of complex, high-performance RF, microwave, and millimeter-wave devices in next

generation wireless communication and defense systems. By leveraging advanced

electromagnetic-field simulators dynamically linked to powerful harmonic-balance and

transient circuit simulation, ANSYS software breaks the cycle of repeated design iterations and

lengthy physical prototyping. With ANSYS, engineering teams consistently achieve best-in-class

design in a broad range of applications including antennas, phased arrays, passive RF/mW

components, integrated multi-chip modules, advanced packaging, and RF PCBs.

Examples:

High Performance Computing with HFSS – White Paper

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HFSS 3-D Layout – Application Brief

3-D Components – Video

Modeling Specific Absorption Rates – Application Brief

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Spiral Inductor-Presentation

Using ANSYS HFSS in a Standard MMIC RFIC Design Flow- Webinar

HFSS Thermal Coupling – Presentation

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HFSS Integration with Cadence – Application Brief

RFID

Colpitts Oscillator

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Signal Integrity: ANSYS provides a complete suite of engineering simulation tools to help

identify signal integrity issues early in the design cycle for electronics IC packages, PCBs,

connectors and other complex interconnects. ANSYS signal integrity analysis products predict

EMI/EMC, signal integrity and power integrity issues — enabling your design team to optimize

system performance before build and test.

ANSYS signal integrity (SI) analysis products are essential for designing high-speed serial

channels, parallel buses and complete power delivery systems found in modern high-speed

electronic devices. These integrated electromagnetics (EM) and circuit simulation tools

predict EMI/EMC, power integrity and SI issues, resulting in optimized system performance

prior to build and test.

Design automation features let users:

Import designs from popular layout tools.

Perform rigorous electromagnetics extraction.

Couple to full-circuit simulations.

Many electrical and thermal issues that affect printed circuit boards (PCBs) — electromagnetic

interference (EMI), crosstalk, power integrity, overheating, etc. — adversely impact the overall

signal integrity of electronic products. These are difficult to predict and expensive to measure.

ANSYS tools can mitigate signal integrity problems of high-speed digital systems and improve

their reliability and performance for first-pass design success.

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Examples:

Fast 3D – Analysis of PCBs

Crossed Signals

Internet of Things

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Multiphysics Simulation of a PCB

POWER INTEGRITY: ANSYS provides the world’s leading simulation solution for power delivery

from chip to package, PCBs and chassis/casings. ANSYS simulation tools for multifoundry-

certified chip-level power sign-off, automated AC operating performance prediction and DC

power loss and thermal mitigation ensure chip-package-system power integrity for

performance, reliability and cost.

For today’s high-speed digital designs, it is critical that printed circuit boards (PCB) and

integrated circuit (IC) packages are accurately analyzed using a reliable simulation tool like

ANSYS SIwave-DC so that potential pre- and post-layout power and signal integrity problems

are caught early in the design cycles. ANSYS SIwave-DC provides proper verification of power

delivery networks for DC power losses, early detection of thermal hotspots, and prevention of

failure during the design cycle. It’s based on the highest-fidelity electromagnetic numerical

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analyses to solve all possible aspects involved in the high-speed digital designs of PCBs and IC

packages.

Examples:

ANSYS Slwave – DC for Power Integrated Analysis

Solving DC power Distribution Problems

Package and Board with ANSYS Slwave- PI

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LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETICS: Sensors, actuators, and transformers and other electromagnetic and electromechanical devices are key to the megatrend of electrification. ANSYS low frequency, electromagnetic field simulation software allows you to accurately calculate critical design parameters and automatically create precise system-level device models quickly and accurately.

ANSYS electromagnetic simulation software can precisely characterize the nonlinear, transient

motion of electromagnetic components such as magnetic actuators, transformers, sensors and

induction heating. This workflow enables you to speed the development of innovative products

and meet time-to-market and cost objectives.

Examples:

Electromagnetic Actuators – Application Brief

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Induction Heating – Application Brief

Hall Effect Sensors – Application Brief

Power Cable Analysis – Application Brief

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Voice Coil Actuators – Application Brief

Moving-Coil Loudspeakers – Application Brief

Direct Electrical Heating – Application Brief

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Lorenz Forces in Switches and Contacts – Application Brief

Inductors – Application Brief

ELECTRONICS COOLING: ANSYS provides electronics cooling simulation products for chip,

package and board thermal analysis as well as thermo-mechanical stress analysis. ANSYS

simulation tools help you manage excessive heat that can otherwise lead to increasing leakage

and electromigration failures of the chip, as well as analyze die package, PCB and interconnect

thermal differential expansion to enhance reliability of the entire electronic system.

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ANSYS' industry leading computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions, along with chip-level

thermal integrity simulation software, provide all you need to perform electronics cooling

simulation and thermal analysis for chip-package, PCB and systems. You can also conduct

thermomechanical stress analysis and airflow analysis to select the ideal heat sink or fan

solution. Our integrated workflow enables you to conduct design trade-offs, resulting in

improved reliability and performance.

Examples:

Thermal Solutions for 3D IC, Packages and System – Technical Paper

Cooling and CPS Method to Boost Reliability

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Multiphysics Simulation of a Printed Circuit Board – Application Brief

Electrothermal Analysis of a PCB – Video Series

ELECTRIC MOTORS: ANSYS delivers a comprehensive motor design methodology that will

reduce design cost and optimize size, noise, efficiency and durability. The ANSYS motor design

solution delivers robust electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical analyses, combined with

power electronic circuit simulation and embedded software tools to analyze the complete

motor-driven system.

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Engineers who design electric machines need simulation tools that can be employed for quick,

accurate product development. By employing finite element methods early in the design

process, they can accelerate development and achieve higher machine efficiencies using less

material, which reduces costs. Furthermore, to achieve an optimal motor design demands a full

multiphysics analysis workflow. Assuming that the machine will remain in the intended

operating range can lead to poor design choices, redesign late in the development cycle or

product failure. ANSYS’ electric machine design flow provides a complete virtual prototyping

laboratory for machine design and development.

Examples:

Electronic Machine Design Methodology: A Revolutionary Approach – White Paper

Electric Drive Modeling through a Multiphysics System Simulation Approach – Application

Brief

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AC Motor Drive Using Cosimulation – Application Brief

Mutiphysics Design Flow for Electric Motors

Advanced Design of Electric Machines Using ANSYS Electric Machine Design Toolkit –

Application Brief

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ELECTRIC MOTORS

IPM Motor: Efficiency map analysis

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPM motor) is a motor that is highly efficient

and has a wide operation range, wherein this motor uses a rare earth-sintered permanent

magnet having a strong magnetic force and uses a reluctance torque that is caused by the

inductance difference of d- and q-axes, in addition to a magnet torque due to the magnetic field

and the rotating magnetic field of a magnet. Efficiency changes depending on the number of

rotations and load; therefore, in the motor design and the control design, an efficiency map

prepared so that efficiency performances can be easily grasped in a glance is often used in a

performance index as a catalog. However, IPM motor, in general, needs an extensive

calculation to change the control method (id=0 control, maximum torque control, field

weakening control, and so on) depending on the number of rotations and load, and to depict an

efficiency map, so it also takes time to organize the results.

Motor analysis support tool, Electric Machine Design Toolkit, of ANSYS Maxwell, performs in

fully automatic an efficiency map computation and speed-torque characteristic of a PM motor

and realizes significant efficiency in development time by the function of displaying an

efficiency map graph. Furthermore, this tool is also compatible with a cluster-type distributed

computer processing (*optional) and can perform a high-speed calculation of hundreds of

thousands of case studies with high scalability from efficiency map computation until graph

output.

IPM Motor

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Efficiency map of IPM motor

Compatible to both, the motor and the generator characteristics

Capable of displaying the map of various characteristics and losses

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Efficiency map display function

Efficiency Map Displayer

Various display functions

Scale change

Color tone and gradation change

Grid display

Label function

Copy to a clip board

Image file save

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High-speed torque characteristic display

Change in color tone and the number of gradations Grid display

IPM motor: System level simulation





and the rotating magnetic field of the magnet.

Conventionally, most of the control design and the equipment design of a motor adopt a

process of independently designing the components, and one of the technical challenges

adopting such process is that it is difficult to coordinate the design aiming for optimization of

the entire system.

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However, this challenge can be solved by a coupled analysis of an electromagnetic field analysis

tool ANSYS Maxwell and a control circuit system simulator ANSYS Simplorer, product of ANSYS.

There are two major types of techniques that connects an electromagnetic field analysis and a

circuit analysis, that is, a cosimulation that transiently carries out a direct coupling and a model-

based simulation that handles an equivalent model (behavioral model) generated by an

electromagnetic field analysis as one unit within the circuit analysis; however, with ANSYS

Maxwell and ANSYS Simplorer, it is possible to perform a simulation at a system level with

either technique in response to the user’s need.

With either technique, it is possible to perform a coupled simulation of control that takes into

account the space harmonic and the magnetic saturation characteristics that the motor has.

The cosimulation can take into consideration the loss phenomena such as core loss

phenomena, and so on, with high precision, while the model-based simulation has a feature

capable of a very high-speed control simulation.

Maxwell and Simplorer are both products developed by ANSYS, and the products have

strengths including a support system and compatibility of tool coordination for a coupled

analysis compared to the solution combining tools created by other companies.

Axial gap motor

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Current waveform

Torque waveform

ANSYS Simplorer (ideal motor model)

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Current waveform

Torque waveform

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Current tracking-type PWM drive of IPM motor

Direct-coupling transient analysis (cosimulation)

Current vector control drive of IPM motor

Direct-coupling transient analysis (cosimulation)

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Motor rotational speed

Current waveform

Torque waveform

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IPM MOTOR: INDUCTANCE ANALYSIS






IPM motor has an advantage in that a generated torque can be improved by using a reluctance

torque by the saliency the rotor has, at the same time as a magnet torque, and in order to

evaluate this saliency, it is important to grasp the inductance characteristics in the d- and q-

axes at the design stage.

ANSYS Maxwell motor analysis can also calculate the inductance value of the transient response

that is difficult by the inductance measurement from an induced electromotive force generally

performed. The calculations of the three-phase inductance and the d- and q-axis inductance

can be performed only by a simple operation using a standard function.

IPM motor

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Transient response of IPM motor / three-phase inductance

Transient response of IPM motor / d- and q-axis inductance

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Current characteristics of IPM motor / inductance

IPM motor / Ld, Lq map

IPM motor / Ld map

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IPM motor / Lq map

IPM motor: Basic characteristic evaluation






IPM motor adopts a model in which a magnet is embedded inside a rotor and has been devised

to be compatible with various rotor shapes. The shape needs to be selected to match with the

target specification. An efficient motor design is possible by preparing a rough design using

ANSYS RMxprt, specifying the shape, and then finalizing a detailed design using ANSYS Maxwell.

IPM motor model

Example of motor model

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Model example using ANSYS RMxprt Model example using ANSYS RMxprt

Model example using ANSYS RMxprt 2D model example using ANSYS Maxwell

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3D Model example using ANSYS Maxwell

Magnetic field display

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Mag_B (Magnetic flux density distribution) B_Vector (Magnetic flux density vector distribution)

Flux Line (Magnetic flux diagram) Magnetic field display

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Characteristic data

Cogging torque

Torque and current phase angle

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Iron loss (time change display)

IPM motor: Eddy current of permanent magnet






In a vector system that has a wide rotational speed region and uses a reluctance torque, a

current including a carrier harmonic is entered into a coil. An eddy current loss is generated

inside a magnet by a high long wave component [sic, harmonic component?].

Dividing the magnet is effective in minimizing this loss. The difference in eddy current loss by

the division of magnet can be estimated by ANSYS Maxwell.






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In a vector system that has a wide rotational speed region and uses a reluctance torque, a

current including a carrier harmonic is entered into a coil. An eddy current loss is generated

inside a magnet by a high long wave component [sic, harmonic component?].

Dividing the magnet is effective in minimizing this loss. The difference in eddy current loss by

the division of magnet can be estimated by ANSYS Maxwell.

IPM motor model

Rotor

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Eddy current distribution

Analysis results

Current vector display of the eddy current distribution

No magnet division

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With magnet division

Setting of insulating boundary conditions on the division surface

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Change in the magnet loss and the number of magnet divisions

IPM motor: Thermal demagnetization analysis






Neodymium iron-type rare earth magnets that are often used in motors using these permanent

magnets have, on the one hand, an excellent magnetic property that is called an interlinked

magnetic flux density, but on the other hand, are known to be easily demagnetized at high

temperatures.

The electromagnetic field design and the heat and structure design of a motor conventionally

adopt a process of independently designing the components, and one of the technical

challenges adopting such process is that it is difficult to coordinate the design aiming for

optimization of the entire system. However, the challenge of this multiphysics simulation can

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be solved by a coupled analysis of an electromagnetic field analysis tool ANSYS Maxwell and a

thermo-fluid analysis software ANSYS Fluent.

A design engineer can perform this analysis with ease by utilizing ANSYS Workbench platform to

tackle this analysis challenge that has been a big hurdle in the past.

ANSYS Maxwell and ANSYS Fluent are both developed by ANSYS, so both products have

strengths including a support system and compatibility of tool coordination for a coupled

analysis compared to the solution combining tools created by other companies.

Permanent magnet thermal demagnetization analysis of IPM motor (electromagnetic field -

thermal fluid analysis)

Permanent magnet demagnetization curve

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A coupled analysis of Maxwell and Fluent can be performed with ease by ANSYS Workbench

Temperature distribution

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Decreased torque due to thermal demagnetization

Permanent magnet thermal demagnetization analysis of IPM motor (Maxwell - Fluent)

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Loss distribution

Switched reluctance motor

In response to the rising prices of rare earth magnets, a switched reluctance motor (SR motor)

has garnered expectations as a motor model that does not use a permanent magnet. An SR

motor has a simple structure, is robust, and can be realized inexpensively; however, its usage

application has been limited because of very large torque variations due to nonlinear saliency

of the rotor and the stator in terms of the principle of the torque generation, and accompanied

with vibrations and noise. However, the SR motor has been reviewed as the candidate that may

solve such challenges in response to the soaring price of rare earth magnets, enabling an

optimum design by a magnetic field analysis and the improvement of the current control

technique.

SR motor may be driven by changing the switch timing depending on the rotational speed, so it

is beneficial in grasping the characteristics including the torque, current, loss, and efficiency

depending on the rotational speed.

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Inverter drive analysis and torque ripple of SR motor

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Magnetic field distribution of SR motor

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Magnetization characteristics and static characteristics of SR motor

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Vibration and eigenvalue analysis of SR motor

SPM (Surface Permanent Magnet) motor

SPM motor is a synchronous motor of rotary field type that has a shape in which magnets are

laminated on the surface of a rotating body (rotor). This is a motor optimum for control

because it has linearity having a good relation between the torque and the current.

Furthermore, it has the optimal shape for a small motor with a small output; however, a

magnetic analysis by a finite element method becomes necessary on variations in rotation

including a cogging torque. With the demands of miniaturization and high output in recent

years, the distribution of magnetic saturation needs to be precisely analyzed, so a magnetic

analysis becomes an important technique.

SPM motor model (2D/3D)

Example of SPM motor model (2D model)

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Example of SPM motor model (3D model)

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Example of creating a drive circuit by ANSYS Maxwell Circuit Editor (Maxwell standard equipment)

Magnetic field display

Mag_B (Magnetic flux density distribution)

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B_Vector (Magnetic flux density vector distribution)

Mag_H (magnetic field intensity distribution)

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Mag_B (Magnetic flux density distribution)

B_Vector (Magnetic flux density vector distribution)

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Flux Line (Magnetic flux diagram)

Mag_H (magnetic field intensity distribution)

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Jz (Z-direction current density distribution)

Characteristic data

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Analysis example by three-phase layer drive inverter of 120º energization method

Coil current (three phases)

Switching pattern

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Torque

Loss

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Three-phase induced voltage

SPM motor/cogging torque analysis

A motor that uses a permanent magnet that has an iron core can be designed as a high-output

motor of a small size; however, there is a demerit of cogging torque, and so on.

A cogging torque is influenced by the torque pulsation, adversely affecting the stability of

mechanical vibration, noise, and drive system and the reliability as a product.

However, the cogging torque is a sensitive torque, wherein an actual measurement is difficult,

and a nonlinear element is strong, so it is very beneficial in designing the utilization of an

electromagnetic field analysis capable of high-precision simulation.

ANSYS electromagnetic field analysis is an optimal analysis tool that can automatically generate

an optimal mesh by adaptive auto meshing and be used in a sensitive characteristic analysis of a

cogging torque, and so on.

SPM motor

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Difference in magnetic flux density waveform due to the differences in the magnetization

directions on the rotor surface of the motor

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Polar anisotropic magnet

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Radial anisotropic magnet

Cogging torque waveform of SPM motor due to the difference in the magnetization direction

Cogging Torque Waveform

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Flux line

Effect on the torque ripple due to the difference in the magnetization direction

At sinusoidal drive (current source drive)

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At 120º energized inverter drive (voltage source drive)

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Three-phase induction motor

Induction motors have been utilized in the past in wide fields of application from industrial

applications to household applications, wherein the motor is driven by flowing an induction

current to a secondary conductor by the rotating magnetic field of a stator winding, and the

rotor receiving the power in the rotational direction by its current and the rotating magnetic

field. The motor has a simple structure and advantages of being small in size, light in weight,

inexpensive and maintainable.

In response to the soaring price of rare earth magnets seen in recent years, research and

development have been active again for developing induction motors that are small in size and

have high output and high efficiency, targeting the needs similar to those in a permanent

magnet synchronous motor as a motor model that does not use a permanent magnet. High-

precision characteristic evaluation and comprehension using an electromagnetic field analysis

tool are beneficial in the design and development of such high-performance induction motors.

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Current and torque ripple waveforms of three-phase induction motor

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Current waveform of three-phase induction motor

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Torque ripple waveform of three-phase induction motor

Magnetic field distribution of three-phase induction motor

Magnetic flux density

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Magnetic flux diagram

Current density distribution of car conductor part of the secondary side

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Core iron loss distribution (time average)

Magnetic flux density vector

Speed – torque, output, efficiency, and power factor characteristics of a three-phase

induction motor

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Cooling design and thermal fluid analysis of a three-phase induction motor

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DC motor with brush

DC motor with a brush has windings, magnets, and commutators, can be easily driven by

connecting a DC power supply, and has a proportional relationship between the torque and the

current, thereby having high controllability. Based on such characteristics, the motor is used in

various fields, and becomes one of the motors with the most production volume.

DC motor models with brush (2D/3D)

2D model 3D model

Example of creating a drive circuit by ANSYS Maxwell Circuit Editor (Maxwell standard equipment)

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Display of various fields

Display of magnetic flux density

Display of magnetic field

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Display of current density vector

Characteristic data

Interlinkage magnetic flux

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Induced voltage

Output and efficiency characteristic graph

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T-I and T-N characteristic graph

Linear synchronous motor

A linear motor is an electric device that provides an electromagnetic force by causing a direct

and linear movement to a subject, and a structure in which a cylindrical rotary motor is

developed linearly can be considered.

The linear motor has a long history similar to that of a rotating machine. In recent years, a

direct drive becomes possible in which a thrust in any direction is given to the driven object

without contact; and in addition to the characteristics of high speed, high resolution, high

precision, and high reliability, the application of a linear motor to a positioning device is

expanding by the improvement of repeating precision of positioning and freedom of movement

by an integration with a servo control technology.

An analysis example in a coreless-type linear synchronous motor will be introduced here.

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A coreless type refers to a type of motor that does not use iron including an electromagnetic

steel sheet at the portion at which a coil is wound. This type of linear motor, in principle, does

not have a cogging torque, so it is used in devices for performing positioning at higher

precision.

Analysis model

Analysis model

Mover (three-phase coreless coil)

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Display of various fields

Magnetic flux density distribution

Magnetic flux density distribution (sectional)

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Coil current

Distribution of force applied to the coil

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Characteristic data - transient response at reciprocating motion

Current waveform

Voltage waveform

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Interlinked magnetic flux waveform

Position

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Speed

VR-type resolver

A resolver is one of the rotation angle sensors often used in a motor, and the like. Although it is

one kind of alternator, it is configured by a two-phase coil in which the winding direction of the

output is orthogonal, wherein generated voltages of sinφ and cosφ are detected in proportion

to the rotation angle to obtain a rotation angle as a digital value by an A/D converter, or the

like. It has a simple configuration as compared with that of a rotary encoder, which makes it

suitable to be used in adverse environments; however, it has disadvantages such as

complicated signal processing circuit and inferior detection accuracy to the encoder.

By combining the electromagnetic field analysis and the circuit analysis of ANSYS, it is possible

to perform a system simulation including not only the electromagnetic design of the resolver

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body but also the drive encoder and cables, allowing high-precision and optimal cooperative

design of the whole system.

VR-type resolver

Electromagnetic field analysis model of cable

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System simulation of a rotor position detection using an electromagnetic field analysis model

of cable and resolver

Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)

This is an essential technical element to optimize power generation efficiency with respect to

the wind speed that fluctuates from time to time during a variable speed operation in wind

power generation using large wind turbines. A doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is

generally adopted in a wind turbine generator using a large windmill.

By combining the electromagnetic field analysis and the circuit analysis of ANSYS, system

simulation including an inverter not only for the electromagnetic design of a generator is

possible, allowing high-precision and optimal cooperative design of the whole system.

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DFIG

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Control system simulation for a system operation of a wind-power generation using an

electromagnetic field analysis of DFIG

Synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM)

In response to the soaring price of rare earth magnets, a synchronous reluctance motor

(SynRM) has attracted attention as a type of motor that does not use a permanent magnet.

SynRM is robust and has a simple structure and can be realized inexpensively. However,

because the principle of torque generation is due to only a reluctance torque by the

magnetizing force of the coil and the saliency of the rotor, in order to increase the torque

density, it largely depends on the nonlinear magnetization characteristics and the shape

structure of the core, and it is not the type of motor typically used up to date. However, SynRM

has been reviewed as the candidate that can possibly reduce such problems in response to the

soaring price of rare earth magnets, enabling an optimal design by magnetic field analysis and

the improvement of the current control technique.

SynRM operates using a nonlinear region of an electromagnetic steel sheet, therefore showing

a nonlinear behavior due to magnetic saturation not only with respect to the rotor position but

also to the inductance. This also causes the current waveform to become easily distorted.

However, it is impossible to obtain a precise prediction with high accuracy using a calculation

method along a linear theory formula. An electromagnetic field analysis by a finite element

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method is beneficial because it can handle a transient current, detailed motor shapes, and

nonlinear magnetization characteristics of materials.

Synchronous reluctance motor

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Transient response output waveform

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Current phase angle - torque characteristics of SynRM

Changes in torque and saliency ratio from the improvement in the rotor shape of SynRM

Before Improvement

After Improvement

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Beta ＝ 45 deg Toruqe Ld/ Lq ratio

Before Improvement 1.38 Nm 1.92

After Improvement 1.66 Nm 2.34

Improvement Effect + 20.2 % + 21.8 %

Single phase induction motor

Induction motors have been utilized in the past in wide fields of application from industrial

applications to household applications, wherein the motor is driven by flowing an induction

current to a secondary conductor by the rotating magnetic field of a stator winding, and the

rotor receiving the power in the rotational direction by its current and the rotating magnetic

field. It has advantages such as a simple structure, small in size, light in weight, inexpensive, and

maintainable.

A single-phase induction motor is widely used in fans with small output, ceiling fans, and so on,

because it can be easily driven by a single-phase AC power source for ordinary households.

Single phase induction motor

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Magnetic field distribution of a single-phase induction motor

Magnetic flux density

Magnetic flux diagram

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Current density distribution of car conductor part of the secondary side

Magnetic flux density vector

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Speed – torque, output, efficiency, and power factor characteristics of a single-phase

induction motor

Universal motor

A universal motor is a motor that can be operated irrespective of whether the power supply is a

DC or AC, has a simple structure and robustness that enables a high-speed rotation. It is used in

home appliances and industrial tools up to date.

Universal motor

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Magnetic field distribution of a universal motor

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T-N and T-I of a universal motor

Speed – torque, output, efficiency, and power factor characteristics of a universal motor

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Salient-pole synchronous generator

Salient pole synchronous generator is often used in large generators in power plants. The

power is generated by the electromagnetic induction of a stator coil by providing a field current

to the coil of a rotor and rotating the rotor.

Because in a salient pole synchronous generator, any power factor can be obtained by adjusting

the field current depending on the load and the power factor of the load connected, V-curve

characteristics showing a relationship between the armature current and the field current are

investigated.

Salient-pole synchronous generator

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Magnetic field analysis of a salient pole synchronous generator

Magnetic flux density distribution (at load) Induced voltage waveform (at no load)

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V- curve characteristics of a synchronous generator

Claw-pole generator

A claw pole generator is used as an alternator in vehicles. Each rotor pole has a structure of

overlapping claws, so it is called a claw pole. Generators of this claw pole type

are increasingly utilized as motors for stators in recent years, and a magnetic analysis is used to

analyze the shape for fulfilling the characteristics of both the generator and the motor.

Claw-pole generator

Example of model preparation by ANSYS Maxwell 3D

Cross section

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Overall Picture

Example of model preparation by ANSYS RMxprt

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Magnetic flux density distribution (at no load)

Characteristic waveform

Induced voltage waveform (no load)

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Axial gap motor

An axial gap motor is a motor that has a configuration in which the stator is located opposite to

the rotor arranged in a disc shape. Therefore, this motor is suitable in small and thin size and at

high torque. However, the magnetic flux is flowing in the axial direction, so a magnetic analysis

by a 3D model is required for a precise design.

Axial gap motor

Example of model preparation by ANSYS Maxwell 3D

Example of model preparation by ANSYS RMxprt

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Magnetic flux density distribution (at no load)

Characteristic waveform

Torque

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Interlinkage magnetic flux density

Phase current

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Electromagnetic field - vibration and noise analysis

In many electric devices, in addition to motors, the problems of vibration and noise caused by

an electromagnetic force have challenged design engineers for a long time.

Conventionally, most of the electromagnetic field design and the structure design adopt a

process of independently designing the components, and one of the technical challenges

adopting such process is that it is difficult to coordinate the design aiming for optimization of

the entire system. However, the challenge of this multiphysics simulation can be solved by a

coupled analysis using an electromagnetic field analysis tool ANSYS Maxwell and a structural

analysis software ANSYS Mechanical, product of ANSYS.

With the new function installed in the new version ANSYS R15.0, the electromagnetic force data

of time response obtained from a transient response analysis (time response analysis) using the

electromagnetic field analysis tool ANSYS Maxwell are subjected to FFT conversion and [the

analysis] is continued to be performed until mapping to the frequency response analysis of the

structural analysis. By utilizing a platform called ANSYS Workbench, a design engineer can

perform this analysis with ease, even with respect to these analysis challenges that have

become a hurdle in the past such as time response in the electromagnetic field and frequency

response in the structure analysis.

Furthermore, by utilizing the ANSYS ACT Extension function, it is possible to analyze noises and

the sound pressure field to the surroundings in the structure analysis.

ANSYS Maxwell and ANSYS Mechanical are both products developed by ANSYS, and the

products have strengths including a support system and compatibility of tool coordination for a

coupled analysis compared to the solution combining tools created by other companies.

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ANSYS Workbench makes it possible for a coupled analysis using Maxwell and Mechanical with

ease.

Vibration and noise analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor (electromagnetic field

- structure analysis)

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ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE/COMPATIBILITY

ANSYS electromagnetic and circuit technologies empower engineers to mitigate potential EMI

issues early in the design cycle. Automated workflows in ANSYS Electronics Desktop leverage

easy mechanical CAD (MCAD) and electrical CAD (ECAD) system assemblies to simulate

complete electrical devices, increase their immunity and meet EMC standards using a single

simulation platform.

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ANSYS Electronics Desktop enables engineers to easily combine the unmatched accuracy of

ANSYS electromagnetic 3D and 2.5D field solvers and the powerful circuit- and system-level

solutions in ANSYS RF Option to diagnose, isolate and eliminate EMI and radio-frequency issues

(RFI) early in the design cycle. Users can take advantage of the seamless workflow in Electronics

Desktop, which includes advanced electromagnetic field solvers, and dynamically link them to

power circuit simulators to predict EMI/EMC performance of electrical devices. These

integrated workflows avoid repetitive design iterations and costly recurrent EMC certification

tests. Multiple EM solvers intended to address diverse electromagnetic problems, as well as the

circuit simulators in Electronics Desktop, help engineers assess the overall performance of their

electrical devices and create interference-free designs. These diverse problems range from

radiated and conducted emissions, susceptibility, crosstalk, RF desense, RF coexistence, cosite,

electrostatic discharge, electric fast transients (EFT), burst, lightning strike effects, high intensity

fields (HIRF), radiation hazards (RADHAZ), electromagnetic environmental effects (EEE),

electromagnetic pulse (EMP) to shielding effectiveness and other EMC applications.

For ECAD system assemblies, engineers can utilize automatic and customizable EMI design rule

checkers on printed circuit boards (PCBs) as preparatory steps to quickly identify potential

interference problems prior to running simulations. Included in ANSYS HFSS and ANSYS SIwave,

the EMI Scanner identifies potential locations in a PCB requiring further inspection and offers

recommendations to remediate these problems. Consequently, simulation runtimes are

considerably reduced.

ANSYS offers a cohesive solution to eliminate EMI and RFI issues and meet stringent EMI/EMC

standards — a critical step for bringing an electronic/electrical product to market. These

simulations from ANSYS lead to substantial savings on expensive EMI/EMC testing and avoid

delays in product launch.

Features:

Industry-leading 3D static and full wave solvers

Comprehensive circuit simulation tool for EMC analysis

Powerful hybrid solvers for electrically large models

Geometry-based EMC, SI and PI rule checking

Ability to easily merge ECAD and MCAD models for EMC simulations

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Example:

Beamforming EMI Effects on a DDR4 Bus of a 5G Smartphone

POWER ELECTRONICS

From electric drives to power supplies and robotic systems, ANSYS is the choice for power

electronics designers worldwide. With ANSYS power electronics design solutions, you can

achieve first-pass system success and deliver efficient, optimized designs in less time and with

less cost.

As microprocessors gain speed and reliability, more electronic controls and electrical content

are being applied to traditional mechanical and hydraulic processes. Power electronic and

mechatronic systems are increasing operational efficiency and delivering advanced automation

features through a blend of mechanical, electronics and embedded software components.

Aircraft, automobiles, defense systems, machine tools, home appliances, toys and many other

products are based on power electronic and mechatronic systems.

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Examples

Electrical Drive Modeling – Application Brief

AC Motor Drive Using Cosimulation – Application Brief

Designing Wireless Power Supply Systems – Article

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Robotic Arm System – Application Brief

Modeling of Three-Phase Synchronous Machines – Application Brief

RADAR CROSS SECTION (RCS)

Model the radar signatures of electrically very large targets and scenes with the powerful HFSS

SBR+ solver. Engineers can easily perform fast radar cross section (RCS) calculations to detect

objects such as aircrafts, vehicles and ships, as well as design these objects to minimize radar

detection.

Radar Cross Section (RCS) and Scattering

With the integration of HFSS SBR+, ANSYS HFSS is empowered with new capability to model

radar signatures of electrically very large targets and scenes. Shooting and bouncing rays (SBR)

is a ray-tracing technique based on Physical Optics (PO), which has been extended to multi-

bounce interactions through Geometric Optics (GO) ray tracing. HFSS SBR+ is suitable for

efficiently solving electromagnetic problems that are hundreds and thousands of wavelengths

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in size. The integration of HFSS SBR+ to the available high-frequency EM solver technologies in

ANSYS Electronics Desktop allows radar designers to apply the best simulation technologies for

predicting radar signatures of structures ranging from sub-wavelengths to kilo-wavelengths.

HFSS SBR+ is ideal for the design of collision detection and avoidance systems and stealth

technology.

Powered by advanced, edge diffraction physics from the PTD and UTD frameworks, HFSS SBR+

provides accurate and efficient large-scale electromagnetic modeling for structures containing

metals and dielectrics, as well as structures with dielectric losses, multi-layer dielectrics and

absorbing materials. ANSYS now provides a single framework for all high-frequency EM solvers

to facilitate a smooth and unified workflow, for solving these complex electromagnetic

problems. Additionally, for radar signature analyses, HFSS SBR+ features monostatic and bi-

static RCS modeling capabilities with the implementation of plane wave excitations.

Features:

Industry-leading shooting and bouncing ray (SBR+) technology with advanced diffraction

physics

Highly efficient analyses of large targets

Modern, easy-to-use interface that incorporates model pre-processing, simulation and

results post-processing

Accelerated processing with high-performance computing options (can be scaled

efficiently on multiple CPU cores and leverages NVIDIA GPUs)

Ability to import realistic CAD models of large aircraft, ships, missiles and ground

vehicles

Integrated within ANSYS Electronics Desktop for comprehensive multiphysics simulation

Continuous development and support

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Bi-static RCS of a ship (104.6m x 16m x 18.5m) solved at 1 GHz in ANSYS Electronics Desktop.

Angle of incident plane wave is at 45 degrees elevation, and 45 degrees off the bow.

RF DESENSE

Radio frequency desensitization (RF desense) is a form of RF interference (RFI) that results in

reduced performance, or “desensitization,” of wireless systems that are integrated into

electronic devices. Combining ANSYS HFSS with EMIT, a capability within ANSYS RF Option, can

identify and eliminate desense in wireless electronic products.

RF defense is a critical design challenge faced by engineers creating wireless products. Due to

miniaturization, faster digital signals, multiple wireless systems and radios operating

simultaneously within a small footprint, the sensitivity of receivers is compromised significantly.

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These trends in the industry are causing engineers to demand a robust solution for RF desense.

ANSYS HFSS and EMIT can help engineers diagnose and mitigate problems of RF desense in

wireless electronic devices across a broad range of industries. These advanced simulation tools

can analyze large, complex electronic devices with a multitude of signals and receivers, allowing

you to run what-if scenarios and eliminate desense.

EMIT’s powerful system-level RF analysis tool lets you start with behavioral radio models from

the built-in library and continuously enhance the model as better data becomes available

during the design. EMIT’s advanced visualization and automated diagnostic capabilities help

you identify and investigate all the sources of interference and study their effects on the victim

receivers at various levels of granularity.

Features:

With ANSYS HFSS and SBR+ you can:

RF system solver optimized for fast solution involving tens of millions of potential radio

frequency interference (RFI) paths.

Built-in standards-based radio library and RF components.

Wideband models and analysis to include in-band and out-of-band interference,

including nonlinear phenomena such as intermodulation, harmonics, spurious responses

and broadband noise.

Detailed visualization and diagnostic tools for a complete picture of the sources of

interference and how to mitigate them.

Scenario matrix for rapid, high-level visualization of problematic RFI issues.

Signal traceback in interaction diagrams for detailed graphical information identifying

the root-cause of the RFI.

Wideband plots of received interference power with pointers identifying each

contributor and its root-cause.

Early simulation in the design of wireless devices to catch, diagnose and mitigate RFI

issues.

https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-hfss

https://www.ansys.com/-/media/ansys/corporate/resourcelibrary/brochure/ansys-emit.pdf?la=en&hash=F9690A238F06065A8D2E1514FAEB7997A21F5B3F

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Figure 1 EMIT’s scenario matrix, interaction diagram and plots flagging sources of interference on a 5G-capable smartphone.

Figure 2 E-Field plot in HFSS showing reduced coupling to the antenna on an improved IoT board.

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ANTENNAS:

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ANSYS high-frequency electromagnetics design software enables you to design, simulate and validate the performance of antennas and RF and microwave components. The integrated microwave circuit and system modeling capabilities have direct integration to our EM solvers delivering a platform for full-system verification of next-generation RF and microwave designs.

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Documents

ANSYS ELECTROMAGAGNETIC Update in 2020 R1ANSYS Maxwell enables harmonic force coupling, enhancing the accuracy of the electromagnetic and vibroacoustic design of electric vehicle powertrains,