Annual Meeting of the International Network on Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage 

Joint Workshop on Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage and Water Safety Plans, Facilitated By  WHO and  UNICEF Hosted by CSIR‐NEERI

Integration of HWTS to  Nation Wide  WASH/WSPs in Ethiopia

1. Abdulmejid Seman , Ministry of Health  2. Belay Siyoum, Ministry of Water , Energy  and Irrigation 3. Waltaji Terfa, WHO Ethiopia

CSIR‐National Environmental Engineering Research Institute,

Nagpur, India,  14‐16 November 2013

Out line of Presentation• Introduction 

– Country Profile – Water  and Sanitation in the country– Disease related  to Water  and Sanitation 

• HWTS and WSP  integration to Nation Wide WASH  Porgramme– Enabling Environment– Current implementation Status – Challenges– Conclusion 

• Way forward 

Introduction.. Country Profile 

• Situated in the Horn of Africa. – latitude 3o ‐ 15o North and longitude 30o ‐ 48o East.– It has a total area of 1.13million sq.km

• Population (2007) ~ 74million, currently estimated 85 million – Urban 16% (increasing trend)– Rural 84% (decreasing trend)– Population growth rate: 2.6%

• Topography elevations range from 125 m ‐ 4620 m • Temp about 40 oC in the low lands &  around 0 oC in the high 

land/night 

Introduction.. Country Profile …

Water availability • 12 river basins,

• about 14 major lakes,• and some man made reservoirs.

• Water resource potential:SW: 123 billion cubic meter

GW: Under Assessment,

Introduction.. Water  and Sanitation in the country

National WASH Inventory, 2010 WHO/UNICEF, JMP 2013 Update 

Sanitation Coverage Improved + Shared = 33%Unimproved                22%OD                               45%

WHO/UNICEF, JMP 2013 Update

Water Supply Coverage 67% 

Based on the NWI Estimate for  2012

Introduction.. Disease related  to Water Sanitation 

• 60‐80% communicable disease in the country includingthe top ten diseases are related to water and sanitationincluding contamination of water at household(watercollected from improved source often contaminated athousehold)

• Sporadic disease outbreak related water & Sanitation

• The 2005/2006 Rapid Assessment of Drinking WaterQuality(RADWQ) WHO/UNICEF, most of the improvedsource exposed to risk factors

Question for the sanitary inspection Risk frequency

Is the collection /spring box absent of faulty? 38.3%Is the masonry protecting the spring absent or faulty? 33.9%Is the backfill are behind the retaining wall absent or eroded? 34.8%Does spilt water flood the collection area? 47.2%is the fence absent or faulty? 76.6%Can animals have access within 10m of the spring? 94.6%Is there latrine uphill and /or within 30 m of the spring? 9.5%Does surface water collect uphill of the spring? 18.0%Is the diversion ditch above the spring absent or non-

functional?87.0%

Are there any other source of pollution uphill of the spring(e.gsolid waste)?

26.9%

Source : WHO/ UNICEF RADWQ. 2005/2006

Enabling Environment

MoUWASHMoH,  

MOWEI, MoE, MoFED

Water PolicyHealth policy     HSDPVI

9

S.N

Indicators Baseyear 2010

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Remark/Baseline

3 HWTSS 8% 21.8% 35.6% 49.4% 63.2% 77% HSDP IV

4 ODF villages 15% 28% 41% 54% 67% 80% HSDP IV

5 Hand washing with soap at critical times

7% 21% 35% 49% 63% 77% HSDP IV

What are the Enabling Environment for integrated household Health/ Environmental health Interventions in Ethiopia ?

Characteristic Households Population

Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total

Boiled 3.8 2.4 2.7 4.0 2.2 2.6

Bleach/Chlorine added 9.2 4.9 5.8 9.3 4.9 5.7

Strained through cloth 0.6 1.4 1.2 0.5 1.5 1.3

Bio-sand, composite, ceramic pot filter

0.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2

Let it stand and settle 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2

Other 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.2

No treatment 86.9 91.1 90.2 86.3 91.1 90.2

% using an appropriate treatment method

12.3 8.2 9.1 12.9 8.3 9.1

HWTSS Status and Water Treatment Prior to Drinking, EDHS 2011

10

Current implementation Status of HWTS

Example Distribution 11

PSI Ethiopia Dec 2012

Tulip Filter 14, 000 with in 3 months by

Catholic Relief Service Ethiopia WHO is advising

currently to do the evaluation test on utilization among

the community received filter

Bishangari Aquatabs Bio sand filter Straw filter

currently target distribution 8000

Health Post 20,000 Sachets of Aquatab, 60,000 sachets of Bishangari for Deghabour. Distributed by UNICEF 2012

page 12

HWTS in Response to AWD Outbreak 2006-2010 in Ethiopia

14

Advocacy and Capacity building workshop on WHO Schemes for Evaluating HWT Technology Options 8-10 Feb 2013, Ethiopia

WSP in Ethiopia • WSP was introduced Nov 2012 during the National Multi‐Stakeholder

forum(MSF) of WASH( Chaired by State Minister of Water and Energy

• Five Undertaking of MSF WASH 2012 were WSP was one of them

• Buy in of WSP by Government, donors and NGOs(NCA water programme,Finland Government Support CMB WASH, German Agro Action, Help forDrop of Water, Local NOG)

• Training of Water and Health professionals since January 2013 over 350people trained

• Four pilot project of small community water supply WSP(Tigray and Ormia)

• Small community Water supply WSP Manual translation (Oromifa & Tigreigna)

WSP in EthiopiaRisk identifcation during the training Source  to HH 

the spring head area showing exposed for runoff and seepage of wastes

17 |

Integrating HWTS to WSP/ Incremental Drinking Water Quality Improvement

Drinking Water Quality Ladder

Integrating HWTS to WSP/ Incremental Drinking Water Quality Improvement

Drinking Water Quality Ladder

Unimproved source Surface waterTraditional well and others + HWTS

Upgraded/ improved family well WSP

+ HWTS

Other Improved WSP+HWTS

Improved with conventional Treatment WSP+ Safe Storage and handling

Adopted from Clasen T. Presentations on HWTS

Integrating HWTS  to WSP/ Incremental Drinking Water Quality Improvement 

WSP is Instrumental  from catchment  to point of use  for Drinking Water Quality Imporvemt

WSP respond to O& M 

challenge  of  water supply 

systemNone 

functionality 

Addressing HWTS as part of WSP 

specially for small community water 

SupplyHWT Options compliment 

Behavior  gaps 

Addressing EnvironemtalSafe gurdincluding 

Climate risks

Challenges• Water quality monitoring/safety management is constrained by lack of resources

& knowledge gaps from national down to schemes level. WSP implementationcapacity gaps(knowledge among the water and health sector , resource &competing priority )

• Community involvement for water quality/ safety in terms of risk factoridentification and mitigation is very low

• Ad hoc water quality surveillance in most case following outbreak event

• In general systematic & comprehensive water quality/safety management includingHWTS is not strong.

• Market/ business involved in HWT options

• Conflict of interest on HWT between private sector and water producer

• HWT options expired/packing materials disposal mechanism

• HWT option evaluation schemes implementation at country level capacity

Conclusion  and Way For ward • HWTS can be  integrated to WSP and existing water supply management 

– HWTS as part of supply chain for  small community water supply & self supply – HWTS options  Household /Community level

• availability, affordability, acceptability and sustainability of the alternative technology

• HWTS as part of  any micro finance scheme  for operation and maintenance of  small community water supply and self supply   

• Do we have  home for HWTS  & WSP  in Ethiopia ? Yes, so implementation  can be integrated through existing 

– UA II, Water supply & SAP Sanitation and Hygiene/ CLTSH– OWNP– High interest from the private sector in HWTS and active engagement in the promotional 

activities including supply – Demand  from community  to use HWT and appreciate  Water Quality issue – Many NGOs implementing HWTS t through integration to HIV/ AIDs, emergency WASH

Lessons: Climate resilient  WASH project Planning  WSP and HWTS considered at out put level in integrated manner (WHO/DFID Supported Project 2013‐2016, Ethiopia )

Conclusion  and Way For ward 

• Current  work on WSP• WSP Strategy frame work development come in early 2014

• Translation 3 WSP document in to National language with inclusion of Climate( WSP Road Map, Community WSP manual and WSP Manual

How we can   do WSP from the conventional way differently  for small community water supply including self supply/ 

family wellThis intative  has  been taken by  Arto Suominen, CTA, 

COWASH, Ethiopia

Acknowledgement 

• Arto Suominen, CTA, COWASH, Ethiopia• Getachew Belaineh, WASH Consultant• Hermella Wondimu, HfDW, president  • Abiy  Girma, National WASH Coordination office 

• Tom Clasen, Emro University 

Thank You!!

Photo, PSI Ethiopia