AnInteractionofAnionic-andCationic-RichMixedSurfactantsin ......Anton Paar DSA 5000M density meter was used for measurementsoftheirdensities(ρ)andsoundvelocity(u) datawith±5·10

Research ArticleAnInteractionofAnionic- andCationic-RichMixedSurfactants inAqueous Medium through Physicochemical Properties at ThreeDifferent Temperatures

K M Sachin1 Sameer A Karpe1 Man Singh1 and Ajaya Bhattarai 12

1School of Chemical Sciences Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar India2Department of Chemistry MMAMC Tribhuvan University Biratnagar 56613 Nepal

Correspondence should be addressed to Ajaya Bhattarai bkajayayahoocom

Received 5 April 2018 Revised 19 August 2018 Accepted 2 September 2018 Published 2 December 2018

Academic Editor Tomokazu Yoshimura

Copyright copy 2018 K M Sachin et al is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited

emixedmicellization of aqueous binarymixtures ofDTAB-rich and SDS-rich surfactants comprising sodiumdodecyl sulfate (SDS)and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) is studied in aqueous solution by using the physicochemical properties (PCPs) atthree different temperatures (T 29315 29815 and 30315K) and P 01 MPa e DTAB concentration is varied from 00001 to003MmolmiddotLminus1 in the sim001MmolmiddotLminus1 SDS solution while the concentration of SDS is varied from 0001 to 0015MmolmiddotLminus1 in thesim0005MmolmiddotLminus1 DTAB e stable formulations have been obtained by employing the DTAB-rich and SDS-rich surfactantssolutions in 3 1 ratio erefore different phases and aggregated states formed in the ternary combinations of DTABSDSH2O havebeen identified and described e calculated PCPs have been utilized for determining the nature of the solute-solvent interaction(SLS0I) With increasing surfactants concentration the polarisation of the solution also increases along with an increase in relativeviscosity (ηr) viscous relaxation time (τ) and surface excess concentration (Γmax) However the surface area of the molecule (Amin)hydrodynamic volume (Vh) and hydrodynamic radius (Rh) decrease along with an increase in surfactants concentration

1 Introduction

e role of mixed surfactants is very crucial in our daily lifeIt has widespread applications in the various households andindustrial processes such as usages in the chemical purifi-cation targeted drug delivery synthesis of advancednanomaterials [1ndash4] cosmetics wastewater treatment foodindustries detergency and oil recovery enhancement [5ndash8]

With the advantages of high biodegradability greatersurface activity high biocompatibility and application invarious separation techniques utilization in drug formu-lation and related biomedical applications makes the studiesof the mixed surfactant system inevitable [9] Due to theopposite charge the surfactant induces several remarkableproperties However cationic and anionic mixed surfactantsin an aqueous medium show numerous noble features thatarise from the strong electrostatic interactions between theoppositely charged head groups [10] It has been alreadyreported that several types of the binary surfactant systems

cationic and anionic show the strongest synergisms in theformation of mixed micelle and surface tension reduction ofthe solution [11]

e PCPs of surfactants such as critical micellar con-centration (CMC) the degree of ionization and thermody-namics of micellization depend on the nature of thehydrophobic tail hydrophilic head group and the counterionspecies [12] Mixed surfactants are also used in a personalcleaning product laundry aids shampoo fabric softeners andsolubilizers for water-insoluble or sparingly soluble bio-inspired molecules like polyphenolic compound ionic liquidand anticorrosive agents for steel and plastics and used asa catalyst for some industrially significant reactions flotationcollectors for mineral ores and leveling agents for improvingthe dyeing processes [13ndash17] Because it has an amphiphilicnature the study of the interaction of mixed surfactants in anaqueous medium helps to decode functional and diverseinformation about the system and assist in harnessing theirpotential in technical applications [18ndash20]

HindawiJournal of ChemistryVolume 2018 Article ID 4594062 17 pageshttpsdoiorg10115520184594062

Hence the ternary system (DTABSDSH2O) can dem-onstrate arrays of self-assembled microstructures viz mi-celles vesicles planar bilayers and bicontinuous structuresEarlier studies have been focused mostly on two critical factswhich influence the interaction activities (a) the type ofthe interactions involved during the formation of the micelles(b) and the resultant structure of the formed aggregates [21]e SDS and DTAB surfactants (Figure 1) actively interactwith each other due to opposite charge species Howeverabove the CMC surfactants form aggregates into the micelle[22] Maiti et al [23] have been investigated on oppositelycharged single-tailed surfactants that could associate throughelectrostatic ion-dipole and van der Waals force attractionunder specific conditions us the various aggregated mi-crostructures (micelles vesicles and lamellar phases) ofcatanionic surfactants have attracted the attention of re-searchers for their multifaceted potential application in thefield of drug delivery and nanoparticle synthesis e struc-ture of the surfactants plays an essential role in their ag-gregation behavior e critical packing parameters infer thetype of possible assemblies in the solution Due to thesepotentials the mixed surfactants solution has remarkableproperties such as lower surface tension with higher surfaceactivities and critical aggregation concentrations (CACs)which are essential for detergency and pharmaceutical ap-plications [24 25] e cationic surfactants can form manysupramolecular structures at the specific mole ratios andconcentrations they have formed a remarkable micellesstructure [26 27] and vesicles [28 29] Bakshi et al studiedsingle and mixed micellization of surfactants by using con-ductivity turbidity and NMR measurements [30 31]erefore anionic and cationic mixed surfactants can forma numerous type of aggregated microstructures like lamellarphases vesicles spheres precipitates and rod shape struc-tures [32 33] Moreover mixing of surfactants is also used indrug formulation lowering the Krafft temperature and withincreasing the cloud point [34] and some studies have beenreported on the electrical conductance of cationic and anionicmixed surfactants [35] Recently many researchers have beenfocused on the aggregation and micelles formation process inthe aqueous and mixed solvent system [36 37] Earlier re-searchers have been focused mostly on spectroscopic andthermodynamic studies of single and mixed surfactantsthrough UV-visible CMC CAC entropy enthalpy Gibbsfree energy micelle ionization degree Krafft temperaturedissociation constant and the pre-slope and post-slope valuesof single and mixed surfactants in an aqueous medium andmixed solvent system at different temperatures [38ndash45]

ere is a little work on PCPs of SDS-rich and DTAB-rich mixed surfactants in an aqueous medium at T 2931529815 and 30315K [46] In this research article we arestudying the various PCPs which include relative viscosityviscous relaxation time acoustic impedance hydrodynamicvolume hydrodynamic radius intrinsic viscosity fricco-hesity shift coefficient surface excess concentration andarea of a molecule of the SDS-rich and DTAB-rich mixedsurfactants in an aqueous medium at three different tem-peratures (T 29315 29815 and 30315K) at 01MPa istype of study on the mixed surfactant system could assist in

harnessing their potential in the household and industrialapplications

2 Materials and Methods

21 Materials All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and their details are given in Table 1 Dodecyl-trimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfatesurfactants were stored in the P2O5-filled vacuum desiccatordue to their hygroscopic nature

22 Solution Preparation All solutions water + SDS (aq-SDS) and water +DTAB (aq-DTAB) were prepared sepa-rately by dissolving 0005MmolmiddotLminus1 and 001MmolmiddotLminus1 ofDTAB and SDS surfactants separately into Milli-Q water andused as a stock solution e 0005MmolmiddotLminus1 DTAB and001MmolmiddotLminus1 SDS solutions were used as a solvent for0000096 to 0012MmolmiddotLminus1SDS and 0000864 to000504MmolmiddotLminus1 DTAB respectively ese solutions werekept for sim10min sonication at 30MHz for better homoge-nization All solutions were prepared at the temperature29815K and pressure 01MPa using Milli-Q water at pH 7and conductivity 071 μSmiddotcmminus1 For weighing Mettler ToledoNewClassic MS was used with ltplusmn01middot10minus6 kg repeatability Toavoid evaporation and contamination all solutions were keptin an airtight volumetric flask at the temperature of 29815K

Anton Paar DSA 5000M density meter was used formeasurements of their densities (ρ) and sound velocity (u)data with plusmn5middot10minus6 gmiddotcmminus3 uncertainty and the temperaturewas controlled by a built-in Peltier (PT100) device withplusmn110minus3 K accuracy Repeatability of the instrument corre-sponds to precision in ρ and u data with 110minus3 kgmiddotmminus3 and010mmiddotsminus1 respectively

e instrument was calibrated with Milli-Q water atthe temperature of 29815K while aq-NaCl (1Mmolmiddotkgminus1)and 10 aq-DMSO were also used to check the perfor-mance of the instrument and the values were in agreementwith the literature within the experimental uncertainties(Table S1) [47 48] Reported densities were an average of threerepeated measurements with plusmn310minus6 gmiddotcmminus3 repeatabilityThe ρ and u at 3MHz frequency of uncertainties wereplusmn5times10minus3 kgm3 and plusmn05mmiddotsminus1 respectively All experimentswere carried out at the three different temperatures(T 29315 29815 and 30315K) with plusmn001K accuracy [49]Sound velocity work based on oscillation periods of quartzU-tube with air solvent and solutions [50] After eachmeasurement the tube was cleaned with acetone and dried bypassing dried through the U-tube by using an air pump Aprocess of drying continued till a constant oscillation periodfor air was obtained and noted as an initial calibrationViscosity surface tension and friccohesity data were mea-sured by Borosil Mansingh Survismeter [51] (Cal no06070582101C-0395 NPL India) through viscous flow time(VFT) and pendant drop number (PDN) methods re-spectively Lauda Alpha RA 8 thermostat was used for con-trolling the temperature with plusmn005K accuracy Afterattaining a thermal equilibrium the VFT was recorded byusing an electronic timer withplusmn001 s accuracy while the PDNcounted with an electronic counter e Survismeter was

2 Journal of Chemistry

washed with Milli-Q water followed by acetone and abso-lutely dried before measurements and 5 10 15 and 20(ww) aq-DMSO (AR grade Rankem) solutions were used tocheck the performance of the Survismeter and the values arein obedience to that of the literature values given in Table S2(supplementary material) [48 52 53] e reported surfacetension and viscosities are an average of three repeatedmeasurements with plusmn2times10minus6 kgmiddotmminus1middotsminus1 and plusmn003mNmiddotmminus1uncertainties respectively

3 Results and Discussion

31 Viscometric Study Viscosity (η) values of SDS-rich andDTAB-rich mixed surfactants were measured at the threedifferent temperatures (T 29315 29815 and 30315K) and at01MPa and the same data are summarized in Table 2 Vis-cosity is a flowing transporting property of the liquid mixtureand it is affected by molecular orientation and the nature ofinteraction ability of the solute and solvent interaction Andviscosity also gives the information about the interaction af-finity of ionic species with the solvent system [54] Table 2shows that the aq-DTAB shows a higher η value than aq-SDS(Table S3) It indicates that the DTAB and SDS have the samehydrophobic part except by only the head part (hydrophilicpart) Due to the addition of DTAB into the aqueous systemthe hydrophobic portion could be disrupted by the hydrogenbonding (HB) of the solvent system Probably it could alsorepel the solvent molecules to the surface site

It could induce the weak CF with decreases in the surfacetension (c) value DTAB has threemethyl (-CH3) groups in itshead part which could also be developed by higher hydro-phobicity with stronger hydrophobic interaction the c valuedecreases with an increase in the η value Generally sur-factants have a structure-breaking nature tendency of thesolvent molecules which is present at the surface and strongelectrostatic interaction with an increase in the η value Onincreasing the concentration of surfactants the η value in-creases with stronger IMF SDS shows weaker hydrophobicitythan DTAB because SDS has oxygen atoms in its head partSo it could show weak hydrophobic interaction and the η

values decreaseus the aq-DTAB shows the highest η valuewith stronger van der Waals interactions and inducingstronger IMI affinities with solvent molecules So the DTABshows lower c values as the aq-DTAB could induce muchsolvent engagement Addition of DTAB into the aq-SDSsolution could form micelles at the air-liquid interfaces(ALIs) is study could be used for the preparation of drugformulation in the aqueous medium

Table 2 shows increasing SDS and DTAB concentrationdue to stronger hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions(HbHbI) stronger London dispersive force (LDF) andintermolecular force (IMF) then the viscosity is increasedWith increasing surfactants concentration the population ofthe surface charges is increased in the solution which couldbe induced by stronger interaction e viscosity inferslinkages of DTAB-rich and SDS-rich with a solvent systemto determine fluid dynamics within the capillary with uni-form water supply contrary to static data like density With

Table 2 Relative viscosity (ηr) of SDS-rich and DTAB-rich sur-factants in the aqueous medium at the three different temperaturesT 29315 29815 and 30315K and at 01MPa

M (molmiddotLminus1) 29315K 29815K 30315KSDS-rich

0005000 10245 10828 062810000096 14596 09800 277040000240 13026 10026 116310000480 17872 09961 195150000672 12815 08303 134480000792 10601 12297 120730000960 11046 10402 079810006011 10234 11561 076980007200 12651 11661 080530007920 13315 14613 084150009000 12510 14196 077960010800 13326 11678 134170012000 12202 24387 08836

DTAB-rich0010000 10858 04814 119780000864 24619 16787 070130000960 28325 22650 075510001536 28749 18171 077180002016 28246 28142 072880002496 36614 46162 071610002976 68520 58893 076200003264 23537 89771 073920003600 11194 10365 082860005040 32060 17780 10040M (molmiddotLminus1) is SDS and DTAB molarity in solvents (plusmn3times10minus4molmiddotLminus1) andstandard uncertainties u are u(m) 000001molmiddotLminus1 u(T)plusmn001K andu(p)plusmn001MPa

Table 1 Specification of chemicals used in this work

Name ofchemicals Puritya () Mw Source CAS no

DTAB sim99 30834 Sigma-Aldrich 1119-94-4SDS 98 28837 Sigma-Aldrich 151-21-3aPurity as provided by suppliers DTAB dodecyltrimethylammoniumbromide SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate

N+

Brndash

(a)

Na+

O

OO

SOndash

(b)

Figure 1 Molecular structure of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) (a) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (b) surfactant

Journal of Chemistry 3

increasing temperature the kinetic energy increases as wellas oscillation (rotational vibrational and transition) couldbe developed which shows weaker IMF and electrostaticinteraction then the viscosity is decreased e measure-ment of η data has been carried out in accordance withrelative viscosity (ηr) as in [27]

ηr ηη0

(1)

where η0 and η are the viscosity of the solvent and solutionrespectively e ηr value has been summarized in Table 2e behavior of ηr versus M of SDS-rich and DTAB-rich isqualitatively the same as commonly observed in surfactantsolutions [55 56]

e ηr values of DTAB and SDS with the solvent systemsfollow the order SDSgtDTAB is order inferred that theinteraction affinity of the SDS molecule is stronger as com-pared to DTAB However SDS and DTAB both have the sametail part but different head groups SDS contains oxygen atomsin its head part while -CH3 groups in the DTAB could disruptthe HB of the solvent system and DTAB could developstronger ion-hydrophobic interaction (IHbI) Due to the in-clusion of 0000864 to 000504MmolmiddotLminus1 DTAB into aq-SDSsolution the ηr value is more increased It depicted that DTABshows stronger hydrophobic interaction andmaximum solventmolecules could repel with increase in the micelles formationrate Similarly 0000096 to 0012MmolmiddotLminus1 SDS was addedinto aq-DTAB Hence increasing rate of the ηr value decreasesthan the aq-DTAB systemwhile decrement is higher comparedto the DTAB-rich solution erefore SDS shows the strongerion-hydrophilic interaction (IHI) with a solvent system Onincreasing the concentration of DTAB and SDS the ηr valueincreases at a certain concentration and after that the ηr valuedecreases and further significantly increases It indicates thaton increasing the concentration of surfactants the micelliza-tion and aggregation processes could be occurred

In our study the trends of SDS-rich and DTAB-richsurfactants do not follow the regular trend It means that thesurfactant has a long alkyl chain (AC) which could trappedthe air bubble and so the graph trend of SDS-rich andDTAB-rich surfactants are obtained in the zic-zac order

Chakraborty et al [57] have reported that DTAB showsmore interaction affinity towards the protein e proteinalso has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains withthe polar peptide bond in its molecular structure due tostronger IHbI dominant over IHI with increases in the ηrvalue And the similar reason may be possible in the ηr valueof the DTAB-rich mixed surfactant system e η valueshave been further used to calculate viscous relaxation time(τ) using the following equation [58]

τ 4η3u2ρ

(2)

where ρ is the density of the solution (Table S4) η is theviscosity of the solution (Table S3) and u is the soundvelocity (Table S5) used for τ measurement

e τ values are summarized in Table 3 and representedin Figures 2 and 3 e τ value is depending on the con-centration and interaction affinity of the solute with the

solvent systems and temperature may be related to thestructural relaxation processes occurring due to the rear-rangement and reorientation of the molecules [59]

With an increase in the temperature the τ value decreaseswith the increasing KE and weakening of electrostatic andbinding forces e τ value order of solvent is SDSgtDTABis τ value order is also supported for ηr and ρ data It infersthat the SDS strongly interacts with the solvent medium bymultiple intermolecular interactions (MIMI) and due to thestrong interaction between solute and solvent the solutioncould slowly pass through the capillary with an increase in theτ value By increasing the concentrations of DTAB and SDSthe τ value increases with the weakening of CF and strongerelectrostatic interaction IMF van der Waal forces An in-clusion of SDS into the aqueous system the τ value is in-creased while with DTAB the τ value slightly decreases due tothe stronger IHI domination over IHbI On increasing0000096 to 00012MmolmiddotLminus1SDS the τ value drasticallyincreased with higher polarization strong compactness andthe mobility of the micelles could be decreased Similarly withDTAB 0000864 to 000504MmolmiddotLminus1 into aq-SDS the τvalue is less increased compared to the DTAB-rich surfactantsolution It infers that due to the stronger IHI the flow rate ofthe solution is decreased with increase in the τ value whilewith DTAB-rich surfactant solution because of stronger IHbIand with the weakening of CF the solution quickly passes andthe τ value is decreased

Table 3 Viscous relaxation time (τps) of SDS-rich andDTAB-richsurfactants in the aqueous medium at three different temperaturesT 29315 29815 and 30315K and at 01MPa

M (molmiddotLminus1) 29315 K 29815K 30315KSDS-rich

0005000 622Eminus 07 574Eminus 07 295Eminus 070000096 908Eminus 07 553Eminus 07 814Eminus 070000240 810Eminus 07 566Eminus 07 342Eminus 070000480 111Eminus 06 562Eminus 07 573Eminus 070000672 797Eminus 07 476Eminus 07 395Eminus 070000792 659Eminus 07 705Eminus 07 355Eminus 070000960 687Eminus 07 597Eminus 07 235Eminus 070006011 637Eminus 07 664Eminus 07 226Eminus 070007200 787Eminus 07 670Eminus 07 237Eminus 070007920 829Eminus 07 840Eminus 07 248Eminus 070009000 778Eminus 07 815Eminus 07 229Eminus 070010800 829Eminus 07 671Eminus 07 394Eminus 070012000 758Eminus 07 140Eminus 06 260Eminus 07

DTAB-rich0010000 658Eminus 07 634Eminus 07 225Eminus 070000864 454Eminus 07 379Eminus 07 162Eminus 060000960 479Eminus 07 509Eminus 07 187Eminus 060001536 490Eminus 07 409Eminus 07 189Eminus 060002016 463Eminus 07 634Eminus 07 186Eminus 060002496 455Eminus 07 104Eminus 06 241Eminus 060002976 484Eminus 07 133Eminus 06 452Eminus 060003264 470Eminus 07 202Eminus 06 155Eminus 060003600 526Eminus 07 234Eminus 07 738Eminus 070005040 638Eminus 07 401Eminus 07 211Eminus 06M (molmiddotLminus1) is SDS and DTAB molarity in solvents (plusmn3times10minus4molmiddotLminus1) andstandard uncertainties u are u(m) 000001molmiddotLminus1 u(T)plusmn001 K andu(p)plusmn001 MPa and the expanded uncertainties Uc (095 confidence level) isUc(τ)plusmn0003ps (095 level of confidence)


32 Acoustic Impedance (Z) Initially an inclusion of DTABinto the aqueous system the acoustic impedance (Z) valuedecreases while with SDS the Z value is increased Fur-thermore on increasing the concentration of SDS andDTAB the Z value (Table 4) increases To measure a soundvelocity which is generated by the vibration due to SLSOIthe Z value was calculated by using the following equation

Z ρ middot u (3)

where ρ is the density and u is the sound velocity (u) of thesolution

e Z value infers an increase in the u value at a fixedcomposition and temperature However on increasing thetemperature the Z value is increased It indicates that the Z

property is directly proportional to the u value (Table S5)because of the heat which is a kind of KE

On increasing the temperature the molecules couldgain energy which could induce rotational electronictransformational and vibrational transitions and becauseof these transitions the sound waves could travel quicklyand the Z value is increased e Z value (Figures 4 and 5)of the solvent systems follows the order SDS gt DTABe Z value also supported the ρ ηr and τ data isorder reflected that aq-SDS shows the higher Z valuethan aq-DTAB SDS has a higher hydrophilic nature andstronger interaction abilities with an increase in thecompactness of the solution us the aq-DTAB showsthe higher hydrophobic nature which could inducestronger IHbI repelling the solvent molecules to thesurface site and weakening the CFs with decreases in thec value and with stronger IMI the compactness and in-ternal pressure (IP) increases so the Z value is increased

000E + 00

200E ndash 07

400E ndash 07

600E ndash 07

800E ndash 07

100E ndash 06

120E ndash 06

140E ndash 06

160E ndash 06

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

τ (ps

)

M (mol∙Lndash1)

Figure 2 e τ value of the SDS-rich surfactant at the three different temperatures 29315 (loz) 29815 () and 30315K () respectively

000E + 00

700E ndash 07

140E ndash 06

210E ndash 06

280E ndash 06

350E ndash 06

420E ndash 06

490E ndash 06

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

τ (ps

)

M (mol∙Lndash1)

Figure 3 e τ value of the DTAB-rich surfactant at the three different temperatures T 29315 (loz) 29815 () and 30315K ()respectively


All parameters are supporting each other on the basis ofthese interlink (coordinative) properties

On increasing 0000096 to 0012MmolmiddotLminus1 SDS and0000864 to 000504MmolmiddotLminus1 DTAB concentration withaq-DTAB and aq-SDS respectively the Z value increasesHowever in the case of DTAB-rich surfactant the increasingrate of the Z value is higher than the SDS-rich surfactant atthe three different temperatures (T 29315 29815 and30315K)

Both surfactants have the same hydrophobicity spacer(tail region) except the hydrophilic spacer (head region)ehigher Z value of aq-SDS infers that the aq-SDS couldstrongly interact by stronger IHI and ion-dipole interaction(IDI) forms small size micelles of the aq-SDS solution whilewith aq-DTAB by stronger IHbI forms large size micelleswith weaker compactness in the solution and the Z value isdecreased However with increasing SDS concentration theZ value increases with stronger IHI dominant over IHbI andstronger electrostatic van der Waals interaction with highercompactness occurring in the solution For the DTAB-richsystem the Z value decreases with stronger IHbI dominantover IHI

33 Surface Property e DTAB-rich and SDS-rich systemshave been applied in several technological applicationsbecause of the formation of micelles during the aggregationmethod under certain functioning conditions Several

physical properties of surfactants have been reported in theliterature because of their ability of characterizing differentphysical properties that have been analysed in the litera-ture and due to their ability of describing the aggregationprocesses by using electrical conductivity(κ) and surfacetension (c) values [30 31]

Table S6 shows that the c value of SDS-rich and DTAB-rich decreases with increases in surfactants concentration inan aqueous system at the three different temperatures(T 29315 29815 and 30315K) It is evident from Table S6that the c value initially decreases with increasing concen-tration of SDS and then reaches a minimum It indicates thatmicelles could form and the concentration of the break pointis CMC whereas for DTAB-rich the surface tension reducedby adsorption of the surfactant at the interface and a sig-moidal curve between surface tension (c) and log (surfactant)is produced by the distinct break after which the c valueremains almost unchanged Due to the presence of DTAB andSDS surfactants produce a decrease in the c value Never-theless this decrease in surface tension reaches a constantc value at a certain surfactant concentration It depicted thatthe surface tension is a physical property influenced by theaggregation phenomenon due to a change in the surfaceconcentration of the surfactant Due to this reason the surfacetension has been used to determine the colloidal dynamics ofnumerous systems [60] us the aggregation process createsthe concentration of SDS and DTAB remains constant due tothe addition of different surfactants that are engaged in theformation of micelles However it could not effect on thesurfactant concentration in the free liquid surface Hence thesurface tensions remain with a constant value

34 Interfacial Behavior e packing symmetry of thesolvent spread monolayer of the ion-pair amphiphiles at theair-water interface depends on the stoichiometry and themagnitude of the charged head groups and the symmetryand the dissymmetry in the precursorsrsquo hydrophobic spear(the alkyl chain) e alkyl chains packed them in a way tomaximize their van der Waals interaction LDF and elec-trostatic interaction in the bulk site However molecularpacking at the air-water interfaces (AWI) to be morecompact results in the lower molecular lift-off area [61]

e surface excess concentration (Γmax) and the mini-mum surface area of the molecule (Amin) are two importantparameters which determine the adsorption behavior andpacking density of the micelles at the airwater interface[60 62] Γmax is the concentration difference between theinterface and a virtual interface in the interior of the volumephase while Amin describes the minimum area of the am-phiphile molecules at the surfactant-saturated monolayer atthe airsolution interface [58 60]

A reverse result is observed with Amin e solvent systemfollows the order aq-SDSgt aq-DTAB and aq-DTABgt aq-SDS the surface excess concentration and area of mole-cules respectivelye very low Amin and the high Γmax valuesfor pure aq-SDS suggest that it is a poor self-assembly be-havior presumably owing to the planar head group whichcould not provide an appropriate packing at the interface

Table 4 Acoustic impedance (Zgmiddotcmminus2middotsminus1) of SDS-rich andDTAB-rich surfactants in the aqueous medium at the three dif-ferent temperatures T 29315 29815 and 30315K and at01MPa


0005000 148177 149379 1498870000096 148190 150706 1504040000240 148203 150714 1504120000480 148202 150723 1504210000672 148193 149507 1504280000792 148194 149515 1504310000960 148189 149430 1503990006011 148131 149434 1503560007200 148211 149399 1502860007920 148060 149354 1503570009000 148186 149432 1503720010800 148176 149417 1504160012000 148245 149474 150481

DTAB-rich0010000 148300 149530 1504820000864 148279 148063 1502520000960 148262 149448 1506180001536 148250 149453 1504130002016 148253 149460 1504220002496 148213 149452 1504290002976 148216 149448 1504260003264 148020 149206 1503210003600 148223 149431 1503820005040 148190 149387 150356M (molmiddotLminus1) is SDS and DTAB molarity in solvents (plusmn3times10minus4molmiddotLminus1) andstandard uncertainties u are u(m) 000001molmiddotLminus1 u(T) plusmn001K andu(p)plusmn001MPa


e sudden change in the interfacial parameters by addingDTAB may presumably be connected to the efficient self-assembly behavior of DTAB which favors the self-assemblyprocess even at this low doping With further increases in theconcentration of DTAB and SDS in the aq-SDS and aq-DTAB respectively the total Γmax increased indicating anantagonistic effect by the doping of aq-SDS in the DTABsystem in this concentration range A reverse effect is ob-served for the Amin value (in this concentration range) whichis decreased with the increase in the concentration of DTABe increase in Γmax and decrease in Amin with an increase inthe DTAB content indicate that the packing density of sur-factant molecules at the interface decreases with an increase inthe SDS content e surface excess concentration (Γmax)value for 0000096 to 0012MmolmiddotLminus1 SDS and 0000864 to000504MmolmiddotLminus1 DTAB in aq-DTAB and aq-SDS solutionis summarized in Table 5 and the area of molecules (Amin) is

calculated according to the following Gibbs adsorptionequation [63] given in Table 6

Γmax minusc

2RTmiddotdc

dc (4)

Amin 1 times 1018

ΓmaxNA (5)

where NA is the Avogadro number Γmax is the surfaceexcess concentration Amin is area of molecules R is thegas constant T is the temperature in Kelvin dc is the dif-ference in the surface tension value and c is the surfactantconcentration For Γmax calculation the 0012MmolmiddotLminus1and 000504MmolmiddotLminus1 as the limiting SDS and DTABconcentration is written in equation (4) contrary to CMCreported [64] Furthermore Γmax is calculated and surfacepressure (π) is noted as follows

147915

148418

148921

149424

149927

150430

150933

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)

Figure 4 e Z value of the SDS-rich surfactant at the three different temperatures T 29315 (loz) 29815 () and 30315K () respectively

147907

148420

148933

149446

149959

150472

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)

Figure 5eZ value of theDTAB-rich surfactant at the three different temperaturesT 29315 (loz) 29815 () and 30315K () respectively


πbinary cW minus cDTAB(aqminusDTAB)

cbinary cwater minus cSDS(aqminus SDS)

πter cW+DTAB minus cSDS(anionic rich)

πter cW+SDS minus cDTAB(cationic rich)

(6)

An inclusion of SDS into the water the Γmax value(Figures 6 and 7) is more increased It indicates that the SDShas oxygen atoms in the head part which is small in size Sothe maximum number of SDS molecules could go to thesurface site Similarly an addition of DTAB into the aqueoussystem the Γmax value is decreased than the aq-SDS systemIt indicates that the larger size of DTAB has three -CH3groups in its structure which could induce a hindrance fora move to the surface site So the less number of DTABmolecules could move to the surface and the Γmax valuedecreases On increasing the concentration from 0000096 to0012MmolmiddotLminus1 SDS and 0000864 to 000504MmolmiddotLminus1

DTAB the maximum surfactant molecules move to thesurface site with surfactant molecules occupying a less areawith stronger HbHbI and stronger LDF due to a moreconsiderable difference in the chemical potential of thesurface and in the bulk phase Due to the stronger LDFoccurrence with stronger BF and stronger IMF Amin isdecreased On increasing the temperature Amin expands dueto increased KE and weakening of BF Due to the increase inthe temperature Γmax value decreases with increasing area ofmolecules with the weakening of BF and IMI and the leastnumber of surfactant molecules could go to the surface withthe increased Amin value (Figures 8 and 9)

35 Friccohesity Shift Coefficient (FSC) Friccohesity predictsworking or functional ability of solution where the residualmolecular forces remain in a reversible mode Fundamen-tally the ability of the medium or the solvent and theconstituent molecules to promote the SLS0I rather than self-binding individually is a fundamental need for sparing themolecular surface area e disruption of the self-bindingstate could be attained by the weakening of the CF on in-creasing friccohesity attracting other molecules like drugs orothers for binding e self-binding state could havestronger homomolecular potential noted as an anti-dispersion activity Hence the potentializing homo-molecular intramolecular potential to trap other molecules isan essential need to weaken CF and to develop in-termolecular or the heteromolecular forces to get stuck tothe solution e shear stress and strains lead to velocitygradients and interlayer distance e interlayer distancedirectly reflects the strength of the IMF when the solutemolecules could align along with line subjected to the in-terlayer thickness e intermolecular strength is de-termined with HB and also the weakening of the solventstructures and tends to form a structure with the solute Itbecomes an urgent need that the status of CF and IMF ismeasured simultaneously which is rightly and logicallydetermined by friccohesity data

Table 5 Surface excess concentration (Γmaxmolmiddotmminus2) of SDS-richand DTAB-rich surfactants in the aqueous medium at the threedifferent temperatures T 29315 29815 and 30315K and at01MPa

M (molmiddotLminus1) 29315 K 29815 K 30315 KSDS-rich

0000096 10457 3232 40870000240 890309 682605 9244400000480 198306 390660 2792540000672 minus477173 minus427836 minus3228070000792 1439698 1522063 7270840000960 minus424940 1080167 minus8857060006011 minus702087 minus635877 minus5015420007200 minus3587512 3609519 30640080007920 minus668042 minus748556 11272620009000 minus413137 minus199531 minus4163180010800 minus297458 minus158785 minus1767750012000 minus161123 minus529282 minus128098

DTAB-rich0000864 9655000 4083030 54441630000960 214831 1465186 16499020001536 minus156166 285812 minus3389470002016 2165496 1546511 13188970002496 minus1160335 2742435 18028510002976 12557698 1296824 10597970003264 minus6068680 4212650 52703160003600 minus672380 1473167 15019490005040 9655000 4083030 5444163M (molmiddotLminus1) is SDS and DTAB molarity in solvents (plusmn3times10minus4molmiddotLminus1) andstandard uncertainties u are u(m) 000001molmiddotLminus1 u(T) plusmn001K andu(p)plusmn001MPa

Table 6 Area of the molecule (Aminnm2middotmolminus1) of SDS-rich and

DTAB-rich surfactants in the aqueous medium at the three dif-ferent temperatures T 29315 29815 and 30315K and at01MPa


0000096 159Eminus 08 514Eminus 08 406Eminus 080000240 186Eminus 10 243Eminus 10 180Eminus 100000480 837Eminus 10 425Eminus 10 595Eminus 100000672 minus348Eminus 10 minus388Eminus 10 minus514Eminus 100000792 115Eminus 10 109Eminus 10 228Eminus 100000960 minus391Eminus 10 minus154Eminus 10 minus187Eminus 100006011 minus236Eminus 10 minus261Eminus 10 minus331Eminus 100007200 minus463Eminus 11 minus460Eminus 11 minus542Eminus 110007920 minus249Eminus 10 minus222Eminus 10 minus147Eminus 100009000 minus402Eminus 10 minus832Eminus 10 minus399Eminus 100010800 minus558Eminus 10 minus105Eminus 09 minus939Eminus 100012000 minus103Eminus 09 minus314Eminus 10 minus130Eminus 09

DTAB-rich0000864 268Eminus 09 102Eminus 08 108Eminus 080000960 172Eminus 11 407Eminus 11 305Eminus 110001536 773Eminus 10 113Eminus 10 101Eminus 100002016 minus106Eminus 09 581Eminus 10 minus490Eminus 100002496 767Eminus 11 107Eminus 10 126Eminus 100002976 minus143Eminus 10 minus605Eminus 11 minus921Eminus 110003264 minus132Eminus 11 minus128Eminus 11 minus157Eminus 110003600 minus274Eminus 11 minus394Eminus 11 minus315Eminus 110005040 minus247Eminus 10 minus113Eminus 10 minus111Eminus 10M (molmiddotLminus1) is SDS and DTAB molarity in solvents (plusmn3times10minus4molmiddotLminus1) andstandard uncertainties u are u(m) 000001molmiddotLminus1 u(T) plusmn001K andu(p)plusmn001MPa


e ηmeasurements deal with intra- and intermolecularnetworking of electronic forces materialized through elec-trostatic forces and c (Table S6) tracks damages of IMFor the molecular forces working within the similar mole-cules through HB and another interaction mechanism emolecular forces have two separate domains where one ofthem remains operational at the surface causing a contin-uous thin film where even air could not enter ereforean aqueous electrolyte or surfactants in aqueous solutionseven on shaking do not develop bubble So such engineeringis confined to the surface force which is tracked by thesurface tension Another interaction between the two forcesremains defunct because the force factors counterbalance

the linear elements of molecular interactions e σ datahave higher resolution and reproducibility and illustrate theinterfaces of CFs and frictional forces (FFs) where theseforces are the core theories of c and η measurements re-spectively erefore σ of DTAB-rich and SDS-rich is givenTable S7 and is calculated by using the following Man singhequation [51]

σ η0c0

t

t01113888 1113889

n

n01113888 11138891113890 1113891 (7)

where η0 c0 t0 and n0 and η c t and n are viscosity surfacetension viscous flow time and pendant drop numbers of thesolvent and solution respectively

ndash4000097

ndash3000084

ndash2000071

ndash1000058

ndash045

999968

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096Γ m

axm

olmiddotm

ndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)

Figure 6 e Γmax value of the SDS-rich surfactant at the three different temperatures T 29315 (loz) 29815 () and 30315K ()respectively

ndash15000097

ndash11000084

ndash7000071

ndash3000058

999955

4999968

8999981

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Γ max

mol

middotmndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)

Figure 7 e Γmax value of the DTAB-rich surfactant at the three different temperatures T 29315 (loz) 29815 () and 30315K ()respectively


e friccohesity shift coefficient (σC) is calculated byusing the following equation

Friccohesity shift coefficient σC( 1113857 1

σ middot c (8)

where σC is the friccohesity shift coefficient σ is the fric-cohesity and c is the surface tension of the solution

e solvent systems follow the order in the aqueousmedium SDSgtDTAB is order infers that the σC valueincreased the aq-SDS (Table 7) than aq-DTAB due to SDSwhich could develop weak CFs with stronger FFs andIMF the c value decreases with the higher ρ value Whilewith aq-DTAB the σC value is decreased e σC value ofaq-DTAB is more decreased than aq-SDS solutions becauseboth surfactants have the same tail part except the onlyhead part and so the stronger IHbI and weak CFs with

stronger FFs On increasing 0000096 to 0012MmolmiddotLminus1SDS and 0000864 to 000504MmolmiddotLminus1 DTAB concen-tration the σC value increases due to stronger IMI with theweakening of CFs

is parameter reveals the mechanism of SLS0I and SLSLIof surfactants [65] Such parameters determined a criticaland comparative study of c (Figures 10 and 11) and fric-cohesity of the SDS-rich and DTAB-rich surfactant solutionsummarized in Table S7 It also infers the efficacy ofinteracting activity of SDS and DTAB with the solventsystem its fluidity and absorptivity We obtained a con-version relation between c and η and the aq-DTAB showshigher η and lower c compared to the aq-SDS solution due tostronger hydrophobic interaction e η value is increasedbecause of the interaction with dissimilar molecules Due tothe inclusion of SDS and DTAB in aq-DTAB and aq-SDS

ndash100E ndash 08

000E ndash 00

100E ndash 08

200E ndash 08

300E ndash 08

400E ndash 08

500E ndash 08

600E ndash 08

ndash0005 ndash0003 ndash0001 0001 0003 0005

A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1

log C (M) (mol∙Lndash1)

Figure 8 e Amin value of the SDS-rich surfactant at the three different temperatures T 29315 (loz) 29815 () and 30315K ()respectively

ndash200E ndash 09

000E + 00

200E ndash 09

400E ndash 09

600E ndash 09

800E ndash 09

100E ndash 08

120E ndash 08

ndash001 ndash0008 ndash0006 ndash0004 ndash0002 21E-17 0002

A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1


Figure 9 e Amin value of the DTAB-rich surfactant at the three different temperatures T 29315 (loz) 29815 () and 30315 K ()respectively


solution the friccohesity shift coefficient decreases withstronger FFs and weak CFs On increasing the concentrationof surfactants the σC value is decreased On increasing thetemperature the σC value is decreased due to the weakeningof FF electrostatic interaction IDI and binding forces

36 Hydrodynamic Volume (Vh) Hydrodynamic values area significant factor in determining a magnitude to thevolume change of the hydrated molecules with increasingsolute concentration On increasing the temperature theSDS-rich and DTAB-rich have negative Vh values whichdecrease as the size of the KE increases e Vh values in thisstudy (Table 8) shows negative at the temperaturesT 29815 and 30315K us the sign of the Vh valuesreflects the nature of the SLS0I then we can conclude that atdifferent temperatures (T 29815 and 30315K) the DTAB-rich and SDS-rich mixed surfactants have structure-makingeffects on water whereas temperature 29315K in this studyshows structure-breaking effects [66]

e hydrodynamic volume (Vh) reflected the SLS0I andsolute-solute interaction (SLSLI) Vh is calculated with thefollowing equation and summarized in Table 9

Vh ϕM

NAc (9)

where ϕ is the fractional volume (Table 8) M is a molarmass of the solute NA is the Avogadro number and c is theconcentration

Fractional volume (ϕ) is calculated by the followingequation

ϕ 4

3πr3NAc (10)

where r is the particles size NA is Avogadrorsquos number and cis the solute concentration

e Vh values for solvent follow the order SDSgtDTABis order indicates that the interaction activity of SDS withH+ ions of solvent molecules is stronger than DTAB becauseSDS could be strongly towards H+ ions of water by the Ominus ionwhich is present at the head region in the SDS So the in-teraction affinity of SDS with H+ ions is higher while withDTAB is the lower because DTAB has -CH3 groups in its headregion which could repel the water molecules us the Vhvalue of DTAB is lesser than SDS in an aqueous medium Aninclusion of SDS into aq-DTAB the Vh value drasticallyincreased due to a higher concentration of SDS it has moreOminus ions which could show the stronger interaction affinitywith the IHI domain over IHbI and SDS could form a morehydrogen sphere compared to the DTAB while with DTABinto aq-SDS solution the Vh value is decreased as comparedto SDS-rich surfactants It depicted that the stronger hy-drophobic interaction and DTAB could show weak in-teraction ability with water molecules with decreases the Vhvalue On increasing the surfactants concentration the Vhvalues decrease with stronger SLSLI and weaker SLS0I Onincreasing the temperature the Vh value increases due to theweakening of electrostatic interaction and binding forces

37 Hydrodynamic Radius (Rh) Hydrodynamic radius (Rh)depicts the basic activities of solute and solvent interaction Somicelles of SDS and DTAB with solvent systems could changein Rh along with other amphiphilic solutes which could reflectvarious modes of interactions Hydrophobicity and structuralconstituents of surfactants could develop stronger molecularnetworking with an effect of the solvent cage and Rh is cal-culated using the following equation (Table 10)

Rh kT

6πηD (11)

where κ is the Boltzmann constant D is the diffusion co-efficient of the medium and the Rh value is as DTABgt SDSin the aqueous medium Due to the inclusion of DTAB in theaqueous system the Rh value is increased while with SDSthe Rh value decreases It indicates that the DTAB having-CH3 groups could be repelled by the solvent molecules sothe size of the radius is increased while SDS contains hy-drophilic atoms in its head part which could strongly in-teract so the value of hydrodynamic radius is decreased Dueto the addition of SDS into the aq-DTAB solution the Rhvalue is decreased and with DTAB in the aq-SDS the Rhvalue is also decreased It depicted that the dominance of IHIover IHbI On increasing the concentration of 0000096 to0012MmolmiddotLminus1 SDS and 0000864 to 000504MmolmiddotLminus1DTAB into aq-DTAB and aq-SDS solution the Rh valuedecreases due to the stronger IMI electrostatic interactionvan der Waals interactions and IDI On increasing the

Table 7 Friccohesity shift coefficient (FSC) of SDS-rich andDTAB-rich surfactants in the aqueous medium at the three dif-ferent temperatures T 29315 29815 and 30315K and at01MPa


0005000 1997570 0988696 11261860000096 0472963 0992845 15248080000240 1229149 1181705 07512720000480 0722956 0870212 13630120000672 1056841 1252171 19839790000792 1226570 1526528 06292270000960 1478152 1467933 12747350006011 0795106 1402486 06085600007200 0878679 1052150 07020830007920 0999447 0772808 06308890009000 1021779 0884746 08530290010800 0780298 0823337 05460620012000 0625146 0758690 0391575



temperature the Rh values are increased due to the weak-ening of BFs and IMF with increased kinetic expansioneir Rh values depict a solvent entangling around thesurfactants that affect a mutual contact of solvent molecules

38 Viscosity B-Coefficient (B) Viscosity B-coefficient (B) ofSDS-rich and DTAB-rich is calculated by using the followingJones-Dole equation

ηr minus 1M

1113874 1113875 B + Dm + Dprimem2 (12)

[η] is obtained from (ηr minus 1)M versus Mηr minus 1

M1113874 1113875 [η] (13)

where [η] is the intrinsic viscosity ηr is the relative vis-cosity M is the molarity B is the viscosity B-coefficientand D andDprime are Falkenhagenrsquos coefficients D illustratesSLSLI while B illustrates SLS0I [54 66] at the three dif-ferent temperatures (T 29315 29815 and 30315 K)respectively e positive B values depict stronger SLS0Iwith stronger IMF (Table 11) e higher and positive B

values for SDS-rich and DTAB-rich describe strongerIHI IDI and IMI e B value predicts solute solvationand their effect on the structure of solvent in the vicinityof the solute molecule having either negative or positivemagnitude e B coefficient measures structural modi-fications induced by SLSOI us Table 11 reveals thatDTAB has higher positive B values at T 29315 Kcompared to SDS Initially surfactants in water could

4359

4716

5073

543

5787

6144

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)

Figure 10 e c value of the SDS-rich surfactant at the three different temperatures T 29315 (loz) 29815 () and 30315K ()respectively

1809

2246

2683

312

3557

3994

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)

Figure 11 e c value of the DTAB-rich surfactant at the three different temperatures T 29315 (loz) 29815 () and 30315K ()respectively


repel out the hydrophobic part of the surfactants tosurface which results in a decrease of c at the surfaceFurthermore the inclusion of SDS and DTAB to aq-DTAB and aq-SDS the hydrophilic part accommodatesin the bulk solution instead of the surface because sur-factants being hydrophobic could not go to the surfacesite which is already occupied by the hydrophobic regionof the SDS and DTAB So hydrophobicity increases in thebulk solution Also this mechanism leads to a stableformulation out of such solution mixtures us theDTAB-rich at T 29815 K could be induced hydropho-bicity to a maximum extent and behaves as a structuremaker at this temperature because -CH3 could be heatsensitive Positive B value supports the structure makingtendency of SDS-rich and DTAB- rich at the three dif-ferent temperatures (T 29315 29815 and 30315 K)

e stronger HbHI is decreased the B value with a ten-dency to behave as a structural breaker [54] e surfactantsinduced stronger hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactionswith the water system e B values reflect the structuremaking or breaking effects noted as (ηrminus1m)gt 1 It indicatesan ability of a solute to interact with the medium via the IMFand HB

4 Conclusion

In this study the relative viscosity viscous relaxationtime and acoustic impedance values increase with

increasing of concentration of the surfactants due tostronger ion-hydrophobic interaction with the weaken-ing of cohesive forces with stronger frictional forces Bythe addition of SDS and DTAB into water the surfacetension value decreases while the viscosity and fricco-hesity value increase due to weakening of cohesive forcesand stronger intermolecular forces ese properties arecorrelated to each other Mixed surfactants form self-assembly which could be applicable in the industrypharmaceuticals and drug formulation ereforefriccohesity determined the surface and bulk propertiesof the solution With increasing concentration of thesurfactant surface excess concentration values are in-creased with stronger hydrophobicity pushing largerDTAB and SDS amount to the surface with moreBrownian motion and stronger LDF A less volume be-cause of stronger HbHbI bringing together the strongerLDF and stronger LDF causes stronger binding forceshave produced a greater internal pressure and lowersurface area On increasing the temperature the area ofthe molecule increases because of weak intermolecularinteraction and bond forces SDS and DTAB mixedsurfactant could be applicable in industrial and phar-maceutical for the formation of the drug drug deliverydrug loading enhanced solubility and dispersion ofdrug We have calculated the surface and bulk propertiesof the mixed surfactant which can be used in theseapplications

Table 8 Fractional volume (ϕ) of SDS-rich and DTAB-rich sur-factants in the aqueous medium at the three different temperaturesT 29315 29815 and 30315K and at 01MPa


0005000 00098 00331 minus014880000096 01838 minus00080 070810000240 01210 00010 006530000480 03149 minus00016 038060000672 01126 minus00679 013790000792 00241 00919 008290000960 00418 00161 minus008080006011 00094 00624 minus009210007200 01060 00664 minus007790007920 01326 01845 minus006340009000 01004 01678 minus008820010800 01330 00671 013670012000 00881 05755 minus00466

DTAB-rich0010000 00343 00791 minus020750000864 05848 minus01195 027150000960 07330 minus00980 050600001536 07499 minus00913 032680002016 07299 minus01085 072570002496 10646 minus01136 144650002976 23408 minus00952 195570003264 05415 minus01043 319080003600 00477 minus00686 001460005040 08824 00016 03112M (molmiddotLminus1) is SDS and DTAB molarity in solvents (plusmn3times10minus4molmiddotLminus1) andstandard uncertainties u are u(m) 000001molmiddotLminus1 u(T) plusmn001K andu(p)plusmn001MPa

Table 9 Hydrodynamic volume (Vhnm3) of SDS-rich and DTAB-

rich surfactants in the aqueous medium at the three differenttemperatures T 29315 29815 and 30315K and at 01MPa





Data Availability

e authors share the data underlying the findings of themanuscript

Conflicts of Interest

e authors declare that there are no conflicts of interestregarding the publication of this paper

Acknowledgments

Ajaya Bhattarai is thankful to e World Academy of Sci-ences (TWAS) Italy for providing funds to work in the

Department of Chemical Sciences Central University ofGujarat Gandhinagar (India)

Supplementary Materials

Table S1 compares the measured densities values atplusmn510minus6 gmiddotcmminus3 uncertainty by controlling the temperatureby the help of the Peltier (PT100) device in plusmn1middot10minus3 K ac-curacy obtained from the Anton Paar DSA 5000M densitymeter with the literature values Repeatability of the in-strument corresponds to precision in ρ and u with110minus3 kgmiddotmminus3 and 010mmiddotsminus1 respectively in 10Mmolmiddotkgminus1sodium chloride and 10 (ww) DMSO in aqueous solutionsand were used for instrument calibration at T 29815KTable S2 compares the experimental data of surface tensionand viscosity which were measured by Borosil MansinghSurvismeter through the viscous flow time (VFT) andpendant drop number (PDN) methods respectively withthe literature values in 5 10 15 and 20 (ww) aq-DMSOViscosity and surface tension both have been an average ofthree replicate measurements with plusmn2times10minus6 kgmiddotmminus1middotsminus1 andplusmn003mNmiddotmminus1 uncertainties respectively ere is also thedifference in density measured with the Anton Paar DSA5000M density meter with the literature values for 5 10 15and 20 (ww) aq-DMSO Table S3 compares the experi-mental data of viscosity at three different temperatures(29315 29815 and 30315K) which were measured byBorosil Mansingh Survismeter In all investigated concen-trations of SDS-rich and DTAB-rich surfactants in theaqueous medium there is an increase of viscosity from29315K to 29815K whereas in the case of DTAB-richthere is a decrease in viscosity in all investigated concen-trations from 29815K to 30315K But there is not a regularpattern of viscosity change for SDS-rich in the increment ofthe temperature from 29815K to 30315K Table S4 confersthe density value is higher in the aq-DTAB solution which isused as a stock solution for SDS-rich surfactant solutionHowever due to addition of SDS in the aqueous DTABsolution the ρ value decreases It depicted that the SDS andDTAB both have a same hydrophobic tail part except thehead part (counterpart) DTAB has three methyl (-CH3)which could develop stronger hydrophobic interaction withthe weakening of CF and stronger intermolecular interactionwith the increase in the ρ value Due to addition of SDS intoaq-DTAB the ρ value is decreased It indicates that the SDSis less hydrophobic compared to DTAB so it could induceless weak CFs than DTAB With increasing the concen-tration of SDS the ρ value increases due to stronger van derWaals interaction electrostatic interaction and in-termolecular interaction But at the particular concentrationthe ρ value drastically decreased However at the particularconcentration the density value drastically decreased itmeans that the concentration leading to CMC generatesmaximum assembly in a particular shape which is influencedby the nature of the surfactant and surrounding environ-ment e similar kind of trend is observed in the case ofDTAB-rich surfactant With increasing the temperature theρ value decreases due to increase in KE with weakening ofbinding forces (BF) and electrostatic interaction Table S5

Table 11 Intrinsic viscosity (η) of SDS-rich and DTAB-richsurfactants in the aqueous medium at the three different tem-peratures T 29315 29815 and 30315K and at 01MPa

TK SDS-rich29315 1368929815 1047430315 17095TK DTAB-rich29315 2501929815 0670630315 12427M (molmiddotLminus1) is SDS and DTAB molarity in solvents (plusmn3times10minus4molmiddotLminus1) andstandard uncertainties u are u(m) 000001molmiddotLminus1 u(T) plusmn001K andu(p)plusmn001MPa

Table 10 Hydrodynamic radius (Rhnm) of SDS-rich and DTAB-rich surfactants in the aqueous medium at the three differenttemperatures T 29315 29815 and 30315K and at 01MPa


0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948



compares the sound velocity of the DTAB-rich surfactantand SDS-rich surfactant solutions e sound velocities ofthe solvent follow the order aq-SDSgt aq-DTAB e orderindicates that the number of interacting molecules per unitvolume increases and the molecules become tightly packedin the presence of SDS resulting in faster sound wavepropagation e u values were observed to increase withincreasing temperature is suggests that the moleculesupon gaining the KE oscillate very strongly weakening theS0S0I e sound velocity is increased with increasingDTAB and SDS concentration and temperature Withincreasing the surfactant concentration the IMFstrengthens and the hydrophilic sites of DTAB and SDSbecome closer to greater KE transfer thereby increasing u

with higher density On increasing the temperature theinteracting groups of DTAB and SDS with a solvent systemobtain more energy with greater vibration causing fastersound wave circulation is subsequently increases the u

while decreasing the ρ values (Table 2) e slopes for ρ issteeper than those for u (Tables S4 and S5) which mutuallysupports the first order of interaction with increasingsurfactants concentration Table S6 compares the surfacetension data and the c value of aq-DTAB is lower than theSDS-rich surfactant because of the weakening of CFs withstronger ion-hydrophobic interaction e surface tension(c) or surface activities define the involvement of solventwith surfactants activities where the CFs or surface energyof the solvent decreases to interact with SDS and DTABStronger surfactants-solvent interactions reflect weaker CFswith disruption of the HB network with lower c values andvice versa e hydrophobic alkyl chain of the surfactantsaccumulates on the solvent surface thereby decreasing the c

value However the aq-SDS c value is lower than aq-DTABdue to stronger hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction Withincreasing the concentration of the surfactants the c valuedecreases with disruption of HB with weakening of CFs of thesolution Table S7 compares the data of friccohesity of SDS-rich and DTAB-rich surfactant solution at three differenttemperatures In all investigated concentrations of DTAB-rich surfactants in the aqueous medium there is increase offriccohesity from 29315K to 29815K whereas in the case of0003264molmiddotLminus1 there is decrease in friccohesity It is foundthat there is decrease in friccohesity from 29815K to 30315Kin all investigated concentrations of DTAB-rich surfactants inthe aqueous medium while in the concentration 001molmiddotLminus1there is an opposite trend But there is not a regular patternof friccohesity change for SDS-rich in the increment oftemperature from 29315 K to 30315 K (SupplementaryMaterials)

References

[1] X Xu P Chow C Quek H Hng and L Gan ldquoNanoparticlesof polystyrene latexes by semicontinuous microemulsionpolymerization using mixed surfactantsrdquo Journal of Nano-science and Nanotechnology vol 3 no 3 pp 235ndash240 2003

[2] P Li K Ma R K omas and J Penfold ldquoAnalysis of theasymmetric synergy in the adsorption of zwitterionicminusionicsurfactant mixtures at the airminuswater interface below and

above the critical micelle concentrationrdquo Journal of PhysicalChemistry B vol 120 no 15 pp 3677ndash369 2016

[3] Y Moroi Micelles Aeoretical and Applied Aspects SpringerScience+Business Media New York NY USA 1992

[4] A Pal and A Pillania ldquoermodynamic and aggregationproperties of aqueous dodecyltrimethylammonium bromidein the presence of hydrophilic ionic liquid 12-dimethyl-3-octylimidazolium chloriderdquo Journal of Molecular Liquidsvol 212 pp 818ndash824 2015

[5] R Wang Y Li and Y Li ldquoInteraction between cationic andanionic surfactants detergency and foaming properties ofmixed systemsrdquo Journal of Surfactants and Detergents vol 17no 5 pp 881ndash888 2014

[6] K Sharma and S Chauhan ldquoEffect of biologically activeamino acids on the surface activity and micellar properties ofindustrially important ionic surfactantsrdquo Colloids and Sur-faces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects vol 453pp 78ndash85 2014

[7] M J Rosen and J T Kunjappu Surfactants and InterfacialPhenomenon Wiley Hoboken NJ USA 2012

[8] A K Tiwari and S K Saha ldquoStudy on mixed micelles cationicgemini surfactants having hydroxyl groups in the spacers withconventional cationic surfactants effects of spacer and hy-drocarbon tail lengthrdquo Industrial and Engineering ChemistryResearch vol 52 no 17 pp 5895ndash5905 2013

[9] U Masafumi A Hiroshi K Nana Y Takumi T Junzo andK Tsuyoshi ldquoSynthesis of high surface area hydroxyapatitenanoparticles by mixed surfactant-mediated approachrdquoLangmuir vol 21 no 10 pp 4724ndash4728 2005

[10] N E Kadi F Martins D Clausse and P C SchulzldquoCritical micelle concentrations of aqueous hexadecy-trimethylammonium bromide-sodium oleate mixturesrdquo Col-loid and Polymer Science vol 281 no 4 pp 353ndash362 2003

[11] B Sohrabi H Gharibi B Tajik S Javadian andM Hashemianzadeh ldquoMolecular interactions of cationic andanionic surfactants in mixed monolayers and aggregatesrdquoJournal of Physical Chemistry B vol 112 no 47 pp 14869ndash14876 2008

[12] J Mata D Varade and P Bahadur ldquoAggregation behavior ofquaternary salt based cationic surfactantsrdquo AermochemicaActa vol 428 no 1-2 pp 147ndash155 2005

[13] T F Tadros Applied Surfactants Principles and ApplicationsWiley-VCH Weinheim Germany 2005

[14] S B Sulthana P V C Rao S G T Bhat T Y NakanoG Sugihara and A K Rakshit ldquoSolution properties ofnonionic surfactants and their mixtures polyoxyethylene (10)alkyl ether CnE10 and MEGA-10rdquo Langmiur vol 16 no 3pp 980ndash987 2000

[15] H Fauser M Uhlig R Miller and R von Klitzing ldquoSurfaceadsorption of oppositely charged SDSC12TABmixtures andthe relation to foam film formation and stabilityrdquo Journal ofPhysical Chemistry B vol 119 no 40 pp 12877ndash128862015

[16] H Akba A Elimenli and M Boz ldquoAggregation and thermo-dynamic properties of some cationic gemini surfactantsrdquo Journalof Surfactants and Detergents vol 15 no 1 pp 33ndash40 2012

[17] L Arriaga D Varade D Carriere W Drenckhan andD Langevin ldquoAdsorption organization and rheology ofcatanionic layers at the airwater interfacerdquo Langmuir vol 29no 10 pp 3214ndash3222 2013

[18] P Norvaisas V Petrauskas and D Matulis ldquoermody-namics of cationic and anionic surfactant interactionrdquoJournal of Physical Chemistry B vol 116 no 7 pp 2138ndash2144 2012


[19] O Cudina K Karljikivic-Rajic and I Ruvarac-BugarcicldquoInteraction of hydrochlorothiazide with cationic surfactantmicelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromiderdquo Colloids andSurfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects vol 256no 2-3 pp 225ndash232 2005

[20] A Ali S Uzair N A Malik and M Ali ldquoStudy of interactionbetween cationic surfactants and cresol red dye by electricalconductivity and spectroscopic methodsrdquo Journal of Molec-ular Liquids vol 196 pp 395ndash403 2014

[21] S K Mahta S Chaudhary and K K Bhasin ldquoSelf-assembly ofcetylpyridinium chloride in water-DMF Binary mixturesa spectroscopic and physicochemical approachrdquo Journal ofColloid Interfaces Science vol 321 no 2 pp 426ndash433 2008

[22] A Bhattarai K Pathak and B Dev ldquoCationic and anionicsurfactants interaction in pure water and methanol-watermixed solvent mediardquo Journal of Molecular Liquidsvol 229 pp 153ndash160 2017

[23] K Maiti S C Bhattacharya S P Moulik and A K PandaldquoPhysicochemical studies on ion-pair amphiphiles solutionand interfacial behaviour of systems derived from sodiumdodecylsulfate and n-alkyltrimethylammonium bromidehomologuesrdquo Journal of Chemical Sciences vol 122 no 6pp 867ndash879 2010

[24] A Stocco D Carriere M Cottat and D Langevin ldquoIn-terfacial behavior of catanionic surfactantsrdquo Langmuirvol 26 no 13 pp 10663ndash10669 2010

[25] Z G Cui and J P Canselier ldquoInterfacial and aggregationproperties of some anioniccationic surfactant binary systemsII Mixed micelle formation and surface tension reductioneffectivenessrdquo Colloid and Polymer Science vol 279 no 3pp 259ndash267 2001

[26] G Kume M Gallotti and G Nunes ldquoReview on anioniccationic surfactant mixturesrdquo Journal of Surfactants andDetergents vol 11 no 1 pp 1ndash11 2008

[27] K Sharma and S Chauhan ldquoApparent molar volumecompressibility and viscometric studies of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and dodecyltrimethylammoniumbromide (DTAB) in aqueous amino acid solutions a thermo-acoustic approachrdquo Aermochimica Acta vol 578 pp 15ndash272014

[28] S Segota and D Tezak ldquoSpontaneous formation of vesiclesrdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 121 no 1ndash3pp 51ndash75 2006

[29] A Bahramian R K omas and J Penfold ldquoe adsorptionbehavior of ionic surfactants and their mixtures with nonionicpolymers and with polyelectrolytes of opposite charge at theairminuswater interfacerdquo Journal of Physical Chemistry B vol 118no 10 pp 2769ndash2783 2014

[30] M S Bakshi and I Kaur ldquoBenzylic and pyridinium headgroups controlled surfactant-polymer aggregates of mixedcationic micelles and anionic polyelectrolytesrdquo Colloid andPolymer Science vol 282 no 5 pp 476ndash485 2004

[31] M S Bakshi and S Sachar ldquoSurfactant polymer interactionsbetween strongly interacting cationic surfactants and anionicpolyelectrolytes from conductivity and turbidity measure-mentsrdquo Colloid and Polymer Science vol 282 no 9pp 993ndash999 2004

[32] A K Panda F Possmayer N O Petersen K Nag andS P Moulik ldquoPhysico-chemical studies on mixed oppositelycharged surfactants their uses in the preparation ofsurfactant ion selective membrane and monolayer behaviorat the air water interfacerdquo Colloids and Surfaces A Physi-cochemical and Engineering Aspects vol 264 no 1ndash3pp 106ndash113 2005

[33] H Xu P X Li K Ma R K omas J Penfold and J R LuldquoLimitations in the application of the Gibbs equation toanionic surfactants at the airminuswater surface sodium dode-cylsulfate and sodium dodecylmonooxyethylenesulfate aboveand below the CMCrdquo Langmuir vol 29 no 30 pp 9324ndash9334 2013

[34] H Guo Z Liu S Yang and C Sun ldquoe feasibility of en-hanced soil washing of p-nitrochlorobenzene (pNCB) withSDBSTween80 mixed surfactantsrdquo Journal of HazardousMaterials vol 170 no 2-3 pp 1236ndash1241 2009

[35] P M Devinsky and F I Lacko ldquoCritical micelle concentrationionization degree and micellisation energy of cationic dimeric(gemini) surfactants in aqueous solution and in mixed micelleswith anionic surfactantrdquo Acta Facultatis PharmaceuticaeUniversitatis Comenianae vol 50 pp 119ndash131 2003

[36] D G mez-Dıaz J M Navaza and B Sanjurjo ldquoDensitykinematic viscosity speed of sound and surface tension ofhexyl octyl and decyl trimethyl ammonium bromide aqueoussolutionsrdquo Journal of Chemical Engineering Data vol 52no 3 pp 889ndash891 2007

[37] T P Niraula S K Chatterjee and A Bhattarai ldquoMicellizationof sodium dodecyl sulphate in presence and absence of alkalimetal halides at different temperatures in water andmethanol-water mixturesrdquo Journal of Molecular Liquidsvol 250 pp 287ndash294 2018

[38] J X Xiao and Y X Bao ldquoAn unusual variation of surfacetension with concentration of mixed cationicndashanionic sur-factantsrdquo Chinese Journal of Chemistry vol 19 no 1pp 73ndash75 2001

[39] J Rodriguez E Clavero and D Laria ldquoComputer simulationsof catanionic surfactants adsorbed at airwater interfacesrdquoJournal of Physical Chemistry B vol 109 no 51 pp 24427ndash24433 2005

[40] T P Niraula S K Shah S K Chatterjee and A BhattaraildquoEffect of methanol on the surface tension and viscosityof sodiumdodecyl sulfate (SDS) in aqueous medium at29815ndash32315 Krdquo Karbala International Journal of ModernScience vol 4 no 1 pp 26ndash34 2017

[41] A Bhattarai ldquoStudies of the micellization of cationicndashanionicsurfactant systems in water and methanolndashwater mixed sol-ventsrdquo Journal of Solution Chemistry vol 44 no 10pp 2090ndash2105 2015

[42] S K Shah S K Chatterjee and A Bhattarai ldquoe effect ofmethanol on the micellar properties of dodecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) in aqueous medium atdifferent temperaturesrdquo Journal of Surfactants and Detergentsvol 19 no 1 pp 201ndash207 2016

[43] S K Shah S K Chatterjee and A Bhattarai ldquoMicellizationof cationic surfactants in alcoholmdashwater mixed solventmediardquo Journal of Molecular Liquids vol 222 pp 906ndash9142016

[44] A Bhattarai S K Chatterjee and T P Niraula ldquoEffects ofconcentration temperature and solvent composition ondensity and apparent molar volume of the binary mixtures ofcationicndashanionic surfactants in methanolndashwater mixed sol-vent mediardquo SpringerPlus vol 2 no 1 p 280 2013

[45] A Bhattarai A K Yadav S K Sah and A Deo ldquoInfluence ofmethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide and temperature on themicellization of cetylpyridinium chloriderdquo Journal of Mo-lecular Liquids vol 242 pp 831ndash837 2017

[46] K M Sachin S Karpe M Singh and A Bhattarai ldquoPhysi-cochemical properties of dodecyltrimethylammounium bro-mide (DTAB) and sodiumdodecyl sulphate (SDS) richsurfactants in aqueous medium at T 29315 29815 and


30315 Krdquo Macromolecular Symposia vol 379 no 1 article1700034 2018

[47] R K Ameta M Singh and R K Kale ldquoComparative study ofdensity sound velocity and refractive index for (water + alkalimetal) phosphates aqueous systems at T (29815 30315 and30815) Krdquo Journal of Chemical Aermodynamics vol 60pp 159ndash168 2013

[48] R G Lebel and D A I Goring ldquoDensity viscosity refractiveindex and hygroscopicity of mixtures of water and dimethylsulfoxiderdquo Journal of Chemical Engineering Data vol 7 no 1pp 100-101 1962

[49] S Ryshetti A Gupta S J Tangeda and R L GardasldquoAcoustic and volumetric properties of betaine hydrochlo-ride drug in aqueous D (+)-glucose and sucrose solutionsrdquoJournal of Chemical Aermodynamics vol 77 pp 123ndash1302014

[50] A Pal H Kumar S Sharma R Maan and H K SharmaldquoCharacterization and adsorption studies of Cocos nucifera Lactivated carbon for the removal of methylene blue fromaqueous solutionsrdquo Journal of Chemical Engineering Datavol 55 no 8 pp 1424ndash1429 2010

[51] M Singh ldquoSurvismetermdashType I and II for surface tensionviscosity measurements of liquids for academic and researchand development studiesrdquo Journal of Biochemistry Biophysicsvol 67 no 2 pp 151ndash161 2006

[52] B Naseem A Jamal and A Jamal ldquoInfluence of sodiumacetate on the volumetric behavior of binary mixtures ofDMSO and water at 29815 to 31315 Krdquo Journal of MolecularLiquids vol 181 pp 68ndash76 2013

[53] W J Cheong and PW Carr ldquoe surface tension of mixturesof methanol acetonitrile tetrahydrofuran isopropanol ter-tiary butanol and dimethyl-sulfoxide with water at 25degCrdquoJournal Liquid Chromatography vol 10 no 4 pp 561ndash5811987

[54] K M Sachin A Chandra and M Singh ldquoNanodispersion offlavonoids in aqueous DMSO-BSA catalysed by cationicsurfactants of variable alkyl chain at T 29815 to 30815 KrdquoJournal of Molecular Liquids vol 246 pp 379ndash395 2017

[55] R Singh S Chauhan and K Sharma ldquoSurface tensionviscosity and refractive index of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)in aqueous solution containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and their blendsrdquo Journal ofChemical Engineering Data vol 62 no 7 pp 1955ndash19642017

[56] J George S M Nair and L Sreejith ldquoInteractions of sodiumdodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate withgelatin a comparisonrdquo Journal of Surfactants and Detergentsvol 11 no 1 pp 29ndash32 2008

[57] T Chakraborty I Chakraborty S P Moulik and S GhoshldquoPhysicochemical and conformational studies on BSA-surfactant interaction in aqueous mediumrdquo Langmuirvol 25 no 5 pp 3062ndash3074 2009

[58] S Chauhan V Sharma and K Sharma ldquoMaltodextrin-SDSinteractions volumetric viscometric and surface tensionstudyrdquo Fluid Phase Equilib vol 354 pp 236ndash244 2013

[59] S S Aswale S R Aswale and R S Hajare ldquoAdiabaticcompressibility intermolecular free length and acoustic re-laxation time of aqueous antibiotic cefotaxime sodiumrdquoJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research vol 4pp 2671ndash2677 2012

[60] M Gutie acuterrez-Pichel S Barbosa P Taboada andV Mosquera ldquoSurface properties of some amphiphilic an-tidepressant drugs in different aqueous mediardquo Progress inColloid and Polymer Science vol 281 no 6 pp 575ndash579 2003

[61] E Alami G Beinert P Marie and R Zana ldquoAlkanediyl-alpha omega bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) sur-factants behavior at the air-water interfacerdquo Langmiur vol 9no 6 pp 1465ndash1467 1993

[62] T Chakraborty S Ghosh and S P Moulik ldquoMicellizationand related behavior of binary and ternary surfactant mixturesin aqueous medium cetylpyridiniumchloride(CPC) cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyoxyethylene(10) cetyl ether (Brij-56) derived systemrdquo Journal of PhysicalChemistry B vol 109 no 31 pp 14813ndash14823 2005

[63] D K Chattoraj and K S Birdi ldquoAdsorption and the GibbsSurface Excessrdquo Plenum Press New York NY USA 1984

[64] R K Ameta M Singh and R K Kale ldquoSynthesis andstructure-activity relationship of benzylamine supportedplatinum (IV) complexesrdquo New Journal of Chemistry vol 37no 5 pp 1501ndash1508 2013

[65] A L Chavez and G G Birch ldquoe hydrostatic and hydro-dynamic volumes of polyols in aqueous solutions and theirsweet tasterdquo Chemical Senses vol 22 no 2 pp 149ndash161 1997

[66] C Bai and G B Yan ldquoViscosity B-coefficients and activationparameters for viscous flow of a solution of heptanedioic acidin aqueous sucrose solutionrdquoCarbohydrate Research vol 338no 23 pp 2921ndash2927 2003


TribologyAdvances in

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Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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Volume 2018

Bioinorganic Chemistry and ApplicationsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

SpectroscopyInternational Journal of


Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

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Medicinal ChemistryInternational Journal of


NanotechnologyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Applied ChemistryJournal of



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Journal of

SpectroscopyAnalytical ChemistryInternational Journal of


MaterialsJournal of



BioMed Research International Electrochemistry

International Journal of


Na

nom

ate

ria

ls


Journal ofNanomaterials

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Hence the ternary system (DTABSDSH2O) can dem-onstrate arrays of self-assembled microstructures viz mi-celles vesicles planar bilayers and bicontinuous structuresEarlier studies have been focused mostly on two critical factswhich influence the interaction activities (a) the type ofthe interactions involved during the formation of the micelles(b) and the resultant structure of the formed aggregates [21]e SDS and DTAB surfactants (Figure 1) actively interactwith each other due to opposite charge species Howeverabove the CMC surfactants form aggregates into the micelle[22] Maiti et al [23] have been investigated on oppositelycharged single-tailed surfactants that could associate throughelectrostatic ion-dipole and van der Waals force attractionunder specific conditions us the various aggregated mi-crostructures (micelles vesicles and lamellar phases) ofcatanionic surfactants have attracted the attention of re-searchers for their multifaceted potential application in thefield of drug delivery and nanoparticle synthesis e struc-ture of the surfactants plays an essential role in their ag-gregation behavior e critical packing parameters infer thetype of possible assemblies in the solution Due to thesepotentials the mixed surfactants solution has remarkableproperties such as lower surface tension with higher surfaceactivities and critical aggregation concentrations (CACs)which are essential for detergency and pharmaceutical ap-plications [24 25] e cationic surfactants can form manysupramolecular structures at the specific mole ratios andconcentrations they have formed a remarkable micellesstructure [26 27] and vesicles [28 29] Bakshi et al studiedsingle and mixed micellization of surfactants by using con-ductivity turbidity and NMR measurements [30 31]erefore anionic and cationic mixed surfactants can forma numerous type of aggregated microstructures like lamellarphases vesicles spheres precipitates and rod shape struc-tures [32 33] Moreover mixing of surfactants is also used indrug formulation lowering the Krafft temperature and withincreasing the cloud point [34] and some studies have beenreported on the electrical conductance of cationic and anionicmixed surfactants [35] Recently many researchers have beenfocused on the aggregation and micelles formation process inthe aqueous and mixed solvent system [36 37] Earlier re-searchers have been focused mostly on spectroscopic andthermodynamic studies of single and mixed surfactantsthrough UV-visible CMC CAC entropy enthalpy Gibbsfree energy micelle ionization degree Krafft temperaturedissociation constant and the pre-slope and post-slope valuesof single and mixed surfactants in an aqueous medium andmixed solvent system at different temperatures [38ndash45]

ere is a little work on PCPs of SDS-rich and DTAB-rich mixed surfactants in an aqueous medium at T 2931529815 and 30315K [46] In this research article we arestudying the various PCPs which include relative viscosityviscous relaxation time acoustic impedance hydrodynamicvolume hydrodynamic radius intrinsic viscosity fricco-hesity shift coefficient surface excess concentration andarea of a molecule of the SDS-rich and DTAB-rich mixedsurfactants in an aqueous medium at three different tem-peratures (T 29315 29815 and 30315K) at 01MPa istype of study on the mixed surfactant system could assist in

harnessing their potential in the household and industrialapplications

2 Materials and Methods

21 Materials All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and their details are given in Table 1 Dodecyl-trimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfatesurfactants were stored in the P2O5-filled vacuum desiccatordue to their hygroscopic nature

22 Solution Preparation All solutions water + SDS (aq-SDS) and water +DTAB (aq-DTAB) were prepared sepa-rately by dissolving 0005MmolmiddotLminus1 and 001MmolmiddotLminus1 ofDTAB and SDS surfactants separately into Milli-Q water andused as a stock solution e 0005MmolmiddotLminus1 DTAB and001MmolmiddotLminus1 SDS solutions were used as a solvent for0000096 to 0012MmolmiddotLminus1SDS and 0000864 to000504MmolmiddotLminus1 DTAB respectively ese solutions werekept for sim10min sonication at 30MHz for better homoge-nization All solutions were prepared at the temperature29815K and pressure 01MPa using Milli-Q water at pH 7and conductivity 071 μSmiddotcmminus1 For weighing Mettler ToledoNewClassic MS was used with ltplusmn01middot10minus6 kg repeatability Toavoid evaporation and contamination all solutions were keptin an airtight volumetric flask at the temperature of 29815K

Anton Paar DSA 5000M density meter was used formeasurements of their densities (ρ) and sound velocity (u)data with plusmn5middot10minus6 gmiddotcmminus3 uncertainty and the temperaturewas controlled by a built-in Peltier (PT100) device withplusmn110minus3 K accuracy Repeatability of the instrument corre-sponds to precision in ρ and u data with 110minus3 kgmiddotmminus3 and010mmiddotsminus1 respectively

e instrument was calibrated with Milli-Q water atthe temperature of 29815K while aq-NaCl (1Mmolmiddotkgminus1)and 10 aq-DMSO were also used to check the perfor-mance of the instrument and the values were in agreementwith the literature within the experimental uncertainties(Table S1) [47 48] Reported densities were an average of threerepeated measurements with plusmn310minus6 gmiddotcmminus3 repeatabilityThe ρ and u at 3MHz frequency of uncertainties wereplusmn5times10minus3 kgm3 and plusmn05mmiddotsminus1 respectively All experimentswere carried out at the three different temperatures(T 29315 29815 and 30315K) with plusmn001K accuracy [49]Sound velocity work based on oscillation periods of quartzU-tube with air solvent and solutions [50] After eachmeasurement the tube was cleaned with acetone and dried bypassing dried through the U-tube by using an air pump Aprocess of drying continued till a constant oscillation periodfor air was obtained and noted as an initial calibrationViscosity surface tension and friccohesity data were mea-sured by Borosil Mansingh Survismeter [51] (Cal no06070582101C-0395 NPL India) through viscous flow time(VFT) and pendant drop number (PDN) methods re-spectively Lauda Alpha RA 8 thermostat was used for con-trolling the temperature with plusmn005K accuracy Afterattaining a thermal equilibrium the VFT was recorded byusing an electronic timer withplusmn001 s accuracy while the PDNcounted with an electronic counter e Survismeter was










0005000 10245 10828 062810000096 14596 09800 277040000240 13026 10026 116310000480 17872 09961 195150000672 12815 08303 134480000792 10601 12297 120730000960 11046 10402 079810006011 10234 11561 076980007200 12651 11661 080530007920 13315 14613 084150009000 12510 14196 077960010800 13326 11678 134170012000 12202 24387 08836





N+

Brndash

(a)

Na+

O

OO

SOndash

(b)




ηr ηη0

(1)





τ 4η3u2ρ

(2)











Z ρ middot u (3)





000E + 00

200E ndash 07

400E ndash 07

600E ndash 07

800E ndash 07

100E ndash 06

120E ndash 06

140E ndash 06

160E ndash 06

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

τ (ps

)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


000E + 00

700E ndash 07

140E ndash 06

210E ndash 06

280E ndash 06

350E ndash 06

420E ndash 06

490E ndash 06

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

τ (ps

)

M (mol∙Lndash1)














0005000 148177 149379 1498870000096 148190 150706 1504040000240 148203 150714 1504120000480 148202 150723 1504210000672 148193 149507 1504280000792 148194 149515 1504310000960 148189 149430 1503990006011 148131 149434 1503560007200 148211 149399 1502860007920 148060 149354 1503570009000 148186 149432 1503720010800 148176 149417 1504160012000 148245 149474 150481





Γmax minusc

2RTmiddotdc

dc (4)

Amin 1 times 1018

ΓmaxNA (5)


147915

148418

148921

149424

149927

150430

150933

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


147907

148420

148933

149446

149959

150472

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)







(6)
















σ η0c0

t

t01113888 1113889

n

n01113888 11138891113890 1113891 (7)


ndash4000097

ndash3000084

ndash2000071

ndash1000058

ndash045

999968

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096Γ m

axm

olmiddotm

ndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)


ndash15000097

ndash11000084

ndash7000071

ndash3000058

999955

4999968

8999981

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Γ max

mol

middotmndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)





σ middot c (8)





ndash100E ndash 08

000E ndash 00

100E ndash 08

200E ndash 08

300E ndash 08

400E ndash 08

500E ndash 08

600E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1



ndash200E ndash 09

000E + 00

200E ndash 09

400E ndash 09

600E ndash 09

800E ndash 09

100E ndash 08

120E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1







Vh ϕM

NAc (9)



ϕ 4

3πr3NAc (10)




Rh kT

6πηD (11)




0005000 1997570 0988696 11261860000096 0472963 0992845 15248080000240 1229149 1181705 07512720000480 0722956 0870212 13630120000672 1056841 1252171 19839790000792 1226570 1526528 06292270000960 1478152 1467933 12747350006011 0795106 1402486 06085600007200 0878679 1052150 07020830007920 0999447 0772808 06308890009000 1021779 0884746 08530290010800 0780298 0823337 05460620012000 0625146 0758690 0391575





ηr minus 1M

1113874 1113875 B + Dm + Dprimem2 (12)


M1113874 1113875 [η] (13)



4359

4716

5073

543

5787

6144

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


1809

2246

2683

312

3557

3994

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)





4 Conclusion













Data Availability




Acknowledgments









0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948







References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls












0005000 10245 10828 062810000096 14596 09800 277040000240 13026 10026 116310000480 17872 09961 195150000672 12815 08303 134480000792 10601 12297 120730000960 11046 10402 079810006011 10234 11561 076980007200 12651 11661 080530007920 13315 14613 084150009000 12510 14196 077960010800 13326 11678 134170012000 12202 24387 08836





N+

Brndash

(a)

Na+

O

OO

SOndash

(b)




ηr ηη0

(1)





τ 4η3u2ρ

(2)











Z ρ middot u (3)





000E + 00

200E ndash 07

400E ndash 07

600E ndash 07

800E ndash 07

100E ndash 06

120E ndash 06

140E ndash 06

160E ndash 06

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

τ (ps

)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


000E + 00

700E ndash 07

140E ndash 06

210E ndash 06

280E ndash 06

350E ndash 06

420E ndash 06

490E ndash 06

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

τ (ps

)

M (mol∙Lndash1)














0005000 148177 149379 1498870000096 148190 150706 1504040000240 148203 150714 1504120000480 148202 150723 1504210000672 148193 149507 1504280000792 148194 149515 1504310000960 148189 149430 1503990006011 148131 149434 1503560007200 148211 149399 1502860007920 148060 149354 1503570009000 148186 149432 1503720010800 148176 149417 1504160012000 148245 149474 150481





Γmax minusc

2RTmiddotdc

dc (4)

Amin 1 times 1018

ΓmaxNA (5)


147915

148418

148921

149424

149927

150430

150933

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


147907

148420

148933

149446

149959

150472

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)







(6)
















σ η0c0

t

t01113888 1113889

n

n01113888 11138891113890 1113891 (7)


ndash4000097

ndash3000084

ndash2000071

ndash1000058

ndash045

999968

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096Γ m

axm

olmiddotm

ndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)


ndash15000097

ndash11000084

ndash7000071

ndash3000058

999955

4999968

8999981

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Γ max

mol

middotmndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)





σ middot c (8)





ndash100E ndash 08

000E ndash 00

100E ndash 08

200E ndash 08

300E ndash 08

400E ndash 08

500E ndash 08

600E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1



ndash200E ndash 09

000E + 00

200E ndash 09

400E ndash 09

600E ndash 09

800E ndash 09

100E ndash 08

120E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1







Vh ϕM

NAc (9)



ϕ 4

3πr3NAc (10)




Rh kT

6πηD (11)




0005000 1997570 0988696 11261860000096 0472963 0992845 15248080000240 1229149 1181705 07512720000480 0722956 0870212 13630120000672 1056841 1252171 19839790000792 1226570 1526528 06292270000960 1478152 1467933 12747350006011 0795106 1402486 06085600007200 0878679 1052150 07020830007920 0999447 0772808 06308890009000 1021779 0884746 08530290010800 0780298 0823337 05460620012000 0625146 0758690 0391575





ηr minus 1M

1113874 1113875 B + Dm + Dprimem2 (12)


M1113874 1113875 [η] (13)



4359

4716

5073

543

5787

6144

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


1809

2246

2683

312

3557

3994

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)





4 Conclusion













Data Availability




Acknowledgments









0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948







References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls





ηr ηη0

(1)





τ 4η3u2ρ

(2)











Z ρ middot u (3)





000E + 00

200E ndash 07

400E ndash 07

600E ndash 07

800E ndash 07

100E ndash 06

120E ndash 06

140E ndash 06

160E ndash 06

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

τ (ps

)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


000E + 00

700E ndash 07

140E ndash 06

210E ndash 06

280E ndash 06

350E ndash 06

420E ndash 06

490E ndash 06

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

τ (ps

)

M (mol∙Lndash1)














0005000 148177 149379 1498870000096 148190 150706 1504040000240 148203 150714 1504120000480 148202 150723 1504210000672 148193 149507 1504280000792 148194 149515 1504310000960 148189 149430 1503990006011 148131 149434 1503560007200 148211 149399 1502860007920 148060 149354 1503570009000 148186 149432 1503720010800 148176 149417 1504160012000 148245 149474 150481





Γmax minusc

2RTmiddotdc

dc (4)

Amin 1 times 1018

ΓmaxNA (5)


147915

148418

148921

149424

149927

150430

150933

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


147907

148420

148933

149446

149959

150472

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)







(6)
















σ η0c0

t

t01113888 1113889

n

n01113888 11138891113890 1113891 (7)


ndash4000097

ndash3000084

ndash2000071

ndash1000058

ndash045

999968

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096Γ m

axm

olmiddotm

ndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)


ndash15000097

ndash11000084

ndash7000071

ndash3000058

999955

4999968

8999981

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Γ max

mol

middotmndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)





σ middot c (8)





ndash100E ndash 08

000E ndash 00

100E ndash 08

200E ndash 08

300E ndash 08

400E ndash 08

500E ndash 08

600E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1



ndash200E ndash 09

000E + 00

200E ndash 09

400E ndash 09

600E ndash 09

800E ndash 09

100E ndash 08

120E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1







Vh ϕM

NAc (9)



ϕ 4

3πr3NAc (10)




Rh kT

6πηD (11)




0005000 1997570 0988696 11261860000096 0472963 0992845 15248080000240 1229149 1181705 07512720000480 0722956 0870212 13630120000672 1056841 1252171 19839790000792 1226570 1526528 06292270000960 1478152 1467933 12747350006011 0795106 1402486 06085600007200 0878679 1052150 07020830007920 0999447 0772808 06308890009000 1021779 0884746 08530290010800 0780298 0823337 05460620012000 0625146 0758690 0391575





ηr minus 1M

1113874 1113875 B + Dm + Dprimem2 (12)


M1113874 1113875 [η] (13)



4359

4716

5073

543

5787

6144

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


1809

2246

2683

312

3557

3994

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)





4 Conclusion













Data Availability




Acknowledgments









0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948







References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls





Z ρ middot u (3)





000E + 00

200E ndash 07

400E ndash 07

600E ndash 07

800E ndash 07

100E ndash 06

120E ndash 06

140E ndash 06

160E ndash 06

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

τ (ps

)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


000E + 00

700E ndash 07

140E ndash 06

210E ndash 06

280E ndash 06

350E ndash 06

420E ndash 06

490E ndash 06

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

τ (ps

)

M (mol∙Lndash1)














0005000 148177 149379 1498870000096 148190 150706 1504040000240 148203 150714 1504120000480 148202 150723 1504210000672 148193 149507 1504280000792 148194 149515 1504310000960 148189 149430 1503990006011 148131 149434 1503560007200 148211 149399 1502860007920 148060 149354 1503570009000 148186 149432 1503720010800 148176 149417 1504160012000 148245 149474 150481





Γmax minusc

2RTmiddotdc

dc (4)

Amin 1 times 1018

ΓmaxNA (5)


147915

148418

148921

149424

149927

150430

150933

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


147907

148420

148933

149446

149959

150472

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)







(6)
















σ η0c0

t

t01113888 1113889

n

n01113888 11138891113890 1113891 (7)


ndash4000097

ndash3000084

ndash2000071

ndash1000058

ndash045

999968

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096Γ m

axm

olmiddotm

ndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)


ndash15000097

ndash11000084

ndash7000071

ndash3000058

999955

4999968

8999981

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Γ max

mol

middotmndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)





σ middot c (8)





ndash100E ndash 08

000E ndash 00

100E ndash 08

200E ndash 08

300E ndash 08

400E ndash 08

500E ndash 08

600E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1



ndash200E ndash 09

000E + 00

200E ndash 09

400E ndash 09

600E ndash 09

800E ndash 09

100E ndash 08

120E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1







Vh ϕM

NAc (9)



ϕ 4

3πr3NAc (10)




Rh kT

6πηD (11)




0005000 1997570 0988696 11261860000096 0472963 0992845 15248080000240 1229149 1181705 07512720000480 0722956 0870212 13630120000672 1056841 1252171 19839790000792 1226570 1526528 06292270000960 1478152 1467933 12747350006011 0795106 1402486 06085600007200 0878679 1052150 07020830007920 0999447 0772808 06308890009000 1021779 0884746 08530290010800 0780298 0823337 05460620012000 0625146 0758690 0391575





ηr minus 1M

1113874 1113875 B + Dm + Dprimem2 (12)


M1113874 1113875 [η] (13)



4359

4716

5073

543

5787

6144

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


1809

2246

2683

312

3557

3994

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)





4 Conclusion













Data Availability




Acknowledgments









0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948







References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls















0005000 148177 149379 1498870000096 148190 150706 1504040000240 148203 150714 1504120000480 148202 150723 1504210000672 148193 149507 1504280000792 148194 149515 1504310000960 148189 149430 1503990006011 148131 149434 1503560007200 148211 149399 1502860007920 148060 149354 1503570009000 148186 149432 1503720010800 148176 149417 1504160012000 148245 149474 150481





Γmax minusc

2RTmiddotdc

dc (4)

Amin 1 times 1018

ΓmaxNA (5)


147915

148418

148921

149424

149927

150430

150933

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


147907

148420

148933

149446

149959

150472

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)







(6)
















σ η0c0

t

t01113888 1113889

n

n01113888 11138891113890 1113891 (7)


ndash4000097

ndash3000084

ndash2000071

ndash1000058

ndash045

999968

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096Γ m

axm

olmiddotm

ndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)


ndash15000097

ndash11000084

ndash7000071

ndash3000058

999955

4999968

8999981

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Γ max

mol

middotmndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)





σ middot c (8)





ndash100E ndash 08

000E ndash 00

100E ndash 08

200E ndash 08

300E ndash 08

400E ndash 08

500E ndash 08

600E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1



ndash200E ndash 09

000E + 00

200E ndash 09

400E ndash 09

600E ndash 09

800E ndash 09

100E ndash 08

120E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1







Vh ϕM

NAc (9)



ϕ 4

3πr3NAc (10)




Rh kT

6πηD (11)




0005000 1997570 0988696 11261860000096 0472963 0992845 15248080000240 1229149 1181705 07512720000480 0722956 0870212 13630120000672 1056841 1252171 19839790000792 1226570 1526528 06292270000960 1478152 1467933 12747350006011 0795106 1402486 06085600007200 0878679 1052150 07020830007920 0999447 0772808 06308890009000 1021779 0884746 08530290010800 0780298 0823337 05460620012000 0625146 0758690 0391575





ηr minus 1M

1113874 1113875 B + Dm + Dprimem2 (12)


M1113874 1113875 [η] (13)



4359

4716

5073

543

5787

6144

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


1809

2246

2683

312

3557

3994

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)





4 Conclusion













Data Availability




Acknowledgments









0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948







References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls






Γmax minusc

2RTmiddotdc

dc (4)

Amin 1 times 1018

ΓmaxNA (5)


147915

148418

148921

149424

149927

150430

150933

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


147907

148420

148933

149446

149959

150472

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Z (g

middotcmndash2

middotsndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)







(6)
















σ η0c0

t

t01113888 1113889

n

n01113888 11138891113890 1113891 (7)


ndash4000097

ndash3000084

ndash2000071

ndash1000058

ndash045

999968

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096Γ m

axm

olmiddotm

ndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)


ndash15000097

ndash11000084

ndash7000071

ndash3000058

999955

4999968

8999981

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Γ max

mol

middotmndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)





σ middot c (8)





ndash100E ndash 08

000E ndash 00

100E ndash 08

200E ndash 08

300E ndash 08

400E ndash 08

500E ndash 08

600E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1



ndash200E ndash 09

000E + 00

200E ndash 09

400E ndash 09

600E ndash 09

800E ndash 09

100E ndash 08

120E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1







Vh ϕM

NAc (9)



ϕ 4

3πr3NAc (10)




Rh kT

6πηD (11)




0005000 1997570 0988696 11261860000096 0472963 0992845 15248080000240 1229149 1181705 07512720000480 0722956 0870212 13630120000672 1056841 1252171 19839790000792 1226570 1526528 06292270000960 1478152 1467933 12747350006011 0795106 1402486 06085600007200 0878679 1052150 07020830007920 0999447 0772808 06308890009000 1021779 0884746 08530290010800 0780298 0823337 05460620012000 0625146 0758690 0391575





ηr minus 1M

1113874 1113875 B + Dm + Dprimem2 (12)


M1113874 1113875 [η] (13)



4359

4716

5073

543

5787

6144

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


1809

2246

2683

312

3557

3994

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)





4 Conclusion













Data Availability




Acknowledgments









0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948







References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls








(6)
















σ η0c0

t

t01113888 1113889

n

n01113888 11138891113890 1113891 (7)


ndash4000097

ndash3000084

ndash2000071

ndash1000058

ndash045

999968

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096Γ m

axm

olmiddotm

ndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)


ndash15000097

ndash11000084

ndash7000071

ndash3000058

999955

4999968

8999981

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Γ max

mol

middotmndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)





σ middot c (8)





ndash100E ndash 08

000E ndash 00

100E ndash 08

200E ndash 08

300E ndash 08

400E ndash 08

500E ndash 08

600E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1



ndash200E ndash 09

000E + 00

200E ndash 09

400E ndash 09

600E ndash 09

800E ndash 09

100E ndash 08

120E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1







Vh ϕM

NAc (9)



ϕ 4

3πr3NAc (10)




Rh kT

6πηD (11)




0005000 1997570 0988696 11261860000096 0472963 0992845 15248080000240 1229149 1181705 07512720000480 0722956 0870212 13630120000672 1056841 1252171 19839790000792 1226570 1526528 06292270000960 1478152 1467933 12747350006011 0795106 1402486 06085600007200 0878679 1052150 07020830007920 0999447 0772808 06308890009000 1021779 0884746 08530290010800 0780298 0823337 05460620012000 0625146 0758690 0391575





ηr minus 1M

1113874 1113875 B + Dm + Dprimem2 (12)


M1113874 1113875 [η] (13)



4359

4716

5073

543

5787

6144

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


1809

2246

2683

312

3557

3994

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)





4 Conclusion













Data Availability




Acknowledgments









0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948







References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls






σ η0c0

t

t01113888 1113889

n

n01113888 11138891113890 1113891 (7)


ndash4000097

ndash3000084

ndash2000071

ndash1000058

ndash045

999968

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096Γ m

axm

olmiddotm

ndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)


ndash15000097

ndash11000084

ndash7000071

ndash3000058

999955

4999968

8999981

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

Γ max

mol

middotmndash2

M (mol∙Lndash1)





σ middot c (8)





ndash100E ndash 08

000E ndash 00

100E ndash 08

200E ndash 08

300E ndash 08

400E ndash 08

500E ndash 08

600E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1



ndash200E ndash 09

000E + 00

200E ndash 09

400E ndash 09

600E ndash 09

800E ndash 09

100E ndash 08

120E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1







Vh ϕM

NAc (9)



ϕ 4

3πr3NAc (10)




Rh kT

6πηD (11)




0005000 1997570 0988696 11261860000096 0472963 0992845 15248080000240 1229149 1181705 07512720000480 0722956 0870212 13630120000672 1056841 1252171 19839790000792 1226570 1526528 06292270000960 1478152 1467933 12747350006011 0795106 1402486 06085600007200 0878679 1052150 07020830007920 0999447 0772808 06308890009000 1021779 0884746 08530290010800 0780298 0823337 05460620012000 0625146 0758690 0391575





ηr minus 1M

1113874 1113875 B + Dm + Dprimem2 (12)


M1113874 1113875 [η] (13)



4359

4716

5073

543

5787

6144

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


1809

2246

2683

312

3557

3994

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)





4 Conclusion













Data Availability




Acknowledgments









0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948







References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls






σ middot c (8)





ndash100E ndash 08

000E ndash 00

100E ndash 08

200E ndash 08

300E ndash 08

400E ndash 08

500E ndash 08

600E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1



ndash200E ndash 09

000E + 00

200E ndash 09

400E ndash 09

600E ndash 09

800E ndash 09

100E ndash 08

120E ndash 08


A min

nm

2 ∙mol

ndash1







Vh ϕM

NAc (9)



ϕ 4

3πr3NAc (10)




Rh kT

6πηD (11)




0005000 1997570 0988696 11261860000096 0472963 0992845 15248080000240 1229149 1181705 07512720000480 0722956 0870212 13630120000672 1056841 1252171 19839790000792 1226570 1526528 06292270000960 1478152 1467933 12747350006011 0795106 1402486 06085600007200 0878679 1052150 07020830007920 0999447 0772808 06308890009000 1021779 0884746 08530290010800 0780298 0823337 05460620012000 0625146 0758690 0391575





ηr minus 1M

1113874 1113875 B + Dm + Dprimem2 (12)


M1113874 1113875 [η] (13)



4359

4716

5073

543

5787

6144

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


1809

2246

2683

312

3557

3994

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)





4 Conclusion













Data Availability




Acknowledgments









0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948







References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls







Vh ϕM

NAc (9)



ϕ 4

3πr3NAc (10)




Rh kT

6πηD (11)




0005000 1997570 0988696 11261860000096 0472963 0992845 15248080000240 1229149 1181705 07512720000480 0722956 0870212 13630120000672 1056841 1252171 19839790000792 1226570 1526528 06292270000960 1478152 1467933 12747350006011 0795106 1402486 06085600007200 0878679 1052150 07020830007920 0999447 0772808 06308890009000 1021779 0884746 08530290010800 0780298 0823337 05460620012000 0625146 0758690 0391575





ηr minus 1M

1113874 1113875 B + Dm + Dprimem2 (12)


M1113874 1113875 [η] (13)



4359

4716

5073

543

5787

6144

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


1809

2246

2683

312

3557

3994

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)





4 Conclusion













Data Availability




Acknowledgments









0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948







References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls






ηr minus 1M

1113874 1113875 B + Dm + Dprimem2 (12)


M1113874 1113875 [η] (13)



4359

4716

5073

543

5787

6144

96E ndash 05 0003096 0006096 0009096

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)


1809

2246

2683

312

3557

3994

000086 000186 000286 000386 000486

γ (m

Nmiddotm

ndash1)

M (mol∙Lndash1)





4 Conclusion













Data Availability




Acknowledgments









0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948







References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls






4 Conclusion













Data Availability




Acknowledgments









0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948







References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls




Data Availability




Acknowledgments









0005000 5938 6097 76270000096 5235 6138 54300000240 5437 6092 72520000480 4893 6105 61030000672 5467 6487 69090000792 5824 5691 71630000960 5744 6017 82220006011 5892 5809 83220007200 5490 5793 81980007920 5397 5373 80780009000 5511 5425 82870010800 5396 5790 69150012000 5557 4530 7948







References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls








References













































































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls




























































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls































Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls









Journal of

Chemistry





Journal of

Volume 2018






Volume 2018




Journal of






Enzyme Research


Journal of



MaterialsJournal of






Na

nom

ate

ria

ls




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AnInteractionofAnionic-andCationic-RichMixedSurfactantsin ......Anton Paar DSA 5000M density meter was used for measurementsoftheirdensities(ρ)andsoundvelocity(u) datawith±5·10