Animal Uses

7/29/2019 Animal Uses

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Animal Uses

Once you have taken care of the meat you can start using the other parts of the animal.Nothing should go to waste.

Fat - Fat is rich in calories and should be included in survival meals. The rendered fat canalso be used as a lubricant, a fuel, and to make torches.

Feathers - These can be used as insulation, fletching for arrows, and for dangling from astring above a trap to attract predators.

Hide - Brain-tanned hides can be made into clothing, bags, moccasins, hats, mittens andgloves. Rawhide can be used for laces, straps, parfletches, pouches, containers, shields, and

drum heads. The hair that was removed from the hide can be used as insulation, baskets,fletching for arrows, weaving, and cordage. The ears, tails, and scrotum make goodpouches.

Hooves - These can be crushed and boiled into glue and neatsfoot oil.

Head - The tongue can be eaten. The brains can also be eaten or used to tan hides, and theskinned out head could be thrown into a stew pot.

Internal organs - These spoil quickly so use them soon. The wind pipe can be used as ablow tube. In areas that are not heavily polluted, eat the heart, liver and kidneys. Intestines

can be cleaned out and dried, then used as sausage skins for food storage or twisted and

pulled, making cordage for bow strings or thongs. The bladder and stomach make storageand cooking vessels. What little is left can be used as bait for carnivores.

Sinew - This is the strongest natural material and when dried and pounded can be made

into excellent thread, fishline, bowstrings, lashing and snare line.

Bones - The fresh marrow can be eaten and the bones made into fish hooks, awls, needles,blow tubes, scrapers, arrowheads, knives, chisels, spear points, and barbs for fish spears.

They can also be ground into bone meal. Antler can be used about the same as bone andcan also be used for knapping tools.

Food is any substance[1]

consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of

plant oranimal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins,

vitamins, orminerals. The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by theorganism's cells in an effort to produce energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.

Historically, people secured food through two methods: hunting and gathering, and agriculture.Today, most of the food energy consumed by the world population is supplied by the food

industry.

Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies like the International Association for

Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture

Organization, and International Food Information Council. They address issues such as
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sustainability, biological diversity, climate change, nutritional economics, population growth,

water supply, and access to food.

The right to food is a human right derived from the International Covenant on Economic, Social

and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), recognizing the "right to an adequate standard of living,

including adequate food", as well as the "fundamental right to be free from hunger".

Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice ofbreeding and raising livestock.

[edit] History

Animal husbandry has been practiced for thousands of years, since the first domestication ofanimals.

Selective breeding for desired traits was established as a scientific practice by RobertBlakewell during the British Agricultural Revolution in the 18th century. Arguably, his mostimportant breeding program was with sheep. Using native stock, he was able to quickly

select for large, yet fine-boned sheep, with long, lustrous wool. The Lincoln Longwool wasimproved by Bakewell, and in turn the Lincoln was used to develop the subsequent breed,named the New (or Dishley) Leicester. It was hornless and had a square, meaty body withstraight top lines.[1]

These sheep were exported widely, including to Australia and North America, and have

contributed to numerous modern breeds, despite that fact that they fell quickly out of favoras market preferences in meat and textiles changed. Bloodlines of these original NewLeicesters survive today as the English Leicester (or Leicester Longwool), which is primarilykept for wool production.

Bakewell was also the first to breed cattle to be used primarily for beef. Previously, cattle

were first and foremost kept for pulling ploughs as oxen[citation needed], but he crossed long-horned heifers and a Westmoreland bull to eventually create the Dishley Longhorn. As moreand more farmers followed his lead, farm animals increased dramatically in size and quality.

In 1700, the average weight of a bull sold for slaughter was 370 pounds (168 kg). By 1786,that weight had more than doubled to 840 pounds (381 kg). However, after his death, theDishley Longhorn was replaced with short-horn versions.

He also bred the Improved Black Cart horse, which later became the Shire horse.

Animal herding professions specialized in the 19th century to include the cowboys of theUnited States and Canada, charros and vaqueros of Mexico, gauchos and huasos of South

America, and the farmers and stockmen of Australia.

In more modern times herds are tended on horses, all-terrain vehicles, motorbikes, four-

wheel drive vehicles, and helicopters, depending on the terrain and livestock concerned.Today, herd managers often oversee thousands of animals and many staff. Farms, stationsand ranches may employ breeders, herd health specialists, feeders, and milkers to help carefor the animals.
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[edit] Techniques

Techniques such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer are frequently used today,

not only as methods to guarantee that females breed regularly but also to help improve

herd genetics. This may be done by transplanting embryos from high-quality females into

lower-quality surrogate mothers - freeing up the higher-quality mother to bereimpregnated. This practice vastly increases the number of offspring which may beproduced by a small selection of the best quality parent animals. On the one hand, this

improves the ability of the animals to convert feed to meat, milk, or fibre more efficiently,

and improve the quality of the final product. On the other, it decreases genetic diversity,increasing the severity of disease outbreaks among other risks.

shelterl tr(n.)

1. something beneath, behind, or within which one is covered or protected, as from storms ordanger; refuge.

2. the protection or refuge afforded by such a thing:3. a building serving as a temporary refuge or residence, as for homeless persons or abandoned

animals.

4. Category: Banking, Business5. (v.t.)to act as a shelter for; afford shelter to.6. to provide with a shelter; place under cover.7. to take under one's protection; protect.8. to invest (money) in a tax shelter.9. (v.i.)to take shelter; find a refuge.

Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In humans, it is thegeneral condition of a person's mind and body, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury

orpain (as in "good health" or "healthy").[1]The World Health Organization (WHO) definedhealth in its broader sense in 1946 as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."

[2][3]Although this definition has

been subject to controversy, in particular as lacking operational value and because of the

problem created by use of the word "complete", it remains the most enduring .[4][5]

Classification systems such as the WHO Family of International Classifications, includingthe International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the

International Classification of Diseases (ICD), are commonly used to define and measure the

components of health.

Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans

are undertaken by health care providers. Applications with regard to animal health arecovered by the veterinary sciences. The term "healthy" is also widely used in the context ofmany types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as

in the sense ofhealthy communities, healthy cities orhealthy environments. In addition to

health care interventions and a person's surroundings, a number of other factors are known toinfluence the health status of individuals, including their background, lifestyle, and economic

and social conditions; these are referred to as "determinants of health".
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Sheep husbandry is a subcategory ofanimal husbandry specifically dealing with the raising and

breeding ofdomestic sheep. Sheep farming is primarily based on raising lambs formeat, or

raising sheep forwool. Sheep may also be raised formilkor to sell to other farmers.

Animal care

[edit] Shelter and environment

Sheep are kept in mobs in paddocks, in pens, or in a barn. Freshly shorn hoggets can be

very susceptible to wet, windy weather and can quickly succumb to exposure. Sheep haveto be kept dry for one to two days before shearing so that the fleece is dry enough to bepressed and to protect the health of the shearers.

Poultry farming is the raising ofdomesticated birds such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese,for the purpose offarming meat or eggs forfood. Poultry are farmed in great numbers with

chickens being the most numerous. More than 50 billion chickens are raised annually as a source

of food, for both their meat and their eggs. Chickens raised for eggs are usually called laying

hens whilst chickens raised for meat are often called broilers.[1]In total, the UK alone consumesover 29 million eggs per day. In the US, the national organization overseeing poultry production

is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the UK, the national organisation is the

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra).

High qualities of pearls are obtained from pearl oysters of Genus pinctada roding.A number of species of this Genus like P. valgaris (Schumacher). P.Chemnitizi(Philippi). P.Margaritifera (Linn), P.Anomioides (Reeve). P.autropurpurea(Dunker) is common pearl forming oysters.

The whole process of pearl culture is complicated, technical and time taking andcan be managed as follows.

Collection of Oysters:

The oysters are collected from the bottom sea by trained divers. The best periodfor collection of oysters is two months in summer season.

Lac is the scarlet resinous secretion of a number of species of insects, namely some of the

species of the genera Metatachardia, Laccifer, Tachordiella, Austrotacharidia,Afrotachardina, and Tachardinaof the superfamily Coccoidea, of which the most commonly

cultivated species isKerri a lacca.

The above-mentioned families are some of the 28 families ofscale insects and mealybugs

comprising a large group of about 8,000 described species of plant sucking insects, a few ofwhich produce similar natural products (e.g., cochineal and crimson). Thousands of these tiny

insects colonize branches of suitable host trees and secrete the resinous pigment. The coated

branches of the host trees are cut and harvested as sticklac.
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The harvested sticklac is crushed and sieved to remove impurities. The sieved material is then

repeatedly washed to remove insect parts and other soluble material. The resulting product is

known as seedlac. The prefix seed refers to its pellet shape. It is used in violin and othervarnishand is soluble in alcohol. This type of lac was used in the finishing of 18th-century fowling guns

in the United States. Seedlac which still contains 3-5% impurities is processed into shellacby

heat treatment orsolvent extraction.

The leading producer of Lac is Jharkhand, followed by the Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, and

Maharashtra states of India. Lac production is also found in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand,Laos, Vietnam, parts ofChina, and Mexico.

Sericulture, orsilk farming, is the rearing ofsilkworms for the production of raw silk.

Although there are several commercial species of silkworms,Bombyx moriis the most widely

used and intensively studied. According to Confucian texts, the discovery of silk productionB.mori dates to about 2700 BC, although archaeological records point to silk cultivation as early as

the Yangshaoperiod (50003000 BCE).[1]About the first half of the 1st century AD it had

reached ancient Khotan,

[2]

and by AD 140 the practice had been established in India.

[3]

Later itwas introduced to Europe, the Mediterranean and other Asiatic countries. Sericulture has become

one of the most important cottage industries in a number of countries like China, Japan, India,

Korea, Brazil, Russia, Italy and France. Today, China and India are the two main producers,together manufacturing more than 60% of the world production each year.

The breeding, rearing, and transplantation of fish by artificial means is called pisciculture, inother words, fish farming. It is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall

under mariculture. It involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food.

A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a

species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Fish species raised by fish

farms include salmon, catfish, tilapia and cod.

Tukaram(16081645) was a prominent Varkari Sant and spiritual poet of the Bhakti. He is oftenreferred to with an honorific, Sant Tukaram.

Tukaram was born and lived most of his life in Dehu, a town close to Pune inMahrshtra,India. Kumar,

[1]Munshi,

[2]Kincaid and Parasanisa,

[3]consider him to be of the Kunbi Maratha or

agricultural tillage caste or vaani. In accordance with an Indian tradition, Tukaram's family name

is rarely used in identifying him. His real name is Tukaram Bolhoba Aambile. Rather, in accord

with another tradition in India of assigning the epithet "sant" () to persons regarded as

thoroughly saintly, Tukaram is commonly known in Maharashtra as Sant Tukaram (

). He is known asBhakta Tukaram to southern Indian people.

Scholars assign various birth years to Tukaram: 1602, 1608, 1618 and 1639 CE. The year of

Tukaram's death1650 CEis much more certain.[4]

Tukaram's first wife, Rakhumbi, died in 1602 in her early youth. Sant Tukaram and his secondwife, Jijbi (also known as vali), had three sons: Santu or Mahdev, Vithob, and Nryan.
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Dilip Purushottam Chitre, a well known Marathi Scholar, identifies Tukaram as the first modern

poet of Marathi. Chitre believes that Tukaram was the successor to Dnyaneshwarwho denied

caste hierarchy in Hindu religion and attacked rituals present in Hinduism. Tukaram has attackedalmost every form of myth existing in Hindu society during his time. He opposed the existing

system of Vedas supported chaturvarna.

Spiritual life and poetry

Tukaram is considered to be the climactic point of the ()[clarification needed] tradition, whichis thought to have begun in Maharashtra with Namdev. Dnyaneshwar, Janabai, Eknath, and

Tukaram are revered especially in the () Dharma in Maharashtra. Most informationabout the lives of the above saints of Maharashtra comes from the works Bhakti-WijayandBhakti-Leelmrut ofMahipati. Mahipati was born 65 years after the death of Tukaram,

(Tukaram having died 50 years, 300 years, and 353 years after the deaths of Ekanath,Namdev, and Dnyaneshwar, respectively.) Thus, Mahipati undoubtedly based his lifesketches of all the above "sants" primarily on hearsay.

[edit] Namdev as Guru

Tukaram accepted Sant Namdevas his Guru. One of his abhanga is proof for this.[

.... .] Namdev gave knowledge, who came along with LordVitthal in Dream of Tukaram. Sant Tukaram has also mentioned in one of his abhanga that

his sadguru's name is 'Babaji Chaitanya'. [ , ]

Mahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) was born into a Hindu Modh family in

Porbandar, Gujarat, India in 1869. He was the son of Karamchand Gandhi, the diwan (ChiefMinister) of Porbandar, and Putlibai, Karamchands fourth wife (his previous three wives had

died in childbirth), a Hindu of the Pranami Vaishnava order. Growing up with a devoutmother and surrounded by the Jain influences of Gujarat, Gandhi learned from an early agethe tenets of non-injury to living beings, vegetarianism, fasting for self-purification, andmutual tolerance between members of various creeds and sects. He was born into the

vaishya, or business, caste.

Subhash Chandra Bose (January 23, 1897 August 18, 1945?), also known asNetaji, was one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian Independence Movement

against the British Raj. Subhas Chandra Bose was born to an affluent family in Cuttack,

Orissa. His father, Janakinath Bose, was a public prosecutor who believed in orthodox

nationalism, and later became a member of the Bengal Legislative Council. His mother wasPrabhavati Bose, a remarkable example of Indian womanhood. Bose was educated at

Cambridge University. In 1920, Bose took the Indian Civil Service entrance examination and

was placed second. However, he resigned from the prestigious Indian Civil Service in April1921 despite his high ranking in the merit list, and went on to become an active member of

Indias independence movement. He joined the Indian National Congress, and was

particularly active in its youth wing. Subhas Chandra Bose felt that young militant groupscould be molded into a military arm of the freedom movement and used to further thecause. Gandhiji opposed this ideology because it directly conflicted with his policy of ahimsa
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(non-violence). The British Government in India perceived Subhas as a potential source of

danger and had him arrested without any charge on October 25, 1924. He was sent to

Alipore Jail, Calcutta and in January 25, 1925 transferred to Mandalay, Burma. He wasreleased from Mandalay in May, 1927 due to his ill health. Upon return to Calcutta, Subhaswas elected President of the Bengal Congress Committee on October 27, 1927.

Jawaharlal Nehru also called Pandit Nehru, was an important leader of the IndianIndependence Movement and the Indian National Congress, and became the first Prime

Minister of India when India won its independence on August 15, 1947. Jawaharlal Nehruwas born on November 14, 1889, to Swaroop Rani, the wife of Motilal Nehru, a wealthyAllahabad based barrister and political leader himself. He was Nehrus only son amongst

three younger daughters. The Nehru family is of Kashmiri lineage and of the Saraswat

Brahmin caste. Educated in the finest Indian schools of the time, Nehru returned fromeducation in England at Harrow, Trinity College, Cambridge and the Inner Temple to

practice law before following his father into politics. By his parents arrangement, Nehru

married Kamala Nehru, then seventeen in 1916. At the time of his wedding on 8 February1916, Jawaharlal was twenty-six, a British-educated barrister. Kamala came from a well-known business family of Kashmiris in Delhi. His father Motilal Nehru was already a

prominent figure in the Indian National Congress and had served as its president. Nehru didnot share Motilals moderate-liberal line.

Bhagat Singh (September 27, 1907 March 23, 1931) was an Indianrevolutionary, considered to be one of the most famous martyrs of theIndian freedom struggle. For this reason, he is often referred to asShaheed Bhagat Singh (the word shaheed means martyr). BhagatSingh was born into a Sikh family to Sardar Kishan Singh and Vidyavati inthe Khatkar Kalan village near Banga in the Jalandhar district of Punjab.His uncle, Sardar Ajit Singh, as well as his father, were great freedom

fighters, so Bhagat Singh grew up in a patriotic atmosphere. Ajit Singh

established the Indian Patriots Association, along with Syed Haidar Raza,to organize the peasants against the Chenab Canal Colony Bill. He alsoestablished the secret organization, the Bharat Mata Society. At an earlyage, Bhagat Singh started dreaming of uprooting the British empire.

Never afraid of fighting during his childhood, he thought of growing gunsin the fields, so that he could fight against the British. The GhadarMovement left a deep imprint on his mind. Kartar Sing Sarabha, hanged

at the age of 19, became his hero. The massacre at Jallianwala Bagh onApril 13, 1919 drove him to go to Amritsar, where he kissed the earth

sanctified by the martyrs blood and brought back home a little of the

soaked soil. He studied in the D.A.V. School in Lahore. At the age of 16,he used to wonder why so many Indians could not drive away these

fistful of invaders. In search of revolutionary groups and ideas, he metSukhdev and Rajguru.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India. Rajendra Prasadwas a great freedom-fighter, and the architect of the Indian Constitution,


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having served as President of the Constituent Assembly that drafted theConstitution of the Republic from 1948 to 1950. He had also served as aCabinet Minister briefly in the first Government of Independent India. Hewas a crucial leader of the Indian Independence Movement. Prasad wasborn in Jiradei, in the Siwan district of Bihar. His father, Mahadev Sahay,

was a Persian and Sanskrit language scholar; his mother, KamleshwariDevi, was a devout lady who would tell stories from the Ramayana to herson. At the age of 5, the young Rajendra Prasad was sent to a Maulavi for

learning Persian. After that he was sent to Chapra Zilla School for furtherprimary studies.

Lal Bahadur Shastri was the second Prime Minister of independentIndia and a significant figure in the struggle for independence. Shashtrijiwas born in Mughalsarai, in Uttar Pradesh. To take part in the non-cooperation movement of Mahatma Gandhi in 1921, he began studying at

the nationalist, Kashi Vidyapeeth in Kashi, and upon completion, he wasgiven the title Shastri, or Scholar, Doctor at Kashi Vidyapeeth in 1926. Hespent almost nine years in jail in total, mostly after the start of the

Satyagraha movement in 1940, he was imprisoned until 1946. FollowingIndias independence, he was Home Minister under Chief Minister GovindBallabh Pant of Uttar Pradesh. In 1951, he was appointed General

Secretary of the Lok Sabha before re-gaining a ministerial post asRailways Minister. He resigned as Minister following a rail disaster near

Ariyalur, Tamil Nadu. He returned to the Cabinet following the GeneralElections, first as Minister for Transport, in 1961, he became Home

Minister. After Jawaharlal Nehrus death in May 27, 1964, he became theprime minister. Shastri worked by his natural characteristics to obtaincompromises between opposing viewpoints, but in his short tenure wasineffectual in dealing with the economic crisis and food shortage in thenation.

Chandrasekhar Azad was a great Indian freedom fighter andrevolutionary thinker. Revered for his audacious deeds and fiercepatriotism, he was the mentor of Bhagat Singh, the famous Indianmartyr. Chandrasekhar Azad is considered one of the greatest Indian

freedom fighter along with Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru, Ram PrasadBismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan. Chandrasekhar Azads parents were PanditSita Ram Tiwari and Jagrani Devi. He received his early schooling inBhavra District Jhabua (Madhya Pradesh). For higher studies he went tothe Sanskrit Pathashala at Varanasi. Young Azad was one of the younggeneration of Indians when Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement. But many were disillusioned with the suspension


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of the struggle in 1922 owing to the Chauri Chaura massacre of 22policemen. Although Gandhi was appalled by the brutal violence, Azad didnot feel that violence was unacceptable in the struggle, especially in viewof the Amritsar Massacre of 1919, where Army units killed hundreds ofunarmed civilians and wounded thousands in Amritsar. Young Azad and

contemporaries like Bhagat Singh were deeply and emotionally influencedby that tragedy. As a revolutionary, he adopted the lastname Azad,which means Free in Urdu.There is an interesting story that while he

adopted the name Azad he made a pledge that the Police will nevercapture him alive. Azad and others had committed themselves toabsolute independence by any means. He was most famous for The

Kakori Rail Dacoity in 1925 and the assassination of the assistantsuperintendent of Police John Poyantz Saunders in 1928.

Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patelwas born at his maternal uncles house

in Nadiad, Gujarat. His actual date of birth was never officially recorded Patel entered October 31st as his date of birth on his matriculationexamination papers. He was the fourth son of Jhaverbhai and Ladba

Patel, and lived in the village of Karamsad, in the Kheda district.Somabhai, Narsibhai and Vithalbhai Patel (also a future political leader)were his elder brothers. He had a younger brother, Kashibhai, and a

sister, Dahiba. Patel helped his father in the fields, and bimonthly kept aday-long fast, abstaining from food and water a cultural observance

that enabled him to develop physical tougheness. He entered school late parental attention was focused on the eldest brothers, thus leading to a

degree of neglect of Patels education. Patel travelled to attend schools inNadiad, Petlad and Borsad, living self-sufficiently with other boys. He tookhis matriculation at the late age of 22; at this point, he was generallyregarded by his elder relatives as an unambitious man destined for acommonplace job. But Patel himself harbored a plan he would pass thePleaders examination and become a lawyer. He would then set asidefunds, travel to England, then train to become a barrister.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, social reformer andfreedom fighter who was the first popular leader of the Indian

Independence Movement. Tilak sparked the fire for completeindependence in Indian consciousness, and is considered the father ofHindu nationalism as well. Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it!This famous quote of his is very popular and well-remembered in Indiaeven today.


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Reverently addressed as Lokmanya (meaning Beloved of the people orRevered by the world), Tilak was a scholar of Indian history, Sanskrit,Hinduism, mathematics and astronomy. He was born on July 23, 1856, ina village near Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, into a middle class ChitpavanBrahmin family. Tilak was an avid student with a special aptitude for

mathematics. He was among Indias first generation of youth to receive amodern, college education. After graduation, Tilak began teachingmathematics in a private school in Pune and later became a journalist. He

became a strong critic of the Western education system, feeling itdemeaning to Indian students and disrespectful to Indias heritage. Heorganized the Deccan Education Society to improve the quality of

education for Indias youth. Tilak founded the Marathi daily Kesari (TheLion) which fast became a popular reading for the common people of

India.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was born on May 9, 1866, in Ratnagiri,Maharashtra, and he became one of the most learned men in India, aleader of social and political reformists and one of the earliest, founding

leaders of the Indian Independence Movement. Gokhale was a seniorleader of the Indian National Congress and the Servants of India Society.The latter was committed to only social reform, but the Congress Party in

Gokhales time was the main vehicle for Indian political representation.Gokhale was a great, early Indian champion for public education. Being

one of the first generations of Indians to receive college education,Gokhale was respected widely in the nascent Indian intellecutal

community and acoss India, whose people looked up to him as the leastelitist of educated Indians. Coming from a background of poverty,Gokhale was a real man of the people, a hero to young Indiansdiscovering the new age and the prospects of the coming 20th century;he worked amongst common Indians to encourage education, sanitationand public development. He actively spoke against ignorance, casteismand untouchability in Indian society. Gokhale was also reputed forworking for trust and friendship between Hindu and Muslim communities.

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