Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane – outer boundary

– In plants & animals

– Structure:• Phospholipid bilayer

– hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails• Contains lipids (bilayer), proteins (channels), and

carbohydrate chains (identification cards)

– Function:• Regulates what enters and leaves the cell• Semi-permeable membrane• Protection and support

• In plants and animals

• Function:– Information center

of the cell– Contains DNA

(chromatin vs. chromosomes)

– Directs/controls cell activities

Nucleus - control center

• In plants & animals

• Function:– a small,

darkened region in the nucleus that is made up of RNA and proteins

– where ribosomes are made

Nucleolus -

Mitochondria

• In plants & animals

• Structure:– Double membrane

• Cristae - inner folds, increase surface area• Outer membrane for protection of cell

• Function:– “Powerhouse” of the cell– Able to self-replicate ( # in cells with high energy need)– Releases energy from food for the organism to use

Ribosomes

• In plants & animals

• Structure:– Little “dots”– Small (25 nm) ball-like

structures – Found free-floating in

cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum

– Composed of RNA and protein

• Function:– Synthesis of proteins (where

proteins are made)

• In plants & animals

• Structure:– Network of flattened sacs– Can be rough (w/ ribosomes) or

smooth (w/o)

• Function:– Transport materials within or out of

cell – intracellular highway– Synthesis of macromolecules

• Rough - proteins, lipids, carbs• Smooth - lipids

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Lysosome

• In animals only

• Structure:– Small, circular structures– Found only in animal cells– Contain digestive enzymes

• Function:– Digestion of:

• Worn out organelles• Debris • Large ingested particles

– Lysosomes are responsible for your hands not being webbed!!

Golgi Apparatus

• In plants & animals

• Structure:– Flattened stacks of membranes– Vesicles attached to top and bottom

• Function:– Collection, modification, packaging of

proteins and other substances• Vesicles attach, deposit materials• GA modifies materials based on needs• Vesicles attach to membrane and

distribute modified substances

Vacuole

• In plants - 1 large, central• In animals – several small

• Function:– Storage of water, salts, proteins,

carbohydrates, waste products– Pressure system for plants,

prevents wilting– Special case: contractile vacuole -

prevents excess water intake, leading to cell-bursting

Cell Wall – surrounds the cell membrane

• Only in plants (& algae & some bacteria)

• Lies outside the cell membrane

• Function– Helps to protect and support

the cell – Very porous (water, oxygen,

carbon dioxide, etc. can pass through easily)

– Gives rectangular shape to plant cells

Plastids

• Only in plants

• Function:– Chloroplast - Conversion of

light energy (sun) into chemical energy (glucose/food)

– Chromoplasts – Store pigments (ex. carrot root cells, flower petals)

– Amyloplasts - Store food/starch

Cytoskeleton - framework

• In plants – microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

• In animals – all

• Function: maintains cell shape and provides internal support– Microtubules - hollow tubes of proteins, hold

organelles in place, maintain shape, act as tracks that guide organelle movement

– Intermediate filaments – rods that anchor organelles in place

– Microfilaments – long & threadlike, used for cell movement

– Cilia – short, hairlike projections used for cell movement

– Flagella – long, taillike projections used for movement– Centrioles – organize microtubules during cell division

Who Am I? (quick review)

• I stated all plants are made of cells• I stated all cells come from the division of

preexisting cells • I coined the term “cell” when I looked at

slices of cork and dead plant cells • I am given credit for developing the 1st

mini microscope and I looked at pond water and made detailed drawings

• I discovered all animals are made of cells

• List 3 organelles you learned about today.

• Describe the function of each of the organelles you listed.

• Yes, you should write your name on the paper