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Cell Structures and Organelles
Cell Membrane
Found: All Cells
Location: Outer part of the cell
Structure: Phospholipid bilayer
Fluid, flexibleFunction/ Purpose: Hold in the cell parts and
controls what enters and leaves the cell
Animal cell Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Cell WallFound: Plant cell and
Prokaryotes
Located: outside of the cell membrane.
Structure: Rigid cellulose
Function: Protects the cell and helps maintain its shape
Animal cell Plant Cell
Cell wall: Along the perimeter.
Cytoplasm (Cytosol)
It is found in ALL cells
Location: Takes up the space between the nucleus and the
cell membrane. Fills in the cell
Structure: Thick fluid
Function: To hold space between organelles.
Animal cell Plant Cell
NucleusFound: Plant cell and Animal cell
(Eukaryotes ONLY)
Location: Animal cells- CENTERPlant cells- Off to the corner
Structure: Membrane bound circle- Surrounded by envelope
Contains Nucleolus and chromatin
Function: control cell process and contains DNA
Nuclear Envelope
Found: Plant cell and Animal cell
Location: surrounding the nucleus
Structure: Double membrane dotted with thousand of nuclear pores
Function: controls flow of the nucleus into and out of the cell
Nucleolus
Found: Plant cell and Animal cell
Location: middle of the nucleus
Structure: small and dense
Function: where ribosomes are made
Chromatin
Found: All Cells
Location: floating in the nucleus
Structure: DNA bound to proteins
Function: Genetic material
Animal cell Plant Cell
Nuclear envelope nucleus
NucleolusChromatin
Nucleolus
chromatin
Nuclear Envelope
Nucleus
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Found: Plant and Animal cells
Location: In the cell’s cytoplasm, just outside the
nucleusStructure: Interconnected tubes. Doesn’t contain any
ribosomesFunction: Synthesis and transportation of lipidsDetoxifies substances
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Found: Plant and Animal cells
Location: In the cell’s cytoplasm, just outside the nucleus
Structure: Interconnected tubes coated with ribosomes
Function: Is the main site of protein synthesis and
transportation
Animal cell Plant Cell
Rough ERSmooth ER
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Ribosome
Found: Found in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Location: All around the cell close and far from nucleus and on the
rough ER
Structure: A tiny round object
Function/ Purpose: Site of protein synthesis
Animal cell Plant CellRibosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Structure:Stack of Flattened sac/ tubesCan break off sections to move
around the cellFunction:
Sorts, modifies, and packages proteins for use within the cell or export outside the cell
Found: Both plant and animal cells
Location: Found in the cytoplasm, generally near the ER
Plant CellAnimal Cell
Golgi Apparatus
LysosomesFound: Animal cell and plant cell(rare) Located: Throughout the cellStructure: Bag filled with enzymesFunction: Digests materials (nutrients, old
organelles, bacteria)Suicide cell: If cell is bad, will burst on purpose
so enzymes consume the cell
Plant CellAnimal Cell
Lysosome
Vacuole
Found: In both plant and animal
Location: Large center in plants, small and scattered in animals
Structure: Simple membrane sac
Function/ Purpose: They store food, water, and variety of nutrients Sometimes they store waste
products
Animal cell Plant CellVacuole
Cytoskeleton
Found: Plant cells and Animal cells, some Prokaryotes
Location: Throughout the cell
Structure: Network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape
Function/ Purpose: Provides an important structural frame work for cell shape
Centrioles
Found: Animal Cells ONLY
Location: Near nucleus
Structure: Small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way
Function: Help with cell division
Animal cell Plant Cell
cytoskeleton
centrioles
Cilia
Found: Animal cells
Location: Outside the Cell
Structure: Tiny hair like structures
Function/ Purpose: Move liquid past the surface of the cell
Flagella
Found: Animal cells and some Prokaryotes
Location: Outside the Cell
Structure: Tail like structure
Function/ Purpose: Whipping motion - propeller
Animal cell Plant Cell
Flagella
Chloroplasts
Found: Plant cell ONLY
Location: Inside of the cell
Structure: surrounded by two membranes inside are large stacks of other membranes, which contain
the green pigment chlorophyllFunction/ Purpose: capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process
called photosynthesis
Animal cell Plant Cell
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Found: Plant cell and Animal cell
Location: Throughout the cellStructure: Outer and Inner membrane separated by matrix. Folds of inner membrane are called
cristae.Function/ Purpose: produces the energy currency of the cell, ATP and regulates cellular metabolism.
Animal cell Plant Cell