Angiosperms: Flowering plants

Angiosperms: Flowering plantsI. Characteristics of Angiosperms (Division

Anthophyta)A. Presence of complete or incomplete flowersB. Monocotyledonous or Dicotyledonous

developmentC. Xylem and Phloem well defined within

monocot or dicot arrangements.D. Presence of herbaceous or woody stems with

monocot or dicot arrangement.E. Woody stems containing spring and summer

wood.F. Presence of a pulpy or hard fruit that

contains the developing embryonic structure of sporophytic nature, which arises from the gametophyte during the alternation of generations.

Male flowers

Female Flowers Magnified

Female Flowers

II. Angiosperms’ Evolutionary Timeline

A. Angiosperms arose during the Mesozoic era, according to the fossil record

B. During the disappearance of the greatest concentration of cycadeoids, angiosperms began differentiating and becoming more numerous during the end of the era.

C. They continued to spread and further differentiated as animal pollinators became adapted to specific angiosperm species.

D. This continued with the greater diversity of animal

differentiation as it evolved simultaneously.

III. Parts of a Flower

III. Parts of a Flower..(Cont.)A. Petals – showy part of the flowerB. Sepals – green bud covering over

flowerC. Stamen – male part of the flower

1. Anther – pollen head2. Filament – stalk that holds up the

antherD. Pistil - female part of the flower

1. Stigma – platform where pollen lands

2. Style – stalk that holds up the stigma

3. Ovary – contains the ovulesE. Ovule – structure which develops

into embryos in the form of seeds

Stamens from an Amaryllis

Anther

Filament

Stigma

Style

Ovary (Squash)

Female Flower Parts

Typical Fruits

Apple Orange

Tomato Pepper

More Fruits you probably didn’t suspect! Cashe

wWalnutChestnu

t

Acorn

Okra

Squash

Corn

Cucumber

Even More Fruits!

Fruit

Stem

The Stem attaches the flower and then the fruit to the branch it develops on.

Monoc0ts vs. DicotsMonocots Dicots

1. Flower parts in multiples of 3

2. Parallel venation

3. Vascular bundles arranged throughout stem

4. One cotyledon (seed leaf)

Flower parts : Multiples of 4 or 5

Net venation

Vascular bundles mostly around edge of stem

Two cotyledons (seed leaves)

How many petals here?

Three!

How many petals here?

Five!

Typical monocots

1. Lily

2. Grasses

3. Palm Trees

4. Wheat

5. Orchids

1. Oaks

2. Roses

3. Buttercups

4. Hibiscus

5. Red Maple

Typical dicots