Middle Ages

• Analyze the significance of the Crusades on Europe

• Evaluate the effects of the Great Schism on Europe

• Analyze the effects of the Black Death on European Society

• Evaluate the changes to medieval beliefs created by the Hundred Years War

• Holy Land lost• Atrocities from War

– By Christians and Muslims– Many victims– Jews killed in Europe and Holy Land

• Increased trade between…– Desire to trade

with…• Wider

Worldview…

• As the Middle Ages progressed, who gained more and more power?? –Kings!!!

• 1199-12165. Lousy King who makes 3

mistakes– Loses land in France– Interdicted by Pope Innocent

III over archbishop of Canterbury selection

– 1215, angers nobles with new taxes…

6. Nobles force John to sign…

• Gave rights first to nobles– Later to church– Later to common

people• Who lost power?

– King must obey the law

– King cannot tax without consulting GREAT COUNCIL• includes nobles and

clergy…sounds like?

• American Revolution famous line?

7. King vs Pope Tug of War– French King

Philip IV – Pope Boniface

VIII

• Story starts in 1302 with Philip IV wanting to tax French clergy (tug-tug)

• Philip IV and Pope Boniface fight back and forth

• What is Pope Boniface’s biggest weapon?– Excommunication or

Interdiction• What is King Philip

IV’s biggest weapon?– Military force!!

• sends troops to Rome and captures Boniface!!

• Boniface set free but dies 1 month later

• Schism means…• 1377…Pope Gregory XI

moves back to Rome• 1378…All of the

Cardinals elect an Italian, Pope Urban VI…– Stays in Rome– French Cardinals felt

pressured to vote for an Italian

• French Cardinals meet to vote for 2nd Pope…– Clement VII– TWO Popes at same

time…the Split happens

• Black Eye for the Catholic Church w/European Society– Why?

• Many begin to question & create new ideas/religions– Marsilius of Padua– William of Ockham– Others? (2)– Think ripple effect…what

will be next?

• Title = USA pandemic

• If 100 Million people died from a disease in the United States this year, how would you react? What do you think would happen to American society, government, etc?

• 1347-1353-….11. Before the Black

Death came…– 1000-1300 pop 2x– Famines

• Superstrain brought to Europe by Mongolians

• First thing people did was…– Question

“why did this happen?”

– What were the answers that came up?

• Gov…• Church…

– How did it do?

– Effects?• People begin

to question…

• Whipped themselves to repent sins to angry God…– where are

they from?

• “Dance of Death”– What does art like this say about Death?

• fled to countryside• blissed out (alcohol and orgies)

• Jews– Accused of poisoning wells– many massacred

• If 100 Million people died from a disease in the United States this year, how would you react? What do you think would happen to American society, government, etc?

• What is the big lesson here?

14. Basics– Why is it begin

fought?– Who is winning

for most of it?– Who wins in the

end?

• 1412-1431

• Her impact?

• Her ending?

• Charles does not rescue her

15. Why is thewar a big deal?

Middle Ages