Summer Training Project

Analysis of import and export data of the industries and companies

Project Guide: Submitted by;

………………… ………………..Business Development Executive PGDM

Teacher name. m.d university

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Executive Summary..........................................................32. India’s Foreign Trade an Overview................................53. Structure of Indian Industry...........................................8a) Tea and Coffee...................................................................10b) Sugar...................................................................................12c) Tobacco..............................................................................15d) Beverage.............................................................................16e) Leather................................................................................18f) Gems & Jewellery..............................................................20g) Cement................................................................................22h) Textile.................................................................................24i) Iron & Steel........................................................................26j) Aluminum & Copper..........................................................27k) Machinery...........................................................................28l) Plastic.................................................................................29m) Organic and In-Organic Chemical......................................31n) Fertilizer.............................................................................32o) Pharmaceutical...................................................................33p) Cosmetic.............................................................................34q) Electronic Goods................................................................354. Findings.............................................................................395. Bibliography......................................................................436. Annexure...........................................................................44

a) Table 1: Export of India Country-wise for the year 2003-04 and 2004-05

b) Table 2: Export of India Country-wise for the year 2005-06 and 2006-07 up to September

c) Table 3: Import of India Country-wise for the year 2003-04 and 2004-05

d) Table 4: Import of India Country-wise for the year 2005-06 and 2006-07 up to September

3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

For decades after independence in 1947, India embarked on a program of autarky (national economic self-sufficiency) which included import substitution policies. By 1991, however, a sluggish economy combined with the forces of globalization led to a more open Indian economy. There was simultaneously a gradual rise in exports, imports, foreign direct investment (FDI), and overall economic growth. In the 1990s, exports of goods and services rose from 6.2 percent to 8.2 percent of total output. By the end of the decade, however, growth in exports began to level off due to reduced international demand, especially with India's main economic partners, the United States and the European Union (EU). Indian exports were further hit by serious competition from east Asian countries, which had recently experienced depreciated domestic currencies, which led to a decline in global prices for their manufactured goods. As a result, exports of Indian textiles, chemicals, machinery, electronic goods, and automotive parts all began to decline.

As compared to a couple of decades earlier, however, the size of India's foreign trade has noticeably expanded, both in absolute terms and relative to the country's GDP. Exports have again picked up since 1999, when they showed a 13 percent growth. Imports have also ballooned, showing an average of 20 percent growth per year during 1992-2000. Total exports in 2001 are expected to be near US$46 billion and total imports at US$51 billion. Petroleum constitutes the largest import item at more than US$6 billion and accounts for 14 percent of total imports in 1999. Petroleum imports may be as high as US$17 billion in 2001. Gems and jewelry constitute the single largest export item, accounting for 16 percent of exports and earning about US$4.5 billion in 1999. The top 3 export destinations of Indian goods were the United States, Britain, and Germany, which together constituted one-third of total Indian exports in 1999. In turn, the top 3 import sources were the United States, Britain, and Belgium, together constituting 21 percent of total imported items.

Indian economy grew in 2006/07 at a pace that was stronger than most had expected. The surge (of 20 per cent plus) in merchandise imports has continued into its fifth year. Although merchandise exports have also grown at a similar pace, given that imports are considerably larger than exports, the merchandise trade deficit has continued to expand. In 2005/06 the merchandise trade deficit rose to (US) $46 billion, compared to $14 billion a couple of years ago (2003/04).

It is estimated that in 2006/07, merchandise exports will increase to $126 billion and imports to $186 billion, thereby leaving merchandise trade deficit of $60 billion. These estimates are compatible with the data releases of the Director General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics (DGCI&S).

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Export

Industry-wise data for April-December 2006 revealed that exports of primary products and manufactured products recorded a moderation in growth, while, petroleum products maintained the growth momentum. Engineering goods, which accounted for 34.9 per cent of manufactured exports, continued to remain as the growth driver of exports.

The moderation in the exports of primary products during April-December 2006 was due to the decline in the exports of iron ore and cashew and also the deceleration in wheat, rice and marine products. At the same time, exports of traditional agricultural products such as sugar, raw cotton, tea, coffee, tobacco, spices and oil meal registered strong growth.

In the manufactured exports, with the exception of engineering goods, all the other major items (chemicals, gems and jewellery and textiles) showed a moderation in export growth. Engineering goods recorded a growth of 38.0 per cent during April-December 2006 (33.4 per cent a year ago) mainly due to the strong export performance of machinery and instruments, and iron and steel. These two items together contributed to 46 per cent of the growth in the exports of engineering goods. The US, the UAE, Germany and Italy were the major markets for these products.

Gems and jeweler exports recorded a marginal growth (0.4 per cent) during April-December 2006 as against 19.7 per cent registered a year ago. Exports of chemicals and related products showed a deceleration in growth during April-December 2006.

Import

India’s merchandise imports posted a growth of 27.8 per cent during April-February 2006-07 (32.7 per cent a year ago) with the imports of petroleum, oil and lubricants (POL) showing some moderation, while non-oil imports maintained the growth momentum.

Industry-wise analysis shows that the imports of capital goods during April-December 2006 at 36.2 per cent showed a moderation in growth (41.0 per cent in the corresponding period a year ago). However, within the capital goods, electrical machinery and electronic goods maintained high growth. Exports of ‘mainly export related items’ showed a decline during April-December 2006 with imports of chemicals, and textile yarn showing a deceleration in growth and pearls, precious and semi-precious stones and cashew nuts registering a decline.

Source-wise, China was the major source of imports during April-December 2006, accounting for 9.4 per cent of total imports, followed by Saudi Arabia (7.6 per cent), the US (5.7 per cent), UAE (4.8 per cent) and Iran (4.2 per cent). Region-wise imports from OPEC countries showed marked rise during April-December 2006, mainly reflecting imports of POL (for the previous year, country-wise break up of oil imports was not furnished by DGCI&S).

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India’s Foreign Trade an Overview

Whole world has recognized India as super power of 21st century. India is youngest county in the world growing a rate of more than 8 percent. Large population of India provides market to the countries of the world. At the same time it provides opportunities to India in terms of extracting the potentials of its manpower and other resources to emerge as real super power. India's foreign trade should also reflect her potentials to emerge as a super power

A merchandise export of India is continuously growing as the figure 1.1 shows a (CAGR) of 26% in FY2006 from FY2002 and same the merchandise import also has shown the (CAGR) of 29%. In the FY2002 the merchandise export of India was US $ 44 billion and in the FY2006 it is US $ 142 billion, and merchandise import has shown an increase of US $ 91 billion from the FY2002 to FY2006.India’s total trade turnover has also increase by US $ 50 billion.1

Figure 1.1

1 Exim Bank of India, www.eximbank.com

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Export

Major part of India’s export goes to USA followed by United Arab Emirate and China as shown in figure 1.2. In the FY2006 India export to USA of US $ 17,353.06 Million and having a share of 17% of total India’s export (table a) and China with 8.3% share at the second place.2

Figure1.2 Chart shows the major exporting countries of India3

Country 2004-05%Share

2005-06%share

U S A 16.4788 16.8328

U ARAB EMTS 8.7961 8.3342

CHINA 6.7227 5.2626

SINGAPORE 4.7891 6.5565

HONG KONG 4.4194 4.9076

U K 4.4066 4.3373

GERMANY 3.3833 3.4786

BELGIUM 3.0043 2.4435

ITALY 2.7365 2.7852

JAPAN 2.5473 1.4811

Table a: Table shows the share of countries in India’s total export

2 Director General of Foreign Trade, www.dgft.delhi.nic3 DGCI&S, Kolkatta

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Import

USA is the biggest importer for India, UAE and Germany are at second and third place respectively. In Figure 1.3 Import from USA was US $ 9,454 million in FY2006.4

Figure 1.3 Chart showing the major import of India

USA holds the major share in India’s total import i.e. 6.5%.as shown in figure 1.4.

Figure 1.4 Chart showing the share of countries in Indian import

4 www.dgft.delhi.nic.in

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Structure of Indian Industry

Indian industry is classified as per the Ministry of Commerce, GOI in the HS (Harmonized system) code with 17 section and 99 chapters and Indian commodities are classified as Principal Commodities.5

Table 1: Principal Commodities of India are: Export Import

PLANTATION BULK IMPORTS Tea Cereals & Preparations Coffee Rice AGRI & ALLIED PRODUCTS Wheat Cereal Other cereals Rice Preparations Wheat Fertilizers

Others Crude

Pulses Sulphur & Un-roasted pyrites Tobacco Manufactured Unmanufactured Edible Oil Manufactured Sugar Spices Pulp & waste paper Nuts & Seeds Paper board & mfrs Cashew inclusive CSNL Newsprint Sesame & Niger seed Crude rubber Ground nut Non-ferrous metals Oil Meals Metalliferrous ores & products Guergum Meal Iron & Steel Castor Oil Petroleum crude & products

ShellacPEARLS, PRECIOUS & SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES

Sugar & Molasses MACHINERY Processed Foods Machine Tools Fresh Fruits & Vegetables Machinery other than electrical Fruits/Vegetable seeds Electrical machinery Processed & misc. processed items Transport equipment Meat & Preparations PROJECT GOODS Poultry & Dairy Products OTHERS Floriculture Products Cashew Nuts Spirit & Beverages Fruits & Nuts MARINE PRODUCTS Wool raw ORES & MINERALS Silk raw Iron ore Synthetic .®.fibers Mica Pulses Processed Minerals Raw Hides & Skins Other ores & minerals Leather Coal Coal,coke&briquettes LEATHER & MNFRS Non-metallic minerals, manufacture . Footwear Other crude minerals Leather & mfrs Organic Inorganic chemicals. GEMS & JEWELER Dyeing, tanning material. SPORTS GOODS Medicinal & Pharma products. CHEMICALS & RELATED PRODUCTS Artf.resins, etc. 

5 A book on Indian Trade and Industry Classification by Kumar & Garg

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Basic chemicals, Pharma & cosmetics Chemical products   Plastics & Linoleum Other Textile yarn, fabrics, etc   Rubber, glass & other products Manufactures of metals    Residual chemicals allied products Profile. instruments, etc. ENGINEERING GOODS Electronic goods  Machinery Wood and wood products   Machine tools Gold & Silver  Machinery & Instruments Tea Transport equipments Woolen Yarn and Fabrics Iron & Steel Cotton yarn and fabrics Iron & Steel Bar rod etc Man made f'mnt spun yarn Primary & semi-finished iron & steel Made up textile articles Other Engineering Items Ready made garments (wov.) Ferro Alloys Silk yarn and fabrics Aluminum other than products Milk & Cream Non ferrous metals Spices Manufacture of metals Oil seeds Residual Engineering items Jute raw ELECTRONIC GOODS Woolen & Cotton rags Electronics Veg. & animal fats Computer Software in physical form Cotton raw and waste PROJECT GOODS Essential oils & Casper TEXTILES Cement Readymade garments Computer Soft. physical form Cotton, yarn, fabrics, made-ups etc Other Commodities Manmade textiles & made-ups etcNatural Silk textilesWool & woolen mfrsCoir & coir mfrsJute mfrsHANDICRAFTSCARPETSHand-made excl silkMill-made excl silkSilk carpetsCOTTON RAW INCL WASTEPETROLEUM PRODUCTSUNCLASSIFIED EXPORTS

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Tea and Coffee Industry in India

The tea industry has an important and special place in the Indian economy. Tea is the country's primary beverage, with almost 85% of total households in the country consuming tea. India is the world's largest producer and consumer of tea, with India accounting for 27% of the world tea production. India's expenditure on beverages and processed foods accounts for 8% of food expenditure in rural areas, and 15% in urban areas. India is also an important tea exporter, accounting for around 12-13% of world tea exports. Further, certain varieties of tea (for example Darjeeling) are grown only in India and are in great demand across the world. All Darjeeling teas possess the lightness of flavors and fine coloring that set them apart from all other teas.

India's tea industry exports were estimated at US $ 905.11 million during FY2006, accounting for 0.4% of India’s exports. In value terms, tea ranks as the fourth-largest agricultural product export item from India, with exports of around US$410 million in 2004. In terms of employment, the tea industry employs around 1.27 million people at tea plantations and 2 million people indirectly, of which 50% are women. The last fact is particularly important when we consider that tea industry, to a large extent, drives the economies of the regions where the tea gardens are concentrated, for example Assam.

Tea is the prime beverage consumed in India, and private final consumption expenditure (PFCE) on tea, coffee and cocoa aggregated Rs. 134.96 billion in FY2005, accounting for around 2% of India's PFCE on food, and 0.7% of India's PFCE. The latest available data indicates that tea accounts for 90.6% for India's consumption of stimulants (tea, coffee, and cocoa beans), followed by coffee (7.7%), and cocoa beans (1.7%).

Year Value in US $ Million Volume Qty in thousands

2003-04 716.32 566,660.19

2004-05 828.89 638,823.25

2005-06 905.11 628,617.75

2006 up to Sep.

591.74 383,254.63

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Table 2: Showing the Export of Tea and Coffee Industry from India in past years

Figure 1.6 Showing the India’s export of Tea and Coffee in value

Above chart showing the continuous increase in export of tea and coffee in value from India in last three years and forecasting is also reflecting the same. And figure 1.6 shows the export in volume.

Figure 1.7 Showing the India’s export of Tea and Coffee in Volume

In spite of accounting for around 27% of world's tea production, India accounts for only 12% of world's tea exports. India's international competitiveness in tea exports has been on a decline. From being a pre-eminent supplier of the world's tea, India has lost ground in virtually every export market. In the early 1980s, Indian tea exports accounted for around 40% of the domestic production. By the end of 1980s, the share of the tea exports fell to 30%. The decline continued till 1994 when exports accounted for only 20% of the domestic production of tea. Thereafter, the proportion of exports improved to around 24% of the domestic production during 2003.

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In recent years, the tea industry has accounted for a declining share of gross bank credit (GBC) of scheduled commercial banks (SCBs). With GBC of Rs. 13.55 billion in March 2005, the tea industry accounted for 0.37% of industry GBC of SCBs in March 2005, as compared with 1.08% in March 1995.

Sugar Industry in India

Sugar is a prime requirement of the diet in every household in India, accounting for around 5.5% of India’s private final consumption expenditure (PFCE) on food, and 2% of India’s PFCE. In terms of PFCE, the share of sugar and gur (solidified cane juice) in total food expenditure remained at around 6-7% during the 1980s and 1990s. The share declined sharply during FY2004 because of significant decline in sugar prices.

With an estimated production of 18.6 mt in sugar year or (Sugar Year) SY2006 (sugar year is from October-September), India is the second largest sugar producer in the world (after Brazil), accounting for around 10-12% of world’s sugar production. Sugar is India’s second largest agro-processing industry.

In recent years, the sugar sector has accounted for a declining share of gross bank credit (GBC) of scheduled commercial banks (SCBs), largely because of decline in credit during FY2005. With GBC of Rs. 60.30 billion in March 2005, the sugar industry accounted for 1.65% of industry GBC of SCBs in March 2005, as compared with 1.91% in March 2000.

India’s sugarcane and sugar production is expected to increase in SY2006 because of a 10.3% increase in acreage under sugarcane—from 3.8 million ha in 2004 to 4.1 million ha in 2005. UP accounts for more than 50% of the sugarcane average, 47% of sugarcane production, and 40% of sugar production. Thus, India’s sugar production declined in SY2002, SY2004, and SY2005 because of deficient monsoon conditions in East and West UP, and a decline in area under sugarcane in these regions.

India’s total consumption of sugar has increased steadily despite fluctuations in production. Sugar consumption during SY2005 was estimated at around 19.6 mt. Consumption has increased at a 5-year compound average growth rate (CAGR) of 4.8%. Consumption increased at a 5-year CAGR of 5.2% during 1995-2000. Sugar consumption is expected to increase at around 4.5% during SY2006-07, because of strong economic growth, higher population, improved domestic supplies, and increased demand for sugar from the beverages sector.6

India was the world’s second largest producer of sugar during 2005-06. Although the raw material cost (estimated to account for 75% of the operating cost of the sugar manufacturers) is regulated in the Indian sugar industry, scale economies do have the potential of affecting the operating cost structures of sugar manufacturers.

6 www.icra.in

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Figure 1.8 Showing Export of Sugar in Volume

India’s sugar exports are expected to decline during FY2007 because of the July 2006 notification by the GoI to ban sugar exports till March 2007. The ban would, however, not be applicable to sugar exports on preferential quota to the US and the EU. Sugar exports to the US and the EU would be permitted only through the Indian Sugar Exim Corporation Ltd.

Figure 1.8 Showing the Export of Sugar in Value

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Figure1.9 Showing the Import of sugar in Volume

India’s sugar imports declined significantly during FY2001-03 because of rising domestic availability and increase in customs duties. However, imports increased during FY2004 and FY2005, because of lower domestic supply. In order to augment sugar stocks for 2004-05 and enable the Government to meet the normative 3 months consumption requirement of the country, the Advance License (AL) Scheme was liberalized for raw sugar import, in as much as the imported raw sugar under AL can be now processed into white sugar, sold in the domestic market, and allowing such importers to fulfill export obligation within 24 months period or such extended period as allowed by exporting indigenously manufactured white sugar.7

Figure 1.10 Showing the Import of Sugar in Value

7 DGCI&S, GOI

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Tobacco Industry in India

The tobacco industry estimates that globally, 33 million people are engaged in tobacco cultivation. However, this figure includes not only farmers who rely entirely on tobacco, but also farmers who grow other crops besides tobacco, seasonal laborers, family members and other part-time workers. Of these 33 million, approximately 15 million are in China and 3.5 million in India.

Although tobacco is grown in more than 100 countries, just four countries (Brazil, China, India and the United States) account for two-thirds of total global production and only two countries, Malawi and Zimbabwe, are significantly dependent on export earnings from tobacco.1 Out of the 141 countries that export tobacco, only 18 derive more than one percent of their total export earnings from tobacco. In only four of those 18 countries do tobacco exports account for more than five percent of total export earnings. Export of tobacco from India has increase in the FY2005 and FY2006 after the decline in the FY2004.

Figure 1.11 Showing the Volume of Tobacco Exported

Figure 1.12 Showing the value of Tobacco Exported

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Beverage Industry in India

Food and Beverages segment as compared to the previous year based on the estimates made by the industry and interaction with the concerned representatives in the industry. The industry is estimated to have achieved higher growth of 8 per cent in 2004-05 with an estimated figure of Rs. 3584 billion. The overall industry has achieved a growth rate of 8 % in value terms during 2004-05.

Beverage industry’s export of India is growing with the rate of 13-16% p.a. as shown in the table b. Both in the term of volume and value it is becoming the important to the Indian economy

Table b: Showing the Export of Indian Beverage Industry over the last few years

Figure 1.13 showing the export of Indian Beverage Industry in volume

YearValue in US $

MillionVolume Qty in

thousands2003 27.22 35,092.86

2004 31.63 40,792.45

2005 58.32 83,541.51

2006 up to Sep. 30.09 38,035.38

010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000

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2003 2004 2005 2006 uptoSep.

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Export of Beverage from India

Beverage

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Some sectors which have recorded Moderate and single digit growth are – Food & Beverage (8%) , Bread (7.5%), Bread/ Organized (8%) , Culinary products/Snackfood(8%),Fruits and vegetables(5%) , Milk and Dairy products (4.5%), Milk (4.5) , Milk liquid /packaged(5%), Milk Products(8%), Milk powder including infant milk(7%), Ghee(5.5%),Cheese/ Panner(8%) , Chocolates (8%), Sugar Confectionary/Gums(4%) , Health Beverages/Malted Food(8%) , Tea (7%) .

Figure 1.14 Showing the export of Beverage Industry in value

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Leather Industry in India

The global leather industry is valued at about US$ 85 billion. Most of the producing countries are developing countries, while developed markets such as the US are major consumers of leather products China and Italy are the leading producing and exporting nations in the world with exports worth US$ 19 billion and US$ 13 billion respectively. India, with an output of US$ 4 billion and exports of US$ 2.4 billion, is placed third.

India has a 2.32 per cent share in the global leather trade and ranks eighth in the world in terms of the country’s foreign exchange earnings from the industry. The composition of exports has also been changing, with more and more value added products being exported. In 2004-05, for example, value added finished products constituted around 80 per cent of the total exports from the industry. India has plans to double its leather exports over the next 5 years. It has been estimated that India has the capacity to meet nearly 10 per cent of global leather requirement.

The Indian leather industry comprises the following key sub-sectors - tanning and finishing, footwear, footwear components, leather garments and leather goods and accessories. A large part (nearly 60-65 per cent) of the production is done by the small/cottage sector.

Leather and leather products production is centred in southern, northern and eastern India. Key production units are located in Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana and Delhi. Tamil Nadu is the biggest leather exporter in the country with the south accounting for 43 per cent of the country’s share. The industry uses primarily indigenous natural resources with little dependence on imported resources.

Figure 1.15 Showing the Export of Leather Industry of India in Value

0200400600800

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Figure 1.16 Showing the Total Export of India’s Leather Industry in volume

In the above charts we can see the export of leather industry is varying in both the volume and value, but in the value term it is increasing in a constant manner and volume-wise it will fluctuate in the future also.

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Gems and Jewellery Industry in India

The two major segments of the GJ business in India are gold jewellery and diamond jewellery. While a predominant portion of gold jewellery manufactured in India is for domestic consumption, a predominant portion of rough, uncut diamonds processed in India in the form of either polished diamonds or finished diamond jewellery is exported. Preference for gold dominates the domestic jewellery demand. The domestic demand for gold jewellery is estimated at Rs. 390 billion in 2005, accounting for an estimated 80% of the Indian jeweler market of Rs. 490 billion. The balance comprises diamond jewellery (Rs. 80 billion), and other fabricated jewellery (Rs. 20 billion).

The GJ industry has an important role in the Indian economy. While a predominant portion of gold jeweler manufactured in India is for domestic consumption, a predominant portion of rough, uncut diamonds processed in the form of either polished diamonds or finished diamond jewellery is exported. With an estimated consumption of 722 tonnes during calendar year or CY2005 (including jewellery consumption of 587 tonnes), India is the largest consumer of gold in the world. India is also estimated to hold nearly 14,000 tonnes of gold, accounting for nearly 9% of the world's cumulative mine production. Apart from its historical religious significance, gold is valued as an important savings and investment vehicle.

The bulk of the Indian GJ exports comprise import of rough diamonds, cutting and polishing in India, and re-export. As per data released by the Gems & Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC), cut & polished diamonds (CPDs) accounted for 71.1% of India's GJ exports of Rs. 733 billion during FY2006, followed by gold jewellery (23.2%), rough diamonds (3.4%), and others (2.3%). Thus, two items-CPDs and gold jewellery-account for around 95% of India's GJ exports.

With the increase in exports in recent years, the GJ industry has also accounted for an increased share of gross bank credit (GBC) of scheduled commercial banks (SCBs). With GBC of Rs. 198.66 billion in March 2006, the industry accounted for 3.61% of industry GBC of SCBs in March 2006, as compared with 2.7% in March 2000.

Figure 1.17 Showing the export of Gems and Jewellery in value

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Figure 1.18 Showing the export of Gems and Jeweler in Volume

Figure 1.16 and 1.17 shows the export of Gems and Jewellery from the FY2003, in spite of being a precious commodity its export has decline in past few years in term of volume but value is increasing in the same manner as volume is decreasing. This decrease in volume is of in these years diamond is exported maximum as compared with other stones and gold, and diamond is much costly than other stones and gold.

Future growth in gold jewellery business is likely to driven by increased exports to US and other markets, and domestic consumption. Although domestic consumption has increased in 2003-05, consumption per capita is still very low, reflecting the high proportion of the rural population and the social infrastructure of the country (the rural population accounts for approximately 65-70% of domestic gold demand).

Although exports of gold jewellery have increased from Rs. 52.20 billion during FY2001 to Rs. 170.15 billion during FY2006, the export business has been constrained by an inability to compete in global markets on basis of price and superior design capabilities.

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Cement Industry in India

The cement industry has witnessed substantial reorganization of capacities during the last couple of years. Some examples of the consolidation witnessed during the recent past include: Gujarat Ambuja taking a stake of 14% in ACC; Gujarat Ambuja taking over DLF Cements and Modi Cement; India Cement taking over Raasi Cement and Sri Vishnu Cement; Grasim's acquisition of the cement business of L&T; Indian Rayon's cement division merging with Grasim; Grasim taking over Sri Dig Vijay Cements; L&T taking over Narmada Cements; ACC taking over IDCOL.

Cement has been one of the most important areas of operations for the Indian private sector. Unlike much of heavy industry and utilities, cement was not deemed to be the exclusive preserve of the State sector in the post-independence development strategy. Cement was also the industry of choice of many corporate diversifying away from the troubled traditional areas of jute and textiles.

Over the years, the share of the public sector in cement production has declined. While the private sector (large companies) accounts for around 95% of the total installed capacity, the share of public sector companies has declined from a level of 11% in FY1996 to around 4.4% in FY2006. The share in production of the public sector companies is even lower at 1.2% in FY2006 as compared to 6.5% in FY1996.

The cement industry accounts for approximately 1.3% of GDP and employs over 0.14 million people. It is a significant contributor to the revenue collected by both the central and state governments through excise and sales taxes. For example, central excise collections from cement industry aggregated Rs. 45.23 billion in FY2005 and accounted for 4.3% of total excise revenue collected by the government. Cement has consistently figured among the top 5-7 commodities. It is a heavily taxed commodity and the duties amount to around 30% of the selling price of cement.

India is the second largest producer of cement in the world. In 2005, India produced 142 mt of cement, accounting for 6.4% of global production of 2.22 billion tonnes. India is the second largest producer-behind China (1,000 mt), but ahead of the US (99 mt) and Japan (66 mt). India's cement industry-both installed capacity and actual production-has grown significantly over the past three decades, with production increasing at an average rate of 8.1% per year between 1981 and 2004-05.

In recent years, the cement sector has accounted for a declining share of gross bank credit (GBC) of scheduled commercial banks (SCBs), largely because of decline in credit during FY2004. With GBC of Rs. 61.12 billion in March 2005, the cement industry accounted for 1.67% of industry GBC of SCBs in March 2005, as compared with 1.81% in March 2000.

The Indian cement industry exported around 6 mt of cement during FY2006, accounting for around 4% of the total production. There has been a significant year on year variation in the export trend, implying that Companies rely on cement exports to balance out the domestic demand supply situation.

23

Because of increased overseas demand, cement exports increased from 4.07 mt in FY2005 to 6.01 mt during FY2006. However, increased domestic demand resulted in clinker exports declining from 5.99 mt to 3.18 mt.

Figure 1.19 showing the export of Cement

As cement is a low value, high bulk commodity, freight cost becomes a significant factor in determining the landed cost of cement. This has resulted in a very low volume of international trade in cement. World cement trade has averaged just around 6-7% of the total production.

Although, world trade in cement is limited because of high freight costs, there are countries, which either import a significant share of their total consumption or export a major share of their total production. Countries, which import a significant share of their consumption, appear to be falling in the developing world category, where the public expenditure on infrastructure projects is very high. The Middle East countries (although not falling in the developing world category) have huge requirements of cement because of construction work in projects in the oil sector. Also in these countries, unfavorable conditions (for example, inadequate cement limestone reserves) have discouraged cement capacity creation.

Countries, which export a large share of their domestic production, appear to be having one thing in common. Countries with high export thrust opt for bulk transportation for exporting cement. For example, by opting for bulk transportation, Greece is in a position to export over 50% of its cement production. Bulk transportation leads to significant advantages such as savings in freight costs and packing costs, avoidance of transit loss, adulteration, pilferage, bursting of bags and damage to cement.

Textile Industry in India

24

The cotton textiles industry has a large importance to the economy in terms of employment, contribution to the government exchequer and foreign exchange earnings. The textiles industry accounts for around 14% of India’s industrial production, 4% of GDP, and 16% of its total merchandise exports. Besides, it provides direct employment to around 35 million people. Cotton is the most important fibre of the Indian textiles industry, accounting for around 57% of the domestic fibre consumption and 90% of its exports. Further, substantial production is from the small-scale sector, whereby the industry wealth is distributed in greater number of people.

The past two decades have also witnessed a significant growth in the exports of textile goods and readymade garments from India. However, even now, India has a mere 3.3% share of the global trade of US$450 billion in textiles and clothing; the figure for India was as low as 1.8% in 1980. Exports of textiles and textiles products witnessed an acceleration during April 2005-January 2006 (10MFY2006), led by strong demand in the major markets of the US and Europe. Exports increased 22.2% (year on year or yoy) to US$13.06 billion during April 2005-January 2006.

Figure 1.20 Showing the India’s Exports of Textiles and Textiles Products and Share of Total Exports

The failure to provide quality value-added fabrics and garments and the near absence of contemporary designing facilities as also quota constraints are some of the major causes for India producing low value added yarns and fabrics, even as other countries have moved up the value chain.

The Indian textile and clothing market is estimated to be Rs. 2.15 trillion during 2004. While the domestic market accounts for 61%, the technical textiles accounts for around 9%. The balance 30% is exported in the international market. The ratio of usage of cotton to man-made fibers/filament yarn was around 56:44 in FY2005.

The manmade fiber (MMF) industry comprises fiber and filament yarn manufacturing units of cellulosic and non-cellulosic origin. The value added by manmade fibers (MMF) sector accounts for around Rs. 55 billion or 0.2% of GDP. The sector contributes excise duties of around Rs. 23 billion to the exchequer, which is around 3.5% of the total excise duties. The total assets in the sector are estimated to be around Rs.100 billion. In the last downturn, some companies were also referred to the Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR). The MMF sector is also a

25

‘critical enabler’ of a large export earner—the textiles industry. Further, the downstream textiles industry also provides large-scale employment. As of end-September 2005, the employment in the cotton/MMF textile industry was 0.95 million.

In the cotton dominated Indian textile industry, manmade fibres account for an around 44% share as against 50% globally. However, in FY2005, with large volumes of cotton being exported in various forms of textiles and apparel (accounting for nearly 43% of the domestic cotton production), the share of manmade fibres in the domestic textiles market stood at over 50%.

Figure 1.21 Showing India’s Manmade Fibre, Yarn, Fabrics, and Madeups and Share of Total Exports

Another part of textile industry is wool and man made staple fabrics which plays an important role in India’s total export Figure 1.21 shows the export of wool and man made staple fabrics.

Figure 1.22 Showing the export of wool and man-made staples from India

Iron and Steel Industry in India

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Export of Wool and Man-Made Staple Fabrics

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26

The Indian steel sector was the first core sector to be completely removed from the licensing regime as well as pricing and distribution controls. This was done primarily because of the inherent strengths and capabilities demonstrated by the Indian iron and steel industry. The growth rate in 1995-96 was a phenomenal 20%. During 1996-97, finished steel production shot up to a record 22.72 million tonnes with a growth rate of 6.2%, while in 1997-98, the finished steel production increased to 23.37 million tonnes, which was 2.8% more than the production of the preceding year. The growth rate decreased drastically in 1997-98 and 1998-99 being 2.8% and 1.9% respectively. The growth rate in 2001-2002 was 4.29% with the total production touching 31.63 million tonnes. The production of finished steel during April –December, 2002 has been 23.83 million tonnes, which is 6.3% higher than the production during the corresponding period of 2001-02.

The general policy and procedures for export and import of iron and steel, ferro alloys and ferro scrap are at present decided by the Ministry of Commerce in consultation with the Ministry of Steel. In a momentous move to push exports aggressively, Government of India has announced several measures in the new Five-year Exim policy (2002-07), which is in effect from 1st April 2002. These include the removal of quantitative restrictions on exports save in respect of a few sensitive items; permission for setting up overseas banking units in Special Economic Zones (SEZ); retention of duty-neutralization instruments including Duty Entitlement Pass Book (DEPB) and other export promotion schemes.

Export of Iron and Steel in the FY 2005 was decline by 0.34% as compared with last year figure 1.22 shows the following.

Figure 1.23 showing the export of iron and steel from India

Aluminum & Copper Industry in India

Iron and Steel

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27

The Indian Aluminum Industry has a moderate importance in the Indian Economy. While it has a number of applications across several sectors (such as power, automobiles, packaging, construction etc.) Its turnover is just around Rs. 120 billion (0.35% of GDP). In the trade term, export of aluminum and articles thereof aggregated Rs. 22.95 billion in FY2005, accounting for 0.6% of India’s Exports. Import aggregated Rs. 20.65billion during FY2005, accounting for 0.4% of India’s imports.

India accounts for less than 3% of the global capacity for aluminum, and thus has limited influence on aluminum prices on the London Metal Exchange (LME). However, prices on the LME do have an effect on domestic prices, since, on the one hand, they determine the margin of Indian exporters and, on the other, influence the landed prices of imported metal. However the correlation is limited because of the duty a protection against imports and the low cost structure of Indian aluminum producers.

Global aluminum production increased by 3.7% during 2005 to 23.4% mt. By comparison, production increased at a 3-year compound average growth rate (CAGR) of 3.4% during 2003-05, World aluminum production is expected to increase 4% during 2006, because of smelter capacity expansion in china and the Middle East.

The Indian Copper Industry has a moderate importance in the Indian Economy. While it has a number of application across several sectors (such as telecom, power, construction, transportation, handicraft, Engineering, Consumer durables, defense etc.). Figure 1.23 shows the export of Aluminum and copper during the period of 2003-06.

Figure 1.24 showing the export of aluminum and copper

Machinery Industry in India

Aluminum & Copper

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28

The performance of heavy engineering sector is directly linked to the industry, which in turn depends on the performance of the overall economy. Industry, being the key end user, drives the performance of this sector. In the FY2002 the performance of the heavy engineering industry was affected due to an economic downswing, but sustained improved performance of the overall economy from FY2003 onwards has resulted in an upswing for this sector. The industrial performance has been even better in the FY2005 and the Index of Industrial Production is expected to increase by 7.6% this year, while the growth was 7.0% for FY2004. The revival of the economy and increase in demand has resulted in major capacity expansions to match the growing demand across all the sectors.

Heavy engineering companies that serve only the domestic market are sensitive to theperformance of Indian economy, while exports lead to diversification of the end-user market.

Indian companies have cost-advantage in production of heavy machinery and equipment, which result in significant potential for exports. During 2001-02, heavy engineering industry was facing a recession and the Index of Production of Capital Goods witnessed a decline of 3.4%. Low levels of demand forced many of the Indian heavy engineering companies to look beyond the domestic markets. As a result, the engineering goods sector has improved its export performance and contributed to 20.37% of total exports from the country during the period April 2004 to January 2005. The export of Indian machinery industry as shown in figure 1.24.

Figure 1.25 Showing export of Indian machinery industry

Plastic Industry in India

Machinery

050,000

100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000350,000400,000450,000500,000

2003 2004 2005 2006 uptoSep.

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Machinery

29

India exported nearly US$532 mn worth plastic products during FY2004 (1st half FY2005 exports US $ 295 mn). With substantial capacity additions leading to over-capacity in domestic markets during FY2001 and beyond, polymer exports have increased significantly. However, on account of lower competitiveness of the plastic products industry, polymers have been exported directly.

Figure 1.26 Showing the trend in export of Plastic products

Amongst various plastic products—films, plates and sheets accounted for largest share of over 40% during FY2004 (refer following figure). Plastic products for packaging (apart from films etc.) accounted for a share of 27% which includes woven sacks that accounted for 13% of the total plastic product exports.

Though Indian exports of plastic products have increased over the past decade, Indian exports of plastic products, however, still continue to account for a minuscule share in

30

the world trade (only around 0.47%). The low presence of the organized large-scale sector and consequently, low economies of scale prevent Indian players from becoming cost competitive in the international market.

31

Organic and In-organic Chemical Industry in India

Inorganic chemicals are mostly used in detergents, glass, soap, fertilizer and alkalis India’s inorganic chemicals industry is one of the fastest growing sectors, with an average growth rate of 9 per cent per annum during the last decade.

Organic chemicals cover a wide range items such as methanol, formaldehyde, acetic acid, phenol, acetone etc. The organic chemicals industry in India is also concentrated mostly in western India.

Figure 1.28 is showing the export of organic and in-organic chemicals from India

Figure 1.29 is showing the export of organic and in-organic chemicals in volume

Export of Organic and In-Organic Chemicals

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Organic Chemical

Inorganic Chemicals

Export of Organic and In organic chemicals

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Volume Qty in thousand

Organic

In- organic Chemicals

32

Fertilizers Industry in India

A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest. The pesticides (of which insecticides constitute an important segment) or the agrochemicals industry (hereinafter referred to as the PAC industry) primarily consists of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides.

The global market for chemical pesticides/agrochemicals was estimated at around US$26.71 billion in 2003. Herbicides comprised 44% of the world market, followed by insecticides (27%), fungicides (20%), and others (9%). The market increased by 6.2% during 2003. In the period since 1990, the world market has increased from US$23.17 billion, at an annual average of 1.1%.As shown in figure 1.26

Figure 1.30 shows the world’s market in pesticides

The increased exports of pesticides in recent years is primarily because of the reduction in pesticide production in developed countries, and the shift in pesticide production from the developed countries to developing countries.

India is one of the largest producers of pesticides in Asia. Total world pesticide exports from all countries increased from US$10.27 billion in 2002 to US$12.42 billion in 2003, caused by higher pesticide usage. Amongst the developing countries, India is the second-largest exporter of pesticides, behind China. India accounted for 3% of the world export of pesticides in 2003, as compared with 5.9% for China. In terms of market share of exports of various pesticide products, Indian exports of insecticides aggregated US$313 million during 2003, accounting for 10.4% of total worldwide insecticide exports of US$3,011 million. India’s share has declined from 11.4% during 2002.

33

Pharmaceutical Industry in India

The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry today is in the front rank of India’s science-based industries with wide ranging capabilities in the complex field of drug manufacture and technology. A highly organized sector, the Indian Pharma Industry is estimated to be worth $ 4.5 billion, growing at about 8 to 9 percent annually. It ranks very high in the third world, in terms of technology, quality and range of medicines manufactured. From simple headache pills to sophisticated antibiotics and complex cardiac compounds, almost every type of medicine is now made indigenously

The Indian Pharmaceutical sector is highly fragmented with more than 20,000 registered units. It has expanded drastically in the last two decades. The leading 250 pharmaceutical companies control 70% of the market with market leader holding nearly 7% of the market share. It is an extremely fragmented market with severe price competition and government price control.

The pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the country's demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, chemicals, tablets, capsules, orals and inventible. There are about 250 large units and about 8000 Small Scale Units, which form the core of the pharmaceutical industry in India (including 5 Central Public Sector Units). These units produce the complete range of pharmaceutical formulations, i.e., medicines ready for consumption by patients and about 350 bulk drugs, i.e., chemicals having therapeutic value and used for production of pharmaceutical formulations.

Figure 1.31 Showing the Export of Pharma Products

Pharmaceutical

0.00500.00

1,000.001,500.002,000.002,500.003,000.003,500.004,000.00

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Pharmaceutical

34

Cosmetic Industry in India

Many of the world’s popular cosmetics brands entered the Indian market in the 1990s as the Indian market opened up to foreign companies. The cosmetics and personal care industry has been growing at an average rate of 15-20 percent for the last few years. Growth has come mainly from the low and medium-priced categories, which account for 90 percent of the cosmetics market in terms of volume. Even though mass-market products still constitute the major portion of the India cosmetics and toiletries market, increased disposable income has led to growth in demand for premium products. The urban population in particular, with its rising purchasing power, is the main force that drives the demand for various cosmetic products in India.

The reasons for the growing demand for cosmetic products in India also include: greater access to television, which has created a growing awareness of the western world; increased advertising in general; and greater product choice and availability. The success of contestants from India at various well known international beauty pageants in the last few years has also contributed to making Indian women more conscious of their appearance and more aware of western cosmetic products and brands. Also, a boom in the Indian fashion world has contributed to the rise in demand for professional beauty care products.

Even with double-digit growth rates, the market penetration of cosmetics and toiletries products in India is very low. Current per capita expenditure on cosmetics is approximately $0.68 cents, as compared to $36.65 in other Asian countries. This low market penetration for cosmetics and personal care products in India can be viewed as an opportunity for more significant growth down the road in this country of 1 billion people.

The current size of India’s cosmetic and toiletries market is about $950 million. The fastest growing segment is color cosmetics, accounting for around $60 million of the total market. Nail enamels and lipstick account for about round 65 percent of the color cosmetic segment. Revlon and L’Oreal dominate the small premium lipsticks and nail enamels niches. Lipstick sales account for nearly a third of the market at $21 million, while the market for nail enamels is about $23 million. Lakme, a brand originally introduced by the Tata Group of India, but now owned by Hindustan Lever (HLL) of the Unilever group, Tips & Toes, and Revlon dominate the color cosmetics market. The color cosmetics segment is very competitive and has a high penetration level, compared to other market segments.  

The toiletries market segment in India is well developed and dominated by multinational companies and a few large Indian companies. This segment is also characterized by high entry barriers, a high rate of new product launches, and high advertising expenditures. Bath and shower products account for the largest share of the toiletries market segment. The toiletries segment can be divided into two categories: the less price sensitive niche and highly brand conscious, premium niche. The price sensitive niche caters to the middle and lower middle class and the premium niche caters to the urban and higher class.

35

Figure 1.32 Showing the export of cosmetic industry

Figure 1.33 showing the export of cosmetic industry in value

Export of Cosmetic Industry is growing continuously in volume since FY2003, but in value it was a little shift in the FY2004 but in FY2005 it jumped and increase by $ 40 million in table d.

Year Value (US$ Million)2003 317.572004 296.772005 436.032006 459.342007 518.572008 599.862009 641.13

Table D: Showing the YoY growth in value of cosmetic industry

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36

Electronic Goods Industry in India

The Electronics industry has emerged as the fastest growing segment of the Indian industry both in terms of production and exports. This growth has had significant economic and social impacts. Today the local and global impact of the electronics industry has been due to its modern incarnation viz., the Information Technology (IT) Industry. By definition the IT industry includes the hardware “backbone” from the electronics industry and software.

The consumer durables industry appears to have two clearly differentiated segments. The MNCs have an edge over their Indian counterparts in terms of technology combined with a steady flow of capital. The domestic companies compete on the basis of their well-acknowledged brands, an extensive distribution network and an insight into local market conditions.

Demand is Cyclical and seasonal. Demand is high during festive season and is generally dependent on good monsoons. Purchase necessarily is done only during the harvest, festive and wedding seasons — April to June and October to November in North India and October to February in the South.

Rural India, which accounts for nearly 70% of the total number of households, offers plenty of scope and opportunities for the white goods industry. The urban consumer durable market for products including TV is growing annually by 7 to 10 % whereas the rural market is zooming ahead at around 25 % annually.

Increasing consumer awareness and preference for new models have added to the demand. Products like air conditioners are no longer perceived as luxury products but are treated as necessities in the changed socio-economic environment with changed life styles.

Figure 1.34 Showing the Export of Electronic Goods Industry in volume

0 500,000 1,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,0004,000,0004,500,000

Qty in thousand

200320042005

2006200720082009

Yea

r

Export:Electronic Goods Industry

Forecasted

37

Figure 1.29 shows the export of electronic industry, in last few years’ electronic goods and consumer durables industry has shown a great increase in export, because companies like Sansui, Samsung, Whirlpool, LG has set up there manufacturing plant in India and they are exporting these good from India to the neighboring countries and other western countries. This shows that this growth rate will continue due to great participation of real estate industry. Same as in table f we can see the increasing value of electronic goods industry.

Table f: Showing the Export of Electronic Goods Industry in Value

Year Value (US$ Million) Growth rate%

2003 1,899.06 -

2004 2,071.68 8.33

2005 2,767.55 25.14

2006 3,114.59 11.14

2007 3,694.18 15.69

2008 4,118.73 10.31

2009 4,646.65 11.36

The sectors which have recorded excellent growth rates of more than 20 per cent in terms of quantity produced are Air Conditioners (25 per cent), Split Air Conditioners (42.6 per cent) Micro Wave Woven (27.3 per cent), DVDS (25 per cent) VCD/MP3 (20per cent), Color Picture Tube (23 per cent,).

The sectors which have recorded high growth rates between 18 and 28 per cent in April-March 2004-05 over the corresponding previous period are Color Television (12%), Window Air Conditioners (18.8 per cent ), Washing Machines (18.1 per cent Watch (10%), Frost Free Refrigerators (13.8%).

Some sectors which have recorded moderate growth of 0 to 10 per cent are refrigerators (5 per cent),), clock (8 per cent), Direct Cool Refrigerator (2.8 per cent).

The sector recording negative growth is B&W TV (- 16.7%), The Refrigeration Industry has reached 3.9 million units in 2004-05 from 3.7 million units in the last year with a growth of 5 per cent.

The Air-Conditioners Industry has reached at 1.2 million units during 2004-05 with a growth of 25 per cent from 9.8 lakh units in 2003-04.

Washing Machines is estimated to have grown by 18.1 per cent from 1.35 million units in 2003-04 to 1.6 million units in 2004-05.

Microwave oven has grown by 27.3 per cent growth with 3.5 lakh units compared to 2.75 lakh units in 2003-04.

The Indian Color Television industry has grown by 12.1 per cent in 2004-05 by reaching 9.25 million units in 2004-05 from 8.25 million units in 2003-04. The B&W TV has recorded a negative growth of 16.7 per cent from 3 million units in2003-04 to 2.5 million units in 2004-05.

38

Watch and clock have registered growth of 10 per cent and 8 per cent from 20.6 mn units and 26.3 million units in 2003-04 to 22.6 mn units and 28.4 mn units in 2004-05. The VCD/MP3 industry has registered 20% growth and has achieved production of 8.4 million units.

The unorganized sector has occupied a major share in manufacturing and supplying VCD/MP3. DVD Players have grown by 25 per cent in 2004-05 with the volume estimated to be 625000 units.

39

Findings

Major part of India’s export goes to USA followed by United Arab Emirate and China and this study shows this will also in the future as shown in figure 1.30.

Figure 1.35 Showing the Export of India country-wise in Value in US $ Million

India’s Tea and Coffee industry has largest share in world’s export in its category, but then also it is losing its share during last few years and this fluctuation will also continue over the year. Tea and coffee industry depends on the monsoon and over the last few years the global warming has affected the monsoon and this may affect to the production of tea and coffee.

Figure 1.36 Showing the export of Tea and coffee industry

0.00 5000.00 10000.00 15000.00 20000.00 25000.00

U S A

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SINGAPORE

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Export: Country-wise

2008

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40

Sugar Industry has seen great variation in both export and import, in India maximum sugar is produce in area of Uttar Pradesh and GOI has ban the export of sugar due to rise in price of sugar in world market and not having enough stock to meet the domestic consumption . This ban has its limitation up to march 2007, but ban does not include EU and USA.

Tobacco is grown in more than 100 countries, just four countries (Brazil, China, India and the United States) account for two-thirds of total global production and only two countries, Malawi and Zimbabwe, are significantly dependent on export earnings from tobacco.1 Out of the 141 countries that export tobacco, only 18 derive more than one percent of their total export earnings from tobacco. In only four of those 18 countries do tobacco exports account for more than five percent of total export earnings. India is second largest export of the world and holds round 6.5% of total export of tobacco of the world.

Beverage industry’s export of India is growing with the rate of 13-16% p.a. as shown in the table b. Both in the term of volume and value it is becoming the important to the Indian economy.

The export of leather industry is varying in volume, but in the value term it is increasing in a constant manner and volume-wise it will fluctuate in the future also.

Future growth in gold jewellery business is likely to driven by increased exports to US and other markets, and domestic consumption. Although domestic consumption has increased in 2003-05, consumption per capita is still very low, reflecting the high proportion of the rural population and the social infrastructure of the country (the rural population accounts for approximately 65-70% of domestic gold demand).

0

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Export of Leather from India

41

As cement is a low value, high bulk commodity, freight cost becomes a significant factor in determining the landed cost of cement. This has resulted in a very low volume of international trade in cement. World cement trade has averaged just around 6-7% of the total production.

Countries, which export a large share of their domestic production, appear to be having one thing in common. Countries with high export thrust opt for bulk transportation for exporting cement. For example, by opting for bulk transportation, Greece is in a position to export over 50% of its cement production. Bulk transportation leads to significant advantages such as savings in freight costs and packing costs, avoidance of transit loss, adulteration, pilferage, bursting of bags and damage to cement.

In the cotton dominated Indian textile industry, manmade fibres account for an around 44% share as against 50% globally. However, in FY2005, with large volumes of cotton being exported in various forms of textiles and apparel (accounting for nearly 43% of the domestic cotton production), the share of manmade fibers in the domestic textiles market stood at over 50%.As shown in the chart below.

Export of Iron and Steel in the FY 2005 was decline by 0.34% as compared with last year; The Indian Copper Industry has a moderate importance in the Indian Economy. While it has a number of application across several sectors (such as telecom, power, construction, transportation, handicraft, Engineering, Consumer durables, defense etc.)

Indian companies have cost-advantage in production of heavy machinery and equipment, which result in significant potential for exports. During 2001-02, heavy engineering industry was facing a recession and the Index of Production of Capital Goods witnessed a decline of 3.4%. Low levels of demand forced many of the Indian heavy engineering companies to look beyond the domestic markets. As a result, the engineering goods sector has improved its export performance and contributed to 20.37% of total exports from the country during the period April 2004 to January 2005.

42

Indian exports of plastic products have increased over the past decade, Indian exports of plastic products, however, still continue to account for a minuscule share in the world trade (only around 0.47%). The low presence of the organized large-scale sector and consequently, low economies of scale prevent Indian players from becoming cost competitive in the international market.

The increased exports of pesticides in recent years is primarily because of the reduction in pesticide production in developed countries, and the shift in pesticide production from the developed countries to developing countries.

The pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the country's demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, chemicals, tablets, capsules, orals and inventible. There are about 250 large units and about 8000 Small Scale Units, which form the core of the pharmaceutical industry in India (including 5 Central Public Sector Units). Indian Pharmaceutical industry has shown a high increase in export YoYas shown in figure 1.27.

Export of Cosmetic Industry is growing continuously in volume since FY2003, but in value it was a little shift in the FY2004 but in FY2005 it jumped and increase by $ 40 million.

Rural India, which accounts for nearly 70% of the total number of households, offers plenty of scope and opportunities for the white goods industry. The urban consumer durable market for products including TV is growing annually by 7 to 10 % whereas the rural market is zooming ahead at around 25 % annually.

43

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www.icra.in

Balance of Payments Release of Dec. 29, 2006 and Statement 43, India’s Balance of Payments in Dollars, Monthly Bulletin, Reserve Bank of India, December 2006 and previous issues, www.rbi.org/monthlybulletin/bop

Monthly Foreign Trade Statistics of India (principal commodities & countries), Imports and Exports & Re–exports, Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, Government of India, September 2006, www.dgcis.kol.nic

44

Tables

Table 1: Export of India Country-wise in US $ Million for the year 2003-2004 to 2004-2005 with there share in the total export of the country and growth rate.

S.No. Country2003-2004

%Share2004-2005

%Share %Growth

1 U S A 11,490.11 17.9975 13,765.75 16.4788 19.812 U ARAB EMTS 5,125.61 8.0285 7,347.88 8.7961 43.363 CHINA P RP 2,955.10 4.6287 5,615.88 6.7227 90.044 SINGAPORE 2,124.84 3.3282 4,000.61 4.7891 88.285 HONG KONG 3,261.83 5.1091 3,691.82 4.4194 13.186 U K 3,023.27 4.7355 3,681.09 4.4066 21.767 GERMANY 2,544.57 3.9857 2,826.25 3.3833 11.078 BELGIUM 1,805.73 2.8284 2,509.71 3.0043 38.999 ITALY 1,729.41 2.7089 2,285.99 2.7365 32.18

10 JAPAN 1,709.30 2.6773 2,127.91 2.5473 24.4911 FRANCE 1,280.89 2.0063 1,680.94 2.0122 31.2312 BANGLADESH PR 1,740.75 2.7266 1,631.12 1.9526 -6.313 NETHERLAND 1,289.12 2.0192 1,604.86 1.9212 24.4914 SRI LANKA DSR 1,319.20 2.0663 1,413.18 1.6917 7.1215 SAUDI ARAB 1,123.31 1.7595 1,412.06 1.6904 25.7116 SPAIN 1,002.59 1.5704 1,389.37 1.6632 38.58

17 INDONESIA 1,127.21 1.7656 1,332.60 1.5952 18.2218 IRAN 918.11 1.4381 1,231.39 1.4741 34.1219 MALAYSIA 892.77 1.3984 1,084.06 1.2977 21.4320 KOREA RP 764.86 1.198 1,041.68 1.247 36.1921 ISRAEL 723.98 1.134 1,005.76 1.204 38.9222 SOUTH AFRICA 539.35 0.8448 984.04 1.178 82.4523 THAILAND 831.69 1.3027 901.39 1.079 8.3824 CANADA 763.2 1.1954 866.8 1.0376 13.5725 NEPAL 669.36 1.0484 743.14 0.8896 11.0226 TURKEY 563.34 0.8824 723.7 0.8663 28.4727 AUSTRALIA 584.3 0.9152 720.25 0.8622 23.2728 BRAZIL 275.62 0.4317 678.17 0.8118 146.0529 NIGERIA 565.49 0.8858 644.68 0.7717 1430 RUSSIA 713.76 1.118 631.26 0.7557 -11.5631 TAIWAN 532.45 0.834 618.51 0.7404 16.1632 VIETNAM SOC REP 410.44 0.6429 555.96 0.6655 35.4633 SWITZERLAND 449.87 0.7046 540.89 0.6475 20.2334 PAKISTAN IR 286.94 0.4494 521.05 0.6237 81.5935 EGYPT A RP 367.49 0.5756 444.73 0.5324 21.0236 KENYA 229.48 0.3594 426.64 0.5107 85.9137 KUWAIT 319.09 0.4998 421.44 0.5045 32.0738 PHILIPPINES 321.53 0.5036 412.23 0.4935 28.2139 UNSPECIFIED 209.38 0.328 373.82 0.4475 78.5440 MEXICO 264.43 0.4142 368.58 0.4412 39.3941 COLOMBIA 95.31 0.1493 330.71 0.3959 246.9742 SUDAN 107.38 0.1682 317.45 0.38 195.6443 GREECE 200.04 0.3133 306.34 0.3667 53.1444 DENMARK 241.9 0.3789 305.74 0.366 26.3945 OMAN 258.99 0.4057 267.67 0.3204 3.35

45

46 TOGO 46.98 0.0736 263.37 0.3153 460.5647 MAURITIUS 203.02 0.318 258.2 0.3091 27.18

48 SYRIA 201.46 0.3156 253.18 0.3031 25.6749 YEMEN REPUBLC 217.55 0.3408 246.41 0.295 13.2750 SWEDEN 219.88 0.3444 241.8 0.2895 9.9751 ALGERIA 122.15 0.1913 231.22 0.2768 89.2852 PORTUGAL 169.89 0.2661 223.17 0.2672 31.3653 IRELAND 150.93 0.2364 211.99 0.2538 40.4554 QATAR 128.44 0.2012 209.42 0.2507 63.0455 UKRAINE 110.27 0.1727 207.73 0.2487 88.3956 ARGENTINA 87.33 0.1368 186.32 0.223 113.3557 GHANA 182.67 0.2861 183.08 0.2192 0.2258 POLAND 134.21 0.2102 176.3 0.211 31.3659 TANZANIA REP 175.78 0.2753 173.88 0.2082 -1.0860 LIBYA 18.73 0.0293 173.53 0.2077 826.3461 AFGHANISTAN TIS 145.47 0.2279 165.44 0.198 13.7362 BAHARAIN IS 111.63 0.1748 156.46 0.1873 40.16

63 FINLAND 111.27 0.1743 143.54 0.1718 2964 IRAQ 75.17 0.1177 131.19 0.157 74.5365 DJIBOUTI 73.67 0.1154 128.63 0.154 74.5966 JORDAN 150.99 0.2365 128.25 0.1535 -15.0667 KOREA DP RP 158.75 0.2487 123.91 0.1483 -21.9568 AUSTRIA 106.38 0.1666 117.15 0.1402 10.1269 MYANMAR 89.64 0.1404 113.19 0.1355 26.2770 MOROCCO 87.72 0.1374 112.48 0.1347 28.2371 CHILE 83.02 0.13 111.2 0.1331 33.9572 HUNGARY 91.87 0.1439 108.1 0.1294 17.6673 ROMANIA 47.79 0.0749 105.96 0.1268 121.7174 NORWAY 75.69 0.1186 103.81 0.1243 37.1675 COTE D' IVOIRE 98.11 0.1537 101.03 0.1209 2.9776 CONGO P REP 61.27 0.096 93.26 0.1116 52.2277 NEW ZEALAND 85.97 0.1347 93.22 0.1116 8.4378 CZECH REPUBLIC 88.02 0.1379 88 0.1053 -0.0379 BHUTAN 89.49 0.1402 84.58 0.1013 -5.4880 KAZAKHSTAN 74.81 0.1172 81.42 0.0975 8.8381 MOZAMBIQUE 69.14 0.1083 81.3 0.0973 17.5982 UGANDA 87.73 0.1374 75.98 0.091 -13.483 TUNISIA 68.16 0.1068 74.46 0.0891 9.2384 ANGOLA 70.55 0.1105 72.89 0.0873 3.3285 VENEZUELA 21.13 0.0331 71.97 0.0862 240.6886 SENEGAL 26.74 0.0419 69.24 0.0829 158.9487 PERU 38.01 0.0595 68.82 0.0824 81.0588 LEBANON 59.05 0.0925 67.46 0.0808 14.2489 SLOVENIA 36.19 0.0567 63.37 0.0759 75.0990 MALAWI 38.21 0.0598 58.26 0.0697 52.4891 PANAMA REPUBLIC 54.55 0.0855 55.95 0.067 2.5692 ETHIOPIA 80.43 0.126 55.51 0.0664 -30.9993 GUINEA 35.12 0.055 51.31 0.0614 46.1194 ZAMBIA 39.86 0.0624 50.4 0.0603 26.4695 KYRGHYZSTAN 38.2 0.0598 49.57 0.0593 29.7696 MALDIVES 42.34 0.0663 47.61 0.057 12.4697 BENIN 52.71 0.0826 47.12 0.0564 -10.5998 SOMALIA 40.11 0.0628 47.11 0.0564 17.4499 NIGER 36.66 0.0574 40.29 0.0482 9.9

46

100 GUATEMALA 26.36 0.0413 37.84 0.0453 43.53101 MADAGASCAR 39.14 0.0613 36.12 0.0432 -7.71102 MALTA 117.95 0.1847 31.5 0.0377 -73.3103 AZERBAIJAN 12.28 0.0192 30.79 0.0369 150.81104 LITHUANIA 17.92 0.0281 30.6 0.0366 70.71105 CYPRUS 28.2 0.0442 29.38 0.0352 4.16106 TRINIDAD 19.64 0.0308 28.92 0.0346 47.27107 FIJI IS 20.41 0.032 28.59 0.0342 40.07108 GEORGIA 34.02 0.0533 26.8 0.0321 -21.24109 CAMEROON 23.26 0.0364 26.7 0.032 14.78110 BULGARIA 25.22 0.0395 24.76 0.0296 -1.83111 MAURITANIA 18.04 0.0283 24.71 0.0296 36.99112 URUGUAY 19.47 0.0305 24.51 0.0293 25.85113 SLOVAK REP 16.85 0.0264 23.86 0.0286 41.56114 ZIMBABWE 23.51 0.0368 23.45 0.0281 -0.25115 CROATIA 16.68 0.0261 22.85 0.0273 36.95116 ECUADOR 14.13 0.0221 22.71 0.0272 60.74117 SWAZILAND 29.07 0.0455 22.27 0.0267 -23.38118 DOMINIC REP 12.22 0.0191 22.04 0.0264 80.31119 MALI 43.82 0.0686 21.69 0.026 -50.5120 UZBEKISTAN 15.14 0.0237 21.35 0.0256 40.96121 HONDURAS 11.99 0.0188 21.31 0.0255 77.66122 BURKINA FASO 23.74 0.0372 21.1 0.0253 -11.13123 LIBERIA 16.13 0.0253 18.3 0.0219 13.51124 CAMBODIA 18.6 0.0291 18.13 0.0217 -2.5125 SURINAME 3.73 0.0058 17.58 0.021 370.86126 LATVIA 16.33 0.0256 17.42 0.0209 6.66127 COSTA RICA 20.52 0.0321 16.48 0.0197 -19.7128 TURKMENISTAN 19.21 0.0301 15.26 0.0183 -20.6129 GAMBIA 13.66 0.0214 14.89 0.0178 9.04130 PUERTO RICO 26.43 0.0414 14.67 0.0176 -44.5131 PAPUA N GNA 4.69 0.0073 14.28 0.0171 204.32132 JAMAICA 9.06 0.0142 13.43 0.0161 48.29133 LESOTHO 5.57 0.0087 13.41 0.0161 140.72134 SIERRA LEONE 12.78 0.02 13.12 0.0157 2.7135 ICELAND 17.6 0.0276 12.91 0.0155 -26.64136 PARAGUAY 10.57 0.0166 12.01 0.0144 13.66137 LUXEMBOURG 14.19 0.0222 11.64 0.0139 -18.01138 NICARAGUA 5.96 0.0093 11.38 0.0136 90.79139 SEYCHELLES 10.08 0.0158 10.62 0.0127 5.39140 BELARUS 6.49 0.0102 10.61 0.0127 63.48141 GABON 10.55 0.0165 10.36 0.0124 -1.8142 ESTONIA 5.98 0.0094 10.24 0.0123 71.06143 HAITI 8.56 0.0134 10.18 0.0122 18.95144 UNION OF SERBIA &

MONTENEGRO 16.83 0.0264 9.25 0.0111 -45.04

145 REUNION 7.11 0.0111 9.2 0.011 29.33146 EL SALVADOR 6.55 0.0103 8.89 0.0106 35.76147 ERITREA 10.72 0.0168 8.44 0.0101 -21.28148 RWANDA 5.05 0.0079 8.36 0.01 65.66149 BOTSWANA 6.7 0.0105 7.91 0.0095 18.06150 CUBA 4.95 0.0078 7.44 0.0089 50.26151 BURUNDI 5.49 0.0086 7.24 0.0087 31.81152 ARMENIA 3.53 0.0055 7.24 0.0087 105.28

47

153 NAMIBIA 7.69 0.012 7.22 0.0086 -6.04154 GUYANA 4.77 0.0075 6.86 0.0082 43.94155 TAJIKISTAN 4.47 0.007 6.59 0.0079 47.54156 MOLDOVA 4.37 0.0068 5.61 0.0067 28.19157 BAHAMAS 3.23 0.0051 5.55 0.0066 71.74158 NETHERLANDANTIL 11.37 0.0178 5.27 0.0063 -53.62159 ALBANIA 4.95 0.0077 5.23 0.0063 5.71160 BRUNEI 4.59 0.0072 5.06 0.0061 10.32161 BOLIVIA 3.7 0.0058 3.96 0.0047 7.01162 EQUTL GUINEA 0.84 0.0013 3.84 0.0046 355.87163 CHAD 2.63 0.0041 3.52 0.0042 33.65164 CONGO D. REP. 11.15 0.0175 2.82 0.0034 -74.67165 BOSNIA-HRZGOVIN 3.32 0.0052 2.74 0.0033 -17.46166 LAO PD RP 0.43 0.0007 2.65 0.0032 511.64167 MACEDONIA 1.65 0.0026 2.6 0.0031 57.27168 ST PIERRE     2.48 0.003  169 COMOROS 1.95 0.0031 2.44 0.0029 25.1170 MACAO 4.08 0.0064 2.09 0.0025 -48.62171 DOMINICA 2.19 0.0034 2.03 0.0024 -7.31172 BARBADOS 1.18 0.0019 1.74 0.0021 46.79173 VANUATU REP 0.53 0.0008 1.65 0.002 213.94174 TIMOR LESTE 1.33 0.0021 1.57 0.0019 17.28175 VIRGIN IS US 0.92 0.0014 1.55 0.0019 68.23176 GUADELOUPE 1.31 0.0021 1.36 0.0016 3.78177 MONGOLIA 0.81 0.0013 1.35 0.0016 66.82178 AMERI SAMOA 0.26 0.0004 1.27 0.0015 381.65179 ANTIGUA 4.55 0.0071 1.05 0.0013 -76.96180 BELIZE 2.75 0.0043 1 0.0012 -63.5181 GUINEA BISSAU 2.14 0.0033 0.93 0.0011 -56.62182 C AFRI REP 0.69 0.0011 0.87 0.001 26.38183 NEW CALEDONIA 1.9 0.003 0.83 0.001 -56.22184 MONACO 0.34 0.0005 0.74 0.0009 116.49185 TONGA 0.95 0.0015 0.7 0.0008 -26.21186 CAYMAN IS 0.48 0.0008 0.67 0.0008 39.37187 GIBRALTAR 0.75 0.0012 0.65 0.0008 -13.92188 BERMUDA 0.54 0.0008 0.63 0.0008 18.44189 CAPE VERDE IS 0.05 0.0001 0.6 0.0007 1,035.35190 FR POLYNESIA 0.25 0.0004 0.53 0.0006 109.49191 MARTINIQUE 0.59 0.0009 0.53 0.0006 -9.71192 ST KITT N A 0.31 0.0005 0.49 0.0006 55.98193 PANAMA C Z 3.2 0.005 0.48 0.0006 -85.11194 LIECHTENSTEIN 0.48 0.0007 0.47 0.0006 -0.71195 ST LUCIA 0.41 0.0006 0.47 0.0006 13.56196 ARUBA 0.19 0.0003 0.44 0.0005 136.87197 COCOS IS 1.13 0.0018 0.41 0.0005 -63.65198 KIRIBATI REP 0.05 0.0001 0.4 0.0005 650.39199 MONTSERRAT 0.35 0.0005 0.4 0.0005 14.15200 GUAM 0.98 0.0015 0.38 0.0005 -61.21201 CHRISTMAS IS. 0.4 0.0006 0.36 0.0004 -7.85202 MICRONESIA 0.01 0 0.34 0.0004 4,569.94203 TURKS C IS 17.27 0.0271 0.32 0.0004 -98.17204 SAMOA 0.39 0.0006 0.27 0.0003 -29.03205 ANGUILLA 0.47 0.0007 0.27 0.0003 -41.66206 SOLOMON IS 6.09 0.0095 0.26 0.0003 -95.78

48

207 ST VINCENT 0.09 0.0001 0.25 0.0003 170.59208 GRENADA 0.59 0.0009 0.23 0.0003 -60.56209 TUVALU 0.03 0.0001 0.19 0.0002 473.48210 ANDORRA 0.06 0.0001 0.18 0.0002 225.83211 CHANNEL IS 0.95 0.0015 0.15 0.0002 -84.51212 TOKELAU IS 1.24 0.0019 0.14 0.0002 -88.33213 FAROE IS. 0.5 0.0008 0.14 0.0002 -71.41214 FR S ANT TR 0 0 0.14 0.0002 5,356.86215 BR VIRGN IS 0.34 0.0005 0.11 0.0001 -66.98216 ST HELENA 0.87 0.0014 0.1 0.0001 -87.95217 CANARY IS 0.11 0.0002 0.1 0.0001 -7.23218 SAO TOME 1.77 0.0028 0.1 0.0001 -94.31219 NORFOLK IS 0.56 0.0009 0.1 0.0001 -82.88220 WALLIS F IS 0.21 0.0003 0.09 0.0001 -54.87221 COOK IS 0.1 0.0002 0.08 0.0001 -16.94222 FR GUIANA 5.84 0.0091 0.08 0.0001 -98.62223 MARSHALL ISLAND 0.39 0.0006 0.05 0.0001 -86.35224 PALAU 0.02 0 0.05 0.0001 145.17225 FALKLAND IS 0.17 0.0003 0.05 0.0001 -73.13226 HEARD MACDONALD     0.04 0.0001  227 GREENLAND 0.16 0.0003 0.04 0.0001 -72.85228 N. MARIANA IS. 0.16 0.0002 0.03 0 -81.94229 PITCAIRN IS. 0.1 0.0002 0.02 0 -78.9230 NIUE IS 0.13 0.0002 0.02 0 -86.79231 PACIFIC IS 0.01 0 0.02 0 48.19232 NAURU RP 0.11 0.0002 0.01 0 -86.27233 SAHARWI A.DM RP     0.01 0  234 ANTARTICA     0.01 0  

  India's Total Export 63,842.97   83,535.94   30.85

Exchange rate:

2003-2004: 1US$ = Rs. 45.9513

2004-2005: 1US$ = Rs. 44.9315

Table 2: Export of India Country-wise in US $ Million for the year 2005-2006 to 2006-2007 (up to September), with there share in total export of the country and growth rate.

S.No. Country 2005-2006 %Share2006-2007(Apr-

Sep) %Share

1 U S A 17,353.06 16.8328 9,385.25 15.34772 U ARAB EMTS 8,591.79 8.3342 6,183.81 10.11243 SINGAPORE 5,425.29 5.2626 3,504.92 5.73164 CHINA P RP 6,759.10 6.5565 3,445.52 5.6345

49

5 U K 5,059.28 4.9076 2,652.18 4.33716 HONG KONG 4,471.32 4.3373 2,242.84 3.66777 GERMANY 3,586.12 3.4786 1,917.65 3.13598 ITALY 2,519.04 2.4435 1,697.16 2.77549 BELGIUM 2,871.23 2.7852 1,605.98 2.6263

10 SOUTH AFRICA 1,526.87 1.4811 1,218.42 1.992511 JAPAN 2,481.26 2.4069 1,216.48 1.989312 SAUDI ARAB 1,809.77 1.7555 1,182.30 1.933413 NETHERLAND 2,474.78 2.4006 1,175.41 1.922214 SRI LANKA DSR 2,024.67 1.964 1,147.92 1.877215 FRANCE 2,079.59 2.0172 1,075.41 1.758616 KOREA RP 1,827.21 1.7724 1,062.19 1.73717 INDONESIA 1,380.20 1.3388 905.38 1.480618 SPAIN 1,605.66 1.5575 881.2 1.44119 IRAN 1,188.35 1.1527 833.2 1.362520 BRAZIL 1,090.61 1.0579 805.55 1.317321 BANGLADESH PR 1,664.36 1.6145 801.94 1.311422 KENYA 576.54 0.5593 786.17 1.285623 PAKISTAN IR 689.23 0.6686 749.85 1.226224 THAILAND 1,075.31 1.0431 697.77 1.141125 YEMEN REPUBLC 278.81 0.2705 645.49 1.055626 ISRAEL 1,201.50 1.1655 642.13 1.050127 MALAYSIA 1,161.86 1.127 592.6 0.969128 CANADA 1,021.58 0.9909 571.12 0.933929 TURKEY 1,010.08 0.9798 475.47 0.777530 NEPAL 859.97 0.8342 468.52 0.766231 AUSTRALIA 821.23 0.7966 439.63 0.718932 NEW ZEALAND 141.9 0.1376 438.32 0.716833 NIGERIA 874.03 0.8478 434.68 0.710834 RUSSIA 733.15 0.7112 417.24 0.682335 VIETNAM SOC REP 690.68 0.67 406.08 0.664136 TAIWAN 629.05 0.6102 397.56 0.650137 GREECE 564.09 0.5472 330.88 0.541138 EGYPT A RP 672.43 0.6523 323.44 0.528939 PHILIPPINES 494.66 0.4798 323 0.528240 OMAN 408.43 0.3962 303.82 0.496841 KUWAIT 513.73 0.4983 298.73 0.488542 MAURITIUS 199.43 0.1935 284.32 0.46543 MEXICO 443.07 0.4298 258.86 0.423344 DENMARK 410.28 0.398 227.27 0.371745 COLOMBIA 455.02 0.4414 213.15 0.348646 SYRIA 276.67 0.2684 211.98 0.346647 SWITZERLAND 479.52 0.4651 207.85 0.339948 SUDAN 294.65 0.2858 204.57 0.334549 ALGERIA 271.39 0.2633 199.33 0.32650 SWEDEN 326.39 0.3166 176.11 0.28851 PORTUGAL 260.89 0.2531 174.88 0.28652 QATAR 259.34 0.2516 155.69 0.254653 TANZANIA REP 243.45 0.2362 145.68 0.238254 POLAND 226.96 0.2202 145 0.237155 GHANA 200.82 0.1948 140.07 0.229156 UKRAINE 258.19 0.2504 131.26 0.214757 DJIBOUTI 230.36 0.2235 123.23 0.201558 ARGENTINA 199.5 0.1935 112.32 0.1837

50

59 IRELAND 279.77 0.2714 108.06 0.176760 IRAQ 155.94 0.1513 100.93 0.16561 FINLAND 204.69 0.1986 95.86 0.156862 CHILE 152.15 0.1476 94.8 0.15563 JORDAN 184.97 0.1794 89.98 0.147164 KOREA DP RP 54.53 0.0529 83.1 0.135965 MOROCCO 127.51 0.1237 81.7 0.133666 TRINIDAD 66.64 0.0646 79.86 0.130667 SENEGAL 93.5 0.0907 79.09 0.129368 MOZAMBIQUE 127.54 0.1237 78.52 0.128469 AFGHANISTAN TIS 142.67 0.1384 76.93 0.125870 CONGO P REP 111.62 0.1083 73.08 0.119571 VENEZUELA 94.41 0.0916 71.83 0.117572 BAHARAIN IS 192.25 0.1865 70.32 0.11573 COTE D' IVOIRE 106.14 0.103 70.06 0.114674 NORWAY 130.2 0.1263 67.42 0.110375 BENIN 96.62 0.0937 67.15 0.109876 AUSTRIA 132.47 0.1285 64.86 0.106177 ZAMBIA 66.51 0.0645 61.52 0.100678 ANGOLA 151.66 0.1471 61.39 0.100479 ROMANIA 84.39 0.0819 61.16 0.180 PERU 84.26 0.0817 60.82 0.099581 MYANMAR 110.7 0.1074 59.34 0.09782 ETHIOPIA 74.74 0.0725 55.21 0.090383 TOGO 91.1 0.0884 54.54 0.089284 UGANDA 92.65 0.0899 53.87 0.088185 SLOVENIA 76.6 0.0743 49.86 0.081586 HONDURAS 34.6 0.0336 49.76 0.081487 GUINEA 52.26 0.0507 49.14 0.080488 TUNISIA 82.57 0.0801 47.94 0.078489 UNSPECIFIED 191.85 0.1861 47.25 0.077390 KAZAKHSTAN 90.86 0.0881 44.82 0.073391 CZECH REPUBLIC 96.87 0.094 43.78 0.071692 LIBYA 103.29 0.1002 43.45 0.07193 HUNGARY 84.16 0.0816 43.27 0.070894 GUATEMALA 45.94 0.0446 42.33 0.069295 PANAMA REPUBLIC 63.05 0.0612 40.06 0.065596 SOMALIA 39.66 0.0385 36.75 0.060197 CAMEROON 34.71 0.0337 35.47 0.05898 MALI 27.9 0.0271 35.35 0.057899 MALDIVES 67.58 0.0656 33.74 0.0552

100 LEBANON 71.84 0.0697 33.19 0.0543101 FIJI IS 29.06 0.0282 29.56 0.0483102 CAMBODIA 24.19 0.0235 28.59 0.0467103 BHUTAN 99.17 0.0962 27.49 0.045104 ECUADOR 26.2 0.0254 26.41 0.0432105 CROATIA 29.01 0.0281 24.67 0.0403106 KYRGHYZSTAN 28.09 0.0273 22.24 0.0364107 MALAWI 43.63 0.0423 21.64 0.0354108 LATVIA 28.39 0.0275 20.43 0.0334109 GEORGIA 34.18 0.0332 19.98 0.0327110 ZIMBABWE 23.99 0.0233 19.62 0.0321111 DOMINIC REP 31.79 0.0308 19.4 0.0317112 LITHUANIA 33.45 0.0324 18.91 0.0309

51

113 BAHAMAS 9.35 0.0091 17.41 0.0285114 URUGUAY 27.93 0.0271 16.72 0.0273115 MADAGASCAR 42.65 0.0414 16.41 0.0268116 CYPRUS 32.41 0.0314 16.35 0.0267117 BULGARIA 24.07 0.0233 15.23 0.0249118 LIBERIA 21.15 0.0205 14.81 0.0242119 UZBEKISTAN 24.44 0.0237 14.51 0.0237120 PARAGUAY 16.38 0.0159 13.86 0.0227121 PUERTO RICO 19.26 0.0187 13.37 0.0219122 SLOVAK REP 21.41 0.0208 12.19 0.0199123 LUXEMBOURG 10.67 0.0103 12.13 0.0198124 TURKMENISTAN 18.83 0.0183 11.91 0.0195125 CUBA 11.91 0.0116 11.32 0.0185126 AZERBAIJAN 28.81 0.0279 11.07 0.0181127 EL SALVADOR 12 0.0116 10.8 0.0177128 GAMBIA 16.8 0.0163 10.55 0.0172129 NAMIBIA 14.65 0.0142 10.42 0.017130 MAURITANIA 45.14 0.0438 10.39 0.017131 ESTONIA 13.86 0.0134 10.14 0.0166132 SIERRA LEONE 18.54 0.018 10.1 0.0165133 HAITI 16.33 0.0158 9.87 0.0161134 REUNION 14.87 0.0144 9.31 0.0152135 COSTA RICA 16.06 0.0156 9.21 0.0151136 JAMAICA 25.86 0.0251 8.76 0.0143137 CHAD 4.21 0.0041 8.72 0.0143138 MALTA 121.31 0.1177 8.25 0.0135139 BURKINA FASO 19.93 0.0193 8.1 0.0132140 NETHERLANDANTIL 10.94 0.0106 8.08 0.0132141 NICARAGUA 10.63 0.0103 7.95 0.013142 ICELAND 13.05 0.0127 7.74 0.0127143 SURINAME 15.67 0.0152 7.3 0.0119144 NIGER 22.25 0.0216 7.17 0.0117145 GABON 16.58 0.0161 7.13 0.0117146 SEYCHELLES 10.62 0.0103 6.72 0.011147 PAPUA N GNA 9.21 0.0089 6.21 0.0101148 BOTSWANA 10.78 0.0105 6.14 0.01149 ARMENIA 7.19 0.007 6.04 0.0099150 RWANDA 10.64 0.0103 5.97 0.0098151 BELARUS 12.22 0.0119 5.77 0.0094152 GUYANA 11.15 0.0108 5.25 0.0086153 UNION OF SERBIA

& MONTENEGRO 8.36 0.0081 4.31 0.0071

154 BRUNEI 42.94 0.0417 4.17 0.0068155 ERITREA 8.18 0.0079 3.97 0.0065156 TAJIKISTAN 6.24 0.0061 3.47 0.0057157 BOLIVIA 6.55 0.0064 3.45 0.0056158 BURUNDI 10.73 0.0104 3.39 0.0055159 ST PIERRE 1.6 0.0016 3.36 0.0055160 MACEDONIA 3.93 0.0038 3 0.0049161 SWAZILAND 5.24 0.0051 2.58 0.0042162 COMOROS 5.1 0.0049 2.49 0.0041163 MOLDOVA 5.43 0.0053 2.44 0.004164 LESOTHO 12.77 0.0124 2.28 0.0037165 EQUTL GUINEA 6.44 0.0062 2.17 0.0035

52

166 NEW CALEDONIA 1.19 0.0012 1.95 0.0032167 ALBANIA 5.61 0.0054 1.89 0.0031168 C AFRI REP 1.39 0.0014 1.84 0.003169 DOMINICA 2.62 0.0025 1.77 0.0029170 BARBADOS 2.31 0.0022 1.67 0.0027171 MONGOLIA 1.17 0.0011 1.44 0.0024172 BOSNIA-HRZGOVIN 1.33 0.0013 1.33 0.0022173 LAO PD RP 5.47 0.0053 1.11 0.0018174 BELIZE 2.67 0.0026 1.09 0.0018175 VANUATU REP 1.84 0.0018 0.99 0.0016176 MACAO 2.46 0.0024 0.89 0.0014177 ANTIGUA 1.13 0.0011 0.79 0.0013178 ANGUILLA 0.12 0.0001 0.79 0.0013179 ST HELENA 0.78 0.0008 0.78 0.0013180 FR POLYNESIA 0.76 0.0007 0.74 0.0012181 CONGO D. REP. 2.03 0.002 0.72 0.0012182 GUADELOUPE 1.12 0.0011 0.67 0.0011183 MONACO 0.38 0.0004 0.65 0.0011184 MARTINIQUE 0.84 0.0008 0.58 0.0009185 BERMUDA 0.33 0.0003 0.53 0.0009186 VIRGIN IS US 0.63 0.0006 0.51 0.0008187 GRENADA 0.87 0.0008 0.44 0.0007188 ST LUCIA 0.73 0.0007 0.39 0.0006189 GIBRALTAR 0.34 0.0003 0.38 0.0006190 TIMOR LESTE 0.39 0.0004 0.35 0.0006191 MARSHALL ISLAND 0.21 0.0002 0.35 0.0006192 PANAMA C Z 4.53 0.0044 0.34 0.0006193 ST KITT N A 0.41 0.0004 0.32 0.0005194 LIECHTENSTEIN 0.34 0.0003 0.28 0.0005195 FAROE IS. 0.22 0.0002 0.25 0.0004196 KIRIBATI REP 0.09 0.0001 0.23 0.0004197 WALLIS F IS 0.09 0.0001 0.23 0.0004198 ST VINCENT 0.41 0.0004 0.23 0.0004199 TURKS C IS 0.41 0.0004 0.22 0.0004200 SAO TOME 0.41 0.0004 0.22 0.0004201 TONGA 0.44 0.0004 0.17 0.0003202 CAYMAN IS 0.39 0.0004 0.17 0.0003203 GUINEA BISSAU 0.74 0.0007 0.15 0.0003204 CHANNEL IS 0.11 0.0001 0.15 0.0002205 CAPE VERDE IS 0.15 0.0001 0.14 0.0002206 BR VIRGN IS 0.67 0.0006 0.14 0.0002207 TOKELAU IS 0.07 0.0001 0.13 0.0002208 SAMOA 0.36 0.0003 0.12 0.0002209 GUAM 0.35 0.0003 0.11 0.0002210 ARUBA 0.62 0.0006 0.11 0.0002211 ANDORRA 0.09 0.0001 0.09 0.0002212 MONTSERRAT 0.25 0.0002 0.09 0.0001213 NORFOLK IS 0.09 0.0001 0.09 0.0001214 SOLOMON IS 0.22 0.0002 0.08 0.0001215 NIUE IS 0 0 0.08 0.0001216 FR GUIANA 0.05 0 0.07 0.0001217 AMERI SAMOA 0.29 0.0003 0.05 0.0001218 COCOS IS 0.19 0.0002 0.05 0.0001219 CANARY IS 41.39 0.0401 0.05 0.0001

53

220 PITCAIRN IS. 0 0 0.03 0.0001221 FR S ANT TR 12.87 0.0125 0.03 0222 N. MARIANA IS. 0.05 0.0001 0.02 0223 CHRISTMAS IS. 0.08 0.0001 0.02 0224 PALAU 0.07 0.0001 0.02 0225 NAURU RP 0.01 0 0.01 0226 HEARD

MACDONALD 0.05 0.0001 0.01 0

227 MICRONESIA 0.01 0 0 0228 COOK IS 0.09 0.0001 0 0229 FALKLAND IS 0.03 0 0 0230 GREENLAND 3.37 0.0033 0 0231 ANTARTICA 0.05 0     232 NEUTRAL ZONE 0.06 0.0001     233 SAHARWI A.DM RP 0.01 0     234 TUVALU 0.14 0.0001    

  India's Total Export 103,090.54   61,150.85  

Exchange rate:

2005-2006: 1US$ = Rs. 44.2735

2006-2007(Apr-Sep): 1US$ = Rs. 45.9206

54

Table 3: Import of India Country-wise for the year 2003-2004 to 2004-2005 in US $ Million with there share in total import and there growth rate

S.No. Country 2003-2004 %Share 2004-2005 %Share %Growth1 UNSPECIFIED 20,753.83 26.5565 25,978.91 23.2958 25.182 CHINA 4,053.23 5.1865 7,097.98 6.3649 75.123 U S A 5,034.86 6.4426 7,001.35 6.2783 39.064 SWITZERLAND 3,312.75 4.239 5,939.93 5.3265 79.315 UAE 2,059.85 2.6358 4,641.10 4.1618 125.316 BELGIUM 3,975.92 5.0876 4,588.91 4.115 15.427 Trade to Unspecified

Countries  

  4,382.89 3.9302  

8 GERMANY 2,918.58 3.7346 4,015.35 3.6006 37.589 AUSTRALIA 2,649.24 3.39 3,824.53 3.4295 44.36

10 U K 3,234.35 4.1387 3,566.20 3.1979 10.2611 KOREA RP 2,829.19 3.6202 3,508.77 3.1464 24.0212 JAPAN 2,667.69 3.4136 3,235.13 2.901 21.2713 SINGAPORE 2,085.38 2.6684 2,651.40 2.3776 27.1414 INDONESIA 2,122.08 2.7154 2,617.74 2.3474 23.3615 MALAYSIA 2,046.56 2.6188 2,299.01 2.0616 12.3416 SOUTH AFRICA 1,899.20 2.4302 2,197.67 1.9707 15.7217 FRANCE 1,090.23 1.3951 1,894.10 1.6985 73.7318 HONG KONG 1,492.69 1.91 1,730.13 1.5514 15.9119 ITALY 1,071.04 1.3705 1,373.10 1.2313 28.220 RUSSIA 959.63 1.2279 1,322.74 1.1861 37.8421 SAUDI ARAB 737.77 0.944 1,301.15 1.1668 76.3622 TAIWAN 768.95 0.9839 1,092.07 0.9793 42.0223 ISRAEL 669.76 0.857 988.11 0.8861 47.5324 SWEDEN 698.79 0.8942 937.33 0.8405 34.1425 THAILAND 609.06 0.7793 865.88 0.7764 42.1726 BRAZIL 313.52 0.4012 792.4 0.7106 152.7427 NETHERLAND 535.56 0.6853 791.46 0.7097 47.7828 CANADA 725.89 0.9288 775.72 0.6956 6.8629 QATAR 187.05 0.2394 672.85 0.6034 259.7130 ARGENTINA 523.97 0.6705 539.59 0.4839 2.9831 UKRAINE 235.15 0.3009 538.67 0.483 129.0732 IRAN 266.83 0.3414 410.21 0.3678 53.7433 MYANMAR 409.01 0.5234 405.91 0.364 -0.7634 SPAIN 258.78 0.3311 389.55 0.3493 50.5335 FINLAND 270.09 0.3456 388.81 0.3487 43.9536 SRI LANKA DSR 194.74 0.2492 378.4 0.3393 94.3137 MOROCCO 255.61 0.3271 362.16 0.3248 41.6938 JORDAN 230.27 0.2947 355.89 0.3191 54.5539 NEPAL 286.04 0.366 345.83 0.3101 20.940 CHILE 156.74 0.2006 345.57 0.3099 120.4841 KUWAIT 142.48 0.1823 305.94 0.2743 114.7242 DENMARK 225.6 0.2887 270.22 0.2423 19.7843 AUSTRIA 201.67 0.2581 262.34 0.2352 30.0844 NORWAY 303.02 0.3877 235.08 0.2108 -22.4245 PHILIPPINES 122.11 0.1563 187.39 0.168 53.4646 IRELAND 131.13 0.1678 183.15 0.1642 39.6647 SENEGAL 144.96 0.1855 181.2 0.1625 25

55

48 CZECH REPUBLIC 111.84 0.1431 175.34 0.1572 56.7849 ROMANIA 71.93 0.092 168.44 0.151 134.1950 COTE D' IVOIRE 99.77 0.1277 160.09 0.1436 60.4551 EGYPT A RP 98.21 0.1257 152.64 0.1369 55.4352 TURKEY 73.32 0.0938 134.92 0.121 84.0253 TANZANIA REP 109.32 0.1399 131.65 0.1181 20.4354 NEW ZEALAND 78.89 0.1009 127.96 0.1147 62.255 BAHARAIN IS 74.52 0.0954 121.87 0.1093 63.5456 PAPUA N GNA 0.95 0.0012 95.2 0.0854 9,936.1057 PAKISTAN IR 57.65 0.0738 94.97 0.0852 64.7558 TUNISIA 64.71 0.0828 94.94 0.0851 46.7259 PANAMA REPUBLIC 7.99 0.0102 90.87 0.0815 1,037.3060 POLAND 49.05 0.0628 90.37 0.081 84.2261 VIETNAM SOC REP 38.21 0.0489 86.5 0.0776 126.3562 MEXICO 73.89 0.0946 82.62 0.0741 11.8263 BENIN 53.19 0.0681 79.79 0.0715 5064 BHUTAN 52.37 0.067 71 0.0637 35.5865 GUINEA BISSAU 52.46 0.0671 70.87 0.0635 35.0966 BANGLADESH PR 77.63 0.0993 59.37 0.0532 -23.5267 GHANA 32.93 0.0421 51.28 0.046 55.7168 NIGERIA 75.64 0.0968 48.4 0.0434 -36.0269 AFGHANISTAN TIS 40.51 0.0518 47.01 0.0422 16.0370 KENYA 41.93 0.0537 46.73 0.0419 11.4371 TOGO 20.67 0.0264 46.03 0.0413 122.7572 BAHAMAS 0.07 0.0001 45.4 0.0407 67,584.6173 LIBERIA 4.03 0.0052 45.02 0.0404 1,016.5274 GABON 22.45 0.0287 42.8 0.0384 90.6975 MOZAMBIQUE 23.62 0.0302 41.56 0.0373 75.9876 MALTA 0.93 0.0012 36.86 0.0331 3,872.7377 PERU 29.91 0.0383 36.35 0.0326 21.5278 COSTA RICA 25.61 0.0328 35.47 0.0318 38.4879 HUNGARY 27.32 0.035 31.53 0.0283 15.3980 UZBEKISTAN 27.7 0.0354 31.46 0.0282 13.5881 YEMEN REPUBLC 29.76 0.0381 30.82 0.0276 3.5882 GUINEA 4.25 0.0054 27.59 0.0247 548.5383 ZIMBABWE 16.42 0.021 27.15 0.0243 65.3184 GREECE 47.09 0.0603 23.82 0.0214 -49.4385 ZAMBIA 18.55 0.0237 22.96 0.0206 23.7986 ECUADOR 5.84 0.0075 22.94 0.0206 292.8987 SLOVAK REP 10.62 0.0136 22.89 0.0205 115.5288 SUDAN 31.22 0.0399 22.88 0.0205 -26.7189 CONGO P REP 5.28 0.0068 21.97 0.0197 316.4790 SLOVENIA 60.85 0.0779 21.45 0.0192 -64.7591 OMAN 50.88 0.0651 20.61 0.0185 -59.4992 LEBANON 7.68 0.0098 20.46 0.0184 166.5593 PORTUGAL 13.87 0.0177 18.94 0.017 36.6194 BULGARIA 11.14 0.0143 17.96 0.0161 61.2295 LITHUANIA 10.8 0.0138 17.64 0.0158 63.2996 GEORGIA 5.43 0.0069 15.42 0.0138 183.997 KAZAKHSTAN 9.26 0.0119 15.39 0.0138 66.1898 COLOMBIA 10.47 0.0134 14.17 0.0127 35.3599 TRINIDAD 7.36 0.0094 13.95 0.0125 89.54

100 LIBYA 10.38 0.0133 13.6 0.0122 30.99101 MALI 31.24 0.04 13.07 0.0117 -58.14

56

102 BELARUS 6.74 0.0086 12.32 0.0111 82.79103 CAMEROON 10.3 0.0132 11.71 0.0105 13.74104 GAMBIA 3.77 0.0048 11.52 0.0103 205.61105 TURKMENISTAN 9.34 0.0119 10.87 0.0097 16.37106 ETHIOPIA 7.54 0.0096 10.26 0.0092 36.11107 LUXEMBOURG 44.4 0.0568 9.69 0.0087 -78.17108 KOREA DP RP 1.08 0.0014 9.33 0.0084 765.67109 NEW CALEDONIA 11.26 0.0144 9.18 0.0082 -18.45110 PANAMA C Z 0.53 0.0007 8.75 0.0078 1,557.14111 BURKINA FASO 10.45 0.0134 8.44 0.0076 -19.27112 MADAGASCAR 5.05 0.0065 7.97 0.0071 57.81113 AZERBAIJAN 3.02 0.0039 7.71 0.0069 155.09114 SOMALIA 9.68 0.0124 7.47 0.0067 -22.8115 MAURITIUS 7.54 0.0097 7.19 0.0064 -4.73116 GUYANA 11.93 0.0153 7.17 0.0064 -39.93117 UGANDA 2.05 0.0026 6.6 0.0059 222.25118 ALGERIA 4.47 0.0057 6.31 0.0057 41.17119 MALAWI 4.98 0.0064 5.08 0.0046 2.07120 PUERTO RICO 0.39 0.0005 4.97 0.0045 1,175.63121 CYPRUS 2.6 0.0033 4.83 0.0043 85.74122 UNION OF SERBIA

& MONTENEGRO 3.64 0.0047 4.25 0.0038 16.9

123 TAJIKISTAN 3.95 0.0051 4.09 0.0037 3.37124 URUGUAY 10.22 0.0131 4.05 0.0036 -60.35125 VENEZUELA 2.51 0.0032 4.02 0.0036 60.06126 SYRIA 4.65 0.0059 3.82 0.0034 -17.89127 REUNION 1.26 0.0016 3.44 0.0031 172.53128 SWAZILAND 1.69 0.0022 3.14 0.0028 85.85129 DJIBOUTI 1.19 0.0015 3.12 0.0028 161.24130 PARAGUAY 0.75 0.001 2.77 0.0025 270.86131 DOMINIC REP 1.74 0.0022 2.76 0.0025 58.18132 JAMAICA 0.92 0.0012 2.65 0.0024 188.65133 CONGO D. REP. 0.09 0.0001 2.54 0.0023 2,592.43134 ST VINCENT 1.95 0.0025 2.3 0.0021 17.92135 ICELAND 9.53 0.0122 2.3 0.0021 -75.92136 SIERRA LEONE 6.47 0.0083 2.27 0.002 -64.83137 CROATIA 7.45 0.0095 2.06 0.0018 -72.4138 EL SALVADOR 1.09 0.0014 1.83 0.0016 68.22139 CUBA 1.85 0.0024 1.73 0.0015 -6.5140 NAURU RP 3.66 0.0047 1.69 0.0015 -53.87141 CHAD 3.44 0.0044 1.56 0.0014 -54.63142 BERMUDA     1.3 0.0012  143 MAURITANIA 0.03 0 1.28 0.0011 3,850.11144 IRAQ 0.14 0.0002 1.12 0.001 711.18145 LATVIA 0.43 0.0005 1.1 0.001 159.59146 GUATEMALA 0.2 0.0003 1.06 0.001 441.52147 HAITI 0.48 0.0006 1.02 0.0009 112.95148 ERITREA 0.25 0.0003 0.99 0.0009 300.67149 SURINAME 0.51 0.0007 0.96 0.0009 87.26150 MONACO 0.01 0 0.94 0.0008 9,673.62151 ANGOLA     0.91 0.0008  152 ARMENIA 0.66 0.0008 0.78 0.0007 17.63153 EQUTL GUINEA 0.26 0.0003 0.72 0.0006 177.09154 NIGER 2.21 0.0028 0.72 0.0006 -67.25

57

155 RWANDA     0.72 0.0006  156 ESTONIA 0.24 0.0003 0.72 0.0006 200157 GUADELOUPE     0.71 0.0006  158 KYRGHYZSTAN 0.54 0.0007 0.63 0.0006 15.04159 MALDIVES 0.37 0.0005 0.61 0.0005 63.32160 SEYCHELLES 0.07 0.0001 0.58 0.0005 751.6161 BRUNEI 0.34 0.0004 0.54 0.0005 59.89162 LIECHTENSTEIN 0.02 0 0.51 0.0005 3,165.53163 BURUNDI 0.3 0.0004 0.43 0.0004 43.34164 BOTSWANA 0.05 0.0001 0.42 0.0004 685.36165 DOMINICA 0.11 0.0001 0.34 0.0003 217.18166 FIJI IS 1.71 0.0022 0.3 0.0003 -82.39167 SOLOMON IS 2.25 0.0029 0.29 0.0003 -86.89168 C AFRI REP 0.12 0.0002 0.26 0.0002 108.62169 CAMBODIA 0.28 0.0004 0.24 0.0002 -12.65170 HONDURAS     0.23 0.0002  171 GUAM     0.21 0.0002  172 BOLIVIA 1.73 0.0022 0.21 0.0002 -87.65173 MONGOLIA 0.74 0.001 0.21 0.0002 -72.38174 VANUATU REP 13.63 0.0174 0.2 0.0002 -98.51175 NICARAGUA 0.34 0.0004 0.2 0.0002 -41.21176 WALLIS F IS     0.16 0.0001  177 COMOROS 0.48 0.0006 0.15 0.0001 -69.13178 MOLDOVA 0.04 0.0001 0.15 0.0001 257.77179 BOSNIA-HRZGOVIN 2.04 0.0026 0.12 0.0001 -94.01180 ST PIERRE 0.01 0 0.1 0.0001 866.3181 NORFOLK IS     0.09 0.0001  182 MACEDONIA 0.05 0.0001 0.08 0.0001 54.85183 FR S ANT TR     0.08 0.0001  184 VIRGIN IS US 0.12 0.0002 0.07 0.0001 -42.22185 AMERI SAMOA 0 0 0.05 0 1,029.41186 LAO PD RP 0.13 0.0002 0.05 0 -59.65187 NAMIBIA 0.1 0.0001 0.05 0 -51.09188 ST HELENA 0.01 0 0.04 0 349.38189 GRENADA 0.12 0.0002 0.04 0 -70.38190 ALBANIA 0.02 0 0.03 0 106.94191 MONTSERRAT 0.02 0 0.02 0 27.53192 ANDORRA 0 0 0.02 0 892.45193 ARUBA     0.02 0  194 TIMOR LESTE 0.02 0 0.01 0 -38.12195 GREENLAND 0 0 0.01 0 2,021.15196 BARBADOS 0.05 0.0001 0.01 0 -80.9197 BELIZE     0.01 0  198 MICRONESIA 0 0 0.01 0 1,908.05199 FR POLYNESIA     0.01 0  200 ANTIGUA 0.46 0.0006 0.01 0 -98.61201 CAYMAN IS     0 0  202 GIBRALTAR     0 0  203 MARTINIQUE 0.01 0 0 0 -53.69204 TOKELAU IS     0 0  205 BR VIRGN IS 0 0 0 0 78.92206 PITCAIRN IS.     0 0  207 MARSHALL ISLAND 10.63 0.0136 0 0 -99.99208 MACAO 2.43 0.0031 0 0 -99.99

58

209 NETHERLANDANTIL 0.2 0.0003      210 LESOTHO 0.01 0      211 KIRIBATI REP 0.17 0.0002      212 CHRISTMAS IS. 0.04 0      213 SAMOA 0.01 0      214 TONGA 0.81 0.001      215 TURKS C IS 0.01 0      216 TUVALU 0 0      

  India's Total Import 78,149.61   111,517.44   42.7

Exchange rate:

2003-2004: 1US$ = Rs. 45.9513

2004-2005: 1US$ = Rs. 44.9315

59

Table 4: Import of India Country-wise for the year 2005-2006 to 2006-2007 (up to Sep.) in US $ Million with there share in the total import of the country and growth rate.

S.No. Country 2005-2006 %Share2006-2007(Apr-

Sep) %Share

1 CHINA 10,868.05 7.2859 7,991.95 9.1462 SAUDI ARAB 1,632.34 1.0943 7,193.43 8.23223 U S A 9,454.74 6.3384 5,066.65 5.79834 U ARAB EMTS 4,354.08 2.919 4,422.37 5.0615 SWITZERLAND 6,555.80 4.395 3,933.64 4.50176 NIGERIA 72.46 0.0486 3,891.39 4.45337 IRAN 702.46 0.4709 3,824.82 4.37718 GERMANY 6,023.63 4.0382 3,586.45 4.10439 AUSTRALIA 4,947.91 3.3171 3,398.68 3.8895

10 IRAQ 2.05 0.0014 2,969.50 3.398311 KUWAIT 461.85 0.3096 2,892.07 3.309712 SINGAPORE 3,353.77 2.2484 2,698.23 3.087913 MALAYSIA 2,415.61 1.6194 2,562.51 2.932514 KOREA RP 4,563.85 3.0596 2,400.91 2.747615 JAPAN 4,061.10 2.7225 2,144.93 2.454716 BELGIUM 4,725.14 3.1677 1,950.80 2.232517 U K 3,930.30 2.6349 1,911.99 2.188118 INDONESIA 3,008.11 2.0166 1,760.63 2.014919 SOUTH AFRICA 2,471.80 1.6571 1,288.74 1.474820 ITALY 1,855.63 1.244 1,248.17 1.428421 HONG KONG 2,206.98 1.4795 1,221.42 1.397822 QATAR 901.62 0.6044 1,123.71 1.28623 YEMEN REPUBLC 10 0.0067 1,109.86 1.270124 FRANCE 4,113.30 2.7575 974.73 1.115525 EGYPT A RP 220.44 0.1478 935.22 1.070326 SWEDEN 1,172.20 0.7858 898.4 1.028127 RUSSIA 2,022.19 1.3557 869.42 0.99528 TAIWAN 1,382.96 0.9271 813.59 0.931129 THAILAND 1,211.58 0.8122 812.33 0.929630 CHILE 434.5 0.2913 778.93 0.891431 CANADA 919.87 0.6167 574.04 0.656932 ARGENTINA 754.04 0.5055 541.83 0.620133 UKRAINE 792.39 0.5312 521.78 0.597134 NETHERLAND 1,049.55 0.7036 512.35 0.586335 ISRAEL 1,031.19 0.6913 497.1 0.568936 MYANMAR 525.96 0.3526 395.44 0.452537 BRAZIL 893.06 0.5987 377.17 0.431638 FINLAND 583.48 0.3912 315.24 0.360839 KOREA DP RP 56.57 0.0379 309.26 0.353940 SPAIN 573.46 0.3844 302.38 0.34641 OMAN 265.59 0.178 279.69 0.320142 MEXICO 97.61 0.0654 268.31 0.307143 SRI LANKA DSR 577.7 0.3873 265.51 0.303944 MOROCCO 456.37 0.3059 250.58 0.286845 UNSPECIFIED 24,807.23 16.6307 233.03 0.266746 JORDAN 442.33 0.2965 232.78 0.2664

60

47 BAHARAIN IS 189.56 0.1271 225.87 0.258548 PAPUA N GNA 64.12 0.043 208.13 0.238249 GUINEA 22.25 0.0149 192.81 0.220750 AUSTRIA 344.02 0.2306 192 0.219751 DENMARK 515.94 0.3459 187.26 0.214352 NORWAY 289.34 0.194 186.19 0.213153 ALGERIA 14.65 0.0098 176.94 0.202554 CZECH REPUBLIC 260.38 0.1746 175.74 0.201155 IRELAND 161.91 0.1085 174.14 0.199356 VENEZUELA 9.55 0.0064 153 0.175157 PAKISTAN IR 179.56 0.1204 148.61 0.170158 NEW ZEALAND 216.63 0.1452 143.36 0.164159 NEPAL 379.85 0.2546 140.46 0.160760 COTE D' IVOIRE 193.92 0.13 136.7 0.156461 BANGLADESH PR 127.03 0.0852 128.31 0.146862 BRUNEI 0.88 0.0006 128.18 0.146763 ANGOLA 3.25 0.0022 125.86 0.14464 ROMANIA 270.12 0.1811 111.46 0.127665 PHILIPPINES 235.49 0.1579 100.42 0.114966 TURKEY 193.8 0.1299 98.71 0.11367 PANAMA REPUBLIC 247.44 0.1659 94.95 0.108768 TUNISIA 101.15 0.0678 91.46 0.104769 VIETNAM SOC REP 131.39 0.0881 89.61 0.102670 PERU 23.06 0.0155 77.54 0.088771 GEORGIA 19.87 0.0133 69.47 0.079572 ZAMBIA 40.56 0.0272 67.59 0.077473 BENIN 77.47 0.0519 59.17 0.067774 POLAND 107.81 0.0723 56.29 0.064475 BHUTAN 88.77 0.0595 55.06 0.06376 LIBYA 11.94 0.008 53.01 0.060777 GHANA 78.93 0.0529 50.63 0.057978 AMERI SAMOA 0.29 0.0002 48.24 0.055279 SUDAN 32.62 0.0219 47.69 0.054680 TOGO 79.26 0.0531 45.86 0.052581 KAZAKHSTAN 26.3 0.0176 33.57 0.038482 SWAZILAND 23.63 0.0158 32.78 0.037583 SYRIA 5.13 0.0034 30.21 0.034684 COLOMBIA 9.36 0.0063 30.09 0.034485 GREECE 56.37 0.0378 29.11 0.033386 CONGO P REP 43.94 0.0295 28.77 0.032987 KENYA 48.52 0.0325 27.92 0.03288 AFGHANISTAN TIS 58.42 0.0392 27.01 0.030989 GUINEA BISSAU 96.13 0.0644 26.45 0.030390 CROATIA 29.49 0.0198 25.5 0.029291 BELARUS 37.86 0.0254 25.29 0.028992 LUXEMBOURG 16.1 0.0108 23.91 0.027493 COSTA RICA 37.86 0.0254 23.2 0.026594 HUNGARY 31.62 0.0212 22.57 0.025895 SLOVENIA 23.61 0.0158 21.29 0.024496 ECUADOR 20.33 0.0136 18.79 0.021597 BR VIRGN IS 0.19 0.0001 18.51 0.021298 BULGARIA 24.06 0.0161 18.1 0.020799 SENEGAL 292.56 0.1961 17.74 0.0203

100 TANZANIA REP 119.76 0.0803 17.67 0.0202

61

101 GABON 42.09 0.0282 17.56 0.0201102 ESTONIA 9.02 0.006 16.35 0.0187103 ZIMBABWE 25.55 0.0171 15.93 0.0182104 LITHUANIA 28.96 0.0194 15.26 0.0175105 GAMBIA 12.9 0.0086 14.41 0.0165106 PORTUGAL 30.25 0.0203 14.07 0.0161107 NEW CALEDONIA 3.11 0.0021 11.5 0.0132108 UZBEKISTAN 26.13 0.0175 11.03 0.0126109 TURKMENISTAN 12.35 0.0083 9.52 0.0109110 SLOVAK REP 39.86 0.0267 9.5 0.0109111 SOMALIA 11.56 0.0077 9.36 0.0107112 CYPRUS 25.53 0.0171 9.21 0.0105113 GUYANA 21.25 0.0142 9.06 0.0104114 MOZAMBIQUE 50.61 0.0339 8.31 0.0095115 CONGO D. REP. 14.21 0.0095 8.12 0.0093116 BAHAMAS 0.21 0.0001 8.1 0.0093117 MADAGASCAR 16.36 0.011 6.59 0.0075118 TAJIKISTAN 5.89 0.0039 6.49 0.0074119 MAURITIUS 7.33 0.0049 5.95 0.0068120 LEBANON 18.51 0.0124 5.29 0.0061121 BELIZE 0.03 0 4.95 0.0057122 NIGER 0.76 0.0005 4.59 0.0053123 AZERBAIJAN 5.86 0.0039 4.18 0.0048124 LIBERIA 126.65 0.0849 4.12 0.0047125 MALTA 15.83 0.0106 4.1 0.0047126 ETHIOPIA 8.52 0.0057 3.98 0.0046127 URUGUAY 4.04 0.0027 3.53 0.004128 ICELAND 6.32 0.0042 2.97 0.0034129 LATVIA 10.13 0.0068 2.94 0.0034130 NAMIBIA 20.77 0.0139 2.8 0.0032131 CAMEROON 12.23 0.0082 2.76 0.0032132 BURKINA FASO 2.69 0.0018 2.69 0.0031133 REUNION 3.31 0.0022 2.68 0.0031134 PUERTO RICO 7.31 0.0049 2.63 0.003135 UGANDA 2.84 0.0019 2 0.0023136 MONGOLIA 1.62 0.0011 1.65 0.0019137 PARAGUAY 4.21 0.0028 1.6 0.0018138 MALDIVES 1.98 0.0013 1.48 0.0017139 ST PIERRE 3.56 0.0024 1.48 0.0017140 SIERRA LEONE 3.56 0.0024 1.34 0.0015141 DOMINIC REP 5.34 0.0036 1.25 0.0014142 EL SALVADOR 2.06 0.0014 1.23 0.0014143 HONDURAS 0.31 0.0002 1.08 0.0012144 SAMOA 0.06 0 1.08 0.0012145 UNION OF SERBIA &

MONTENEGRO 1.95 0.0013 0.97 0.0011

146 DJIBOUTI 3.35 0.0022 0.92 0.0011147 MALI 2.57 0.0017 0.9 0.001148 SURINAME 6.48 0.0043 0.84 0.001149 BOLIVIA 0.94 0.0006 0.81 0.0009150 RWANDA 0.04 0 0.7 0.0008151 NETHERLANDANTIL 0.06 0 0.64 0.0007152 GUATEMALA 1.83 0.0012 0.62 0.0007153 MAURITANIA 1.02 0.0007 0.59 0.0007

62

154 KYRGHYZSTAN 1.47 0.001 0.59 0.0007155 TIMOR LESTE 0.04 0 0.58 0.0007156 NAURU RP 0.18 0.0001 0.56 0.0006157 CUBA 3.32 0.0022 0.53 0.0006158 BERMUDA 0.04 0 0.52 0.0006159 MALAWI 1.8 0.0012 0.49 0.0006160 ARMENIA 2.08 0.0014 0.48 0.0006161 COMOROS 3.88 0.0026 0.35 0.0004162 LAO PD RP 0.1 0.0001 0.33 0.0004163 SEYCHELLES 1.15 0.0008 0.29 0.0003164 ST VINCENT 74.24 0.0498 0.28 0.0003165 SOLOMON IS 2.77 0.0019 0.27 0.0003166 JAMAICA 2.14 0.0014 0.26 0.0003167 CAMBODIA 0.78 0.0005 0.23 0.0003168 MACEDONIA 3.84 0.0026 0.22 0.0002169 CAPE VERDE IS 0 0 0.2 0.0002170 VANUATU REP 48.1 0.0322 0.2 0.0002171 NIUE IS     0.19 0.0002172 BOSNIA-HRZGOVIN 0.39 0.0003 0.17 0.0002173 TRINIDAD 1.82 0.0012 0.17 0.0002174 GUAM 1.18 0.0008 0.17 0.0002175 MONACO 0.09 0.0001 0.15 0.0002176 C AFRI REP 0.37 0.0002 0.15 0.0002177 FR GUIANA 0.4 0.0003 0.14 0.0002178 LIECHTENSTEIN 0.79 0.0005 0.14 0.0002179 FIJI IS 0.85 0.0006 0.13 0.0001180 MOLDOVA 0.21 0.0001 0.11 0.0001181 EQUTL GUINEA 0.07 0 0.1 0.0001182 ERITREA 0.99 0.0007 0.1 0.0001183 ST HELENA 0.49 0.0003 0.1 0.0001184 GRENADA 0.16 0.0001 0.06 0.0001185 ANTIGUA 0.12 0.0001 0.06 0.0001186 BARBADOS 0.04 0 0.06 0.0001187 TURKS C IS 3.5 0.0023 0.05 0.0001188 VIRGIN IS US 0.37 0.0002 0.05 0.0001189 MONTSERRAT 0.06 0 0.05 0.0001190 HAITI 0.29 0.0002 0.04 0191 NICARAGUA 5.49 0.0037 0.04 0192 TONGA 0.11 0.0001 0.04 0193 CHAD 0.07 0 0.04 0194 ALBANIA 0.19 0.0001 0.04 0195 KIRIBATI REP     0.03 0196 GREENLAND 0 0 0.03 0197 BOTSWANA 0.14 0.0001 0.02 0198 DOMINICA 0.17 0.0001 0.02 0199 MICRONESIA     0.02 0200 FAROE IS. 0.02 0 0.01 0201 GIBRALTAR 0.36 0.0002 0.01 0202 FR POLYNESIA 0.02 0 0.01 0203 TOKELAU IS 0.03 0 0.01 0204 ANDORRA     0.01 0205 ST KITT N A 0.01 0 0 0206 WALLIS F IS 0 0 0 0207 ST LUCIA 0.01 0 0 0

63

208 COOK IS 0.01 0 0 0209 MARSHALL ISLAND 178.97 0.12 0 0210 GUADELOUPE 0.26 0.0002 0 0211 MACAO 0.16 0.0001 0 0212 CAYMAN IS 0.02 0 0 0213 MARTINIQUE 0.04 0 0 0214 LESOTHO 0 0     215 BURUNDI 0.04 0     216 CHRISTMAS IS. 0.07 0     217 FR S ANT TR 0 0     218 SAO TOME 0.02 0     219 NORFOLK IS 0.13 0.0001     220 PANAMA C Z 0.48 0.0003     221 PITCAIRN IS. 0 0     222 Trade to Unspecified Countries 19,473.95 13.0552     223 TUVALU 0 0    

  India's Total Import 149,165.73   87,381.77  

Exchange rate:

2005-2006: 1US$ = Rs. 44.2735

2006-2007(Apr-Sep): 1US$ = Rs. 45.9206