An overview of the activities of our team

Authors:• Rosa Graciela Cohen• Alba Graciela Papeschi• Ximena Inés Pastorino• Francisco Amat

• Lagoon in Comandancia Frías (Chaco Prov.): 24º 30´S, 62º 15´W• Salinas Grandes (NO Córdoba Prov.): 26º 30´-31º 40´S, 64º 15´-66º 25´W• Lagoon 40km Northern Los Juríes (Santiago del Estero Prov.): 28º 03´S, 62º 10´W• La Antigua Saline (La Rioja Prov.): 29º 54´S, 66º 07´W• Mar Chiquita Lake (Córdoba Prov.): 30º 30´- 31º S, 62º 10´- 63º 10´W• Pampa de las Salinas (San Luis-La Rioja Prov.): 32º S, 66º 41’ W• Las Tunas Lagoon (Córdoba Prov.): 33º 44´S, 62º 32´W• Lagoon in Trenque Lauquen (Buenos Aires Prov.): 35° 48´S, 62° 55´W • Lagoon in Área de Naicó (La Pampa Prov.): approximately 36º52´S, 64º 24´W• Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo (La Pampa Prov.): 37º 13´S, 63º 26´W• Utracán Lagoon (La Pampa Prov.): 37º 17´14´´S, 64º 37´14´´W• Guatraché Lagoon (La Pampa Prov.): 37º44´25´´S, 63º 33´15´´W• El Carrizal Lagoon (La Pampa Prov.): 37º 50´48´´S, 63º 46´54´´W • Colorada Grande Saline or Lagoon (La Pampa Prov.): 38° 18´S, 63° 42´W• Colorada Chica Saline or Lagoon (La Pampa Prov.): 38º 23´S, 63º 36´W• Callaqueo Saline or Lagoon (La Pampa Prov.): 38º 34´S, 63º 32´W • Salitral de la Vidriera (= de Garnica) (Buenos Aires Prov.): 38° 42´S, 62° 40´W• Salinas Chicas (Buenos Aires Prov.): 38º 44´S, 62º 57´W• Lagoon in San Miguel Field (= of Winchel) (Buenos Aires Prov.): approximately 39ºS, 62º 30´W • Palos Blancos Saline or Lagoon (Buenos Aires Prov.): approximately 39ºS, 62º 30´W• Lagoon in Hotel Las Termas (Pedro Luro, Buenos Aires Prov.): 39° 30´S, 62°35´W • Villalonga Lagoon (=de los Gauchos) (Buenos Aires Prov.): 39° 51´S, 62° 32´W• Salitral and Saline of Bajo del Gualicho (Río Negro Prov.): 40º 24´S, 65º 13´W • Salina de Luzzetti (Buenos Aires Prov.): approximately 40º 35´S, 62º 40´W• Salina del Algarrobo (Buenos Aires Prov.): 40° 36´S, 62° 56´W • Salina de Piedras (= Salina de Cagliero) (Buenos Aires Prov.): 40° 41´S, 62° 40´W• Saline Pond at the edge of Nat. Route 3, km 1128 (R. Negro Prov.):approximately 40º 43´S, 65º W • Salina del Inglés (Buenos Aires Prov.): 40° 43´S, 62° 28´W

MORPHOLOGY BIOMETRY OF CYSTS AND NAUPLII MORFOMETRY OF ADULTS CYTOGENETIC INTER AND INTRAPOPULATIONAL

CROSS-BREEDING LIPID PROFILES

• Lagoon in Comandancia Frías (Chaco Prov.): 24º 30´S, 62º 15´W• Salinas Grandes (NO Córdoba Prov.): 26º 30´-31º 40´S, 64º 15´-66º 25´W• Lagoon 40km Northern Los Juríes (Santiago del Estero Prov.): 28º 03´S, 62º 10´W• La Antigua Saline (La Rioja Prov.): 29º 54´S, 66º 07´W• Mar Chiquita Lake (Córdoba Prov.): 30º 30´- 31º S, 62º 10´- 63º 10´W• Pampa de las Salinas (San Luis-La Rioja Prov.): 32º S, 66º 41’ W• Las Tunas Lagoon (Córdoba Prov.): 33º 44´S, 62º 32´W• Lagoon in Trenque Lauquen (Buenos Aires Prov.): 35° 48´S, 62° 55´W • Lagoon in Área de Naicó (La Pampa Prov.): approximately 36º52´S, 64º 24´W• Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo (La Pampa Prov.): 37º 13´S, 63º 26´W• Utracán Lagoon (La Pampa Prov.): 37º 17´14´´S, 64º 37´14´´W• Guatraché Lagoon (La Pampa Prov.): 37º44´25´´S, 63º 33´15´´W• El Carrizal Lagoon (La Pampa Prov.): 37º 50´48´´S, 63º 46´54´´W • Colorada Grande Saline or Lagoon (La Pampa Prov.): 38° 18´S, 63° 42´W• Colorada Chica Saline or Lagoon (La Pampa Prov.): 38º 23´S, 63º 36´W• Callaqueo Saline or Lagoon (La Pampa Prov.): 38º 34´S, 63º 32´W • Salitral de la Vidriera (= de Garnica) (Buenos Aires Prov.): 38° 42´S, 62° 40´W• Salinas Chicas (Buenos Aires Prov.): 38º 44´S, 62º 57´W• Lagoon in San Miguel Field (= of Winchel) (Buenos Aires Prov.): approximately 39ºS, 62º 30´W • Palos Blancos Saline or Lagoon (Buenos Aires Prov.): approximately 39ºS, 62º 30´W• Lagoon in Hotel Las Termas (Pedro Luro, Buenos Aires Prov.): 39° 30´S, 62°35´W • Villalonga Lagoon (=de los Gauchos) (Buenos Aires Prov.): 39° 51´S, 62° 32´W• Salitral and Saline of Bajo del Gualicho (Río Negro Prov.): 40º 24´S, 65º 13´W • Salina de Luzzetti (Buenos Aires Prov.): approximately 40º 35´S, 62º 40´W• Salina del Algarrobo (Buenos Aires Prov.): 40° 36´S, 62° 56´W • Salina de Piedras (= Salina de Cagliero) (Buenos Aires Prov.): 40° 41´S, 62° 40´W• Saline Pond at the edge of Nat. Route 3, km 1128 (R. Negro Prov.):approximately 40º 43´S, 65º W • Salina del Inglés (Buenos Aires Prov.): 40° 43´S, 62° 28´W

CHILE

Salinas de Cahuil (Pichilemu)34° 25’ S

ARGENTINA

Lagoon in Trenque Lauquen (Buenos

Aires) 35°48´S

A. franciscana

A. persimilis

MORPHOLOGY OF ADULTSThe proportions of the body in both sexes: lengths and widths of thorax and abdomenThe size of the frontal knob in the antenna of the maleThe presence or not of a characteristic saddle-like ornamentation on the back of genital segments in the female.The shape and size of furcal rami and the number of setae they bear, in both sexes.

Population of Las Tunas Lagoon

•33° 44’ S latitude• Assigned to A. franciscana by MORPHOLOGY OF ADULTS

OTHER TECHNIQUES CARRIED OUT:

• MORPHOMETRY of ADULTS• CYTOGENETIC STUDIES•BIOMETRY OF CYSTS

•INTRA AND INTERPOPULATIONAL CROSSES

CYTOGENETIC STUDIESa) Abnormalities in the meiosis chromosomes Heteromorphic bivalents Univalents out of plate at metaphase I Laggards at anaphase Ib) Nuclei with an unexpected haploid number: Telophase I poles with different haploid chromosome number Meiotic nuclei with n = 22, n = 23 and n = 21.

BIOMETRY OF CYSTS

Mean diameter intermediate among those belonging to

several A. franciscana and A. persimilis populations.

Intra Populational Crosses

% oviparism % ovoviviparism Ratio ovip/ ovoviviparism

SGH x SGH 9 91 0.1 SFB x SFB 20 80 0.25

MCH x MCH 22 78 0.29 LT x LT 19 81 0.24

Intra Populational Crosses

% oviparism % ovoviviparism Ratio ovip/ ovoviviparism

SGH x SGH 9 91 0.1 SFB x SFB 20 80 0.25

MCH x MCH 22 78 0.29 LT x LT 19 81 0.24

Intra Populational Crosses

% oviparism % ovoviviparism Ratio ovip/ ovoviviparism

SGH x SGH 9 91 0.1 SFB x SFB 20 80 0.25

MCH x MCH 22 78 0.29 LT x LT 19 81 0.24

Inter Populational Crosses

% oviparism % ovoviviparism Ratio ovip/ ovoviviparism

LT x SGH 73 27 2.7 SGH x LT 57 43 1.3 MCH x LT 72 28 2.6 LT x MCH 72 28 2.6

MCH x SGH 0 100 0 SGH x MCH 20 80 0.25

Inter Populational Crosses

% oviparism % ovoviviparism Ratio ovip/ ovoviviparism

LT x SGH 73 27 2.7 SGH x LT 57 43 1.3 MCH x LT 72 28 2.6 LT x MCH 72 28 2.6

MCH x SGH 0 100 0 SGH x MCH 20 80 0.25

Inter Populational Crosses

% oviparism % ovoviviparism Ratio ovip/ ovoviviparism

LT x SGH 73 27 2.7 SGH x LT 57 43 1.3 MCH x LT 72 28 2.6 LT x MCH 72 28 2.6

MCH x SGH 0 100 0 SGH x MCH 20 80 0.25

Inter Populational Crosses

% oviparism % ovoviviparism Ratio ovip/ ovoviviparism

LT x SGH 73 27 2.7 SGH x LT 57 43 1.3 MCH x LT 72 28 2.6 LT x MCH 72 28 2.6

MCH x SGH 0 100 0 SGH x MCH 20 80 0.25

Viability of the Offspring %Viability in

Oviparism* %Viability in

Ovoviviparism** % viability total

off spring

LT x LT 58 54 56 MCH x LT 85 68 77 LT x MCH 96 59 78 MCHxMCH 98 94 96 SGHxSGH 94 98 96 LT x SGH 0 0 0 SGH x LT 2 0 1 MCHxSGH - 0 0 SGHxMCH 0 0 0 SFB xSGH 0 0 0 SGH xSFB 1 1 1

*excluded cysts improperly shelled*excluded dead nauplii + abortive embryos

Viability of the Offspring %Viability in

Oviparism* %Viability in

Ovoviviparism** % viability total

off spring

LT x LT 58 54 56 MCH x LT 85 68 77 LT x MCH 96 59 78 MCHxMCH 98 94 96 SGHxSGH 94 98 96 LT x SGH 0 0 0 SGH x LT 2 0 1 MCHxSGH - 0 0 SGHxMCH 0 0 0 SFB xSGH 0 0 0 SGH xSFB 1 1 1

Expected High viability

*excluded cysts improperly shelled*excluded dead nauplii + abortive embryos

Viability of the Offspring %Viability in

Oviparism* %Viability in

Ovoviviparism** % viability total

off spring

LT x LT 58 54 56 MCH x LT 85 68 77 LT x MCH 96 59 78 MCHxMCH 98 94 96 SGHxSGH 94 98 96 LT x SGH 0 0 0 SGH x LT 2 0 1 MCHxSGH - 0 0 SGHxMCH 0 0 0 SFB xSGH 0 0 0 SGH xSFB 1 1 1

Unexpected Low viability

*excluded cysts improperly shelled*excluded dead nauplii + abortive embryos

Viability of the Offspring

*excluded cysts improperly shelled*excluded dead nauplii + abortive embryos

%Viability in Oviparism*

%Viability in Ovoviviparism**

% viability total off spring

LT x LT 58 54 56 MCH x LT 85 68 77 LT x MCH 96 59 78 MCHxMCH 98 94 96 SGHxSGH 94 98 96 LT x SGH 0 0 0 SGH x LT 2 0 1 MCHxSGH - 0 0 SGHxMCH 0 0 0 SFB xSGH 0 0 0 SGH xSFB 1 1 1

Intermediate Results

Viability of the Offspring

*excluded cysts improperly shelled*excluded dead nauplii + abortive embryos

%Viability in Oviparism*

%Viability in Ovoviviparism**

% viability total off spring

LT x LT 58 54 56 MCH x LT 85 68 77 LT x MCH 96 59 78 MCHxMCH 98 94 96 SGHxSGH 94 98 96 LT x SGH 0 0 0 SGH x LT 2 0 1 MCHxSGH - 0 0 SGHxMCH 0 0 0 SFB xSGH 0 0 0 SGH xSFB 1 1 1

Expected Inviability

On the basis of our results we have hypothesized that LT population may be subjected at least to a certain degree of natural hybridization. The geographical proximity of this population with other

populations of both A. franciscana and A. persimilis, would allow cysts from both species to converge sporadically in Las

Tunas Lagoon, brought by means of winds or waterfowls.

CYTOGENETICS STUDIESHave also been performed in other populations assigned to A. franciscana. Mar Chiquita Lake Salinas Grandes (NW Córdoba Prov.) Pampa de las Salinas La Antigua Saline

In all these cases, the specific assignation was confirmed, as all the individuals have shown:

regular meiosis and n = 21. nauplii with 2n = 42 all interphase nuclei from somatic cells with numerous DAPI and CMA bright chromocenters, both in diploid and polyploid cells.

Thank you for your attention