An Overview:An Overview: GITAGITA’’ss Geospatially Geospatially

Enabling Community Enabling Community Collaboration (Collaboration (GECCoGECCo))

BackgroundBackground

Maryland Digital Cultural Heritage Projecthttp://www.mdch.org/fire/#

In those days, the thread on fire hydrants and fire hoses was not standardized; each county and city had its own kind of thread. When the first out-of-town firefighters rushed from Washington to help, they could do little. Because they could not use their fire hoses, the firefighters could only marginally increase the amount of water thrown on the fire. As a result, the fire took longer to put out than it would have otherwise.

When Baltimore burned in 1904, fire departments figured they had to standardize

331 Years of Experience in the US331 Years of Experience in the US

Emergency services are standards based organizationsEmergency services are standards based organizations

Standard of careStandard of care

Interoperability/interchangeabilityInteroperability/interchangeability

Organizational consistency (NIMS/ICS)Organizational consistency (NIMS/ICS)

ScalabilityScalability

Continuity of operations/common operating pictureContinuity of operations/common operating picture

When the incident occurs IS NOT the time for innovationWhen the incident occurs IS NOT the time for innovation

George Washington was a volunteer firefighter with Friendship Veterans Fire Co.

TakeTake--away: When the crisis occurs away: When the crisis occurs is not the time to invent, improvise, is not the time to invent, improvise,

or discover a lack of or discover a lack of interoperabilityinteroperability

Understand basic needs and potential implementations Understand basic needs and potential implementations before inserting solutionsbefore inserting solutions

Solutions must be vetted, tested, and trained uponSolutions must be vetted, tested, and trained upon

Train together!Train together!

Would you want my fire department’s first use of a new set of Jaws-of-Life rescue tools to occur when you are trapped in your vehicle after a wreck? The analogy

applies to any geospatial product you might insert during a crisis.

GECCoGECCo OverviewOverview

In 2002 GITA created the In 2002 GITA created the GECCoGECCo Program to respond Program to respond to Presidential Directive 7, to Presidential Directive 7, “…“…reduce and/or eliminate reduce and/or eliminate the vulnerability of the the vulnerability of the infrastructures of societyinfrastructures of society’’s s complex technology complex technology systems that increase the systems that increase the difficulty for attacks on US difficulty for attacks on US systemssystems

GECCoGECCo OverviewOverview

JapanJapan’’s ROADIC Programs ROADIC Program

85% of critical infrastructure privately owned and 85% of critical infrastructure privately owned and operatedoperated

User driven, bottomUser driven, bottom--up versus top downup versus top down

Supports/enables ongoing FSupports/enables ongoing F--SS--L emergency L emergency management and infrastructure protectionmanagement and infrastructure protection

Ongoing coordination with the Department of Homeland Ongoing coordination with the Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Geographic Data CommitteeSecurity and the Federal Geographic Data Committee

GECCoGECCo ObjectivesObjectives

To provide a framework by which public and private organizationsTo provide a framework by which public and private organizations can can better collaborate and share information to protect critical better collaborate and share information to protect critical infrastructure and relate interdependencies infrastructure and relate interdependencies

To assist infrastructure owners with: To assist infrastructure owners with:

-- Identifying and accessing the Identifying and accessing the interdependencies of critical interdependencies of critical infrastructureinfrastructure

-- Building an actionable plan for Building an actionable plan for mitigating and protecting those mitigating and protecting those critical infrastructurescritical infrastructures

-- Establishing procedures and standardsEstablishing procedures and standards

GECCoGECCo ProcessProcess

Find organizations willing to take on leadership role to bring Find organizations willing to take on leadership role to bring stakeholders together to support critical infrastructure protectstakeholders together to support critical infrastructure protectionion

Hold a Hold a ““kickkick--offoff”” interactive regional workshop to raise awareness interactive regional workshop to raise awareness and facilitate networkingand facilitate networking

Design and conduct an infrastructure protection and Design and conduct an infrastructure protection and interdependencies tabletop exerciseinterdependencies tabletop exercise

Identify gaps and recommend solutionsIdentify gaps and recommend solutions

Develop a prioritized action plan of activities for inclusion inDevelop a prioritized action plan of activities for inclusion into a to a critical infrastructure strategycritical infrastructure strategy

Define project requirements, assist with securing funding and Define project requirements, assist with securing funding and technical assistance for implementationtechnical assistance for implementation

Interoperability Between The Emergency Interoperability Between The Emergency Response and Geospatial Communities?Response and Geospatial Communities?

Operational Friction?Operational Friction?

Without Further Horse WhippingWithout Further Horse Whipping……

Geospatial technologies may play a crucial supporting role in Geospatial technologies may play a crucial supporting role in crisis/emergency management crisis/emergency management –– your map can save lives or your map can save lives or contribute to their losscontribute to their loss

Standardization of spatial technologies as applicable to emergenStandardization of spatial technologies as applicable to emergency cy response is required:response is required: PlanningPlanningMitigation/PreventionMitigation/PreventionResponseResponseRecoveryRecovery

Delta K-9 Search and Rescue trains with a new dog

A mobile home after a Rita-spawned F1

Emergency ManagementEmergency Management

Structured and compartmentalizedStructured and compartmentalized

Incident command system is nationally consistent Incident command system is nationally consistent and authorizes a single command authority backed by and authorizes a single command authority backed by an organized chain of commandan organized chain of command

Broken into an operational structure with functional Broken into an operational structure with functional areasareas

It is flexible and scalableIt is flexible and scalable

TakeTake--away: Standardsaway: Standards

Standards exist within the emergency response community. Learn Standards exist within the emergency response community. Learn them:them: FEMA Distance Learning Program for Incident ManagementFEMA Distance Learning Program for Incident Management

http://training.fema.gov/IS/http://training.fema.gov/IS/

National Search and Rescue CommitteeNational Search and Rescue Committeehttp://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg534/nsarc/Georeferencing_info.asphttp://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg534/nsarc/Georeferencing_info.asp

WildlandWildland FireFirehttp://gis.nwcg.gov/http://gis.nwcg.gov/

Standards exist within the geospatial community. Learn them:Standards exist within the geospatial community. Learn them: Federal Geographic Data CommitteeFederal Geographic Data Committee

http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projectshttp://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects

U.S. Critical Infrastructure U.S. Critical Infrastructure and Key Assetsand Key Assets

Agriculture and Food: 1,912,000 farms, 87,000 processing plantsAgriculture and Food: 1,912,000 farms, 87,000 processing plants

Water: 1,800 federal reservoirs, 1,600 municipal waste water Water: 1,800 federal reservoirs, 1,600 municipal waste water facilitiesfacilities

Public Health: 5,800 registered hospitalsPublic Health: 5,800 registered hospitals

Emergency Services: 87,000 localitiesEmergency Services: 87,000 localities

Defense Industrial Base: 250,000 firms in 215 industriesDefense Industrial Base: 250,000 firms in 215 industries

Telecommunications: 2,000,000,000 miles of cableTelecommunications: 2,000,000,000 miles of cable

Chemical Industry: 66,000 chemical plantsChemical Industry: 66,000 chemical plants

Postal and Shipping: 137 million delivery sitesPostal and Shipping: 137 million delivery sites

Banking and Finance: 26,600 FDIC insured institutionsBanking and Finance: 26,600 FDIC insured institutions

National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets, The White House, Washington D.C., February 2003

Key AssetsKey Assets

-- National monuments and icons: 5,800 historic buildingsNational monuments and icons: 5,800 historic buildings

-- Nuclear power plants: 104 commercial nuclear power plantsNuclear power plants: 104 commercial nuclear power plants

-- Dams: 80,000 damsDams: 80,000 dams

-- Government facilities: 3,000 Government facilities: 3,000 government owned facilitiesgovernment owned facilities

Commercial AssetsCommercial Assets

-- 460 skyscrapers460 skyscrapers

EnergyEnergy

-- 2800 electric power plants2800 electric power plants

-- Oil and Natural Gas: 300,000 Oil and Natural Gas: 300,000 producing sitesproducing sites

U.S. Critical Infrastructure U.S. Critical Infrastructure and Key Assetsand Key Assets

TransportationTransportation::

-- Aviation: 5,000 public airportsAviation: 5,000 public airports

-- Bridges: 590,000 highwayBridges: 590,000 highway bridgesbridges

-- Railroads: 120,000 miles Railroads: 120,000 miles of major railroadsof major railroads

-- Pipelines: 2,000,000 miles Pipelines: 2,000,000 miles of pipelinesof pipelines

-- Maritime: 300 inland/coastal portsMaritime: 300 inland/coastal ports

-- Mass Transit: 500 major urban public transit Mass Transit: 500 major urban public transit operatorsoperators

U.S. Critical Infrastructure U.S. Critical Infrastructure and Key Assetsand Key Assets

Highly Connected and Essential Highly Connected and Essential Infrastructure and Asset TypesInfrastructure and Asset Types

Highly Connected & Highly Connected & Interdependent Interdependent InfrastructuresInfrastructures

Essential & Dependent Essential & Dependent InfrastructureInfrastructure

Public & Public & Private Sectors Private Sectors

Asset ExamplesAsset Examples

CommunicationsCommunications

EnergyEnergy

TransportationTransportation

Banking andBanking and FinanceFinance

WaterWater

SewerSewer

Health CareHealth Care

GovernmentGovernment

Agriculture/Agriculture/ FoodFood

ResidentialResidential

CommercialCommercial

IndustrialIndustrial

MedicalMedical

MilitaryMilitary

Water storageWater storage

Power plantsPower plants and linesand lines

Gas linesGas lines

BuildingsBuildings

BridgesBridges

Etc.Etc.

National, regional, and local National, regional, and local economic security depends economic security depends on these infrastructureson these infrastructures

Human health and safety Human health and safety (fire, police, EMS) depend (fire, police, EMS) depend on these infrastructureson these infrastructures

Source of economic Source of economic demand for demand for infrastructuresinfrastructures

Natural and Natural and unintentional disaster unintentional disaster locations and terrorist locations and terrorist targets targets

Based on the National Infrastructure Simulation & Analysis Center - Capability Development Strategy. Content modified to support GITA’s GECCo Program.

Critical Infrastructure InterdependenciesCritical Infrastructure Interdependencies

Heller, M (2001). Interdependencies of Civil Infrastructure Systems. The Bridge, a publication of the Nation Academy of Engineering. V., #31, 2001

BaltimoreBaltimore’’s Howard Street Tunnels Howard Street Tunnel Train Derailment, July 19, 2001Train Derailment, July 19, 2001

Critical Infrastructure Cascading Consequences Critical Infrastructure Cascading Consequences ExampleExample

Fuel Disruption Limited Shipping of Goods/Materials

Financial Losses

Transportation

Communications

Water Supply

Electric Supply

Oil/Gas Supply Disruption

Disaster Causes

First Order Effects

Generation Facilities

Shipping Facilities

Network Ops Centers

Health & Safety

Second Order Effects

Electric Distribution

Goods Delivery

Emergency Response

Emergency Response

Third Order Effects

Disruption to Communication Facilities

Disruption of Water Treatment

Disruptions of Power Generation

Limited Communication

Lose of Water Supply

Reduced Supply

Response Disruption for Emergency Services

Limited Fire Protection

Lose of Electricity

Source: GITA 2008-09 Research Committee

Barriers to CollaborationBarriers to Collaboration•• Liabilities issues associated with providing data to external Liabilities issues associated with providing data to external

organizations (What are they going to do with the data?)organizations (What are they going to do with the data?)

•• Security issues Security issues -- data getting into the wrong handsdata getting into the wrong hands

•• Competitive information gets in the way of sharing data when Competitive information gets in the way of sharing data when planning for and responding to an eventplanning for and responding to an event

•• Vulnerable infrastructure assets are not easily identifiable or Vulnerable infrastructure assets are not easily identifiable or available available for emergency eventsfor emergency events

•• Same data, different formats and accuracies, including the data Same data, different formats and accuracies, including the data format format issues between software vendorsissues between software vendors

•• Determining what data needs to be shared, canDetermining what data needs to be shared, can’’t share everythingt share everything

GECCoGECCo BoKBoK –– Past FindingsPast Findings

Moving ForwardMoving Forward

Existing Existing GECCosGECCos1.1. City and County of Honolulu, HawaiiCity and County of Honolulu, Hawaii2.2. City of Denver and the Front Range, ColoradoCity of Denver and the Front Range, Colorado3.3. Western New York State, Southern Tier West Regional Western New York State, Southern Tier West Regional

Planning Agency, New YorkPlanning Agency, New York4.4. City of Seattle and King County, WashingtonCity of Seattle and King County, Washington5.5. Greater Tampa Bay Area, FloridaGreater Tampa Bay Area, Florida6.6. Greater Phoenix Area, ArizonaGreater Phoenix Area, Arizona7.7. Dallas/Fort Worth Dallas/Fort Worth MetroplexMetroplex, Texas, Texas

12 Additional Locations Identified 12 Additional Locations Identified -- Support from DHSSupport from DHSMinneapolis/St. Paul Metro Area, MinnesotaMinneapolis/St. Paul Metro Area, Minnesota San Francisco/Oakland Bay Area, CaliforniaSan Francisco/Oakland Bay Area, California