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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF USING MANUFACTURED

SAND IN CONCRETE Mr. Bhaveshkumar M. Kataria

1, Mr. Sandip U. Shah

2,

Lecturer, B.V.P.I.T. (DS), Umrakh, Bardoli, Gujarat, India 1

Lecturer, B.V.P.I.T. (DS), Umrakh, Bardoli, Gujarat, India2

Abstract: Conventionally concrete is mixture of cement, sand and aggregate. Properties

of aggregate affect the durability and performance of concrete, so fine aggregate is an

essential component of concrete. The most commonly used fine aggregate is natural river

sand. Scarcity of good quality Natural River sand due to depletion of resources and

restriction due to environmental consideration has made concrete manufactures to look

for suitable alternative fine aggregate. One such alternative is “Manufactured sand”.

Though manufactured sand has been in use in concrete manufacturing in India, the

percentage of its contribution is still very negligible. In many parts of India, good natural

river sand is not available and this makes manufacturing of good quality of concrete very

difficult. A well processed manufactured sand as partial or full replacement to river sand

is the need of the hour as a long term solution in Indian concrete industry until other

suitable alternative fine aggregate are developed. This study is carried out on

experimental basis to use manufacture sand of Chikhli region of Southern of Gujarat

state in India. In this Study, The compressive Strength and Workability of concrete are

studied while natural river sand is replaced by manufacture sand.

Keywords: Concrete, Compressive Strength, Manufactured sand, river sand

replacement

I. INTRODUCTION

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world.

Conventionally concrete is mixture of cement, sand and aggregate. Properties of

aggregate affect the durability and performance of concrete, so fine aggregate is an

essential component of concrete. The most commonly used fine aggregate is natural

river sand. Scarcity of good quality Natural River sand due to depletion of resources

and restriction due to environmental consideration has made concrete manufactures to

look for suitable alternative fine aggregate. One such alternative is “Manufactured

sand”. Though manufactured sand has been in use in concrete manufacturing in India,

the percentage of its contribution is still very negligible. In many parts of India, good

natural river sand is not available and this makes manufacturing of good quality of

concrete very difficult. A well processed manufactured sand as partial or full

replacement to river sand is the need of the hour as a long term solution in Indian

concrete industry until other suitable alternative fine aggregate are developed. Concrete

must keep evolving to satisfy the increasing demands of all its users. Scope of this

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experimental work is limited to comparison of compressive strength and workability of

concrete only.

II. DESIGN MIX MATERIALS

A. Cement : The cement used is SANGHI OPC 53 grade cement. The Ordinary Portland

Cement of 53 grade conforming to IS: 12269-2013 was used. Tests were conducted on

cement like Consistency tests, Setting tests, Soundness, Compressive strength N/mm2 at 28

days.

Figure 1: Sanghi Cement (OPC 53 Grade)

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

TABLE I: - PROPERTIES OF CEMENT

Item Tests Results

Obtained

Requirement as per IS: 12269-

2013 1 Consistency (%) 33.5 %

2 Fineness 6 % < 10 %

3 Initial Setting Time (minutes) 126 > 30

4 Final Setting Time (minutes) 215 < 600

5

Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

3 days 28.8 > 27

7 days 39.5 > 37

28 days 55.9 > 53

6 Soundness (Le-Chetelier

Method)

2 mm < 10 mm

Source: Tested at Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

B. Coarse Aggregate

The fractions above 4.75 mm are termed as coarse aggregate. Two types of Coarse

Aggregates from crushed Basalt rock, conforming to IS: 383-1970were used as shown in

table II & III below:

Figure 2: Coarse Aggregate 1 (20 mm Nominal)

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

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TABLE II: PROPERTIES OF COARSE AGGREGATE 1 (20 MM NOMINAL)

Sr.

No. Tests Results

Requirement as per IS : 383-

1970

1

Gradation precent passing on IS sieve

40mm 100 % 100 %

20mm 97.37 % 95 to 100 %

10mm 30.68 % 25 to 55 %

4.75mm 2.24 % 0 to 10 %

2 Impact value (%) 13.62

Sub base < 50 %

Base course < 40 %

Surface course < 30 %

3 Specific Gravity 2.81 ----

4 Water absorption (%) 0.91 < 2 %

Source: Tested at Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

Figure 3: Coarse Aggregate 2 (10 mm Nominal)

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

TABLE III: PROPERTIES OF COARSE AGGREGATE 1 (10 MM NOMINAL)

Sr.

No. Tests Results

Requirement as per IS : 383-

1970

1

Gradation precent passing on IS sieve

12.5mm 100 % 100 %

10mm 92.4 % 95 to 100 %

4.75mm 16.72 % 25 to 55 %

2.76mm 3.11 % 0 to 10 %

2 Specific Gravity 2.79 ----

3 Water absorption (%) 0.96 < 2 %

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

C. Sand

Those fractions from 4.75 mm to 150 micron are termed as fine aggregate. The river fine

aggregate was used asfineaggregate conforming to the requirements of IS: 383-1970. The

river fine Aggregate is washed and screened, to eliminate deleterious materials and over size

particles.

Figure 4: River Sand

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

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TABLE IV: PROPERTIES OF RIVER SAND

Sr. No. Tests Results

1

Gradation percent Passing on IS Sieve

4.75 mm 95.4 %

2.36 mm 86.4 %

1.18 mm 74.2 %

600 micron 44.8 %

300 micron 17.2 %

150 micron 2.4 %

2 Grading Zone II

3 Fineness modulus 2.80

4 Specific gravity 2.67

5 Water absorption (%) 1.63

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

Aggregate scarcity is the biggest concern today in India. On environmental

grounds, there have been strict dredging restrictions from various local authorities

pertaining to taking out sea sand as well as river sand. This position is more prevalent in

the states of central and southern part of India, where availability of good quality fine

aggregate is a constraint. Hence the answer is to use manufactured sand which is

artificially produced from rock.

Figure 5: Manufactured Sand

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

TABLE V: PROPERTIES OF MANUFACTURED SAND

Sr. No. Tests Results

1

Gradation percent Passing on IS Sieve

4.75 mm 100 %

2.36 mm 85.8 %

1.18 mm 67.2 %

600 micron 39.7 %

300 micron 16.2 %

150 micron 3.1 %

2 Grading Zone II

3 Fineness modulus 2.88

4 Specific gravity 2.69

5 Water absorption (%) 1.41

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

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III. DESIGN MIX METHODOLOGY

A Concrete M25 grade was designed as per IS: 10262-2009 method and the same was

used as reference mix. The design mix proportion is as below :

TABLE VIII: MIX DESIGN PROPORTION

For 1 m3 Water Cement Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate

By Weight [kg] 200 L 400 665 1085

IV. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

Compressive strength tests were performed on compression testing machine using cube

samples at 7 days and 28 days. Six samples for each percentage of Manufacture sand were

casted and then tested. The average strength values are reported in this paper at 7 & 28 days.

Figure 8: Set up of Compressive Testing Machine

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

V. WORKABILITY AS SLUMP (MM)

Each proportion of Experimental Concrete mix was tested for workability by slump test as

per Indian standard. The results of workability are shown in Table X.

Fig.9: Slump cone test for Workability

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

.

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VI. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

TABLE X: WORKABILITY AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT CONRETE

ID

Mark

River sand Manufactured

sand

Workability

as

Slump

(mm)

Compressive

Strength of

Concrete (N/mm2)

7 days 28 days

CR 100 % 0 % 95 24.13 33.71

CM25 75 % 25 % 83 24.94 35.44

CM50 50 % 50 % 71 25.60 35.71

CM75 25 % 75 % 62 25.95 36.87

CM100 0 % 100 % 54 26.42 37.68

VII. GRAPHS

VIII. CONCLUSION

From this study the following conclusion can be drawn:

(1) Results shows that workability of concrete decreases with increase in percentage

replacement of river sand by Manufactured sand.

(2) The compressive strength of concrete increases with increase in percentage replacement

of river sand by manufacture sand.

(3) From above study, it can be said that Manufacture sand is potential alternative to replace

river sand in concrete. If we use Manufacture sand in concrete, it will help to protect

environment. Also problems associated with extraction of river sand will be solved.

(4) Manufacture sand facilitate better strength at 100 % replacement of river sand hence it

can be used in concrete.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors are thankfully acknowledge to Mr. J. N. Patel, Chairman Vidyabharti Trust, Mr.

K. N. Patel, Hon. Secretary, Vidyabharti Trust, Mr. B. V. Modi, principal, B.V.P..I.T.(D.S.),

Umrakh and Mr. V. S. Rana, Head, Civil Engineering Department, B.V.P..I.T.(D.S.),

Umrakh.

REFERENCES

PAPERS:-

[01] “An experimental investigation on the properties of concrete containing manufactured

sand” by Priyanka A. Jadhav and Dilip K. Kulkarni (June 2012)

[02] “Manufactured Sand, A Solution And An Alternative To River Sand And In Concrete

Manufacturing” by Dr. S. Elavenil and B. Vijaya (February 2013)

[03] “Effect of Manufactured Sand on Durability Properties of Concrete” – by Nimitha.

Vijayaraghavan & Dr. A.S. Wayal (2013)

[04] “Effects of manufactured sand on compressive strength and workability concrete” by

Nimitha Vijayaraghavan and A S Wayal

[05] “Properties of Concrete by Replacement Of Natural Sand With Artificial Sand” by

Vinayak R.Supekar & Popat D.Kumbhar

Books :-

[01] “Concrete Technology” - M. S. Shetty

[02] “Concrete Technology” – M. L. Gambhir

[03] “reinforcement Concrete Technology” – Nevilie

[04] “Concrete Technology” – S. P. Chandra & V. N. Vazirani

Websites :-

[01] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete

[02] http://www.msand.in/

[03] http://www.robo.co.in/manufacturesand.htm

[04] http://nbmcw.com/articles/concrete/28675-use-of-manufactured-sand-in-concrete-and-

construction-an-alternate-to-river-sand.html

[05] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_aggregate

IS CODES:-

[01] IS516-1959,“MethodsofTestsforStrengthofConcrete”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New

Delhi.

[02] IS 4031 -1988, “Methods for Physical Tests for Hydraulic Cement”, Part 6-

Determination of Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Other than Masonry

Cement, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

[03] IS10262-2009,“ISMethod of Mix Design”,Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

[04] IS 12269 -1987, “Specification for 53 Grade OPC”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New

Delhi.