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A wonderful analysis and tamil translation of the english version of SRI VISHNU SAHASRANAMAM written by Vangal Doctor Dr. H.J Achar in 1972.
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=tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;Xh; Ma;Tghfk; - I
Mq;fpy%yk;
jpU lhf;lh; H.J.Mr;rhh;thq;fy; lhf;lh;
f&h;1972
jkpohf;fk;
tR=
=fpU\;zh gjpg;gfk;NkhfD}h;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 2 -
‘thq;fy; lhf;lh;”
nja;tj;jha; kJfuNtzpAk;> mUl;FkuDk;
gphpTf;Fg;gpd; re;jpj;j kfD}h; vDk; NkhfD}hpy; md;idapd;
mUsKjk; Mw;wy; fyf;Fk; fhtphpapd; mf;fiuapy; thq;fy;
lhf;lh; cah;jpU. H.J.Mr;rhh; kUj;Jtg; gzpapy; Gfo;ngw;W
f&hpy; gyfhyk; Vio vspath;fSf;Fr; rpfpr;iraspj;J
te;jhh;. vdJ je;ijahh; xU rkak; mtiur; re;jpf;f Neh;e;j
NghJ 1972-,y; mth; ntspapl;l ,e;E}ypd; Mq;fpy %yj;ij
md;Gld; mspj;J tho;j;jpaUspdhh;;fs;. NkhfD}hpd;
Kjph;e;j Md;kPfg; ngUkf;fs; ,g;Gj;jfj;jpd; ngUikAzh;e;J
,jidg; gapd;W ,d;Gw;whh;fs;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 3 -
‘re;jpah te;jdk; Vd;? mJ vd;d?” vd;W
,d;DnkhU mw;Gj Mq;fpyg; gilg;igAk; mUspapUf;Fk;
,jd; Mrphpah; lhf;lh; Mr;rhh; mth;fs; fh;ehlf khepyj;ijr;
Nrh;e;jth;. njw;F fd;dl khepyj;jpy; 1907- ,y;
n`h]{ngl;L vDk;; Chpy; gpwe;jth;. #uj;fy;ypy; cs;s
tpj;ah NjapdP gs;spapy; Muk;gf; fy;tpia Kbj;j gpd;
kq;f@hpy; cs;s Nfduh cah;epiyg;gs;spapy; gapd;whh;.
1930-,y; xU Mq;fpy kUj;Jtuhf ,uhaGuk; kUj;Jtg;
gs;spapypUe;J ntspte;J f&h;> ne&h;> thq;fy; Mfpa
Ch;fSf;Fj; jdJ kUj;Jtr; Nritia mh;g;gzpj;jhh;.
,e;E}iyg; gapy Neh;e;j ehd; =tp\;Z ]`];uehkk;
ghuhazk; nra;Ak; vdJ cw;whh;> cwtpdh;> ez;gh;fs;
midtUk; gbj;Jg; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; tifapy; mjidj;
jkpopy; nkhopngah;j;J ntspapLk; Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl;Ls;Nsd;.
vdJ ,e;j Kaw;rpia lhf;lh; Mr;rhh; mth;fspd;
jtg;Gjy;th; lhf;lh; khjtuht; mth;fsplk; Nehpy; nrd;W
$wp mtuJ tho;j;Jf;fisAk; ngw;Wtu vdJ
Kaw;rpfSf;nfy;yhk; vd;Wk; cWJizahf epd;W
ntw;wpfisf; Ftpf;f cjTk; nghwpahsUk; ,dpa
ez;gUkhd jpU.gd;dPh; nry;tj;JlDk;> Xl;Leh;
jpU. fd;dpag;gd; mth;fSlDk; f&hpYs;s mtuJ
,y;yj;Jf;F 29.11.2009 Njjpapy; Nehpy; nrd;wpUe;Njhk;.
lhf;lh; khjtuht; mth;fs; vq;fis md;Gld; tuNtw;W
cgrhpj;J ePz;l Neuk; mstshtpf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;.
vq;fs; gzpf;F cjTk; tifapy; 1990-,y; ntspaplg;gl;l>
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 4 -
jpUj;jp aikf;fg;gl;lJk; tphpthf;fg;gl;lJkhd ,e;E}ypd;
kWgjpg;igAk; nfhLj;J vq;fs; Kaw;rp rpwf;f
tho;j;jpdhh;fs;.
jdJ je;ijahUf;F mj;itjj;jpd;ghy; ,Ue;j
mirf;f Kbahj ek;gpf;ifia epidT $h;e;J kfpo;e;jhh;fs;.
mJrkak; f&h; uj;jpdk; rhiyapy; =tp\;Z ]`];uehk epjp
gjpT nra;ag;gl;L ew;gzp Mw;Wk; tptuj;ijj; njhpe;J
nfhz;Nlhk;. =tp\;Z ]`];uehk rk;ge;jkhd mwptpay;
Nghl;bfs; ,jd;%yk; elj;jg;gl;L ghpRfSk; toq;fg;gLtjhf
mwpe;J kfpo;r;rpAw;Nwhk;. =tp\;Z ]`];uehkhit ehl;L
kf;fs; midtUk; gapd;W xU ehspy; xU jukhtJ mjidg;
ghuhazk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw jdJ je;ijahhpd; fdT
epidthf lhf;lh; khjtuht; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Kaw;rpfs;
ntw;wpngw vy;yhk; ty;y ,iwtd; mUs;ghypf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;W gpuhh;j;jpf;fpNwhk;.
vq;fs; Kaw;rpapd; Kjy;ghfk; cq;fs; iffspy;
jto;fpwJ. ePq;fs; mspf;Fk; tuNtw;gpidg; nghWj;J
kPjpg;gFjpfisj; njhlh;e;J ntspapLNthk;.
-tR=
- p
A
l
d
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 5 -
;
>
c
tpehafh; Jjp
jpUthf;Fk; nra;fUkk; if$l;Lk; nrQ;nrhw;
ngUthf;Fk; gPLk; ngUf;Fk; - cUthf;Fk;
Mjyhy; thNdhUk; Mid Kfj;jidf;
fhjyhy; $g;Gth; jk;if.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 6 -
nghUslf;fk;
t.vz ; nghUs;g. vz;
tpehafh; Jjp 1
I. mZF Kiw 2
II. = tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpd; ngUik 9
III. jiyg;Gk; Kjy; ];NyhfKk; 15
IV. tphpthd Ma;T 21
1. = tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpy; tpah]h; 22
2. tp];tk; - tp];t%h;j;jp : (717)
(mUtj;jpypUe;J cUtj;jpw;F)
32
3. tp];t&g : 42
4. t\l;fhu : 49
5. t;ah`;Ujpfs; 56
6. = tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy;
gfthdpd; mtjhuq;fs;
76
7. = fpU\;zh;
= tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpd; %yth;
86
8. = tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; = ,uhkh; 93
9. rpt : (27 - 607) 105
10. af;Q: 110
epiwT - (,uz;lhk; ghfk; njhlUk;...) 124
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 7 -
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
I. mZF Kiw
,Uspwpar; Rlh;kzpfs; ,ikf;Fk; new;wp
,dj;Jj;jp mzpgzkhapuq;fshh;e;j
muturg; ngUQ;Nrhjp mde;jndd;Dk;
mzptpsq;Fk; cah;nts;is mizia Nktpj;
jpUtuq;fg; ngUefUs; njz;zPh; nghd;dp
jpiuf;ifahy; mbtUlg; gs;sp nfhs;Sk;
fUkzpiaf; Nfhksj;ijf; fz;L nfhz;L
vd; fz;zpizfs; vd;WnfhNyh fspf;Fk; ehNs
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 8 -
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
I . mZF Kiw
Md;kPf rhjidapy;> ]e;jpahte;jdj;Jf;F mLj;j
];jhdj;ij = tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; ngWfpwJ.
fPijiag; gw;wpj; njhpahjth;fs; ,Uf;fyhk;.
fPijiaf; fw;fhjth;fs; ,Uf;fyhk;.
Mdhy; = tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;ij kdg;ghlk;
nra;jth;fspd; vz;zpf;if kpf mjpfk;. ghl;ldhh;> je;ij
my;yJ rNfhjud; ]`];uehk ghuhazk; nra;Ak;NghJ
mth;fSld; $lNt nrhy;ypr; nrhy;yp kdg;ghlk;
nra;jth;fs; Vuhsk;. Gj;jfj;ijg; ghh;j;J cUg;NghLNthh;fs;
FiwT.
ekJ %jhijah;fs; ]`];uehkk; jUk; Md;kPf
,d;gj;ijj; Ja;j;jth;fs;. mth;fs; %yk; guk;giu Qhdkhf
,e;Jf;fSf;F ,J te;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
,e;jg; guk;giu Qhdk; ekf;Fk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gjpy;
Iakpy;iy.
Mdhy; mjd; Md;kPf Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ehk;
czh;e;jpUf;fpNwhkh vd;gJ re;NjfNk.
vd;id ehNd Nfl;Lf;nfhz;l ,e;jf; Nfs;tpapd;
tpisthf> xUf;fhy; ekJ Qhdf; fz;fs; %bapUe;jhy;>
mtw;iwj; jpwg;gjw;fhf Ntz;b> xU rpwpa mlf;fkhd
Kaw;rpia Nkw;nfhz;bUf;fpNwd;. ,J ]`];uehkj;jpw;F
vOjg;gl;l ,d;DnkhU ciuay;y. mg;gbr;nra;a ehd;
epidj;jpUe;jhy;> nehz;b ,kaj;jpd; rpfuj;ij vl;l
epidf;Fk; epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;bUe;jpUg;Ngd;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 9 -
]`];u ehkj;jpd; xU fpukkhd gjTiuNghy; ,e;j
Ma;T ,Uf;fhJ. mjw;Fj;jhd; Vuhskhd ciufSk;>
tpkh;rdq;fSk; te;jpUf;fpd;wdNt.
tp\;Z ]`];uehkj;jpd; jdpj;jd;ikahdJk;>
rpyuhy; kpfTk; ,bj;Jiuf;fg;gLtJkhd ‘GdUf;jp” jhd;
(nrhd;dijNa nrhy;Yjy;) ngUk;ghyhd ,lq;fspy; ,e;j
Ma;tpd; topfhl;bahf ,Ue;J me;jg;gjq;fis
xUq;fpizj;J> mtw;wpd; njhlh;igg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s
itf;fpwJ.
]`];uehkj;jpy; Mq;fhq;Nf rpjwpf;fplf;Fk; xj;jf;
fUj;Js;s vz;zq;fisj; jpul;bj; njhFj;j nrwpTs;s gy
fUg;nghUl;fs;> ]`];uehkk; ‘jhWkhwhd thh;j;ijfspd;
[hyk;” vd;W $Wfpw rpyuJ thjj;ijj; jfh;j;njwpfpwJ.
NknyOe;jthhpahfg;gbf;Fk; thrfh;fSf;F mJ mg;gbj;
Njhd;wyhk;. Mdhy; cz;ikapy; mJ Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l
thh;j;ijfshy; Nfhh;f;fg;gl;L> xOq;fhf eph;khzpf;fg;gl;l
xU nghf;fp\k;.
]`];uehkj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU fUj;Jk;
Kbtpy; mjd; cr;rfl;lj;ijj; njhLk;NghJ ngUk;ghYk;
epiwthfr; nrhy;yg;gl;bUg;gJ> jpUg;jpahd Ritia
aspg;gjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jw;FNky; mjpy; nrhy;tjw;F
xd;Wkpy;iy vd;gjidf; ifahsg;gLfpd;w gjq;fs;
,Wjpahf> cWjpahf ep&gpf;fpd;wd.
njhl;Lj; njhlUk; fUj;Jf;fspd; xw;Wik - ]`];u
ehk GdUf;jpapd; topKiw - kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;
mjd; gphpTfspy; gpujpgypg;gijg; ghh;f;fpNwhk;. xU FWf;-
nfOj;Jg; Nghl;bf;fhd fl;lq;fspy; vg;gbg; gy
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 10 -
Nfhzq;fspy; Njlg;gLk; fUj;Jf;fSf;F xNu thh;j;ij
tpilahf mikfpwNjh mg;gbNa ]`];uehkj;jpy;
thh;j;;ijfs; mike;J tpl;bUf;fpd;wd.
cjhuzkhf>
jh;ka+g : vd;fpw nrhy; xNu Neuj;jpy; mt;aak;> jh;kk;>
Nts;tp Mfpa gy fUj;Jf;fisg; NgRfpwJ.
ehkfPh;j;jdj;jpd; Nkyhz;ikAk;> Neh;ikAk;
Mz;ltd; ngaiuf;Nfl;gJ Gdpjk;> ,irg;gJ Gdpjk;>
Gfo;tJk; Gdpjk; vd;nwy;yhk; nghJthd ek;gpf;if
kf;fspilNa epyTfpwJ. ]`];uehkk; ,e;jg; Guhjd
ek;gpf;ifia> epiy epWj;Jtjw;fhf> Nkw;$wpa
gapw;rpfspdhy; tpisAk; gyd;fis tphpthf tpsq;f itj;Jf;
nfhz;Nl nry;fpwJ.
‘ Gz;a];utz fPh;j;je : ”
cj;jhuNzh J\;f;Ujp`h Gz;Nah J];tg;eeh] e: /
tPu`h ur\z> ]e;j;j: [Pte: gh;at];j;jpj: //
(922-931)
];utz fPh;j;je:> vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; ehk];kuizahy;
]hjfd; gpwg;G-,wg;Gr; #oypypUe;J tpLgLfpwhd;. gpwtpapd;
Nkd;ikia milfpwhd; (cj;jhuz:)
mtdJ ghtGz;zpaq;fs; mopf;fg;gLfpd;wd (J\;f;Ujp`h)
mtd; Gdpjdhfp jh;k top epw;fpwhd; (Gz;a: )
mgrFdq;fSk;> nfl;lfdTfSk; ve;jf;Nfl;ilAk;
tpistpg;gjpy;iy (J];tg;eeh] e: )
mtdJ vjphpfs; NtuWf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs; (tPu:)
mtd; nfl;l topapy; nry;tjpy;iy ; NfLfspypUe;Jk;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 11 -
ghJfhf;fg; gLfpwhd; (u\z:) mtd; Gdpjkhf;fg;gLfpwhd;;.
cyf Mirfisf; fle;J [Ptd; Kf;jdhfpwhd;.
jhNd nghUs;$wpj; jhNd tpthpf;Fk; thh;j;ijfs;
rpy ,lq;fspy;> xU thh;j;ijia ,d;ndhU thh;j;ij
tpthpf;Fk;gbahfNth ,d;Dk; rpwe;j nghUisj;
juf;$bajhfNth mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
ehuhaz: eu: - ehuhazDk; mtNd: euDk; mtNd>
mtd; mq;fpq;nfdhjgb vq;Fk; ,Ue;J nray;Ghpfpwhd;.
G+jhth]: th]{Njt: xt;nthU caphpdj;jpYk;
mtd; th]k; nra;fpwhd;;. vdNt th]{Njtdhfpwhd;.
]h;tj; j;Uf; ]pk;̀ : vy;NyhiuAk; u~pf;fpwhd;.
]f;jp tha;e;j rpk;kkhf.
meph;Nj];atG: tp\;Z: m`: ]k;tj;]u: t;ahs:
Nghd;w gjq;fSk; ,e;j tifiar; Nrh;e;jitNa.
rpy nrhw;fs; ghkukf;fSf;Fg; Ghpahjgbf;Ff;
fUj;jhok; kpf;fit. mth;fSila rpukq;fis xg;Gf;nfhz;l
gP\;kh;> mth;fis kdj;jpy; nfhz;Nl>
mh;j;j: meh;j;j: k`hNfh]: vd;fpwhh;.
mh;j;j: meh;j;j: Mfpa ,uz;L nrhw;fSk; vjph;
kiwahdit. nghUs; KOtJkhf kiwe;JiwfpwJ.
,NjNghy; ]j;> m]j; ; ~uk;> m~uk; Mfpa nrhw;fSk;
Ghpe;J nfhs;sKbahjd. Mifahy; mtpf;[Qhjh vd;fpwhh;.
‘a[;Q” vd;W Muk;gpf;Fk; ,e;jj; njhlh;
nrhw;fisf; ftdpAq;fs;.
a[;Q: a[;Qgjp: a[;Q;th: a[;Qhq;Nfh :a[;Q th` e: /
a[;Qg;Uj; a[;Qf;Uj; a[;QP= a[;QGf;
a[;Q]hje: a[;Qhe;jf;Uj; a[;QF ;̀ak;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 12 -
rpfuk; itj;jhw;Nghy; ‘a[;QF`;ak; ” vd;W KbAk; ,e;j
thh;j;ij a[;Qj;ij (Nts;tp) gw;wp vy;yhtpjf;
Nfhzq;fspYk; tpthpj;Jtpl;L ,tw;iwg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;tJ
fbdk; vd;Wk; $wp Kbf;fpwhw;Nghy; mike;Js;sJ.
]hjfdpd; gpur;rpidiag; Ghpe;J nfhz;lgP\;kh;>
fbdkhd kw;WnkhU fl;lj;jpy;> mtid Mj;k tprhuiz
Nghd;w fLikahd gapw;rpia Nkw;nfhs;Sk;gbj;
J}z;btpl;L> ,iwtd; epr;rakhf mtDf;fhd ,yf;if
my;yJ ,lj;ijf; fhz;gpg;ghh; vd;W cWjpglf; $Wfpwhh;.
fuzk; fhuzk; fh;j;jh tpfh;j;jh f`NehF`: /
t;at]hNah t;at];jhe: ]k;];jhe: ];jhej: j;Ut: (378-388)
nray;fSf;F mtNu fUtpahf (fuzk;) ,Ue;J
elj;jp itf;fpwhh;.
nray;fSf;F mtNu fhuz (fhuzk;) khfTk;
,Uf;fpwhh;. mtNujhd; nray;fisr; nra;fpwhh; (fh;j;jh ):
nra;ahkYkpUf;fpwhh; (tpfh;j;jh: )
mth; kpfTk; Mokhdth; (f`e:)
Ghpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fr; rpukkhdth; (F` :)
mtiug; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbahJ vd;W nrhy;tjhy;>
mtiug; Ghpe;Jnfhs;Sk; Kaw;rpapypUe;J ehk; Xbtplf;
$lhJ. Mifahy;jhd; gP\;kh; njhlh;e;J nrhy;fpwhh;.
‘tplhKaw;rpAld; ,U” (t;at]hNah) ,iwaUSk;>
cdf;Fhpa ,lKk; cdf;Ff; fpilj;JtpLk; (t;at];jhe :)
mth; jd;Dila kpfNkyhd epiyapypUe;J
(]k;];jhe: ) ,wq;fpte;J cdf;Fhpa ,lj;ij mUs;thh;
( ];jhej : ) re;NjfNk ,y;yhky; mth; ,ijr; nra;thh;
(j;Ut : ) ,jw;FKd; ,Jkhjphp elj;jpUf;fpwjh?
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 13 -
Mk;! vd;fpwJ ]`];uehkk;. tplhKaw;rpahy;
(t;at]ha: ) JUtd; cd;dj epiyia milatpy;iyah?
rpy fl;lq;fspy; fPijAk;> NtjKk; thh;j;ijf;F
thh;j;ij ]`];uehkj;jpw;F khw;wg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
mt;at: GU\: rh~p: N~j;uf;Q: m~u: (Vtr)
mth; vq;Fk; epiwe;jtuhf (mt;at: GU\:)
vy;yhr; nray;fSf;Fk; rhl;rpahf> Nehpy; ghh;f;Fk; rhl;rpahf -
(rh~p ) tpsq;Ffpwhh;.
mjw;F [Pthj;khjhd; N~j;uf;Qdhf vd;Wk; mopahj
(m~u: ) ‘jhd;” Mf ek;Ks; ciwfpwhh;. ,J fPijapd;
13-MtJ> 15-MtJ mj;jpahaq;fspy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
‘N~j;uf;Qk; rhgpkhk; tpj;jp ]h;tN~j;Nu\_ghuj”
‘j;thkpnks GUn\s NyhNf ~u];r m~u Vtr/
~u: ]h;thzp g+jhep $l];j m~u cr;aNj // ”
]`];uehkKk; GU\]{f;jKk; vg;gb mofhf xj;j
fUg;nghUisf; nfhLf;Fk; nrhw;fshy; gpd;dg;
gl;bUf;fpd;wd vd;gijg; ghh;f;fyhk;.
GU\ ]{f;jk; ]`];uehkk;
]`];u]Ph;\hGU\: ]`];u%h;j;jh tp];thj;kh
]`];uh~: ]`];ughj; ]`];uh~: ]`];u ghj;
] g+kpk; tp];tNjh t;Uj;jh Mth;j;jd:
mj;ajp\;lj;j ]hq;Fyk; ept;Ujhj;kh
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 14 -
II. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpd;
ngUik
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 15 -
tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpd; ngUik
vq;Fk; epiw gukhj;khtpd; Mapuk; jpUehkq;fisr;
nrhy;tJ tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;. ‘]`];u” vd;why; Mapuk;.
vd;whYk; xd;W Nghl;L %d;W g+[;aq;fs; NghLfpw
Mapuj;ijNa epidj;Jf; nfhz;buhky; ‘gy” vd;Nw nghUs;
nfhs;Nthk;.
nghJthf Gof;fj;jpypUf;Fk; xU nghUspd; ngah;
kw;nwhd;wpypUe;J mij NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Ltjw;fhf kl;Lk;
gad;gLfpwNjay;yhky;> mg;nghUspd; Fzk;> juk;
Mfpatw;iw tpsf;Ftjhf miktjpy;iy.
ngUk;ghYk;> itf;fg;gLfpd;w ngah;fs; nghUe;jhky;
Ngha;tpLtJk; cz;L. ‘Re;jud;’ mtyl;rzkhf ,Ug;gJk;
jh$hpd; ‘Rgh\pzp’ Cikahf ,Ug;gJk; ekf;Fj; njhpe;j
tp\aq;fNs. Mdhy; ,iwtdpd; jpUehkk; - ‘tp\;Z’
vd;fpw ngah;> mtUila FztpNr\k;> mtuJ tiuaiw>
mtUila Mw;wy;> mtUila Nehf;fk;> njhpe;j> njhpahj>
njhpaf;$ba vy;yh tptuq;fisAk; je;JtpLfpwJ.
fhaj;hpNjtpapd; gf;jh;fSf;F ]`];uehkk; gh;f:
vDk; N[hjp];t&gj;ij tpsf;fpf; $Wk;. ]`];uehkj;jpy;
yapj;jpUq;fs; - me;j gh;f: vd;fpw N[hjpnts;sj;jpy;
jpisj;jpUg;gPh;fs;. ehd; Jzpe;J> cWjpahff; $WNtd;-
gh;f: vd;fpw N[hjpAk;> ]`];uehkKk; xd;Nw vd;W!.
]`];uehkk; cq;fs; fhaj;jphpf;Fg; gf;fgykhf epd;W cq;fs;
re;jpahte;jdj;ijr; rpwf;f itf;fpwJ. gh;f: vijf; Fwpg;ghy;
czh;j;JfpwNjh> mij ]`];uehkk; tpthpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl
nry;fpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 16 -
]`];uehkk; rpy ek;gpf;iffSf;F kl;Lk;>
it\;zth;fSf;F kl;Lk; vd;fpw vz;zk; jtwhdJ. irt
kw;Wk; ,ju rkaj;jpdUf;Fj;; jilnra;ag;gl;ljhf
]`];uehkk; fUjg;glf;$lhJ. vq;fs; rptd; vq;Fk;
epiwe;jtNuh> ]h;tt;ahgfNuh my;y vd;W ve;j rptgf;juhtJ
nrhy;y Kd;tUthuh? cWjpahf khl;lhh;. mg;gbahdhy;
it\;zth;fSf;F ]`];uehkk; vg;gbNah irth;fSf;Fk;
mg;gbNa. ,e;j thjk; gf;jp khh;f;fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; midj;Jr;
rhuhUf;Fk; nghUe;jf; $baNj. jd;Kd;Nd fz;fis
%bj;jpwf;Fk; ,ikfis mfy tphpj;J itj;Jf;nfhz;L
fz;nfhl;lhky; xU gf;jd; ,e;j cz;ikiag; ghh;f;f
Ntz;Lk;. mt;tsNt! tp\;Z ]`];uehkk; gue;j Nehf;fk;
nfhz;lJ ; vy;NyhUf;Fk; nrhe;jkhdJ.
]`];uehkk; vd;fpw ,e;j jdpepiyj; njhlhpy; Kjy;
thh;j;ijahd ‘tp];tk;” vd;gJ m‡wpizr; nrhy; vd;gijf;
Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;. ,e;j tp];tk; vd;fpw thh;j;ij>
eLepiyikAld;> irtk; - it\;ztk; vd;fpw rkag;
ghFghl;ilj; njhlhky;> gpugQ;rj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij
kl;Lk; Fwpg;gpl;Ltpl;L> mNjrkaj;jpy; Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj
]`];uehkhitr; rkag;ghFghl;bw;F mg;ghw;gl;ljhfr;
nra;J tpLfpwJ.
vg;gb =kj; gftj;fPij Ntj> cgep\j;Jf;fspd;
rhukhf tpsq;FfpwNjh> mg;gbNa ]`];uehkKk; Ntj
cgep\j;Jf;fspd; kw;nwhU gpujp gpk;gkhf jh;NkhgNjrk;
nra;fpwJ. mq;F ke;jpuq;fSk; #j;jpuq;fSk; nrhd;dij
,q;F ghku kf;fSf;Fk; GhpAk; tz;zk;> gioikapd;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 17 -
rhuhk;]j;ij mg;gbNa gpope;J 107 ];Nyhfq;fspy;
]`];u ehkk; je;JtpLfpwJ.
cz;ikapy; fPijapd; KbTk;> ]`];u ehkj;jpd;
KbTk; ,iznahj;j> xNu khjphpahd nghUs;
nghjpe;jditahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. mJ vg;gb vd;gijg; gpwF
tphpthfg; ghh;g;Nghk;.
jhd; nrhy;y Nkw;nfhz;l fUg;nghUis ]`];uehkk; Rw;wp
tisj;Jr;nrhy;fpwjh?
nfhl;bf; fplf;Fk;>jhWkhwhd thh;j;ijfspd; Ftpayy;y
]`];uehkk;. njspe;j ePNuhil Nghd;W njhlh;e;J tUk;
vz;zq;fs;> xd;Nwhnld;W njhlh;Gila rhpahd gy
nrhw;fshy; xOq;fhfj; njhLf;fg;gl;L xU thh;j;;ijahy;
,d;ndhU thh;j;ijiaf; Nfhh;j;J thq;fp> xd;W kw;nwhd;iw
tpthpj;Jf; nfhz;Lk;> xd;wpd; nghUis kw;nwhd;W
g+h;j;jpahf;fpf;nfhz;Lk;> xU thh;j;ij kw;nwhd;wpid
rpyhfpj;Jf; $wpf;nfhz;Lk;> Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l kyuida
nrhw;fshy; ]`];u ehkk; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
me;j E}ypioiar; rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; xUtuhy;
njhlu Kbatpy;iy vd;why;> me;j ,ayhik mtuJ
mwpahikapd; Fw;wNk jtpu> E}ypd; gilg;gpYs;s Fw;wky;y.
mwpnthsp gilj;j xUth; ]`];u ehkj;jpd; me;jj; jpiff;f
itf;Fk; topapy;> kpf vspjhfTk; ftdkhfTk; elj;J fhl;bl
KbAk;.
]`];u ehkk; Nfhh;itapy;yhj thh;j;ijfshyhd
tphpTiu vd;W $WNthh;f;F xd;iw epidTgLj;j
tpUk;GfpNwd;. ]`];uehkk; KOtJNk> gP\;kh-Ajp\;l;uhp-
ilNa epfo;e;j xU tpthjk;. rk;gh\iz tbtj;jpy;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 18 -
cq;fs;Kd; gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;fpw cz;ikiag; Ghpe;J
nfhs;s Ntz;LfpNwd;. ,e;j khjphp rk;gh\iz %yk;
nra;ag;gLk; cgNjrq;fspy; rpy ,lq;fspy; rpe;jidj; njhlh;
jilgLtJ ,aw;if. ,k;khjphpahd kpftphpthfr;
nrhy;yg;gLk; xU nghUs; gw;wpa tpthjj;jpy;> njspT
ngWtjw;fhfr; rpy tpsf;fq;fis Ajp\;l;uh; Nfl;lJ
,ay;Gf;F tpNuhjkhdjy;y. gP\;kh; gjpypWf;ifapy; %y
tpsf;fj;jpdpd;Wk; rw;Nw tpyf Nehpl;lhy;> me;j gjpy;fs;
vLj;Jf; nfhz;l nghUspypUe;Jk; njhlh;G tpLgl;lJ Nghy;
Njhd;wf; $Lk;. Nfs;tpfNs vd;d vd;W nrhy;;yg;glhj rpy
,lq;fspy;> %yf;fUtpypUe;J njhlh;G tpl;Lg;NghdJ Nghd;w
Njhw;wk; Kjy; ghh;itapy; ekf;F Vw;glyhk;.
fPijapYk; ,NjNghd;w rk;gh\izapy; mh;[{ddpd;
FWf;fpLk; tpdhf;fs; ePf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lhy;> cge;epah]fh;
nrhy;y epidf;fhj rpy tp\aq;fisr; nrhy;y Neh;e;j>
,NjNghd;w Fiwahy; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;.
,e;j khjphpahd fl;lq;fspy;> gP\;kuhy; jpUk;gj;
jpUk;gr; nrhy;yg;gLtjhff; $wg;gLk; rpy thh;j;ijfs;>
%yf;fUg; nghUSf;Fs; mth; jpUk;gTk; GFk; re;jh;g;gq;
fshf tpsf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
tp\;Z ]`];uehkk; cyfshtpaJ
vy;yh kjq;fSf;Fk;> kj ek;gpf;iffSf;Fk; ]`];u
ehkk; Gfyplk; nfhLf;fpwJ.
it\;zth;fs; ‘tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;” vd;W ngahplg;
gl;bUg;gjhNyNa mijj; jkJlikahf;fpf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;.
rpth> rk;G> ];jhE: Uj;u: N]hk: Nghd;w thh;j;ijfs;
irth;fis chpik nfhz;lhl itf;fpd;wd. R+h;ad;> utp>
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 19 -
Mjpj;ah> ghD: tp`ha]fjp: ]tpjh> R+h;ah Nghd;w
fzf;fpylq;fhj ehkq;fshy; it\;zth;fSf;F
mLj;jgbahf nrsuh;fs; chpik ngWfpwhh;fs;.
];fe;jh vd;fpw gjk; nfskhuh;fs; my;yJ
];fe;jh;fSf;F ctg;g+l;Lk; nrhy;yhfp kw;wth;fNshL Nrh;e;J
mth;fisAk; chpik nfhz;lhl itf;fpwJ.
rf;jh;fSf;F ‘k`hrf;jp ” Ak;
fzgjh;fl;F ‘fNz];tuh”Tk; NghJk; ]`];u ehkk; vkNj
vd;W nrhy;y. Iag;g gf;jh;fis ‘\h];jh” vd;fpw gjj;jhy;
]`];u ehkk; <h;f;fpwJ.
flTNs ,y;iy vd;W $Wk; ehj;jpfh;fisf; $l
gP\;kh; tpl;Litf;ftpy;iy. ]`];u ehkj;jpy; ‘R+d;ah”
vd;fpw thh;j;ijiag; GFj;jp> ,Ug;Gf;F vjph;kiwahd
ek;gpf;ifiaAk; Vw;gLj;Jfpwhh;.
,y;yhj xd;Wf;F (R+d;a: ) vg;gb vjph;g;G njhptpf;f
KbAk ! ?
tpidg;gad;fis mDgtpg;gth;fl;F> mJTk; ey;tpidg;
gad;fis mDgtpg;gth;fSf;F flTs; vd;gth; ve;jj;
jpz;kkhd tbtj;jpYk; ,Uf;fkhl;lhh;. ,ij NknyOe;j
thhpahfg;gbf;Fk; thrfh;fSf;F mj;jifNahh; ehj;jpfh;
fshfj; Njhd;Wth;. ,Ue;jhYk; ]`];u ehkk; mth;fsJ
ek;gpf;iffSf;Fk; KO mq;fPfhuk; mspj;J t;U\fh;kh-
(jh;kkhfpa fhhpaj;ijr; nra;gtd;) t;U\hf;Ujp (jh;kj;jpw;fhf
vtDf;Fr; rhPuk; cs;sNjh) vd;W nrhy;yp Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpwJ.
,iwtDila nray;fNs jh;kk;.
jh;kNk ey;;nyhOf;fk;.
me;j ey;nyhOf;fNk mtUila cUtk;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 20 -
III. jiyg;Gk; Kjy; ];NyhfKk ;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 21 -
III. jiyg;Gk; Kjy; ];NyhfKk ;
jiyg;G : tp\;Z ]`];uehkj;jpy; Kjy;thh;j;ij tp];tk;.
gpd; Vd; ‘tp];t ]`];u ehkk;’ vd;wpy;yhky; tp\;Z ]`];u
ehkk; vd;W jiyg;gpl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;? ,J xU Ritahd
Muha;r;rp! tp];tj;Jf;Fk;> tp\;ZTf;Fk; nghUspNyh>
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpNyh mg;gbnahd;Wk; nghpa tpj;jpahr
kpUg;gjhfj; njhpatpy;iy. ,Ue;Jk; Vd; Kjy; ];Nyhfj;jpd;
,uz;lhtJ thh;j;ij jiyg;ghfj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;
gl;bUf;fpwJ?
yypjh ]`];u ehk ];Njhj;jpuj;jpy; filrpthh;j;ij
jiyg;ghfpg; ngUik ngWfpwJ. rpt ]`];u ehkj;jpd;
jiyg;gpy; cs;s ‘rpt” vd;fpw nrhy;Nyh ekJ ftdj;ij
<h;f;Fk; tifapy; ,y;yhky;>mJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; ,lj;jpy;
614-tJ thh;j;ijahf kiwe;JiwfpwJ.
fghyp j;hp]q;F: m[pj: rpt:
‘tp];tk;’ vd;why; midj;Jk; my;yJ KOtJk.; cgh]fd;
jpahdj;jpy; Mo;e;jpUf;Fk; NghJ me;j thh;j;ijia
cr;rhpf;Fk; jUzj;jpy; kl;Lk; jw;fhypfkhfNt mjd;
KOikia czh;fpwhd;. Mdhy; ,e;j ‘tp];tk;’ vd;gJ
vd;d vd;W mtd; rpe;jpf;f Muk;gpj;j clNdNa kpf vspjhf
tp\;Ztpd; rhk;uh[;aj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;J tpLfpwhd;. ‘tp];tk;’
vd;gJ vd;d vd;W cgh]fd; njhpe;J nfhs;s
tpUk;Gk;NghJ> jpahdj;jpy; tp\;Z Njhd;Wfpwhh;.
tpf;ukzhj; tp\;Z vd;gJ ‘tp];tk;” vd;Dk;
nghUspypUe;J ‘tp\;Z” vd;Dk; rpe;jidf;Fs; EiotjhFk;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 22 -
,q;F tp];tk; vd;gJ Fwpf;Nfhs;. Mdhy; me;j
Fwpf;Nfhs; tp\;ZthfTk; ,Uf;fyhNk? tp];tj;jpd;
CLUtpa Njhw;wNk tp\;Z. tp];tNk ,q;F tp\;Zthf
Muhjpf;fg;gLfpwhh;.
gpugQ;rkhfpw tp];tj;ijj; jhq;Fk; tp\;Ztpy; GFe;J
jpahdj;jpy; yapj;jhy; kl;LNk cgh]fd;> tp];tj;ijg;
ghpG+uzkhfg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;. my;yJ jpahd epiyapy;
cgh]fdpd; ,yf;F tp];tkhfNt tpUe;jhYk;> mij mwpAk;
topKiwfs; tp\;Ztpd; %ykhfj;jhdpUf;Fk;.
KO ];Njhj;jpuKk; tp];tj;ijg; gw;wpNa NgrpdhYk;>
tp\;Zthy;> tp\;Ztpd; %ykhfNt ];Njhj;jpuj;jpd; eil
mike;Jtpl;bUf;fpwJ. vdNt> tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpw;Fg;
ngahpLk;NghJ xU Vw;fj;jf;f mZFKiw mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L
‘tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;” vd;W ngahplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
Kjy; ];Nyhfk;
]`];u ehkk; ‘tp];tk;” vDk; gjj;NjhL
njhlq;FfpwJ. ‘tp];tk;” vd;why; gpugQ;rk; - mz;lk;. rf;jp
tha;e;j kpd;dZ fjph;tPr;Rfspd; ciwtplk.; Ntjnkhopapy;
tp];tk; vd;why; ‘gpuk;kk;’.
g;uztkhfpa Xk;fhuj;jpy; m- c- k; vd;fpw vOj;Jf;fs;
tphpthfp VO t;ah`;Ujpfs; Mfpd;wd. t;ah ;̀Ujpfs;
vd;why; thh;j;ijfs;.
,e;jg; gpugQ;rk; cUthdNghJ cz;lhd Kjy;
rg;jq;fs;(Xirfs;) t;ah ;̀Ujpfs; vd;W miof;fg;
gLfpd;wd. gpugQ;rj;jpd; mq;fkhf ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j VO
cyfq;fSk;> ,e;j VO t;ah ;̀Ujpfshy; miof;fg;gLtJ
kpfTk; nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 23 -
Xk;G+: Gt: ];t: k`: [e: jg: ]j;ak;.
gilg;G mirTfis Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. gjpYf;F me;j
mirTfs; Xirfis cz;Lgz;Zfpd;wd. vdNt
gilg;Gk;> XirAk; NtW NtW mh;j;jq;fspy; nrhy;yg;gl;lhYk;
mit cz;ikapy; xd;wpypUe;J xd;W gphpf;f Kbahjd.
Mifahy; ,e;j KOg;gilg;Gk; (gpugQ;rKk;) VO
t;ah ;̀UjpfSs; mlq;fp tpLfpwJ. mJNt ]`];uehkj;jpd;
Kjy; thh;j;ijahfpa tp];tk;.
,e;j ‘tp];tk;” vd;fpw Kjy; thh;j;ijapd;
tphpthf;fk;jhd; tp\;Z ]`];uehkk;. me;j Kjy; thh;ijapy;
njhlq;fp gpuk;kk; vd;gJ vd;d vd;gij gy thh;j;ijfshYk;
njspTiufshYk; tpthpf;fpwJ.
]`];u ehkj;ijr; nrhd;d gP\;kh;> Muk;g
];Nyhfj;jpd; mLj;j vl;L thh;j;ijfspy;> kpfTk; gaDs;s
,e;j ‘tp];tk;” vd;fpw thh;j;ijiag; gw;wpa jdJ vz;z
Xl;lj;ij eWf;Fj; njwpj;jhw;Nghy; Fwpg;ghf czh;j;jp
tpLfpwhh; vd;fpw Ritahd nra;jpiar; nrhy;ypNa
MfNtz;Lk.; Md;kPfj; NjLjy;fspy; Mh;tKld; <Lgl;Ls;s
Muk;g rhjidahsdpd;> nghWikiar;Nrhjpf;fhky;> ]`];u
ehkj;jpd; ,Wjptiu mtidf; fhj;jpUf;fr; nra;ahky;
mtDf;Fk; gadspf;Fk; tifapy; kuGfisnay;yhk; kPwp>
nkhj;j ];Nyhfq;fspd; jpul;ilAk; Kjy; ];Nyhfj;jpNyNa
je;JtpLfpwhh;.
NtW tpjkhfr; nrhy;tjhdhy; Muk;g ];Nyhfj;jpd;
Kjy; 9 thh;j;ijfspNyNa KO ]`];u ehkj;jpd; RUf;fKk;
jug;gl;LtpLfpwJ. ,e;jf; fUj;Jr; RUf;fk; vt;tsT jpUg;jp
fukhf mike;J tpl;bUf;fpwJ vd;gij ,dp ghh;g;Nghk;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 24 -
tp];tk; : Vw;fdNt $wpagb tp];tk; vd;gJ gpugQ;rk;> gpuk;kk;
Mfpatw;iwf;Fwpf;Fk;.
tp\;Z : mth; vq;Fk; epiwe;jpUf;fpwhh;> vy;yhtw;wpYk;
CLUtp ,Uf;fpwhh;.
t\l;fhu : vy;yhtw;iwAk; jk; trj;jpy; itj;Jf;nfhz;L
Ms;gtd;> epakpg;gtd; - vd;W nghUs;gLk; ,e;j
thh;j;ijiar; nrhd;dTld;> ,iwtd; cgh]fdpd;
cs;sj;jpy; gpujp\;ilahfpwhh;.
G+j gt;a gtj;gpuG : fle;j fhy> epfo;fhy> tUq;fhyq;fspd;
flTs; mtNu. gpwg;G> ,wg;G ,y;yhj mth; vd;WkpUf;fpwhh;.
G+jf;Uj; : vy;yh caphpdq;fisAk; rpU\;bg;gth; mtNu>
(rpU\;bAld; mth; Ntiy Kbe;JtpLtjpy;iy. Mifahy;)
G+jg;Uj; : mtw;iw epiy ngwr;nra;J ghJfhf;fpwhh;.
ght : KOikapd; tbtkhfTk;> KOikf;F ,Ug;gplkhfTk;
cs;s me;j ,iwtd;> mtw;iw md;Gld; ghJfhf;fpwhh;.
G+jhj;kh : vy;yh caphpdq;fspYk; fz;Zf;Fj; njhpahky;
kiwe;Jiwe;J> mtw;wpy; epiy ngw;wpUf;Fk; Mj;khTk; mtNu.
Ke;ija thh;j;ijahd gt: (mjhtJ KOikapd; ,Ug;gplk;)
vd;gjid KOikahf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; ,e;j thh;j;ij
mike;jpUf;fpwJ.
,e;j fl;lj;jpy; xU Nfs;tp vof;$Lk;. cz;ikapy;
xU gf;jdpd; Nehf;fpy; ,iwtd; (tp\;Z) vq;Nf ,Uf;fpwhh;?
‘mth; vy;NyhhpYk; ,Uf;fpwhh;” vd;gNj ,e;jf; Nfs;tpf;fhd
gjpy;.
,J xU cd;djkhd jj;Jtk;> Nfhl;ghL my;yJ jpl
ek;gpf;if. ,iwtidj; NjLtdpd; rpf;fy;fisj; jPh;j;J
itf;fpwJ> ,e;jf; nfhs;if. ,J vy;yh Ntjhe;j
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 25 -
tprhuq;fspd; rhukhfTk; mike;Jtpl;lJ. ,e;jj; jj;Jtk;
]`];u ehkj;jpd; ,Wjpg; gFjpapy;> gP\;khpd; cWjpahd
nja;tPf Mizahy; njs;sj;njspthf tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.
me;j tpsf;fj;jpw;fhfg; gpwF ehk; rpy thpfis xJf;FNthk;.
(jj;tk;> jj;ttpj;> Vfhj;kh)
G+j ghte : mth;jhd; vy;yh caphpdq;fisAk; gpwg;gpg;gth;>
tsh;g;gth;. ([dd ]k;th;j;jeh)
,g;gbahf KONtjhe;jj;jpd; rhuKk; Mw;wypd; KO
vy;iyahf> vg;gb Vopirj; njhFjpapy; (rg;j];tuq;fs;) ,ir
KOtJk; mlf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwNjh mg;gb> ,e;j xd;gJ
thh;j;ijfspy; mlf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
,e;j KOg; gpugQ;rKk; mtNu. mth; vy;yhtw;wpYk;
CLWtp ,Uf;fpwhh;. vq;Fk; tpahgpj;jpUf;fpwhh;. vy;yhkhfTk;
,Uf;fpwhh;. mth; Kf;fhyj;ijAk; fle;j> Kf;fhyj;ijAk;
mwpe;j jiyth;. gpwg;G ,wg;G ,y;yhjth;. caphpdq;fisr;
rpU\;bg;gtUk; mtNu> tsh;g;gtUk; mtNu. Nerpg;gtUk;
mtNu> ghJfhg;gtUk; mtNu. mthpd;wp vJTNk ,y;iy.
xt;nthU caphpdj;jpYk; mth; tho;fpwhh;.
Ntjhe;jj;jpd; fU ]`];u ehkj;jpy; ,t;thW
RUf;fkhfj; njhlq;fp> gpd; tsh;e;J tpsf;fq;fisj;
njhlh;e;J juthuk;gpf;fpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 26 -
IV. tphpthd Ma;T
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 27 -
]`];u ehkj;jpy; tpah]h;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 28 -
1. ]`];u ehkj;jpy; tpah]h;
t;ah]ha tp\;Z &gha t;ah]&gha tp\;zNt /
eNkh it g;u`;k epjNa th]p\;lha eNkh ek : //
tpah]hpd; Gfo;ghLk; Nkw;fz;l ];Nyhfk; tp\;Z
]`];u ehk ghuhazj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; tpah]iu
tp\;ZTf;Fr; rkkhff; $WfpwJ. ,e;jr; rkNehf;F> xU
mwpQhpd; %istsj;jpy; Njhd;wpa fw;gidah my;yJ mjd;
ek;gfj;jd;ikf;F cz;ikapNyNa VNjDk; Mjhuk;
,Uf;fpwjh my;yJ tpah]h; vd;fpw fjhehafidj;
JjpghLk;Nghf;fpd; cr;rfl;lkhf ,J tpsq;Ffpwjh? = kfh
tp\;ZNt juhrpd; kw;nwhU jl;by; tPw;wpUg;gjhy; tpah]Uk;>
tp\;ZTk; xd;Wjhd; vd;fpw ,e;jf; $w;W rhpahdJjhd;
vd;gij tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; ep&gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. tp\;Z
]`];u ehkk; ,e;j ];Nyhfj;ij mq;fPfhpf;fpwJ. cz;ikapy;
,e;j ];Nyhfj;Jf;fhd fUg;nghUs; tp\;Z ]`];u
ehkj;jpypUe;Njjhd; jpul;lg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
tpah]Uila cz;ikg;ngah; fpU\;zh. Vndd;why;
mtuJ epwk; fUg;G. mth; gpwe;j jPT> kw;Wk; gjhhpapy; mtuJ
gazk; Mfpatw;iw Mjhukhff; nfhz;L mth; ‘j;itghaeh’
vd;Wk; ‘gjuhaeh’ vd;Wk; KiwNa miof;fg;gLfpwhh;.
Ntjq;fisg; gphpj;Jj; njhFj;jjhy; mtNu tpah]Ukhfpwhh;.
‘t;ah];’ vd;why; gphpg;gJ.
,uz;L ,lq;fspy; - mjhtJ
mf;uh`;a: ]h];;tj: f;U\;z: Nyh`pjh~:- vd;Dkplj;jpYk;
Ntjh: ];thq;f: m[pj: f;U\;z:- vd;Dkplj;jpYk; fpU\;zh;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 29 -
tUfpwhh;. Mdhy; ,uz;L ,lq;fspYNk cld; tUk;
thh;j;ijfs;> ‘fpU\;zh”tpy; tpah]Uk; ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;fpw
Njhw;wj;ijf; $l cz;L gz;ztpy;iy.
jpt];g;Uf; ]h;tj;Uf; t;ah]: thr];gjph; mNahep[:
j;hp]hkh ]hkf: ]hk - (571-573)
vd;fpw ];Nyhfj;jpy;> tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpy; tpah]hpd;
,lk; cWjp nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,lj;jpy;jhd;
thrfhpd; ftdk; tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpd; Mrphpahpd;ghy;
jpUk;GfpwJ. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpd; njhFg;ghrphpauhfpa
tpah]h;> NkNy nrhd;d me;j VO thh;j;ijfSf;Fs;
Xhplj;ijg; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;. mg;gbj; jd; ngaiu Nrh;j;j
NghJ jdf;F Kd;Dk;> gpd;Dk; kpfr; rpwe;jtw;iwr; Nrh;g;gjpy;
kpfTk; ftdkhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhh;.
G+Nyhfk;> ];th;f;fNyhfk; Mfpatw;iw tp\;Z
]`];u ehkk; vy;yhf;Nfhzq;fspYk; myr Ntz;b
apUg;gjhy; vLj;j vLg;gpNyNa tp];tk;> j;t\;l;lh> ];jtp\;l:
mh;j;j: meh;j;j: - Mfpatw;iwg; gw;wpg; NgRfpwhh;. ruhrhp
kdpjdhf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp> mwpQdhf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp ,e;j
thh;j;ijfis xNu khjphpahfj;jhd; Ghpe;J nfhs;sKbAk;.
mit kdpj epiyapYk;> nja;tPf epiyapYk; jhf;fj;ij
Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
ve;j kdpjdhf ,Ue;jhYk; Xhplj;jpy; trpf;f
NeUk;NghJ> Kjypy; jd;Dila nrsfhpaq;fisAk;>
kfpo;r;rpiaANk gpujhdkhff; nfhs;fpwhd;. mJNghyNt
tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;ijNa jd;Dila ,Ug;gplkhff;
nfhz;Ltpl;l tpah]Uk;> kw;nwy;NyhiuAk; NghyNt
jd;Dila u]idfSf;Nf Kjyplk; nfhLj;jhh;. mth; vg;gb
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 30 -
tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpd; ,jaj;ijNa jd;Dila
,Ug;gplkhfj; Njh;e;njLj;jhh; vd;gij ,g;nghOJ ghh;g;Nghk;.
khKdpth; tpah]iug; gw;wpj; jtwhf ehd; VNjh nrhy;y
tUfpNwd; vd;W thrfh;fs; epidj;Jtpl Ntz;lhk;.
kdpjdpd; ,aw;ifahd FiwghLfis ntspr;rk;
Nghl;Lf;fhl;Ltjw;fhf kl;LNk tpah]h; vd;fpw
fjhghj;jpuj;jpd; gq;fspg;G ,Ue;jJ vd;Wjhd; nrhy;y
tUfpNwd;.
jd; ngahpd; Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; tpah]h; ahh; ahUf;F
,lk; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhh; vd;W ,g;nghOJ ghh;g;Nghk;.
jpt];g;Uf; vd;gtUf;F thdNk vy;iy. thdj;ij
msf;f KbahjJNghy; ,tiuAk;msf;f KbahJ.
xU G+uzj;Jtj;jpd; ghjp ntspg;ghLjhd; jpt];g;Uf;.
mJ ,ul;ilapd; xUghjp.
,d;ndhU ghjp G+];g;Uf ;> mij mj : ];g;Uf; vd;Wk;
nrhy;yyhk;.
re;jh;g;gR+o;epiyapy; gphpe;j jpt];g;Uf;Fk;> G+];g;Uf;Fk;
Nrh;e;Jjhd; KOikahd xd;whf MfpwJ.
Mdhy; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; tpah]Uila ,yf;F
jpt];g;Uf ; kl;LNk. FUthfTk;> MrhdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;w
mtuJ (vg;gb vd;gijg; gpwF nrhy;fpNwd;) Nehf;fk;
]hjfid G+kpapy; js;sp cyf Mrhghrq;fspy; mtid
%o;fbg;gJ my;y. thd;khh;f;fkhfr; nrYj;jp mtid
Md;kPfr; nropg;GfisAilatdhf Mf;FtJjhd;.
gpd;dhy; tUk; jutpzg;uj> vd;Dk; thh;j;ijahy;
ce;jg;gl;Ljhd; ‘nropg;Gfs;’ vd;W ehd; nrhy;fpNwd;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 31 -
]h;tj;Uf; - mth; vy;yhtw;iwAk; ghh;f;fpwth;> mth;
vy;yhtw;iwAk;mwpe;jth;. Mifahy;mth; vq;Fk; epiwe;jth;.
,e;j ]h;tj;Uf ; ,jw;F Kd;G xU Kiw ]pk;̀ : Tf;F
neUq;fpa clDiwahf (200) Njhd;wpapUf;fpwhh;.
‘mk;Uj;A: ]h;tj;Uf; ]pk;̀ :
,e;j ]pk;̀ > ,q;F =eu]pk;̀ j;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ]j;aghkhit
‘ghkh” vd;W nrhy;fpNwhkpy;iyah?-mJNghy. Mjprq;fuh;
$Wfpwhh;.
‘e;U]g;jNyhNge’ ‘]j;aghkh ghkh’ ,jptj; ]pk;̀ :”.
[lkhd J}zpypUe;J ntspg;gl;L ‘jhd; vq;Fk; epiwe;jth;”
vd;fpw cz;ikia ep&gpj;jth; eu]pk;̀ khfpa
= k`htp\;Z.
tp\;Zthfpa jd;Dila epiyiar; re;Njfkw;wjhf;F
tjw;fhfNt> tpah]h; ]h;tj;Uf;iff; $g;gpl;Lj; jd;Dld;
,Uj;jpf;nfhs;fpwhh;. Mifahy; tpah]Uk; vy;yhk; mwpe;j>
vq;Fk; epiwe;j rf;jpahfpwhh;. ,q;Fjhd; tp\;ZTk;>
tpah]Uk; rkk; vd;fpw epiy ,WjpahfpwJ - cWjpahfpwJ.
tpah]h; vd;Dk; M]hd; (FU)
thr];gjp : vd;fpw thh;j;ij FUNthL ,ize;jJ.
Kd;djhf>
FU: FUjhNkh> jhk................ thr];gjp:/
vd;W tUfpwJ.
‘cjhujP “ (rpwe;j QhdKilath;) - ,g;nghOJ ,q;Nf
te;J tpah]iu Mrhd; my;yJ FU vd;fpw epiyf;F
cah;j;JfpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 32 -
FUkhh;fSf;nfy;yhk; FUty;yth tpah]h;?
]{fjhjk; jNghepjpk; /
thr: tpj;ahgjp: //-Mf tpsq;Fk; mtiuj;
jtpu NtWahuhy; Ntjq;fisg; gFj;J Muha;e;J njhFf;f
KbAk;? mth; Ntjq;fisg; gphpj;jhh; vd;gij>
j;hp]hkh ]hkf: ]hk
vd;W mtuJ ngaiuj; njhlUk; thh;j;ijfs; ghLk;
Ntjq;fspd; ghly;fs; cWjp nra;fpd;wd.
Ntjq;fisAk;> Ntjtpah]iuAk; gphpf;fKbahJ. vdNtjhd;
Kd;djhf>
Ntj : Ntjtpj; ……. Ntjtpj;ftp : (127-132)
vd;nwy;yhk; Ntjq;fs; gphpf;fg;gl;lNghJ tpah]h; ftp> vd;fpw
thh;j;ijahy; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwhh;. midtUk; xg;Gf;nfhs;Sk;
tifapy; mtNu thr];gjpAk; Mfpwhh;.
ftp : - f;fhf
f;uhe;jjh;]P ftp : ]h;tj;Uf; -
vd;W Mjp rq;fuh; nrhy;Yk;NghJ mtuJ Nehf;fj;ijf;
ftdpg;gJ ,d;wpaikahjJ. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpy;
tpah]iu Ntjq;fspypUe;J gphpj;Jtplhj tifapy; ,e;j
Ntjtpj; (]h;tj;Uf;) ftp: - ]h;tj;Uf; tpah]:- Tld;
,izf;fg;gl;Lj; njhlu Ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd; mtuJ Mo;e;j
rpe;jidapd; ntspg;ghlhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ.
xU Mrphpahpd; jpwik mtUila jd;dpfhpy;yh
NghjdhKiwahy; gspr;rpLfpwJ. mNahep[ : (ngz;fs; %yk;
gpwf;fhjth; vd;W nghUs;) vd;fpw thh;j;ijapYs;s
rpf;fyhd fUj;ijj; njspthf;f tpah]h; jUk;
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; Kjy; jukhdit ; ,iwtdpd; gy;NtW
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 33 -
mtjhuq;fl;Fk;. Vd;? tpah]hpd; gpwg;Gf;Fk; $l .,e;j
cUtq;fs; kdpjdpd; - mtdJ ghpzhk tsh;r;rpapd;
tpsf;fkhf mike;Jtpl;ljhy; mNahep[j;tj;ij> (ngz;zpd;
rk;ge;jNk ,y;yhky; gpwg;gJ) Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.
Mifahy;jhd;> mNahep[: vd;W $wpaJk;>
tpah]uhfpa thr];gjp.
j;hp]hkh ]hkf : ]hk /
vd;W njhlh;fpwhh;. Nahdp[ : (ngz; %ykhfg;gpwg;gJ) vd;fpw
nghJf;fUj;ij> Ntjq;fspd; Njhw;wj;Jld; nghUj;jpg;
ghh;g;gJ vd;gJ> fw;gidf;nfl;lhj mngsUN\a vd;W
nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w Mz;ikf;Fr; rk;ge;jg;glhj tp\ak;
vd;gijg; gpufldg;gLj;jpahfp tpl;lJ. gpwF> mNahep[:
fUj;Jf;F Ntjq;fis tplr; rpwe;j cjhuzk; ,Uf;f
KbahJ.
tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;ijj; njhlh;e;J ghuhazk;
nra;gth;fSf;F>
j;hp]hkh ]hkf: ]hNkjp ;̀Ujak;
vd;fpw Ke;ija njhlh; epidtpUf;Fk;. cz;ikapy; xUth;
Nahep[ - th my;yJ mNahep[ - th vd;fpw ghpG+h;zkhd
El;gkhd cz;ikiar; nrhy;tjw;fhfNt tpah]h; ,g;gb el;l
eLtpy; Mjpf;fkhf mkh;e;jpUf;fpwhh;.
,e;jj; njhlhpy; `;Ujak; vd;gJ kdijf; Fwpf;Fk;>
gpwF> ,e;j KO gpugQ;rk;> ghpzhktsh;r;rp Mfpait me;j
,iwtdpd; kd]q;fy;gj;jpd;> tpisTjhd; vd;gij mJ
nrhy;ytUfpwJ. ,e;j vz;zk;
tp];tfh;kh kD :
vd;fpw mwptpg;ghy; NkYk; myq;fhpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 34 -
Nahep[: ghypay; tl;lj;ijr; Rw;wpte;J mJNt
gpuN[hw;gj;jpapd; mwpT G+h;tkhd rpU\;b topahf
,iwtdhy; cz;lhf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j Nahep[ fz;Nzhl;lNk>
kdpj ,ay;gpd; xU gFjpahfp> mJNt kdpjdpd; mf;fiw
vd;whfp tpl;lJ. Mdhy; ‘Mj;kh’ Nahep[ tl;lj;jpw;F
ntspapNyNa epw;fpwJ.
xUtDila tpidg;gaid Kd;dpWj;jp gpwg;Gk;>
kWgpwg;Gk; mjidNa fhuzkhff; nfhz;L> ,iwtdpd;
kd]q;fy;gj;jpdhy; mikfpd;wd. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpd;
,Wjpapy; ,e;jf; fUj;J>
Mj;kNahep : ];taQ;[hj : itfhe (1) : ]hkfhae :
vd;fpw thpfshy; njs;sj; njspthf tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.
thrfh;fs;>
mNahep[ : it Mj;kNahep : ];tak; [hj - TlDk;
j;hp]hkh ]hkf: ]hkhit> ]hkfhae: TlDk; nghUj;jpg;
ghh;f;f Kaw;rpf;fNtz;Lk;. ,g;gbahf kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd
mwpnthsptPRk; ,lj;ij tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpy; tpah]h;
vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhh;.
(1) itfhe : vd;why; Njhz;Lgth; vd;W nghUs;.
kdpjd; czTf;fhfj; Njhz;Lfpwhd;. mjpU\;lj;-
jpw;fhfj; Njhz;Lfpwhd;. ,Wjpahf ];th;f;;;fk; my;yJ
eufj;jpw;F jd;idf; nfhz;L nry;Yk; rkhjpf;fhfj;
Njhz;Lfpwhd;.)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 35 -
]`];u ehkj;jpy; FU :
]`];u ehkk; xU FU vg;gb ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;
vd;gij kpf ed;whfr; nrhy;fpwJ.
FU : FUjk: jhk: ]j;a: ]j;a guhf;uk: /
epkp\: mepkp\: ];uf;tP thr];gjP : cjhujP : //
mf;uzP : f;uhkzP : ];hPkhd; e;aha : Nejh ]kPuz : /
xU Mrphpah; kpf cauj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ‘jhk’
(jhk = cyfq;fs; midj;jpw;Fk; ,Ug;gplkhdth;)> mtuJ
,Uf;if khpahijf;Fhpa tpjj;jpy; vy;NyhUk; mwpAk;
tz;zk; mika Ntz;Lk;. mth; cz;ikahdtuhf ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;. cz;ikNa mtuJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gz;ghf
,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. (]j;a : ]j;aguhf;fuk:) rkak; NeUk;
Nghnjy;yhk;> Njitf;Nfw;g jd;Dila khzth;fis
fz;zpikj;Jk; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. fz;nfhl;lhkYk;
ghh;f;fNtz;Lk;.
(epkp\ : mepkp\ : ) kd;dpg;gJk;> fz;bg;gJk; Mrphpahplk;
rkNehf;fpy; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mth; nfsutkhfj; jd;id
myq;fhpj;Jf; nfhz;L tuNtz;Lk;.
(];uf;tP - khiyazpe;jth;) Ngr;rpy; mUtpahf> gapw;W
tpg;gjpy; ,uf;f FzKilatuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
jhdwpe;jtw;iw jdJ khzhf;fh;fsplkpUe;J kiwf;ff;
$lhJ. (thr];gjp : nrhy;Yf;F mjpgjp : cjhujP : rpwe;j
QhdKilath;.)
gpwuhy; gpd;gw;wj; jf;fnjhU cjhuz GU\dhf mth;
jpfo Ntz;Lk;. (mf;uzP - mbahh;fis NkYk; NkYk; caur;
nra;gth;: f;uhkzp - jiytd;)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 36 -
=khd; - mth; fz;zpakhd fdthdhf (=khd; ) - ePjp>
Neh;ik kpf;ftuhf (e;aha : Nejh: ) ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
FUthdth; cz;ikapNyNa r%fj;jpd; ,d;wpaikahj caph;
%r;R (]kPuzk;). tho;Tf;Fg; gpuhzd; vg;gbNah mwpitj;
NjLNthUf;Ff; FUTk; mg;gbNa. ,e;j Mrphpahplk; ,Uf;Fk;
ghlg;gFjp ]`];u%h;j;jh tp];thj;kh ]`];uh~ :
]`];ughj; mjhtJ ,tuJ tFg;giwapy; Nghjpf;fg;gLtJ
]`];u ehkhitj; jtpu Ntwpy;iy.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 37 -
tp];tk; - tp];t%h;j;jp : (717)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 38 -
2. tp];tk; - tp];t%h;j;jp : (717)
(mUtj;jpypUe;J cUtj;jpw;F)
Rj;jkhf> cUtkpy;yhjjhf ,Uf;Fk; tp];tj;jpy; tp\;Z
]`];u ehkk; Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ,e;j tp];tk; vd;gJ>
cgh]fhpd; fw;gidf;fg;ghw;gl;lJ. ]`];uehkk;> gbg;gbahf
cgh]fidg; gapw;Wtpj;J. mUtkhd tp];tj;ijg;gw;wpa
cWjpahd fUj;ij cUtkpy;yhj tp];tj;jpypUe;J>
tp];t%h;j;jp: vd;fpw cUtj;jpy; ,Uj;j> topelj;jpr;
nry;fpwJ. ,e;jj; juthhpahd Ma;T> chpa rPuhd
topKiwapy; gbg;gbahf> xt;nthUgbAk; ekf;Fj; njspT+l;b>
xspA+l;b>
tp];tfh;kh> tp];tNujh: tp];tNahep:
tp];tNahep: tp];thj;kh> tp];tj;Uf;>
tp];tGf;>tp];tgh`{:tp];tj~pz:
Mfpatw;wpD}Nl nry;fpwJ.
tp];tj;jpy; njhlq;fpa xUth;> tp];t%h;j;jpia
ailtjw;F ,e;j xd;gJ thh;j;ijfsAk; fle;jhf Ntz;Lk;.
,e;j xd;gJ thh;j;ijfspYk; mtuJ fz;Zf;Fj;
njhpahky; fiue;jpUf;Fk; tp];tk; ,Wjpapy; ];gbfkhd
tp];t%h;j;jpapy; epiynfhz;L gpugQ;r topKiwiaj;
njspthf;FfpwJ.
tp];t%h;j;jp : ,e;j fl;Liug; nghUspd; Kbthd thh;j;ij
Mifahy;> ]`];u ehkk; tp];t%h;j;jpf;Fg; gpwF tp];thit
Kd;dpWj;jp ve;j thh;j;ijiaANk nrhy;ytpy;iy.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 39 -
tp];t%h;j;jp : (717)
,e;j cUtkpy;yhjJ> nfhQ;rq;nfhQ;rkhf ntspf;
nfhzug;gl;L> xU Ghpe;J nfhs;sf; $ba
tp];t%h;j;jp : //
vd;fpw cUtkhf vg;gb MfpwJ vd;gjid MuhAk; ,e;jr;
nray;Kiw tpsf;fj;jpy;> ,e;j tp];t%h;j;jpapd; Kf;fpaj;
Jtj;ij ]`];uehkk; vg;gb tpthpf;fpwJ vd;gijg; Ghpe;J
nfhs;s Kaw;rpg;Nghk;.
]`];uehkj;jpd; rpfuk; Nghd;w Kjy; thh;j;ijahfpa>
tp];tj;ij tpthpf;f Kaw;rpg;gjhy; ,e;jg; ghlk; kpfTk;
Kf;fpakhdjhfpwJ.
= gP\;kh; mj: vd;fpw Gdpjkhd thh;j;ijAld; me;j
tpsf;fj;ijj; njhlq;Ffpwhh;. Nfl;gtuJ ftdj;ij
<h;g;;gjw;fhf ‘mg;Gwk;?’ vd;W ehk; nrhy;tjpy;iyah?
mJNghyNt mj: (mjd;gpwF?) vd;W mth; Nfl;fpwhh;.
mj mguh[pj : (mj) tp];t%h;j;jp : k`h%h;j;jp :
jPg;j%h;j;jp : m%h;j;jpkhd; mNef%h;j;jpmt;af;j ]j%h;j;jp :
]jhee : Vf : ief : ]t : f : fpk; aj; aj; gjkEj;jkk;.
] : vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpw me;j ,iwtd;>
jPg;j%h;j;jp: k`h%h;j;jp m%h;j;jpkhd; t;af;j: Vf: /
vg;nghOJ jd;dpr;irahf caphpdq;fspy; tho epidj;jhNuh
mg;nghONj mth; gythfp ief: ]j%h;j;jp: ]jhee: -
thfj;njspthfpj; njhpfpwhh;. mg;gbNa tp];t%h;j;jpAk;
Mfptpl;lhh;.
tp];t%h;j;jpu];a ]h;thj;kfj;thj; vd;fpwhh;>
Mjprq;fuh;. ,q;F tp];t%h;j;jpapd; tpsf;fk; GU\
]_f;jj;jpy; cs;s Muk;g thh;j;ijfspd; kW gjpg;G.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 40 -
tp];tj;jpypUe;J tp];t %h;j;jp: tiuapYs;s xd;gJ
thh;j;ijfs; Vf : vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w ,e;j xd;wpypUe;J
vg;gb ,e;jg; ‘gy’ Tk; (ief: tp];t%h;j;jp: ) Njhd;wpd
vd;gjid Kiwg;gb tpsf;FfpwJ.
tp];tfh;kh kE : (51)
tp];tfh;kh vd;why; tp];tj;ij cUthf;fpath; vd;W
nghUs; ‘tp];tNk (gpugQ;rNk) mtuJ nray;” vd;Wk; nghUs;
nfhs;syhk;. ,e;jg; gpugQ;rk; vg;gb te;jJ? vd;gjid
mLj;j thh;j;ijahd kE : nrhy;fpwJ.
ke;ehj; kE : - kE : kd;jh
Let there be light –He saw- and there was light- Bible (tR=)
mth; epidj;jhh; - mq;F gpugQ;rk; te;jJ> gpugQ;rk; mtuJ
kd]q;fy;gj;jpd; tpisT.
me;j j;t\;lh> ];jtp\;l : kpfr; rd;dkhdJ Kjy;
kpfTk; jbj;jJ tiuapyhd ,e;j KOg; gpugQ;rj;jpw;fhfTk;
NgRfpwJ.
mZ : g;U`j; f;U] : ];J}y : /
tp];tNujh : g;u[hgt : (88)
,q;F ]`];uehkk;> tp];tfh;khit cyfpay; my;yJ
kz;Zyfg; ghh;itapy;> kdpj Nehf;fpy;> NkYk; tphpthff; $wp
];U\;bapd; topKiwfis NkYk; tphpthf tpsf;FfpwJ.
Nujh : vd;gJ> ngz;fs; fUj;jhpj;J ]e;jjpia
cw;gj;jp nra;tjpy;> Mz;fspd; gq;fhfpa Nuj]; (,e;jphpak;)
vd;fpw tpijiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ (g;u[hgt:).
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 41 -
g`{]puh: gg;U: tp];tNahep ]{rp];ut: (117)
tp];tNujh- it KOikahf;Fk; ngz;ikapd; gq;F
tp];tNahep: tp];tNujhTk;> tp];tNahepAk; ,y;yhky; tk;]k;
tpUj;jpahtJ vd;gJ Kbahj fhhpak;. ,e;j Mgh]khd (?!)
,dr;Nrh;f;ifia xOf;fkw;w nraiyr; rKjhaj;jpy; J}z;b
tpLfpwJ vd;fpw tpkhprdf; fz;Nzhl;lj;ij tp\;Z
]`];uehkk;> fz;Lk; fhzhky; ghuhKfkhf ,Ue;Jtpl
tpy;iy.
‘]{rp];ut”: vd;W mwptpj;JtpLfpwJ. (]{rp];ut:
vd;why; J}a nrhw;fisNa Nfl;gtd; vd;WnghUs;)
jd;Dila ghugl;rkw;w fhjhy; ,e;jg; Gdpjr; nray;ghl;ilr;
nrtpkLf;fNtz;Lk;.
ve;j topapy; ,J GdpjkhdJ vd;gJ tp];tNahep:
,uz;lhk; Kiw tUk;NghJ> Gdh;t]{: (];U\;bj;J me;j
];U\;bapNyNa tho;tJ vd;W nghUs;) vd;fpw thh;j;ijahy;
tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.
g`_]pu: (gy jiyfisAilath;) vd;fpw thh;j;ij
,e;j thpirapy; tp];t%h;j;jp : vd;Dk; nghUSf;F ];Ujp
Nrh;f;Fk; tpjj;jpy; mike;jpUf;fpwJ.
tp];tNahep : Gdh; t]{ : (149)
tp];tNahep: ,q;F ,uz;lhk; Kiwahf tUfpwJ.
rhjhuzkhf Ghpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;l ghypay; epfo;it xU
Gdpjkhd ];U\;bf;fhd epfo;thf cah;j;JtNj ,e;j
GdUf;jpapd; (GdUf;jp - nrhd;dijNa jpUk;g nrhy;Yjy;);
Nehf;fkhFk;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 42 -
Mjprq;fuh; Geh;t]{: it>
Ge : Ge : ]hPNu\P t]jp
N~j;uf;Q &Ngz ,jp -
kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; ekJ ]hPuj;jpy; N~j;uj;Quhf trpf;fpwhh;
vd;W tpsf;Ffpwhh;. ,iwtd; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; N~j;uf;Quhf
jd;id ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpwhh; vd;Dk;NghJ>
tp];tNujh: kw;Wk; tp];tNahep: apd; khw;wk; ntWk; ngsjpf
epfo;Nt. fPo;kl;l clw;$wpaypy; kl;LNk ghypay; NtWghL
,Uf;fpwJ. cah; Md;kPf epiyapy; MizAk; ngz;izAk;
,dk;gphpj;Jf; fhzKbahJ. Mifahy;> Mjprq;fuh;
tp];tNujh: tp];tNahep: Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; xNu khjphpahf>
tp];t];a fhuzj;thj; - vd;W tpsf;Ffpwhh;.
tp];thj;kh (425)
tp];tNujhTk;> tp];tNahepAk; cwthLk; epiyapd;
,Wjpg;gad; tp];thj;kh. ,q;F ]`];u ehkk; kPz;Lk;
tp];thj;kh vJ vd;gij ]`];u %h;j;j tp];thj;kh
]`];uh~ ]`];ughj; vd;W $wp tpsf;FfpwJ. ,e;j
tpsf;fk;>
]j%h;j;jp ]jhee : tpd;
kw;nwhU gbtkhfp> fl;Liug; nghUshf ehk; ghh;f;Fk;
tp];t%h;j;jp : apd; Rikiaj; jhq;fpepw;fpwJ.
tp];tj;Uf; tp];tGf;tpG : (238 - 239)
,e;j ,uz;L thh;j;ijfshYk; tp];tj;jpDs; tp];thj;kh
Vw;wpUf;Fk; ghfk; $wg;gLfpwJ. mth; tp];tj;ijj;
jhq;Fgth; (tp];tj;Uf;) tp];tj;ij mDgtpg;gth; (tp];tGf;)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 43 -
tp];t%h;j;jp> ]jhee : tpd; kw;WnkhU cUtkhd tpG:
gpujhd thh;j;ijahd tp];t%h;j;jpAld; ,izfpwJ.
‘`puz;afh;ghjp&Ngz tptpjk;’
gtjPjp tpG : - vd;fpwhh; Mjprq;fuh;.
,g;gbahf tp];tk; tpjtpjkhd tbtnkLf;Fk; xt;nthU
epiyapYk;> tp];t%h;j;jp : VjhtJ xU xj;j cUtj;jpy;
jd;id ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpwhh;.
tp];tgh`_: tp];tj~pz : (316 - 425)
Kd;nrhd;d tp];tj;Uf; kw;Wk; tp];tGf; Mfpa
,uz;ilAk; gw;wp> KiwNa tp];tgh`_: Tk; tp];tj~pz: -
Tk; NgRfpd;wd.
tp];tj;Uf; : nray;jpwidg; gw;wpg; Ngrpdhy;
tp];tgh`_: me;jr; nraypd; cly; rhh;e;j epiyiag; gw;wpg;
NgRfpwJ. (Njhs;fs;jhd; Rkf;fpd;wd)
tp];tGf;: ,iwtdJ Mw;wiyg; gw;wpg; NgRk;NghJ
tp];tj~pz : mtuJ jpwik my;yJ jFjpiag; gw;wpg;
(j~jh) NgRfpwJ.
tp];tgh`_-Tf;F mUfhikapy; mike;jpUf;Fk;
thh;j;ijfisr; RUf;fkhf Muha;e;jhy; mJ tp\;Z
]`];uehkj;jpd; kpfr; rpwe;j nrhy; Neh;j;jpiaAk; mw;Gjkhd
cs;Nehf;fj;ijAk; tpsq;f itf;fpwJ.
f;Nuhj`h f;Nuhjf;Uj; fh;j;jh tp];tgh`_: k`Pju :
Nfhgj;ij ];U\;bg;gtUk; ,iwtNd (f;Nuhjf;Uj;) Nfhgj;ij
kl;Lk;jhd; mth; ];U\;bf;fpwhuh? vy;yhtw;Wf;FNk
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 44 -
mtNujhd; ];U\;bfh;j;jhthifahy; mth; tp];tgh`_:
mtUila Njhs;fNs ,e;jg; G+Tyifr; Rkf;fpd;wd.(k P̀ju:)
,q;F k`Pju : mUt czh;tpy; NgRfpwJ. Mdhy;
tp];tgh`_ : cly; rhh;e;j my;yJ jpz;ikahd czh;tpy;
NgRfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; tp];tgh`_thy; ,uz;L
czh;TfisANk ifahsKbAk;. tp];tj;ijg; gw;wpg;
NgRk;NghJ mUt czh;itAk; gh`{: gw;wpg;NgRk; NghJ
cUt czh;itAk; ntspf;nfhzh;fpwJ. NkYk; tp];t%h;j;jp
Aldhd cwtpy; tp];tgh`_: cgh]fDf;F ,iwtdpd;
,ju ngsjpfepiyfis tphpthf Muha xU jsj;ij
mikj;Jf; nfhLf;fpwJ.
my;yJ ,iwtdpd;>
tp];th~: tp];tghj: tp];t%h;jh tp];thee:
Nghd;w NkYk; gy tbtq;fisg; gw;wp epidf;Fk;
vz;zj;ijj; Njhd;w itf;fpwJ.
,g;gb> tp];tk; thpirapy; ngsjpfepiyapy; ciwAk;
thh;j;ijfshd tp];tNujh: tp];tNahep: tp];tgh`_:
Mfpait tp];t%h;j;jpiar; nrd;wilfpd;wd.
tp];tfh;kh> tp];thj;kh> tp];tj;Uf;> tp];tGf;>
tp];tj~pz: - Mfpa thh;j;ijfs; mUt czh;tpd;
ghw;gl;ljhy; tp];tj;ijr; nrd;wilfpd;wd.
RUq;fr; nrhd;dhy; tp];t%h;j;jp: ]j%h;j;jp: ]jhee:
Mfpatw;iwj;jtph;j;J G+kpapy; ehk; ghh;f;Fk;> iffhy;fs;> fz;>
Kfk; Mfpatw;Wld; $ba vy;yh cUtq;fisAk; Fwpf;f
tp];tgh`_: ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;W ehk; nrhy;yyhk;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 45 -
tp];uhk : tp];tj~pz : (424 - 425)
,e;jr; RUf;fkhd> nghUl;nrwpTs;s tp];tj;ijg;
gphpj;Jr;nrhy;Yk; gFjpapy; ‘tp];tj~pz:” vd;Dk; thh;j;ij
kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ.
tp];uhk: vDk; thh;j;ijAld;> mJ kpf cah;e;j
ke;jpuj;ijAk;> gy];UjpiaAk; ,e;jg;gphpTf;Fj; jUfpwJ.
Royr;R Nghd;w tp];tk; vd;fpw thh;j;ijAld; tp];uhk:
tp];tj~pz: gy];Ujp rfyj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpf; nfhz;L
tpLfpwJ. ,q;F tp];tj~pz: tp];tj;jpy; tpUk;gg;gLk;
vijAk;> vy;yhtw;iwAk; nfhLg;gth;. vdNtjhd;>
Mjp rq;fuh; tp];uhk: it fPo;tUkhW tpsf;Ffpwhh;.
]k;]hu ]hfNu ~{j; gpgh]hjp \l;kph;gp:
juq;fpNj mtpj;ahjp k`hf;Nyi]: kjhjpgp:
cgf;Nyi]: rt]Pf;Ujhehk; tp];uhe;jpk;
fhq;~ khzhdhk; tp];uhkk; Nkh~k;
fNuhjPjp tp];uhk: /
,q;F grpAk;> jhfKk; clypd; Jd;gj;ijf;
Fwpf;fpd;wd. ,Wkhg;G Nghd;wit kdjpd; Jd;gj;ijf;
Fwpf;fpd;wd. mwpahikahy; Vw;gLk; khaj;Njhw;wq;fshy;
tpLjiy my;yJ Nkh~j;jpd; top milf;fg;gLfpwJ.
Mdhy; tp];tj~pz: xt;nthU tpUg;gj;ijAk;
epiwNtw;wpj;jUfpwJ.
cgh]fUf;F cWjpahf;fg;gLk; tp];uhk epiy ,e;jg;
gphptpd; ,Wjpapy; Njhd;Wk; jj;gj kEj;jkk; vd;gijj; jtpu
Ntwpy;iy.
,g;gbahf ,e;j 11 thh;j;ijfSf;Fs; tp];tk; vg;gbj;
Njhw;wnkLf;fpwJ vg;gb cUtkpy;yhj tp];tk; cUtKs;s
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 46 -
tp];t%h;j;jpahfpwJ> tp];tk; vg;gb te;jJ? vg;gb epiy
ngw;wJ?. vg;gbg; gzpahw;WfpwJ? jpahdj;jpy; - gy];Ujpahy;
<h;f;fg; gLtJl;gl;l> mJ vg;gb ifahsg;glNtz;Lk;? vd;gJ
Nghd;w tptuq;fs; mlq;fpapUf;fpd;wd.
,Wjpahf ,e;jg; gphptpy;> jpahdk; nra;Ak; cgh]fh;
]`];u%h;j;jp> tp];thj;kh> ]`];uh~> ]`];ughj;
my;yJ
]j%h;j;jp: ]jhee:
(my;yJ)
mee;j&g: mee;j =: mee;j&g: mee;j =:
Mfpatw;iw kl;LNk ghh;j;J czUk; xU R+o;epiyapy;
,Uj;jg;gLfpwhh;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 47 -
tp];t&g :
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 48 -
3. tp];t&g :
]`];uehkhtpy; tp];t&ghtpd; rpj;jhpg;G> mNefkhf
Ritahdjhf> gapw;Wtpg;gjhf> vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld;
$bajhf jPl;ba Xtpak;Nghy mike;Jtpl;bUf;fpwJ.
nrhd;dTlNdNa Ghpe;J nfhs;sf;$ba thh;j;ijfshd
tp];tk;> tp\;Z: g;u`;k Mfpatw;iwj; jtpu> tp];t&ghtpd;
ntt;NtW ghpkhzq;fis tpsf;ff;$ba NtW rpy ,ul;il
thh;j;ijfSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
( i )Nyh`pjh~: g;ujh;je: (59 > 60)
Nyh`pjh~: kr;rhtjhuj;ijAk;> g;ujh;je: gpusa
fhyj;jpy; mopf;Fk; rf;jpiaAk; Fwpf;fpd;wd. ,e;j ,uz;L
thh;j;ijfSk;> $l;lhf> tp];t&ghtpd; ghpzhkj;
Njhw;wq;fisg; NgRfpd;wd. ,e;j ,uz;L thh;j;ijfSNk
fpU\;zhitj; njhlh;tjhy;> gj;J mtjhuq;fSf;Fs;Sk;>
nghpJk; Ngrg;gLfpd;w tp];t%h;j;jpahfpa ,iwtid vspjhf
nkhopngah;f;fpd;wd.
(Nyh`pjh~: vd;why; mofpa nre;jhkiuf; fz;zd; vd;W
nghUs;. kr;rhtjhuj;jpy; kPdpd; fz;fs; moF. vdNt ,e;j
nrhy; kr;rhtjhuj;ij epidT gLj;JfpwJ.)
( ii )g;uG+j : j;hpfFg;jhk (61 > 62)
,q;F tp];t&gh> fPo; - eL - Nky;kl;lg; gpuhe;jpa
my;yJ> FbapUg;Gj; Njhw;wq;fshy; tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
(j;hpfFg;jhkh vd;why; gukgjj;ij ,Ug;gplkhf cilatd;>
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 49 -
%d;W Kfg;GfisAila tuhfkhf mtjhpj;jtd; vd;W
nghUs;) mit ,iwtd; trpf;Fk; ,iwtdJ ,Ug;gplq;fs;
(g;uG+j: vq;Fk; epiwe;jtd;> kpfg;nghpa) ,q;F mf;uh ;̀a:
f;U\;zh KO cUtj;jpy; Njhw;wkspf;fpwhh;.
( iii )
e;af;Nuhj : cJk;gu : (827) m];tj;j : (828)epd;w jpUf;Nfhyj;jpy; tp];t&ghtpd; tpsf;fk; ,J.
(e;af;Nuhj: vd;why; fPNo epd;W tzq;Fgth;fshy;
epWj;jg;gl;ltd; vd;W nghUs;). Mykuj;jpd; tpOJfs;
fpisfspypUe;J fPopwq;fp> Nth;fshfp G+kpapy; Gije;J
Nt&d;Wfpd;wd. jiuapypUe;J G+kpf;Fs; ,wq;Fk; ,e;j
nrq;Fj;jhd epiy> e;af;Nuhj: fPo;Nehf;fp G+kpf;Fs; nry;Yk;
epiy. kw;nwhUkuk; cJk;gu: (cJk;gu: vd;why; cah;e;j
gukgjj;ijr; Nrh;e;jtd; vdW nghUs;) thdshtpa kuk;
(mk;guhj; cj;fj:) Mifahy; ,e;j cJk;gu: jiukl;lj;Jf;F
NkNy cs;s nrq;Fj;jhd epiyiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ.
,g;gbahf ,iwtd; ve;jj;jpf;fpYk; ve;jg;
ghpkhzj;jpYk; vy;iyaw;wth;. xU gf;fk; Nyhfhjag;
Nghf;Ffs; (e;af;Nuhj:) jiukl;lj;jpypUe;J fPopwq;fp>
Nth;gpbj;Jf; nfhQ;rq;nfhQ;rkhf> G+kpAld; cWjpahfg;
gpizf;fpwJ. ,d;ndhUgf;fk; Rje;jpukhd Md;kPfg;
Nghf;Ffs; (cJk;gu:) nja;tPfkhfp thid vl;Lk;
cauj;Jf;Fg; Ngha;tpLfpd;wd. tho;f;ifapd; ,e;j ,Utpj
mopaf;$ba Nghf;Ffis (m];tj;j:) Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Ltdthf
,it mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. (m];tj;j: Njth;fs; %ykhf
cyfq;fis epakpj;J Ms;gtd;. Njth;fSf;Fk; mopTz;L
vd;W czh;f.)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 50 -
( iv )k`hG+j : k`hepjp : (811 > 812)
,e;j thh;j;ijfs; tp];t&ghtpd; cyfshtpa
ghpkhzj;ijg; NgRfpd;wd. k`hG+j: ,e;j kpf tphpe;j
gue;jntspf;Fs; NghfpwJ. k`hepjp: ,e;jg; gue;j ntspapy;
Mokhfj; Njhz;LfpwJ. gha;e;J KOFfpwJ. ,e;jg; gue;j
ntspapy;> Kz;babj;Jj;NjLk; Kaw;rp ,J> ve;j
Kaw;rpapYNk ,iwtd; Moq;fhz Kbahjth;. ,J xU
nghUl;nrwpthd> vy;iyaw;wijf; fhZk; Kaw;rpapd;
Kd;Ndw;w epiyahFk;.
( v )
G+: Gt: ]{t: (967)
,e;j kpfTk; gof;fkhd vq;Fk; epiwe;j G+: Gt: ]{t:
juthpirg;gbahd ghpkhzj;Jf;fhf fple;j epiyapy;
ghpzkpf;fpwJ. (G+: Gt: ]{t: %d;W cyfq;fspd;
caphpdq;fSk; thOkplkhd ,iwtd;).
(vi )mZ: g;U`j; f;U]: ];J}y: Fzg;Uj; eph;Fz: (839 -844)
,q;F tp];t&g: vy;yhtw;iwAk; jOtpa xt;nthU
kdjpYk; vz;zpg; ghh;f;ff; $ba ghpkhzj;jpYk; ,Uf;fpwhh;.
mZ: vy;iyaw;wjhd ,iwak;rj;jpd; xU Gs;spiaj;
njhl;lhy;> g;U`j; me;j vy;iyaw;wjpd; rpfuj;ij vl;LfpwJ.
mZ: kpfTk; Ez;zpad;> g;U`j; - nghpjpDk; nghpatd;.
f;U]: kpfTk; nky;ypajhdJ vd;why; ];J}y: kpfTk;
gUj;jjhd kuj;jpd; mbf;fl;il Nghd;wJ. mZ: tpypUe;J
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 51 -
g;U`j; tiuapYk; gpwF f;U]: tpypUe;J ];J}y:
tiuapYkhd vy;yhtpjkhd fz;zhy; ghh;f;ff;$ba
nghUl;fSf;nfy;yhk; Fzg;Uj; gpujpepjpahfpwJ (Fzg;Uj; -
vy;yhg; nghUl;fisAk; jd;Dila Fzk; Nghyj;jhpg;gtd;)
my;yJ Fzg;Uj; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fsidj;ijAk;
Fwpf;fpwJ.
eph;Fz: (Kf;Fzf;fyg;gw;wtd;) Nthntd;why; ]j;a:
Gz;a: jh;k: fhy: [Pt: Mj;kh ]he;jp: Nghd;w cUtkpy;yhj
tiuaWf;f Kbahj nghUl;fisf; Fwpf;fpwJ.
( vii )j;t\;lh ];jtp\;lh (52 - 53)
tp];t&ghtpy; gpujpepjpj;tk; ngw;w mZ: g;U`j;
Nghd;wtw;wpd; kw;nwhU gjpg;G j;t\;l;lh> ];jtp\;lh.
(j;t\;l;lh - ngah;fs;> cUt mikg;Gfs; Kjyhdtw;iwg;
ghFghL nra;gtd;> ];jtp\;lh - kpfTk; nghpatd;)
(viii)cNge;jpu: thke: g;uhk;]{: mNkhj: (153 - 156)
,J tp];t&ghtpd; tsUk; xU epiy cNge;jpu:
ghypapd; Kd; thkdhff; Fiwe;J gpwF vy;iyfisf; fle;j
(mNkhj:) kpf caukhd (g;uhk;]{:) tp];t&gnkLg;gJ ,jpfhr
Guhzq;fspypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;l xU fUj;J.
(ix)itfhe: ]hkfha;e: (987 - 988)
NjLk; ghpkhzq;fspy; ,J xU tp];g&g: ,q;F
eLg;gFjpia miltjw;F xUth; thh;j;ijapd; nghUshf
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 52 -
epw;Fk; vy;yh epiyfisAk; fle;jhf Ntz;Lk; - Muk;g Nth;
Nghd;w nghUs;> xg;Gf;nfhs;sg;gl;l my;yJ Fwpf;fg;gl;l
nghUs;> ,Wjpapy; Fwpg;ghfj; njhptpf;Fk; my;yJ Nkk;gl;l
nghUs;.
,g;gbg;gl;l xU Kaw;rpapy; ehk; me;j thh;j;ijf;Fs;
NghfpNwhk;. thh;j;ijAld; NghfpNwhk;. thh;j;ijiaj;
jhz;bAk; NghfpNwhk;. ve;j epiyapYk; topiaj;jtw
tpLtJkpy;iy> fiwgLtJkpy;iy.
itfhe: jsuhky; Njhz;Lk; njhopyhspNghy; ntWkNd
G+kpj;jhapd; tapw;Wf;Fs; nry;fpwhh;.
]hkfhae: Nth thdntspf;Fs; xyp my;yJ ,irapd;
rQ;rhuj;jpy; CLWTfpwhh;.
,J ehk; Vw;fdNt ghh;j;j e;af;Nuhj: cJk;gu: tpd;
kw;nwhU Nfhzk;. ,Ue;jhYk;> ,jpYk; xU tpj;jpahrk;
,Uf;fpwJ. ]hjfiug; nghWj;jtiu itfhe: mtuJ
Kaw;rpfisf;Fwpf;Fk; vd;W nfhz;lhy; ]hkfhae:
mtuilAk; ntw;wpfisf;Fwpf;fpwJ. rhjidahshpd; Kaw;rp
fSf;Fk;> ntw;wpfSf;Fk; eLNt tp];t&g: jdJ vy;iyia
tFj;Jf; nfhz;LtpLfpwJ. rhjidfspd; tpfpjk;
rhjidahshpd; Kaw;rpfspd; Moj;ijAk;> jPtpuj;ijAk;
nghWj;J mikfpwJ. rhjfd; ,e;j topapy; njhlh;e;J nrd;W
nfhz;bUf;Fk; tiu> tp];t&g: rhjfDf;Fj; jd;id
czh;j;jpf;nfhz;NlapUf;fpwJ. vg;gb ,Ue;jhYk; ,e;j
eilKiwfSf;F Kbntd;gNj ,y;iy. rhjfhpd;; topapYk;>
,Wjp ,yf;fpYk; tp];t&g : vy;iyaw;wtuhfNt ,Uf;fpwhh;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 53 -
NkYk; itfhe: NjLjypy; ]hjfdpd; kpFe;j
ciog;igAk; ]hkfhae: mtuilAk; kfpo;r;rpiaAk;
tpsf;FfpwJ.
NtnuhU Nfhzj;jpy; ,e;j thh;j;ijfs; ke;jkhd
,Uz;l Moq;fspy;> cyfpay; NjLjy; cq;fisr;
rpiwapl;lhy; Md;kPfj; NjLjy; kfpo;r;rpfukhd nja;tPfj;jpd;
cr;rpia Nehf;fp cq;fisg; gwf;f itf;fpwJ.
X . tp];tk;
xU tl;lj;jpd; ikakhd gFjpahf Kjy; thh;j;ij
tp];tk; tpsq;FfpwJ. th]fh; mq;F epw;Fk; NghJ tp];t&gh
mq;fpUe;J ntspg;gl;Lg; guTfpwJ. vy;iy fhzhky;
KbfpwJ. mLj;j thh;j;ij tp\;Z: tp];tj;ijr; rhh;e;j
cUtkpy;yhj tphpthf;fNk ,e;j tp\;Z - CLUtpg; guTjiy
cUthf;FfpwJ. ,e;j tphpthf;fj;jhy; cUtj;ijAk; kw;w
tpsf;fq;fisAk; nfhLf;fpwJ. tp];tKk;> tp\;ZTk; xNu
ePNuhl;lkhf> tiuaWf;fg;glhj - tiuaWf;fg;gl;l tbtj;ij -
mz;lntspapy; fhyq;fhykhf Kbtpy;yhky; nfhLj;Jf;
nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wd.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 54 -
t\l;fhu :
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 55 -
4. t\l;fhu :
tp];tk; tp\;Z t\l;fhu: (1>2>3)
tp\;ZitaLj;Jj; Njhd;Wk; t\l;fhu: vd;fpw ,e;j
thh;j;ij xU Kuz;ghlhd rpwg;ghd thh;j;ij. ,Ue;jhYk;
Kf;fpakhd thh;j;ij. tp\;Z ]`];uehkhitg; ghuhazk;
nra;Ak; cgh]fUf;F kpfg;nghpa nghUs;nghjpe;jjhfTs;sJ.
‘Kuz;ghlhd rpwg;G’ vd;W Vd; nrhy;fpNwndd;why; ,J
my;yJ ,ijnahj;j thh;j;ij yypjh ]`];uehkhtpNyh> rpt
]`];uehkhtpNyh fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,q;F tp\;Z
]`];uehkhtpy; Kjy; 24 thh;j;ijfs; xU njhFg;ghfpd;wd.
24 thh;j;ijfs; nfhz;l ,e;jj; njhFg;gpy; >
G+jhj;kh> G+jhj;kh> gukhj;kh> mt;aa: GU\: ]h~p>
N~j;uf;Q: m~u: g;uhjhdGUN\];tu: GUN\hj;jk: // -
Mfpa 10 thh;j;ijfs; Mj;k ];t&gj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRfpd;wd.
,e;j khjphp xU re;jh;g;;gj;jpy; t\l;fhu: Kw;wpYk;
me;epauhf> jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;ltuhf> Vd; - Njitapd;wpj;
jiyapLgtuhff; $lj;Njhw;wkspf;fpwhh;. tp\;Z ]`];u
ehkhtpy; xU njhlh;mh;j;jj;ijf; fhz Kaw;rp nra;NthUf;F>
ahfj;jpd; MSikf;Fs;spUe;J te;j t\l;fhu: vd;fpw ,e;j
thh;j;ij> rpe;jidf;Ff; nfhQ;rk; Kuz;ghlhf
,Uf;ff;$Lk;. cz;ikapy; =guhrugl;lh; t\l;fhu: -Tf;F
,yf;fz tpjptpyf;fspj;J tpl;lJNghy;> Rygkhd eilapy;>
,e;j thpf;Ff; fPo;f;fz;lthW nghUs; nrhy;fpwhh;.
];Ntr;rh aha: tN] ]h;tk;
t\l;fhu: fNuhjp ]:
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 56 -
Mjprq;fuh; ,e;j thh;j;ijiag; gw;wp vd;d nrhy;fpwhh;
vd;gijf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;shkNyNa> guhrugl;lhpd; nkhop
ngah;g;ig ehd; Ghpe;J nfhz;Ltpl;ljhf vLj;Jf; nfhz;L>
,e;jr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; jlq;fypy;yhj mh;j;jj;ij -
mtNu vy;yhKk; (tp];tk;)
mth; vq;Fk; epiwe;jth; (tp\;Z)
mtUila ,dpikahd MSikf;Fs;jhd; vy;yhNk
,Uf;fpwJ. fle;jfhy> tUq;fhy> epfo;fhyq;fspd; jiytuhf
mth; ,Uf;fpwhh;. (G+j gt;a gtj;g;uG :)
vd;nwy;yhk; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. rpy ehl;fSf;F
Kd;Gjhd; me;j thh;j;ijiag; gw;wpa> mikjpahd Mo;e;j
rpe;jidapd; NghJ> mjDila Mokhd El;gkhd
cl;nghUs; vd;id kpfg; nghpa jpifg;Gf;Fk;> vOr;rpf;Fk;
Ml;gLj;jpaJ.
,g;NghJ ,e;j thh;j;ijiag; gw;wpg; Ngrg;GFKd;
Mjprq;fuh; ,ijg;gw;wp vd;d nrhy;fpwhh; vd;W ghh;g;Nghk;.
aJj;NjN]e mj;tNu t\l;f;hpaNj ]: t\l;fhu:
ahfj;jpy; ahUf;fhf ‘t\l;’ cr;rhpf;fg;gLfpwNjh mtNu
t\l;fhu: mLj;J mth; $Wfpwhh;:
t\l;fhuhjp ke;j;uhj;keh thNjthe; //
g;hPzajp ]: t\l;fhu:
mtNu t\l;fhu: kw;Wk; ,ju ke;jpuq;fspd; Mj;khthf
tpsq;fp me;j ke;jpuq;fSld; cwthLk; Njth;fis
kfpo;tpf;fpwhh;.
t\l;
,yf;fzhPjpahf ‘t\l;’ xU tpag;igf; Fwpf;Fk;
nrhy;. ,J gpuhh;j;jid topghl;bd;NghJ ,iwtidf;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 57 -
$g;gpl cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLk; xU thh;j;ij. ,iwtidf;
$g;gpl ,J gad;gLfpwJ. (md;thaj;j)
rJh;gp];r;r rJh;gp];r;r j;thg;ahk; gQ;rg;Nutr : /
`{aNj r Gdh;j;thg;ahk; ]Nk tp\;Z: g;u]PjJ /
M];uhtNajp rJu~pk; m];J];nus\l; rJu~uk; /
aN[jp j;t~uk; /Naa;[hkN` gQ;rh~uk; / j;t~;Nut\l; /
V\it ]g;jj] : g;u[hgjp :
af;[;NQ me;thaj;j //
ahfj;jpy; flTisf; $g;gpl ,e;j thh;j;ij
gad;gLfpwJ. ,e;j;uha t\l;> G+\;Nzt\;l; Nghd;witfspy;
,e;j khjphp cgNahfk; tUfpwJ. ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wik cUgpy;
,q;F me;jf; flTs; miof;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
je;j;u ]h];jpuj;jpy; mbf;fb cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLk;
,e;j thh;j;ij> cr;rhpf;fg;gLk;NghJ iffisj; jl;Ljy;>
tpuy;fisr; nrhLf;Fjy; (];Nghld;) Nghd;w irifshy;
topglj;jf;fjhf Mf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,q;F t\l;> nts\l;> m];j;uhagl;> `{k; Mfpa
thh;j;ijfs; mNefkhf xNukhjphpahdit. cr;rhpg;G> irif
nray; Mfpaitfspy; xd;W NghypUf;Fk; ,it ONOMATO
POEIC thh;j;ijfs; vd;W gFf;fg;gLfpd;wd. (xypapd;
mh;j;jj;ij efnyLg;gJNghy; Gjpa thh;j;ijfis
cUthf;Fjy;)
,g;gbahf> jd;Kd; Njhd;wr; nra;a> ,iwtidf;
$g;gpl cgh]fd; cgNahfg;gLj;Jk; t\l; my;yJ t\l;fhu
xU ke;jpuk;. ,e;j ke;jpuk; irifahfTk; cr;rhpg;ghfTk;
tbntLf;fpwJ. nghJtof;fpy; N`h! `ha; ! `Nyh!
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 58 -
Nghd;w thh;j;ijfis ,jw;fpizahfr; nrhy;yyhk;.
njd;dpe;jpa me;jzh;fs;> Ngh; njhpahj me;epaiu `hp: vd;W
$g;gpl;L kfpo;thh;fs;. ,jw;fpizahfj; nja;tPfj;jpy; t\l;
vd;gJ ,iwtid $g;gpLk; xU rkpf;iQr; nrhy;.
xUth; N`h? `ha;! vd;W $g;gpl;lhy; mijf;
Nfl;gtuJ ftdk; $g;gpl;lthpd;ghy; jpUk;GfpwJ. cgh]fh;
t\l; vd;W nrhy;Yk;NghJ> ,iwtdpd; ftdk; mth;ghy;
jpUk;GfpwJ. Guhjd fhyq;fspy; ekJ Kdpth;fs; ,iwtid
,e;j khjphp irifAld; $ba thh;j;ijfshy;jhd;
$tpaioj;jhh;fs;.
t\l;fhu :
Mifahy; tp\;Z ]`];uehkhitg; ghuhazk;
nra;gth; t\l;fhu: vd;W nrhd;dhy; ,iwtd; mth; Kd;
,Ug;ghh;. cgh]fh; t\l;fhu: vd;W nrhd;d khj;jpuj;jpy;
,iwtdpd; Njhw;wk; cldbahf cWjp nra;ag;gl;L tpLfpwJ.
Kdpth;fs; mtiu mg;gbj;jhd; $g;gpl;lhh;fs;. mth;
mth;fSf;F ,zq;fpdhh;. mNj Nghy; mth; ekf;Fk;
,zq;Fthh;.
‘U\pgp: ghpfPjhep jhep t~;ahkp G+jNa” /
tp\;ZTf;F mLj;j gbahf tUk;> vq;Fk; epiwe;j>
kpfg;nghpa cl;nghUisf; nfhz;l ,e;j thh;j;ijahy;
tiuaiwf;Fl;gLj;j Kbahj tp\;Z t\l;fhu: vd;W
nrhd;d khj;jpuj;jpy; Njhd;wptpLfpwhh;. vq;Fk; epiwe;j
tuhfTk;> vy;yhkhfTk; ,Uf;Fk; ,iwtidj; NjbaiyAk;
cgh]fh;> tp];tk; tp\;Zit Kjypy; jdf;F
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 59 -
mwpKfg;gLj;jp tpLtjhy; tp\;Z ]`];uehkj;jpy; t\l;fhu:
xU md;G kpf;fjhd kdkpsfpa Mj;kdpy; cgh]fidr;
re;jpf;fpwJ. cgh]fh; ntWkNd me;j thh;j;ijiar; nrhd;d
khj;jpuj;jpy; ,iwtDila jhprdj;ij cWjpnra;tjw;fhf
t\l;fhu: ,q;F epw;fpwJ. Mifahy;> tp\;Z ]`];uehkh
,iwtd;.
]h;tf;Q: ]h;gNjhKf: ]_yg: (821-823) vd;nwy;yhk;
nrhy;tij xU tPzhd cWjpnkhopahff; nfhs;s KbahJ.
tp\;Z ]`];uehkk; gythh;j;ijfshyhd Nfhh;it.
mjpy; xU rkpf;iQf;fhf clNd Ngrty;y xU thh;j;ijiaf;
nfhz;Ltu - xU xyp - mJ tpuy;fspd; nrhlf;fhff; $l
,Uf;fyhk; - xU thh;j;ij - mJ ke;jpukhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.
je;jpukhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk; - mJ ,iwtidNa $g;gpl;L
cgh]fdpd; Kd; nfhz;Lte;J epWj;jf;$ba cs;shh;e;j
juj;Jld; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. ,J Gjpa thh;j;ijg; gilg;gpy;
cah; mwpTj;jpwd;. ,q;F t\l;fhu: me;j khjphpahd xU Gjpa
thh;j;ij. ,e;j mwpTj;jpwDf;fhf ahiu ehk; ghuhl;l
Ntz;Lk;?
tpah]iuah? gP\;kiuah? tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhitah?
,e;j tp\;Z ]`];uehkk;> me;j gpugQ;r rf;jpapd; xl;L
nkhj;jkhd ,Wjpg;gad;. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkNk tp];tj;jpd;
eil. mjw;F Mrphpahpy;iy. mJ Rakhfj; Njhd;wpaJ
(];tak; G+)
me;j moF
tp\;ZTf;Fg;gpwF> t\l;fhu: vd;W cr;rhpj;jTld;
cgh]fh; Kd;Njhd;Wk; cUtk; vJ vd;W ahuhYk; A+fpf;f
KbahJ vd;fpw epiyapy;jhd; me;j moF kpsph;fpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 60 -
,g;nghOJ mJ cUtky;y> xU Njhw;wk;! tp\;Ztpd;
mUl;rf;jp (]he;epj;ak;). cgh]fhpd; Kfj;Jf;F Neuhfj;
Njhd;WfpwJ. ,J vy;NyhuhYk; xg;Gf;nfhs;sf; $ba xU
cyfshtpa Njhw;wk;.
xU ghlk;
cgh]fh; jd;Dila nrhe;jf; $Ljy; cWjpg;ghl;by;
epiy ngWtjw;fhf>
‘tp];tk; tp\;Z: t\l;fhu:
tp\;zNt t\l; t\l;fhu:
G+jgt;a gtj;g;uG” :
vd;nwy;yhk; $lg; ghuhazk; nra;ayhk;”.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 61 -
t;ah`;Ujpfs;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 62 -
5. t;ah`;Ujpfs;
t;ah`;Ujpfs; xt;nthU cgh]fuhYk; ]e;jpahte;jdk;
nra;Ak;NghJ nrhy;yg;gLk; ke;jpu thh;j;ijfs;. t;ah ;̀Ujpfs;
vd;why; thh;j;ijfs; - rpU\;bapd; NghJ gpuk;khthy;
cr;rhpf;fg;gl;l thh;j;ijfs;. rpU\;bapd;NghJ mirTfs;
(];ge;jd;) Vw;gl;L mit xypia cz;Lgz;Zfpd;wd.
mirTfSk;> xypAk; gphpf;fKbahjd. vdNt> rpU\;bapd;
NghJ xyp Vw;gLfpwJ. ,e;jf; fUj;ijNa rpwpJ Mo;e;J
rpe;jpj;jhy;> rpU\;bAk;> xypAk; xd;Wjhd; my;yJ
Nrh;e;jpUg;gitjhd; vd;W nrhy;yj; Njhd;Wk;. ,Wjpapy;
rpU\;b> thh;j;ijfshff; FWfp> ek;ik me;j
t;ah ;̀Ujpfisr; nrhy;yr;nra;fpwJ. VO t;ah ;̀Ujpfs;
tp];tj;ijr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ffpd;wd.
me;j Vopy; Kjy; %d;W - G+: G+t: ];t: -
k`ht;ah ;̀Ujpfs; vd;wiof;fg;gl;L cyfshtpa
VNjhnthU ntspg;ghlhf ,e;j KOg;gpugQ;rj;ijAk; my;yJ
tp];tj;ijAk; mZFfpwJ. vdNt trjpf;fhf> me;j
VOf;Fg;gjpyhf ,e;j %d;wpd; njhFjp kl;LNk RUf;fkhfg;
ngUk;ghYk; cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j
k`ht;ah ;̀Ujpfs; vz;zpylq;fhj> vy;iyaw;w
tpsf;fq;fisj; jd;dplj;Nj> nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. Mokhd
Nehf;fpy; mit ,Ue;jhYk; ghkuidf; Fog;gf; $bajhfTk;>
gpukpf;f itf;ff; $bajhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
ekJ jiyg;G> fpistpl;Lg;guTk; KO tpsf;fq;fSld;
$ba t;ah ;̀Ujpfisg; gw;wpay;yhky;> tp\;Z ]`];u
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 63 -
ehkhtpy; cs;s> t;ah`;Ujpfisg; gw;wpajhifahy;> ehk;
mg;gbg;gl;l xU kiwnghUs; vg;gb xU rhjhuz>
Kaw;rpahsdpd; mwpthw;wYf;Fs; vspikahfr; RUq;fpaJ
vd;gijg; ghh;g;Nghk;. ,q;F gP\;kh; ]hjfdpd; eilKiw
rhj;jpakhd cgNahfj;jpy; Fwpg;ghf mf;fiw fhl;Lfpwhh;.
tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhit ed;fwpe;jth;fl;Ff;$l>
Kiwahfg; ghuhazk; nra;gth;fSf;Fk; $l - G+: itf;
fz;Lgpbj;J> mjDila ,lj;jpy; mjid itj;J
mwpe;Jzh;tJ vd;gJ> Fwpghh;j;J ,yf;if Nehf;fpr;
RLtjw;nfhg;ghd nrayhFk;. xw;iw vOj;J thh;j;ijahf
,Ug;gjhy; mJ mt;tsT fbdkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. mjw;F xU
je;jpukhd FWf;F top ,Uf;fpwJ. G+: Tf;F cq;fSf;F
mh;j;jk; njhpaNtz;Lkh? mg;gbnad;why; mh;j;jj;jpypUe;J
Muk;gpAq;fs;! mh;j;j: meh;j;j k`hNfh]: vd;W nrhy;ypf;
nfhz;Nl Nghq;fs;. VohtJ ,lj;jpy; ePq;fs; rhpahf>
kiwe;jpUg;gjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLk; G+: vd;fpw thh;j;ijapy;
epw;gPh;fs;. mf;fiwapy;yhky;> ghuhazk; nra;Ak; ]hjfUf;F
thh;j;ijfspd; $l;Lf;Ftpayhfj; Njhw;wkspj;jhYk;
gP\;khpd; tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhtpd; nghUslf;fk;>
mbf;Nfhbl;L KiwgLj;jg;gl;ljhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Kjypy; G+:
jdpahfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. mLj;j Kiw tUk;NghJ mJ Gt:
itAk; cldioj;J tUfpwJ. %d;whk; Kiw tUk;NghJ Gt:
Tld; ]{t: itAk; $l;bf;nfhs;fpwJ.
1. meph;tp\;z: ];jtp\;l: G+: (436)
2. mehjp: G+: Gt: y~;kp: (940)
3. Vfhj;kh [d;kk;Uj;A [uhjpf:
G+: Gt: ]{t: jU: jhu: (965)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 64 -
,e;j ,lq;fspy; k`ht;ah ;̀Ujpfs; jdpj;jdpahfTk;
tpidr;nrhw;fspd; ntt;NtW tbtq;fshfTk;> jpul;Lf;-
fshfTk; KiwNa jk;ik ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wd. ,e;j
%d;W ,lq;fspYk; me;je;j t;ah ;̀Ujpfspd; cl;nghUs;fs;
mjw;fLj;j thh;j;ij> thh;j;ijfis tpsf;fpf; $Wk;
tifapy; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
G+: Tf;F mLj;jgbahf jh;kA+g: Tk;> Gt: itg; gpd;gw;wp
y~;kpAk; ]{t: itj; njhlh;e;J jU];jhu: Tk; tUtij
thrfh; ftdpf;fNtz;Lk;. ,g;gb ,e;j %d;W
t;ah ;̀UjpfSk; ,izAk;NghJ jh;kA+g: y~;kP: jU];jhu:
Mfpatw;Wf;F ,izahdit vd;W fUjyhk;. ,e;j
tpsq;fitf;Fk; thh;j;ijfis Cd;wpg; gapd;why;>
jh;k> fhkhh;j;j> Nkh~: my;yJ
jh;k f;[;Qhd ituhf;fpak; - gw;wpa
xU njhlh;r;rpahd jplkhd vz;z Xl;lk; kdj;jpy;
Njhd;Wk;. ,d;Dk; rpwpJ jPtpukhfg; gFj;jha;e;J rpe;jpj;jhy;>
]j;> rpj;> Mde;jk; gw;wpa
vz;zk; Njhd;Wk;> mij Muha;e;jhy; njspthd fUj;J
cjpf;Fk;.
jh;kA+g: kpfTk; cl;nghUs; nghjpe;j ,izg;gpilr; nrhy;.
A+g: ,e;j thh;j;ijapd; cz;ikahd fdj;ijj; jhq;FfpwJ.
A+g: vd;why; gjtp
xUth; jh;kk; vd;fpw gjtpapy; jk;ik epiyepWj;jpf;
nfhz;lhy; - xUth; cWjpahf jh;kj;jpd; topapy; ele;jhy;
mtUf;F y~;kp flhl;rk; fpl;LfpwJ. nry;tk; ngUFfpwJ.
Mjprq;fuh; y~;kpia Mj;ktpj;ah: mjhtJ
Mj;kidg;gw;wpa Qhdk; vd;W tpsf;Ffpwhh;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 65 -
ituhf;fpaj;ij Mjhukhff; nfhz;l ,e;j Qhdk;
Nkhl;rj;jpw;F top fhl;LfpwJ. (jU];jhu:) ,q;F jU: ]k;]hu
tpUl;rj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. (Ch;j;t%yk;> mj];]hfk;
m];tj;jk;) jhu: Tf;F Mjprq;fuiu kPz;Lk; Nkw;Nfhs;
fhl;bdhy;> mth; nrhy;fpwhh;.
‘]k;]hu ]hfuk; jhuad; jhu:”
vdNt jhu: vd;gJ> gpwtpg;ngUq;fliy ePe;jp gpwg;G>
,wg;Gr; Roypy; rpf;fhjpUg;gjw;fhd Qhdj;ijg; ngw;W
tpLjiy my;yJ Nkhl;rj;ijaila cjTtjhd nrhy;. ,g;gb
tp\;Z ]`];u ehkh jh;k> Qhd> ituhf;aj;jpw;fhd xUkpj;j
fUj;jhf k`ht;ah ;̀Ujpfis vspikahf;FfpwJ. kWgbAk;
mh;j;jk;> fhkk; Mfpatw;Wf;fhf y~;kpia vLj;Jf;
nfhz;lhy;> me;j t;ah`;Ujpfs;> GU\hh;j;jkhd jh;khh;j;j
fhk Nkhl;rj;jpw;Fr; rkkhfr; nrhy;yg;glyhk;.
t;ah ;̀UjpfspypUe;J Gwg;gLk; thh;j;ijfis
,JfhWk; ehk; ghh;j;Njhk;. ,g;nghOJ mitfSf;F
Kd;dhypUf;Fk; thh;j;ijfspy; ftdk; nrYj;JNthk.; kpfTk;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j thh;j;ijfshf t;ah ;̀Ujpfs;
,Ug;gjhy; mit mjw;fpizahd thh;j;ijfspD}Nl
,ilr;nrUfyhf itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mitfspd;
rpwg;igg; nghWj;jtiu mit Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;l> MjuTngw;w thh;j;ijfshf ,Uf;fpd;wd.
G+: Tf;F Kd;dhy; ];jtp\;l;l: Njhd;WfpwJ. ,q;Nf
mJ ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf tUfpwJ. ];jtp\;l;l: xU
,ul;il thh;j;ijapd; xU ghjp. kPjpg;ghjp j;t\;l;lh: gP\;kh;
Ntz;Lnkd;Nwjhd; ,ul;ilapd; xU ghjpia kl;Lk; ,q;Nf
itj;jpUf;fpwhh;. G+: Tf;F Kd;dhy; gP\;kh; ve;j vz;zj;ij
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 66 -
itf;f epidj;jhNuh> me;j vz;zk; KOikahf tpsq;f
Ntz;Lnkd;why;> ghuhazk; nra;gth; kPjpg;ghjpia ,q;F
nfhz;Lte;jhf Ntz;Lk;. ];jtp\;l;l: tpd; gphpf;f Kbahj
kPjpg;ghjp j;t\;l;lh: ,d;Dk; Kd;djhfNt>
tp];tfh;kh kE: j;t\;l;lh
];jtp\;l;l: ];jtpNuh j;Ut:
vd;fpw thpfspy; Njhd;WfpwJ. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhtpy;
vq;nfy;yhk; xU Kf;fpakhd fUj;J typAWj;jg;gLfpwNjh>
mq;nfy;yhk; gP\;kh; me;j KOik jOtpa - G+h;zj;tk; tha;e;j
thh;j;ijahd tp];tj;jpw;Fk; Ngha; mij me;je;j
jUzj;jpw;Fj; jf;fthW nfhz;Lte;JtpLthh;. me;j
tifapy; ,q;Nf tp];;tfh;kh tUfpwJ.
G+: vd;fpw me;j thh;j;ij gpwtp my;yJ [ddk;
vd;fpw nghUisj; jUfpwJ. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; Mjprq;fuh;
nrhy;fpwhh;. - m[e;kh mG+: mg;gbnad;why; tp];tk; vg;gb
,q;Nf te;jJ? ,e;j Nfs;tpf;F tpil nrhy;gth; Nghy> gP\;kh;
tp];tj;jpd; %yj;ijj; Njb>
tp];tfh;kh kE:
vd;W $Wfpwhh;.
kE : vd;why; rpe;jdh rf;jp
ke;ehj; kE : vd;fpwhh; Mjprq;fuh;.
,e;j KOg;gpugQ;rk; my;yJ tp];tk;>
Ez;zZ Kjy; KOg;gpugQ;rk; tiu
];jpukhdjpypUe;J MokhdJ tiu
j;t\;l;lh tpypUe;J ];jtp\;l;lh tiu
,iwtDila - tp];tfh;khtpDila - njs;sj; njspe;j
rpe;jdhrf;jp my;yJ kd]q;fy;gk; my;yJ ,iwtDila
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 67 -
rpe;jdhrf;jp kl;LNk vd;W tp];tfh;kh kE: $l;lhfr;
nrhy;fpwJ.
ek;ikr; Rw;wpAk;> ek;Ks;Sk; ,Uf;Fk; midj;JNk
,iwtdJ rpe;jdhrf;jpapd; tpisNt vd;fpw vz;zj;ij
xUtUs; nfhz;LtUtJ mtuJ Ghpe;Jnfhs;Sk; rf;jpf;Fs;
mlq;fhj tp\ak;. ,Ue;jhYk; rpy nghJthd
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; ,e;j tp\aj;ijg; Ghpaitf;f cjtyhk;.
Gj;jfk; vd;gJ vd;d? xU gilg;ghspapd; rpe;jid
Xl;lj;ij mr;rpy; tbg;gJ. rpy mwpTEl;gKs;s %is my;yJ
%isfspd; rpe;jdhrf;jp fhfpjj;jpy; mr;nrOj;jhf
cUntLf;fpwJ.
xU ehw;fhypia vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. xU jr;rhpd;
rpe;jdhrf;jp ehw;fhypahf cUntLf;fpwJ.
fhfpj;jpd; %yg;nghUshd gQ;R> kuj;J}s; my;yJ
fUk;Gr; rf;if> ehw;fhypapd; %yg;nghUshd kuk; Mfpait
,iwtDila j;t\;l;lh-tpDila rpe;jdhrf;jpapd;
gilg;GfNs. ,e;jf; fUj;ij ,Nj Nfhzj;jpy; tphpj;J>
ePl;bg;ghh;j;jhy;> ,e;j KOg;gpugQ;rKNk me;j ,iwtdhfpa
kE];j;t\;l;lh-tpd; rpe;jdh rf;;jpapd; tpisNt vd;fpw
vz;zj;jpw;F xUtiu ,Wjpahff; nfhz;L te;J
tpl;LtpLk;.
kPz;Lk; t;ah`;Ujpfis Nehf;fpg; gpd;Ndhf;fpr;
nrd;why; ];jtp\;l;lhit Kd;dpUj;jp tUk; G+: tp];tj;jpd;
%yj;jpw;F ek;ikf; $l;br; nrd;W mjd; Kbtw;w
epiyiaAk;> epue;juj;jd;ikiaAk; typAWj;JfpwJ-
];jtpNuhj;Ut: .
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 68 -
,q;F G+: nrhw;gpwg;gpaypy;> Njhw;wk;> tsh;r;rp> ,Ug;G
Muk;gk; vd;nwy;yhk; nghUs; jUfpwJ vd;fpw tp\aj;ijf;
ftdpg;gJ nghUj;jkhdJ. vdNt tp\;Z ]`];uehkh
G+: tpd; nrhw;gpwg;gpaiy fz;bg;ghff; ftdpj;J rpU\;bapd;
Muk;gj;ij tpthpf;fpwJ. ,JNghyNt mehjp: Ak;> [d;k
k;Uj;A [uhjpfh: Tk; KiwNa Gt: ]{t: Mfpa ,uz;L
t;ah ;̀UjpfSf;Fk; Kd;dhy; Njhd;wp g;u`;kdpd;
fhyj;Njhw;wj;ij mNj Ntfj;jpy; tpsf;fkhf tpthpf;fpwJ.
Gt:-Tf;F Kd;dhy; ,Uf;Fk; mehjp: g;u`;kDf;F Muk;gk;
,y;iynad;Wk;> ]{t: Tf;F Kd;dhypUf;Fk; [d;k k;Uj;A
[uhjpf: g;u`;kDf;Fg; gpwg;Ngh> ,wg;Ngh> mopNth fpilahJ
vd;gijAk; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf; $WfpwJ. ,g;gbahf
t;ah ;̀UjpfSf;F Kd;Dk;> gpd;Dk;; tUk; thh;j;ijfs;
KiwNa ,UNtW Njhw;wj;jpy;> Ke;ijaJ Neuk; kw;Wk;
g;u`;kdpd; epiyahd Njhw;wj;ijAk;> gpe;ijaJ jh;kj;jpd;
Njhw;wj;ijAk;> mNj vz;zj;jpd; jhf;fj;ijAk; tpthpf;fpwJ.
,dp tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; k`: [e: jg: ]j;ak;
Mfpa kPjkpUf;Fk; t;ah ;̀Ujpfspd; ,lj;ijg; gw;wpg;
ghh;g;Nghk;.
k`:
tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; k`j;Jf;F Kd;dhypUf;Fk;
thh;j;ijfis ehk; Njb vLf;f Kbe;jhy; NghJk;- g;u`;kdpd;
k`j; my;yJ Mok; my;yJ ngUikia kpfTk; Rygkhf>
KOikahfg; Ghpe;J nfhz;L tplyhk;. ,JNghy 44
thh;j;ijfs; tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; cs;sd.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 69 -
mjPe;j;hpNah k`hkhNah
kN`hj; ]hN`h……….. k`hj;Ajp: kw;Wk;
k`hf;uNkh k`hfh;k:......... kN`huf:
Nghd;w rpy thh;j;ijfs; kfpo;r;rpfukhd ehjkhf
xypf;fpd;wd. k`hNfh]: k`hNghf: k`hje: Nghd;wit
jdpj; njhFjpahfTk;> k`h];te: k`hh;̀ : k`he; Nghd;w
rpy thh;j;ijfs; jdpj;jdpahfTk; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. tp\;Z
]`];uehkh xU xOq;fhd> ehfhpfkhd Kiwapy; jd;id
ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJld; mjDila eil xU
$l;Lf;fyitahf ,y;yhky; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhf
,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij Nkw;nrhd;d $w;Wf;fs; ep&gpf;fpd;wd-
ep&gzk; cq;fSf;Fj; Njitg;gl;lhy;>
k`h];te:
tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhtpd; Kjy; ‘k`h” Nrh;e;j
thh;j;ijia ,q;F ehk; ghh;f;fpNwhk;. k`h];te: vd;why;
kpfg;nghpa rg;jk;. (k`ht;ah ;̀Ujp - k`he; G+[pj: ];te: ehj:)
vdNt> tp\;Z ]`];uehkk; nghpa tp\aq;fisg;
gl;baypLk;NghJ> mtw;wpDila njhd;ikiaAk;> Kf;fpaj;
Jtj;ijAk; fUjp> k`ht;ah ;̀UjpfSf;F mJ Kd;Dhpik
nfhLf;fpwJ. Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> tp];tk; vd;Dk; njhd;ikapYk;>
Vw;fdNt ehk; Muk;gj;jpy; ,Jtp\akhf tpthpj;jgbf;F>
,it ];U\;biaf; Fwpf;Fk; Kjy; rg;jq;fspYk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
Kjypy; te;jtDf;F Kjypy; gilf;fpw epajp tp\;Z
]`];uehkhtpYk; filg;gpbf;fg;gLfpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 70 -
k`h];te: kpfg;nghpa thh;j;ijahf tpsf;fg;gl
mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUf;FNkahdhy; thh;j;ijfisAk;> ngah;
fisAk; jtpu Ntnwhd;WNk ,y;yhj tp\;Z ]`];uehkh>
jd;Dila cah;itj;jhNd ngUik ahf;fpf;nfhz;L>
cWjpahf;fpf;nfhs;fpwJ vd;Wjhd; nghUs;. jdp
epiyj;njhluhf tUk; tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhtpy;> ,J
jd;idg; gw;wpa ngUikiag; NgRk; my;yJ mfk;ghtj;ijf;
(kd;dpf;fTk;) fhl;Lk; xU re;jh;g;gk;. ,ay;ghd> mopahj
me;j cs;Szh;Tf;F tp\;Z ]`];u ehkh tpjp tpyf;fy;y!
tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhtpd; gf;jh;fSf;F ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ehd;
xd;iwr; nrhy;ypf;nfhs;s tpUk;GfpNwd;. tp\;Z ]`];u
ehkhit Rajk;gl;lk; vd;W Kj;jpiu Fj;jptplhjPh;fs;. ‘ehd;’
vd;Dk; jd;ikapd; Jhz;Ljy; ,aw;ifahdJ> Nkd;ikia
cWjpahff; $wty;y jd;ikAs;sJ vd;fpw cz;ikia
tp\;Z ]`];u ehkh mq;fPfhpf;fpwJ.
k`h jgh:
k`j;ij ,izj;Jf; nfhz;L ]`];uehkhtpy;
,uz;lhtjhfj; Njhd;Wk; thh;j;ij k`hjgh: (123)
k`h];t-ehtpd; my;yJ k`ht;ah ;̀Ujpapd;> ,ay;ghd
tpisthfNth my;yJ> Muk;gj;jpNyNa Njhd;wpa gpuk;kh
nra;j jg]pd; (Mo;e;j rpe;jidapd;) tpisthNth ,J
fUjg;glNtz;Lk;. Mifahy;> ,J k`h];teh-Tf;;F mLj;j
thh;j;ijahfj;jhd; ,Ue;jhf Ntz;Lk;. xU nraypd;
tpisitAk;> vjph; tpisitAk; ,e;j ,uz;L thh;j;ijfSk;
NgRtjhy; mit cz;ikj;jd;ikajhfp k`j; thh;j;ij
fSf;F eLNt jdpj; jd;ikajha; epw;fpd;wd.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 71 -
k`hkha:
k`hkha: vd;W nrhy;YKd; gP\;kh; k`j;Jf;F
,yf;fzk; tFg;gjhy;> k`j; thh;j;ijfSf;fpilNaahd
cz;ikahd gphpT k`hkhahtpy;jhd; Muk;gpf;fpwJ. k`j;
thh;j;ijfs; Nfhh;f;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; khiyapd; Kjy; Kj;jhf
k`hkhah ,Uf;fpwJ.
‘k`hkhNah kN`hj;]hN`h k`hgy: k`hGj;jp:
k`htPh;a: k`hrf;jp: k`hj;Ajp: “ (172)
,q;F k`j; thh;j;ijfisf; Nfhh;f;FKd; gP\;kh;
mjPe;j;hpNah vd;W $Wfpwhh;. ,J k`j;jpd; Urpfukhd
njs;sj;njspthd tpsf;fk;. Gyd;fspd; gpbf;Fs; rpf;fhjJ
vJthapDk; mJ k`j; vdg;gLfpwJ. ve;j mfuhjpapd;
njhFg;ghsUk; ,ijtplr;rpwe;j nghUis k`j;Jf;F
mspf;f KbahJ. k`j;ijg; gw;wpa xU KOikahd tpsf;fk;>
Nfhh;f;fg;gl;l me;j k`j; khiyapd; cs;Sk; GwKk;
Gije;jpUf;fpd;wJ. mjpy; Kjy; kzp k`hkha: ,iwtdpd;
k`j; Fzq;fSs; k`j; thpirapy; Kjyplj;ijg;
gpbj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ. ,q;F Mjprq;fuUila thh;j;ijfs;
eWf;Fj; njwpj;jhw;Nghy mike;J tpl;bUf;fpd;wd.
‘khahtpehk; mgpkhahfhhpj;thj; k`hkha:” /
khahtpfSs; kpfg;nghpa khahtpahk; ,iwtd;.
kWgbAk; NtNwhhplj;jpy; Mjprq;fuh; k`hfh;j;j: it
tpsf;Fk;NghJ>
‘fh;j;jtj; m];akhah> k`jP Juj;aNajp “/ vd;fpwhh;.
vg;gb ,iwtd; Gyd;fSf;nfy;yhk; mg;ghw;gl;lth; vd;gJ
fPNo tptukhfr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 72 -
1. mth; fhJfspd; Nfl;Fk; jpwDf;F mg;ghw;gl;lth; -
k`h];te: /
2. mth; jtepiyapd; vy;iyfl;fg;ghw;gl;lth;-
k`hjgh: /
3. mth; ehf;fpd; Rit Efh;r;rpf;fg;ghw;gl;lth; -
khjNthkJ: mjPe;j;hpa: /
4. mth; fz;Zf;Fg;Gydhfhj gFjpapypUg;gth; -
k`hj;Ajp: /
5. mth; mwpTj;jpwdpd; MSiff;F mg;ghw;gl;lth; -
k`hGj;jp: /
6. mth; kdpjj;jpwd;> tPhpak;> rf;jp Mfpatw;wpd;
vy;iyfisf; fle;J epw;gth; -
k`hgy: k`htPh;a: k`h]f;jp: /
7. mth; njhopy; Jiwapd; epGzj;Jtj;jpw;F
mg;ghw;gl;lth; - kN`hj;]h`: /
,g;gbahff; Nfhh;f;fg;gl;l midj;J kzpfSlDk;
fphPlkhf tpsq;Fk; Kj;jhd meph;Nj];a tG:-TlDk;
Kbag;gl;l me;j `huk;> ,iwtd; vy;yhtpjkhd ngsjpfg;
ghh;itfSf;Fk;> kdk; nrhy;Yk; tpahf;ahdq;fSf;Fk;
mg;ghw;gl;lth; vd;gijr;; nrhy;yhky; nrhy;yp epw;fpwJ.
vg;gbahapDk; ,e;j `huj;jpd; gjf;fk; =khd; mNkahj;kh.
,e;j mNkahj;kh mjPe;j;hpa:tpd; ,d;ndhUtbtk;> xUf;fhy;
,d;Dk; tPh;akhdNjh?
(meph;Nj];a tG: -Tk; mNkahj;kh- Tk; ,e;jg;gphptpd;
,Wjpapy; tUk;NghJ mJ mjPe;j;hpa: tpd; gFg;gha;T
tpsf;fj;ijj; jtpu Ntwpy;iy vd;gij ehk; ftdpf;f
Kbe;jhy; mJ tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpd; ngUikf;Fg;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 73 -
ngUik Nrh;f;Fk; tpjkhf mikAk;. ,iwtd;.
gQ;Nre;jphpaq;fl;F mg;ghw;gl;lth; vd;W meph;Nj];a tG:
nrhy;fpwJ. mJkl;Lky;y Gj;jp kdk; vd;fpw Qhdj;Jf;Fk;
mg;ghw;gl;lth; vd;W mNkahj;kh nrhy;fpwJ.)
Mjprq;fuhpd; thh;j;ijfspy;;>
mNka Mj;kh Gj;jp: a];a ]` mNkahj;kh /
mth; Moq;fhz Kbahj mwpTj;jpwd; gilj;jth;. Mokw;w
xU rpW fg;gyhf tpsq;Fk; kdpjDila mwpT me;j
,iwtDila mwpTf;flypy; nrYj;Jtjw;F cfe;jjhf
,y;iy. ,g;gbg;gl;l xU kWg;Gf; Nfhl;ghl;bdpilNa> me;j
mwpitg;ngw tpUk;Ggtd; kdr;Nrhh;T mile;Jtplhky;
,Ug;gjw;fhf> mtdJ Fiwfisf;Fiwf;f ‘=khd;” mq;Nf
,Uf;fpwhh;. neUq;fKbahjtuhfTk;> ek;khy; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s
KbahjtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhYk; ,iwtd; xU ntw;wplk; my;y.
ey;ytuhfTk;> Gfo;kpf;ftuhfTk; mth; tpsq;Ffpwhh;.
‘<];th;a y~zh ]kf;uh ];hPh;a];a ]: ];hPkhd;”/
vd;fpwhh; Mjprq;fuh;. ,q;F ]kf;uh vd;fpw thh;j;ij kWg;Gf;
Nfhl;ghl;bd; kUl;rpia G+uzkhfmopj;J tpLfpwJ vd;gijf;
ftdpAq;fs;.
k`he;
,Jtiuapy; k`j;Jld; Nrh;e;J te;j vy;yh
milnkhopfisAk; jtph;j;Jtpl;L> filrpjlitahf
k`j;Njhd;Wk;NghJ k`he; (845) Mfj;jdpahfj; Njhd;Wk;
moFjhd; tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpd; Kiwahd mofhFk;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 74 -
mZ: g;U`jf;U]: ];J}y:
Fzg;Uj; eph;f;Fz: k`he; /
,dp mJ vijAk; rhh;e;jpUf;f tpy;iy. Vndd;why; mth;
jhdhfNt cah;e;jth;; ,iwtidg; ngUikg;gLj;J
tjw;fhfTk;> mtUila cah;it ];jhgpg;gjw;fhfTk;> mth;>
cz;ikapy; vg;gb k`hehfpwhh; vd;gij tpthpg;gjw;fhfTNk>
,ju milnkhopthh;j;ijfs; ,Ugf;fKk; mtUf;Fg;
gf;fgykhf epd;wd.
mZh;g;U`j; f;U]: ];J}y: Fzg;Uj;> eph;f;Fz:
Mfpa thh;j;ijfs; k`hepd; ,lJGwKk; mj;Uj: ];tj;Uj:
];th];a:... NahfP Mfpa thh;j;ijfs; tyJ gf;fj;jpYk;
,iwtid kpf cauj;jpy; J}f;fp epWj;Jfpd;wd. ,e;j k`he;
vd;fpw thh;j;ijf;Fg; gpwF k`j; vd;fpw ghh;itapy;
]`];uehkh fUj;J}d;wtpy;iy.
,q;F Mjprq;fuhpd; Nkw;Nfhisf; ftdpg;gJ
Urpfukhd tp\ak;. meq;f: m]g;j: m]hPu: m];gh;]];r;r
k`he;]{rp: vd;Dk; thpfs;
mjPe;j;hpa: meph;Nj];a tG:- tpd; Kf;fpaj;;Jtj;Jld;
xj;Jg;NghfpwJ. Vw;fdNt $wpagb mtw;wpD}Nl k`j;jpd;
Kjy;gphpT nghjpe;jpUf;fpwJ. ,q;F ]{rp: Kd;Ng nrhd;d
=khepd; kw;nwhU gFjpjhd;.
[e:
[e[haNj vd;fpw NthpypUe;J te;jJ [e: vd;Dk;
thh;j;ij. [e: vd;fpw ,e;j t;ah`;UjpAld; tp\;Z
];̀ ];uehkhtpy; cwthLk; ,juthh;j;ijfs; [eNeh
[e[e;khjp: (946 - 47)> nfhQ;rk; J}uj;J cwtpdh;fshf
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 75 -
[ehh;je: [Ne];tu: / ehk; ghh;f;Fk; Kjy; ,uz;L
thh;j;ijfshd [ee: [e[e;khjp: Mfp ,uz;Lk;
,iwtidNa ];U\;bfh;j;jh ([ee:) vd;Wk; mtiuNa vy;yhg;
gilg;GfSf;Fk; %yf;fhuzk; ([e [e;khjp:) vd;Wk;
nrhy;fpd;wd. Ke;ija t;ah`;Ujpahd k`: tpd; k`j;
jd;ikia ,e;j t;ah ;̀UjpapYs;s fUj;J cWjp nra;tJld;
gf;jdpd; ftdj;ijAk; <h;j;J> me;j thh;j;ijfspDs;Sk;>
thh;j;ijfisr; Rw;wpAk;> ,iwtdpd; ];U\;biag; ghh;f;f
itj;J tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpYs;s gPk: gPk guhf;uk: vd;fpw
thh;j;ijfshy; mtdJ kfj;Jtj;ijAKzh;e;J njspT ngw
itf;fpwJ. ([eNeh [e [e;khjp : gPNkh gPk guhf;uk: 1)
jg :
t;ah ;̀Ujpfspy; jg: tpd; Kf;;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk;;>
mjDila cl;nghUisf; Nfhh;itahfj; jUk;> tp\;Z
]`];u ehkhtpd; cjtpay;yhky;> mjd; nraw;fhuzj;ijAk;
tpsf;FtJ vd;gJ rpukkhd fhhpak;.
tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; jg : k`hjgh : (123) MfTk;
]{jgh : (198) MfTk; Njhd;WfpwJ. k`hjgh : jdf;F
Kd;dhy; tUk; tuhNuh` :- Tld; neUf;fkhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Ngha;r; Nrh;e;Jtpl;lhy; kWgbAk; jpUk;gp tu Kbahj
‘me;j ,lj;ij” vg;gb miltJ vd;gjw;fhd topKiwfis
my;yJ ]hjid Kiwfis mJ tpthpf;fpwJ. fLikahd
jtj;jpdhy; (k`hjgh:) my;yJ jPtpu Kaw;rpfs; vd;Wk;
nrhy;yyhk; - kpf cauj;jpYs;s tuhNuh`: vl;lg;gLfpwJ.
(aj; fj;th e epth;j;je;Nj) (me;j ,iwtNd$l me;j
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 76 -
cah;e;j epiyia fLe;jtj;jpdhy;jhd; mile;jhuhk;.
gj;hPfh];uNk euehuhaz &gNzN]hgek; jg :rujPjp ]{jgh
- Mjp rq;fuh;.)
ek; ifapypUf;Fk; ,e;jr; nray;Nehf;fj;jpw;f;fhf
]_jgh: vd;fpw thh;j;ijapd; Nky; ekJ ftdj;ijr; nrYj;j
Ntz;Lk;.
‘]{gh;z : G[Nfhj;jk : `puz;aehg : ]{jgh :”
gj;kehg : g;u[hgjp Mfpa thh;j;ijfspD}Nl ]{jgh:
Njhd;WfpwJ.
MjpehuhazDila> ehgp fkyj;jpy; gpuk;kh tPw;wpUe;J
Muk;gj;jpy; jtj;jpy; %o;fp vg;gb ];U\;biaj; njhlq;FtJ
vd;gJ gw;wpa Mo;e;j jpahdj;jpy; yapj;jpUe;jjhf ,q;F
gP\;kh; rpj;jhpf;fpwhh;. (g;u[hgjp : k`j; ];U[;a tp\ak; jNgh
[;Qhdk; m];Najp k`hjgh : - Mjprq;fuh;)
g;u`;kz;a : g;u`;kf;Uj;> g;uh`;kzg;hpa (667)
vd;W tp\;Z ]`];uehkh g;u ;̀kepiyia tp];jhukhfr;
nrhy;Ykplj;jpy;> gpuk;khtpd; jpahdk; vijg;gw;wpaJ vd;gJ
tpsq;FfpwJ. ,e;j g;u`;kj; jpul;bd; Kbtpy; k`hf;uk: >
k`hfh;kh Mfpa nghUs; nghjpe;j thh;j;ijfs; gpuk;khtpd;
jtj;jpd; cr;repiyia tpthpf;fpd;wd. Mo;e;j jpahdr;
rpe;jidf;Fg; gpwF (]{jg) ve;j khjphp ve;j topapy;> ve;j
f;ukj;jpy; (k`hf;uk:) me;j kpfg;nghpa fhhpakhfpa
(k`hfh;kh) ];U\;bia Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw
KbTf;F tUfpwhh;. Mifahy; gpugQ;r Vw;ghlhd gQ;r
G+jq;fs; mtw;wpdpilNaahd rk;ge;jk; ,uT-gfy;> Rf-Jf;fk;>
rQ;rykdk; - cWjpahd jhd; vDk; mfk;ghtk; vd;fpw
gytifahd mwpaKbahj gpugQ;r epajp kw;Wk; mikg;gpd;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 77 -
,ul;ilfs; Nghd;wtw;iw> cgh]fhpd; jpahd Gj;jpf;F
t;ah ;̀UjpapYs;s jgh : kpd;dy; fPw;whfj; njhptpj;J
tpLfpwJ.
tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; k`hfh;kh-,e;jpufh;kh>
k`hfh;kh> f;Ujfh;kh> f;Ujhfk cj;gt: (792) vd;fpw
thpirapy; kPz;Lk; Njhd;Wk;NghJ ,e;j vy;yhf;
Nfhzq;fSk; Ngrg;gLfpd;wd.
]j;ak;
,e;j thh;j;ij gy ,lq;fspy; - Fwpg;ghfr; nrhy;t
njd;why; xd;gJ jlitfs; Njhd;WfpwJ. Kjy; jlit
]`];uehkhtpy; Njhd;WtJ> gpwF milnkhop VJkpy;yhky;
jdpahf tUtJ - Nghd;w ,lq;fis kl;Lk; ehk; ftdpg;Nghk;.
me;j khjphp ,lq;fspy;>
t]{: t]{keh : ]j;a : (106) Tk; xd;W. mLj;J tUk;
,lq;fspy;> gf;fq;fspYs;s my;yJ cld;NrUk; thh;j;ij
fshy; mJ rpwg;Gj; jFjpiag; ngWfpwJ.
]j;a : ]j;a guhf;uk :
]j;a : ]j;a jh;k guhf;uk :
]j;a : ]j;a jh;k guhaz :
,d;dgpw thh;j;ijfs; Njhd;Wk; ,ju ,lq;fspy;>
]j;a: tpidr;nrhy;ypd; ntt;NtW tbtq;fshy; epug;gg;gl;l
thh;j;ijfspdhy; gyk; ngWfpwJ. ,iwtDila kd
]q;fy;gj;jpd; tpisthd ];U\;bAld; njhlh;Gila
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 78 -
t;ah ;̀UjpAld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l ]j;a: itg; gw;wpr; rpe;jpg;gjpy;
ekJ Kaw;rp ,Ug;gjhYk;> t]{ke: Tld; ,q;F ]j;a:
,ize;jpUg;gij ehk; ghh;g;gjhYk;> me;jr; nrhy;iyg; gw;wpf;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f Kiwapy; tpsq;f itf;ff;$ba rhpahd
Kiwahd ,lk; ,Jthfj;jhd; ,Uf;f KbAk; vd;W ehd;
epidf;fpNwd;.
‘t]{: t]{k eh: (]j;a:) ]khj;kh ]k;kpj: ]k” .
vd;W ]j;a: ,e;j ,lj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy; ehk; mijg;
gy Nfhzq;fspy; ghh;f;f Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. Mdhy;
Xhplj;jpy; kl;Lk; epd;W ]j;a: it ed;F jhprdk; nra;Jtpl;L>
,e;j kpfg;nghpa tp\ak; gw;wpa ,e;j mj;jpahaj;ij Kbj;Jf;
nfhs;syhk; vd;W ,Uf;fpNwd;. t]{: t]{ke: ]j;a: Mfpa
thh;j;ijfspD}Nl kl;Lk; vd; ghh;itiar; nrYj;jptpl;L>
mj;Jld; epWj;jpf; nfhz;L tpLfpNwd;.
t]{ke: ]j;a: - kpfg;nghpa rpe;jid my;yJ
cz;ikahd Mj;krpe;jid vd;gJ tha;ikNaahFk;. xU
nraypd; jPh;khdpf;Fk; fhuzp> me;jr; nraypd; gpd;dzpapy;
,Uf;Fk; ekJ vz;zj;ijg; nghWj;jJjhNdnahopa> ehk;
nra;Ak; nraypd; tpisitg; nghWj;jjy;y. J}f;Fj;
jz;lidia epiwNtw;wpj; jUk; xU muR Copadpd;
nraYk;> xU nfhiyahspapd; nraYk; xd;NwNghy;
Njhd;wpdhYk; Kd;dtd; Mw;WtJ flik gpd;dtd;
nra;tJ nfhiy. Vdpe;j Kuz;gl;l(!?) KbT ? Vndd;why;
nra;Ak; nraypd; Nehf;fk; ,uz;bYk; NtWgLfpwJ. ehd;
vOjpa Gj;jfj;jpypUe;Nj Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;bdhy; xU
kUj;Jthpd; CrpAk;> mWit rpfpr;irf;fhd
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 79 -
cgfuzq;fSk; Nehahspf;Ff; nfh^ukhdjhfNt
Njhd;wpdhYk; mtuJ Nehf;fk; Nehahspiaj;
Jd;GWj;Jtjy;y. Fzg;gLj;JtJ jhd;. xU nraypd; fhl;rp
Qhdpf;Fk;> mQ;Qhdpf;Fk; xNu khjphpjhd;
fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,Ue;jhYk; Kw;WKzh;e;j Qhdp
fhz;gpf;fg;gLk; me;jf; fhl;rpapd; gpd;dzpapy; vq;Fk;
epiwe;jpUf;Fk; Mj;kidj; jhprpf;fpwhh;. mQ;QhdpNah
nraiy kl;Lk; ghh;f;fpwhd;. Qhdp jdJ QhdjpU\;bahy;
cz;ikiaNa ghh;f;fpwhh;. mQ;Qhdp NknyOe;jthhpahfj;
njhpAk; cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghdtw;iw kl;LNk fhz;fpwhd;.
,g;gb xt;nthU tp\aj;jpYk; nra;iff;Fg; gpd;dzpapy;
,aq;Fk; vz;zj;jpd; rf;jpNa nra;ifapd; jd;ikia
eph;zapf;fpwJ. (,Nj vz;zj;ij NkYk; tphpthf
Muha;e;jhy; Neh;ikAs;s Mo;e;j rpe;jidahd t]{keh: Nt
]j;ak; vd;fpw ntw;wpapd; jpwTNfhy; vd;W nrhy;yj;
Njhd;WfpwJ.)
KbTiuiaj; njhFj;Jr; nrhy;tjhdhy; ]j;a: jhd;
t;ah ;̀UjpfSs; filrp. mNj Neuj;jpy; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk;
filrp thh;j;ijahfTk; mJ ,Uf;f Neh;e;JtpLfpwJ.
vy;yhtw;iwAk; gw;wpa filrp thh;j;ijahf t]{keh: tpy;
,Uf;Fk; jj;Jt tpsf;fkhf ]j;a: mike;J tpl;bUf;fpwJ.
vy;yhNk ,iwtDila ]q;fy;gj;jpd; xl;L nkhj;j tpisT
(t]{keh:). ehk; ghh;f;Fk; vy;yhKk; ,iwtDila
tbtikg;gpd; tpisNt vd;gJ jhd; ,Wjpahd
cz;ikahFk; (]j;ah: ).
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 80 -
,Wjpahf> Muk;gpj;j ,lj;jpw;Nf ehk; jpUk;gTk; Ngha;>
];U\;bapd; %yj;ijNa jhprpj;J tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpd;
thh;j;ijfis epidTf;Ff; nfhz;L te;J ]j;ak; fPo;f;fz;l
thh;j;ijfspy;jhd; nghUl;nrwpTld; tYg;gLj;jg;
gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;fpw KbTf;F tuyhk;.
‘tp];tfh;kh kE : j;t\;l;lh ];jtp\;l ];jtpNuhj;Ut : “
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 81 -
tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy;
gfthdpd; mtjhuq;fs;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 82 -
6. tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy;
gfthdpd; mtjhuq;fs;
tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; tputpf;fplf;Fk;> ehk; Nrfhpf;f
Ntz;ba tp\aq;fspy;> gfthdpd; mtjhuq;fisg; gw;wpa
fUg;nghUs;> KOikahdjhfTk;> mNj Neuj;jpy; kpfTk;
RitAs;sjhfTk;> vspjpy; tpsq;f itf;ff; $bajhfTk;
,Uf;fpwJ.
]k;gNth ghtNeh gh;j;jh - g;ugt: g;uGhP];tu:
];tak;G+: ]k;Guhjpj;a: (31 - 39)
g;ugt: vd;Dk; thh;j;ijahy; ]`];uehkhtpy; mtjhuq;fs;
Ngrg;gLfpd;wd. Vndd;why; vy;yhk; ty;y me;j kpfg;nghpa
flTs; g;uG: <];tu: g;ugt: thf kf;fspilNa gpwf;Fk;gbf;Fj;
jd;id tbtikj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhh;. gpwg;Ng ,y;yhjth;> gpwtp
vLj;jhy; mth; kpfr;rpwe;j jd;dpr;irahy; gpwg;ngLf;Fk;
g;ugt: Mfpwhh;.
‘]k;gthkp Vtk; fh;g;g J‡f tpth;[pj:”
vd;W ,J rk;ge;jkhf Mjprq;fuh; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;bagbf;F>
gfthd; fh;g;gth]k; nra;ahky; gpwtp vLg;gjhy; ,J
mrhjhuzg; gpwtp vdg;gLfpwJ. mtjhuj;jpd; fhuzk;
]k;gt : vd;fpw thh;j;ijahy; Rl;bf; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
‘jh;k ]k;]; jhg ehh;j;jha ]k;gthkp ANf ANf” /
mtjhuj;jpd; Nehf;fk;> fh;ktpidapd; ew;gad;fis
tpepNahfpg;gjw;Fk; (]h;Nt\hk; Nghf;j;Uzhk; gyhep
ghtajPjp) jh;kj;ij epiy epWj;Jtjw;fhfTk;jhd; (gh;j;jh)
vd;gij ghte: vd;fpw me;j thh;j;ij Nrh;j;Jr; nrhy;fpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 83 -
];tak;G+: ]k;G+:
];tak;G+: vd;fpw thh;j;ij mtjhuk; ,iwtdhNyNa
,iwtDf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ vd;gijr; nrhy;fpwJ. mth;
jhdhfg; gpwe;jth;: jd;Dila nrhe;j tpUg;gj;jpd;Nghpy; mth;
gpwtpnaLf;fpwhh;. JaUWk; gf;jh;fisg; ghJfhj;J
u~pf;fpwhh;.
‘]k;G+: - ]k; ]{fk; gf;jhdhk; ghtajPjp - Mjprq;fuh;.
]k;G+: f;Fg; gpwF tUk; Mjpj;a: vd;fpw thh;j;ij G+kpf;Fr;
R+hpadhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikiar; nrhy;tjw;fhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
NkYk; ];tak;G+: Tf;F Mjpj;a: ghh;it njhlh;ghd
GyDzh;itf; nfhLf;fpwJ. fPo;thdj;jpy; cjaR+hpad; ve;j
tpjkhd MjhuKk; ,y;yhky; epd;W gpwhpd; J}z;Ljypy;yhky;
];tak;G+: Tf;F xU rpj;jpug; ghh;itiaf; nfhLf;fpwJ.
mtjhuq;fs;
]`];uehkhtpy; tUk; mtjhuq;fisj; jdpj;
jdpahff; ftdpj;jhy; ]`];uehkh me;j mtjhuq;fis xU
cWjpahd> Kiwahd topapy; mwpKfg;gLj;JfpwJ vd;gijg;
Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ]`];uehkh nrhy;Yk; Kjy; mtjhuk;
eu]pk;̀ : - ehu]pk;̀ tG: (21)
eu]pk;̀ mtjhuj;jpd; Kf;aj;tk;:
`puz;af]pG jtkpUe;J ngw;w rhfhtuj;jpd; rpy
Kf;fpa mk;rq;fSf;Ff; Fe;jfk; tpistpf;fhjNjhL xU
capuw;w J}zpypUe;J jd;id ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l
eu]pk;̀ mtjhuk;> jhd;jhd; tp\;Z vd;gijr; re;Njfj;
Jf;fplkpy;yhky; ep&gpj;jJ. mjhtJ mth; vq;Fk;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 84 -
epiwe;jth;> vy;yhtw;wpYk; CLUtpapUg;gth;. ,e;j
cz;ikia ]`];uehkh jh;f;fhPjpahf ntspf;nfhzh;fpwJ.
]`];uehkhitr; nrhy;Yk;NghJ Kjy; ehu]pk;̀ tG:
=khe; tUfpwJ(21-22)). rpythpfs; js;spg; ghh;j;jhy;
meph;Nj];atG: =khd; tUfpwJ - =khe; ,q;F ,uz;Lf;Fk;
nghJthf epw;gijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. fzpj ]h];jpug;gb
nghJthd fhuzpahf ,Uf;Fk; =khie ,uz;L
thh;j;ijfspypUe;Jk; ePf;fptpl;lhy; eu]pk;̀ tG:-Tk;>
meph;Nj];a tG: Tk; vQ;Rfpd;wd. tiuaWj;Jf; $wKbahj
cUtj;ijAk;> ,lj;ijAk; mit ngWfpd;wd. ]`];u
ehkhitr; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;NlNghdhy; ,d;Dk; rpwpJ
J}uj;jpy; meph;Nj];a tG: tp\;;Z:-itr;re;jpf;fpNwhk;.
Kd;nrhd;d mNj fzpj rh];jpu tpjpfspd;gb ehk; cq;fis
ve;j ,yf;if Nehf;fpr; nrYj;j tpUk;gpNdhNkh> me;j
,yf;if ,g;nghOJ ePq;fs; mile;J tpLfpwPh;fs;.
eu]pk;̀ tG: - meph;Nj];atG:
meph;Nj];atG: - tp\;Z:
eu]pk;̀ tG: - tp\;Z:
me;j eu]pk;̀ tG: jhd; tp\;Z. mth;jhd; vq;Fk;
epiwe;jth;; vy;yhtw;Ws;Sk; CLUtpapUg;gth;. nghJ
tof;fpy; eu]pk;̀ : y~;kPeu]pk;̀ vd;Wjhd;
miof;fg;gLfpwhh;. xUf;fhy; ]`];uehkhtpy; eu]pk;̀ -
itaLj;J tUk; =khe; vd;fpw thh;j;ijjhd; ,jw;fhd
Fwpg;Gr; nrhy;yhf ,Uf;Fk; NghYk; (=khe; vd;why; mofd;).
cWjpahd> epr;rakhd topKiwfisg; gpd;gw;wpj;jhd;
]`];uehkh cUthfpapUf;fpwJ vd;gjw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf
fPNo fz;l tp\aj;ijr; nrhy;yyhk;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 85 -
ehkhtspapd; 21-MtJ thh;j;ijahf eh]pk;̀ tG: Tk;
177-MtJ thh;j;ijahf meph;Nj\;a tG:Tk; 657-MtJ
thh;j;ijahf tp\;Z:-Tk; tUfpd;wd. xt;nthU vz;zpY
Ks;s ];jhdq;fspd; $l;Lj;njhif KiwNa 3>6>9 vd;W
tUfpwJ. ,e;j %d;W vz;fSf;Fk; nghJf;fhuzp 3. me;j
%d;why; ,e;j vz;fis tFj;jhy; 1>2>3 vd;W tUk;. NkNy
nrhd;d me;j 3 thh;j;ijfisAk; (ehu]pk;̀ tG: meph;Nj\;a
tG: tp\;Z:) me;j thpirapNyNa (1>2>3) itj;jhy; clNdNa
njhlh;r;rpahd xU $l;lhd nghUs; fpilf;Fk;.
mjhtJ eu]pk;̀ tG: jhd; meph;Nj];a tG: tp\;Z: /.
eu]pk;̀ tG: jhd; ]`];ukehkhtpy; tUk; tp\;Z-
tpd; Kjy; rFz tbtk; vd;gij thrfh; Ghpe;J nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. ve;j tpjkhd re;Njfj;Jf;Fk; ,lkpy;yhky;> me;j
thh;j;ij tG: tp\;Ztpd; vq;Fk; epiwe;jpUf;fpwjhd
jd;ikNahL> filrpj;Jsp re;Njfj;ijAk; ePf;fp ];jhgpg;gjhy;
Fwpg;ghd Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; ngWfpwJ.
]`];uehkh> eu]pk;̀ tGit mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; NghJ
g;ujhd GUN\];tu: vd;W $WfpwJ. ,iwtd; eu]pk;̀ khfj;
Njhd;wpajpd; Nehf;fk;> re;jh;g;gk; R+o;epiy Mfpatw;iw xNu
thh;j;ijapy; rpj;jpukhf tbj;Jf; nfhLg;gjw;fhfNt. g;ujhd
GUN\];tu: vd;fpwJ ]`];uehkh. g;ujhd vd;why; g;uf;Ujp-
,e;j R+o;epiyapy; J}z;. GU\: vd;gth; gf;j gpu`;yhjh.
mjhtJ [Pthj;khthfTk;> <];tudhfpa gfthdhf
GUN\hj;jkdhfTk;> jhNd ,Uf;Fk; epiy> kw;nwhU
rpe;jidahsuhd Mjprq;fuhpd; nkhopapy;> g;ujhd
GUN\];tu:
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 86 -
(gh]: g]{: gjp: /
g;ujhdk; - g;Uf;Ujp: khah GU\:
[Pt: - jNahhP];tu: -
g;ujhd GUN\];tu: ) - vd;W tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.
= fpU\;z: (58)
=fpU\;zh(58) gP\;kUld; rkfhyj;jpy; ,Uf;f
Neh;e;Jtpl;ljhy; ]`];uehkh NgRk; mLj;j mtjhuk;
fpU\;zhtjhukhf ,Ug;gJ kpfTk; rhpahdNj. = fpU\;zh;>
tp];t%h;j;jpahf ,Ug;gjhYk; fhyq;fis ntd;W>
mtjhuq;fspy; rpwe;J> vq;Fk; epiwe;jtuhf ,Ug;gjhYk;
]`];uehkh>
‘Nyh`pjh~: g;ujh;je: g;uG+j: j;hpfFg;jhkh” (59-62)
vd;W njhlh;e;J nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl NghfpwJ. ,q;F
Nyh`pjh~: - Kjy; mtjhukhd kj;];ahtjhuj;ijg;
gw;wpAk;> gpujh;je: - Afg;gpusak; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w
,Wjpg;Nguoptpy; Njhd;wg;Nghfpd;w filrp mtjhukhfpa
fy;fpiag; gw;wpAk; NgRfpd;wd (k;Nyr;rhehk;)
‘g;uyNa G+jhep g;ujh;jjp `pd];jPjp - g;ujh;je:” vd;W
Mjprq;fuh; kpfr; rhpahfr; Rl;bf; fhl;bapUf;fpwhh;.
j;hpfFg;jhk vd;fpw thh;j;ij = fpU\;zh;jhd; vy;yh
,lq;fSf;Fk; ,iwtd; vd;gijr; nrhy;fpwJ. ,g;gbahf
vy;yh mtjhuq;fisAk; gfthd; =fpU\;zhpy; fz;lgpwF
jdpj;jdp mtjhuq;fisg; gw;wp ]`];uehkh NgRk; NghJ
me;je;j mtjhuq;fSf;Fhpa Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij jdpj;
jdpahff; nfhLf;fpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 87 -
gl;bay;
,g;nghOJ mtw;wpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpa Kw;gLKd;
mtw;iw ehk; gl;baypl;Lg; ghh;g;Nghk;.
1. kj;]a: Nyh`pjh~: (59)
Nuh`pj: (365)
k`h];Uq;f: (540)
];Uq;fP: (803)
2. $h;kh: k`hj;hpj;Uf;: (182)
3. tuh`: t;U\hfgp: (102)
k`htuh` (542)
fgp: (900)
itfhe: (987)
4. eu]pk;̀ : ehu]pk;̀ tG: (21)
]pk;̀ : (202)
]pk;̀ : (489)
5. thke: cNge;jpu: (153)
thke: (154)
(thke: g;uhk;]{:) th]thE[: (323)
6. gu]{uhk: fz;lgu]{ : (573)
7. uhk: uhk: (395)
8. gyuhk: `yhAj: (567)
9. fpU\;z: f;U\;z: (58)
f;U\;z: (554)
NjtfP ee;je: (989)
10. Gj;j: ]pj;jhh;j;j: (253)
eph;thzk; (584)
af;Qhe;jf;Uj; (981)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 88 -
11. fy;fp: g;ujh;je: (60)
]`];uehkh fy;fp mtjhuj;ijg; gw;wp mt;tsT
ntspg;gilahf ,y;iy. xUf;fhy; cyfg;Nguopit vjph;Nehf;f
mJ jaq;FfpwNjh vd;dNth!
kj;];ah> $h;kh kw;Wk; tuh`
(540 - 543)
k`h];Uq;f: k`htuh`: vd;W ]`];uehkh xNu
%r;rpy; nrhy;fpwNghJ> mJ eLtpypUf;Fk; $h;kh-
tjhuj;ijAk; Nrh;j;Nj Ngr tpUk;GfpwJ. ,e;j %d;WNk VNjh
xU fhuzj;Jf;fhff; Njhd;wp> fpl;lj;jl;l clNd kiwe;j
jpBh; mtjhuq;fs;. Mifahy; f;Ujhe;jf;Uj;: ];U\;bj;Jf;
nfhz;lhh;fs; - Kbj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;fs; vd;W ]`];uehkh
nghUj;jkhfr; nrhy;fpwJ. vdNt> ,e;j mtjhuq;fs;
cghridf;F fpilg;gjpy;iy; Kf;aj;Jtj;ij epiy
epWj;Jtjw;fhf k`htuh`: Tf;F mLj;jjhf ]`];uehkh
Nfhtpe;j: itr; nrhy;fpwJ. ,e;j k`h];Uq;f: Tk;> k`h
tuh`: Tk; Nfhtpe;j: tpd; yPiyf;F Ml;gLfpd;wd. Nfh
vd;gJ G+kpiaAk;> Ntjq;fisAk; xUq;Nf Fwpf;Fk; xU
nrhy; tpe;j: vd;why; fz;Lgpbg;gJ my;yJ fhg;ghw;WtJ
kj;];a mtjhuj;jpy; Ntjq;fis moptpypUe;J fhg;ghw;wpdhh;.
tuh`htjhuj;jpy; Mo;flypy; kiwj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;j
G+kpiaf; fz;Lgpbj;J kPl;lhh;.
thkeh:
cNge;j;u: thke: g;uhk;]{: - ,e;j thkehtjhuj;jpd; Nehf;fk;
k`hgypAila fh;tj;ij mlf;FtNj - Mifahy; thke:
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 89 -
(thk ,jp-thke) kPz;Lk; FWfpf;Fl;ilaha; thkeehfj;
Njhd;wpDk; mth; gpugQ;rk; KOtijAk; Mf;ukpf;Fk; tifapy;
tsuTk; nra;jhh;. - g;uhk;]{ : /
,uhkh; guRuhkh;.
,uhkh;> guRuhkh; MfpNahhpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpa
=,uhkiug;gw;wpa mj;jpahaj;ijg; ghUq;fs;.
gyuhkh
`yhAj: gpugQ;r cotd;
ee;jP tekhyP `yhAj: /
Mjpj;a: [;Nahjp uhjpj;a: ]`p\;Z. (565 - 570)
vd;Wk; kfpo;r;rpiaj; jUfpd;w ee;jNfhgd; (ee;jP) ,d;g
kakhd gpugQ;r tdj;jpy; kyh; khiyfszpe;J
kyh;r;Nrhiyahfj; Njhw;Wkspf;fpwhh; (tekhy P )> gRikahd
,e;jg; gpugQ;r epyj;jpd; tptrhapahf cotdhf (`yhAj: )
,Uf;fpwhh;. R+hpare;jpuh;fs; ,e;jg; gpugQ;rj;jpw;F cuKk;
Cl;lKk; je;J ghJfhf;fpwhh;fs;. (Mjpj;a: [;Nahjp uhjpj;a:)
G\;ahkp nrs\jp ]h;th: N]hNkh G+j;th u]hj;kf:)/
(fPij-15.13) (ehd; re;jpudhfp mjd;%yk; tho;tpd; u]j;ij
vy;yh fha;fSf;Fk; toq;FfpNwd;.)
,g;gbahf tp\;Z ]`];uehkh kdq;ftUk; xU
mofpag;gpugQ;rg; gz;iztPL> mijr; Rw;wpg; nghpa gz;iz
(tekhyP)> kw;Wk; Xh; cotd; (`yhAj:) ePUf;Fk;> cuj;jpw;Fk;
nghWg;ghspfshf R+h;a> re;jpuh;fs; (Mjpj;a: [Nahjpuhjpj;a:)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 90 -
jdp epiyj; njhluhfr; nrhy;tjhdhy; ,ju Jizj;
njhopy;fisg; Nghyy;yhky; Ntshz;ikf;F kpFe;j rfpg;Gj;
jd;ik Njitg;gLfpwJ (]`p\;Z). tptrhaj;jpy; FWfpa
fhyj;jpl;lj;jpw;Fk;> cldbg; gyDf;Fk; xj;JtUk;gbahd
nghUshjhuk; ,y;iy.
,g;gbahf ]`];uehkh jd;dpfhpy;yhj jdJ jdp
topapy;> mtjhuq;fis vy;yhf; Nfhzq;fspypUe;Jk;
KOikahf mZFfpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 91 -
= fpU\;zh;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 92 -
7. = fpU\;zh;
tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpd; %yth;
(50 - 64)
tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpd; %yth;> ,\;lnja;tk; my;yJ
cgh]e %h;j;jp ahh; vd;W Nfl;lhy; jaf;fkpy;yhky; mJ
=fpU\;zh;jhd; vd;W nrhy;yptpLNthk;. tp\;Z ]`];u
ehkhtpd; Kjd;ikf; flTshf Mf;Ftij Nehf;fkhf;
nfhz;l mjd; Mrphpah;> tp\;Z ]`];uehk ghuhazj;jpy;
=fpU\;ziu chpa ,lj;jpy; itj;Jg; Nghw;Wfpwhh;.
tp];tfh;kh kE: - j;t\;lh ];jtp\;l:
];jtpNuhj;Ut: mf;uh`;a: ]h];tj: f;U\;z
vd;W nrhy;yp tp\;Z ]`];uehkh = fpU\;ziu
Kd;dwptpg;G nra;J tpLfpwJ.
gpugQ;r ntspg;ghLfs; vg;gbj; Njhd;wpd vd;W
nrhd;dgpwF (tp];tfh;kh kE:) tp\;Z ]`];uehkh
=fpU\;zhpd; xspkakhd Njhw;wq;fisr; nrhy;y
tpiufpwJ.
mtjhuq;fspNyNa = fpU\;zhtjhuk;jhd; ed;F
mwpa KbajhjJ. vdNtjhd; mth; mf;uh`;a: vd;W tp\;Z
]`];uehkh nrhy;fpwJ. mth; nray;fs; ahTk;; kdpjdpd;
gFj;jwpT vd;Dk; tuk;gpw;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ. Mifahy;jhd;>
mwpQh;fs; mtuJ nray;fistpl> nrhy;Yf;F mjpf
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;Fk;gb mwpTWj;jpdhh;fs;. mth; ’kdpj
mwptpw;fg;ghw;gl;lth;” vd;W nrhd;dJk;> me;j mwptpg;gpdhy;
Vw;glf;$ba jg;ggpg;uhaj;ijr; rhpnra;a tp\;Z ]`];uehkh
mth; ]h];tj: vd;W clNd $wptpLfpwJ. NkYk;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 93 -
mf;uh`;a vd;W nrhy;tjw;F Kd;ghfNt mJ j;Ut: vd;Wk;
$wptpLfpwJ.
Ntjh: ];thq;f: m[pj: f;U\;z: j;Ul: ]q;fh;\z: mr;Aj: -
vd;fpw thpfspy; f;U\;z: kPz;Lk; Njhd;Wk; nghOJ j;Ul:
mr;Aj: Mfpa thh;j;ijfshy; ]h];tj: kPz;Lk; cWjp
nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
Vw;fdNt nrhd;dgb ]`];uehkhtpy; = fpU\;zh;
Kjypy; Njhd;Wk; NghJ>
‘Nyh`pjh~: g;ujh;je: g;uG+j: j;hpfFg;jhk
gtpj;uk; kq;fsk; guk; ”
vd;W th;zpf;fg;gLfpwhh;. =fpU\;zh;jhd; vy;yh mtjhuq;
fSf;Fk; Mjhukhf ,Ue;J (Nyh`pjh~: g;ujh;je:)
KOg;gpugQ;rj;jpYk; %d;W cyfq;fspYk; (j;hpfFg;jhk:)
tpahgpj;jpUg;gjhfr; nrhy;yg; gLfpwJ. ,g;gb mth; vy;yh
,lq;fspYk;> ve;j Neuj;jpYk; ,Uf;Fk; Kjd;ikj;
jpwKilatuhfg; Nghw;wg;gLfpwhh;. =fpU\;zuhy;
th;\pf;fg;gl;L> ,e;jg; gpugQ;rk; KOtijANk nrd;wilAk;
mtuJ kpfr;rPhpa ey;yJ nra;a tpUk;Gk; ,uf;fkdg;
ghd;ikf;fhf ‘gtpj;uk; kq;fsk; guk; ”; epw;fpwJ.
kaf;f itf;Fk; jpUNkdp
f;U\;z: j;Ul: ]q;fh;\z: (554 - 556)
vt;tsT kaq;fitf;ff; $bajhf = fpU\;zUila
jpUNkdp ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gJ ]q;fh;\z: vd;fpw xNu
thh;j;ijahy; vg;gb tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;W ghUq;fs;.
]haq;fhNy tehe;Nj F]{kpj ]kNa
i]fNj re;jphpfhahk; j;iuNyhfah—
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 94 -
fh;\zhq;fk; ]{ueufzpfh Nkh`eh ghq;f
%h;j;jpk; vd;W yPyh]{fh - nrhy;Yk; NghJ
mtuJ moF mg;gbNa glk; gpbj;Jf; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,\;l Njtij
‘,\;l : tp]p\;l;l : ]p\;Nl\;l ]pfz;B”
(301-311)
xU gf;jd; jdJ ,\;l Njtijia (,\;l:) tp\;Z
]`];uehkhtpypUe;Nj mila tpUk;gpdhy; mtDf;Ff;
Fwpg;ghf moF nghq;Fk; me;j myq;fhu tbtpy; Nfhg
Nt\jhudhf - Mjprq;fuh; nrhd;dgb rpfz;bahfj;
jiyapy; kapypwFld; jhprdk; jUthh;. xU gFj;jwpAk;
jpwDs;s gf;jd; ,e;j kaq;fitf;Fk; jpUNkdpiaNa
jdJ ,\;l nja;tkhfj; njhpe;njLg;ghd;. Mifahy;jhd;>
]jh]ptg;gpuk;Nke;jpuhs;>
‘khd] ]Q;ruNu g;u`;kzp
kj]pfp gpQ;rhyq;Uj rpFNu!”
vd;W ghb kfpo;fpwhh;.
fphPlk;
]`];uehkh KbtilAk; NghJ filrp ];Nyhfj;Jf;F
Ke;ija ];Nyhfj;jpy; NjtfPee;jd: thfj; njspthf
mkh;e;jpUf;fpwhh;. NkYk; filrp thh;j;ijf;F ,U
thh;j;ijfSf;F Kd; -Vd;- xU thh;j;ijf;F Kd; vd;W $lr;
nrhy;yyhk;.
(mN~hg;a: Tk; ]h;tg;u`uzhAj: Tk; Nrh;e;J xNu thh;j;ij
ahfpwJ. Vndd;why;> mitfSf;Fs; xU fhuz fhhpaf;
$l;Lf; fUj;J ,Uf;fpwJ.)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 95 -
ifapy; xU rhl;ilAld; NjNuhl;Lk; =fpU\;zh;
ujhq;fghzpahf tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpd; Kbtpy;
Njhd;Wfpwhh;.
me;Nj ]h;tg;u`uzhAj : ,jptrdk;
]j;a ]q;fy;gj;Nte ]h;Nt];tuj;tk; jh;]apJk;
V\ ]h;Nt];tu: ,jp];Ujp :
vd;W Mjprq;fuh; Kj;jha;g;G itf;Fk;NghJ cz;ikapy; jdJ
Rl;Lk; tpuyhy; = fpU\;ziuj;jhd; mth; fhl;Lfpwhh;.
cj;ju: Nfhgjp: Nfhg;jh
(496-498)
NtnwhU re;jh;g;gj;jpy; mth; Nfhgpj: Nfhg;jh Qhdfk;a
Guhje: vd;W th;zpf;fg;gLfpwhh;. Nfhgjpahd mtuJ
ghj;jpuk; cz;ikapy; jpiuaplg;gl;l> kiwf;fg;gl;l uf]pa
Nfhg;jh. mJ Qhdpfl;F kl;LNk njhpaf;$baJ. (Qhdfk;a:)
NkYk; Ke;ija re;jh;g;gj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l ]h];tj: ,q;F
kPz;Lk; NtnwhU tbtpy; Guhje: thfj;jpUk;gr; nrhy;yg;
gLfpwJ. ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy; ,g;gbg;gl;l Ghpe;J
nfhs;sf;$ba fpU\;zid vg;gb miltJ vd;fpw Nfs;tp
vof;$Lk;. mLj;j fl;lj;jpy; ,jw;fhd tpil ,g;gb tUfpwJ.
Nfh`pj: Nfhgjp: Nfhg;jh tU\gh~:t;U\g;hpa:
(598-602)
nghUs; kaf;fj;ijj; jtph;g;gjw;fhfTk;> cWjpahd
epiyg;ghl;Lf;fhfTk; Ke;ija re;jh;g;gq;fNshL njhlh;G
nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; mNj Nfhgjp: Nfhg;jh vd;fpw
thh;j;ijfNs cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mth;
jh;kj;ij Nerpg;gth; (t;U\g;hpa:). ey;nyhOf;fk;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 96 -
cilath;fsplk; mth; fUiz kioiag; nghopfpwhh;
(t;U\:). mth; fz;fs; jh;kj;ijg; nghopfpd;wd (t;U\gh~:).
mth; Ghpe;J nfhs;sf;$batuh> Ghpe;J nfhs;sKbahjtuh
vd;gijg; gw;wpf; ftiyapy;iy. ,iwtDilia fUzh
flhl;rj;jpdhy; gadilaf;$ba jFjpAs;stuhf>
ey;nyhOf;fKs;stuhf ,Ue;jhNy NghJk;. ,e;jr; rkaj;jpy;
=fpU\;zUila ghyyPiy vt;thW fhz;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ
vd;wwptJ kfpo;T+l;Ltjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 97 -
ghy yPiy
];th;z th;z: N`khq;f: tuhq;f: re;jehq;fjP /
tPu`h tp\k: ]_e;Nahj;U jh]Pury];ry: //
mkhep (743 - 753)
,J ele;jJ - gfthd; aNrhijapd;> rpwpa> mofpa
Foe;ijahf ,Uf;f tpUk;gpa me;jf; fhyfl;lk;. xU ehs;
mts; me;j tz;zkakhd jpUNkdpiaf; fhz;fpwhs;
(];th;zth;z: ). me;jj; jpUNkdp kz;zhy; G+rg;gl;bUf;fpwJ
(N`khq;f:). xUf;fhy; mtd; rpytPur; rpWth;fNshL
ky;Aj;jk; Ghpe;J tpl;L te;jpUg;ghNdh? ( tPu`h ). jiuapy;
cUz;L> Guz;L tPukhf mtd; Aj;jk; nra;jpUe;
jpUf;fNtz;Lk;.
aNrhij mtid vLj;J ed;F Fspg;ghl;b (tuhq;f:)
cly; KOtJk; re;jdk; G+Rfpwhs; ( re;jehq;fjP: ). gpwF
tprhhpjj;jjpy; mtdJ tp\kj;jdkhd eltbf;iffs;
mtSf;Fj; njhpa tUfpd;wd (tp\k:). Mdhy; mtd;
vy;yhtw;iwAk; mikjpahf kWf;fpwhd; (]_d;a:). mtd;
tPL tPlhfr; nrd;W> jhd; kpfTk; tpUk;gpa ntz;nziaj;
jpULtjw;fhf (j;Ujh]P:) miye;jNghJ (mry: ry:)
gaq;fukhf fbe;J nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jpUf;fNtz;Lk; (mkheP: ) .
me;jg; GOjpAk; kz;Zk; ,ilah; Fyr; rpWth;fSld; mtd;
ntz;nziag; gfph;e;J nfhs;tjw;fhfg; Nghl;l rz;ilapd;
tpisthf ,Uf;fyhk;.
]`];uehkhtpy; ,e;jr;rhsuj;jpd; topahf ehk; me;jg;
ghyyPiy vd;fpw ehlfj;ijf; fhzKbfpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 98 -
=tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; = ,uhkh;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 99 -
8. =tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; =,uhkh;
= ,uhkh; tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; ,t;thW Njhd;Wfpwhh;.
uhk: tpuhk: tpu[: khh;f: NeNah eNahs ea: /tPu: ]f;jpkjhk; ];Nu\;l: jh;Nkh jh;ktpJj;jk // (395 - 405)
=,uhkiu cyFf;F mspj;j thy;kPfpapd; topapNyNa>
gP\;kUk; =,uhkiu mZFfpd;whh;. mtjhuq;fspNyNa
=,uhkUila mtjhuk; jdpr;rpwg;G tha;e;jJ. mtUf;F
kdpj ,dj;jpy; kl;Lky;y; tpyq;fpdj;jpYk; gf;jh;fs;
,Ue;jhh;fs;. ukajPjpuhk; vd;W me;j thh;j;ij Ma;T
nra;ag;gLtjhy; mtiu kdpj ,dj;jpw;F kl;Lk; nrhe;j
khdtuhff; fUj KbahJ. tpyq;fpdq;fspy; gwg;gdthfpa
[lhA> elg;gdthfpa [hk;gthd; kw;Wk; thduq;fisAk;
<h;g;gtuhf mth; ,Ue;jhh;. =,uhkiug; gw;wpa ,e;jg;
ghh;itjhd; mLj;j thh;j;ijahd tpuhk: it Mjprq;fuh;
tpsf;Fk;NghJ ‘tpuhNkh mt]hek; g;uhzpehk; m];kpd; ,jp”
vd;W mtiuf; $w itj;jJ. khh;f: vd;fpw thh;j;ij me;j
,uhkhazj;jpd; uhk];a mae vd;fpw thh;j;ijia
epidTgLj;JfpwJ. ‘tPu: ]f;jpkjhk; ];Nu\;l: jh;k:
jh;ktpJj;jk:” vd;fpw thh;j;ijfs; thyptijf;F vjpuhfg;
NgRgth;fspd; ehf;if xl;l eWf;Ftjw;fhfNt Vw;gl;lit.
tPuj;jpy; Fiwe;jjhyh =,uhkh; thypia kiwe;jpUe;J
nfhd;whh;? ,y;iy! mth; tPu: ]f;jpkjhk; ];Nu\;l: / Nghhpd;
tpjp Kiwfs; - Aj;j jh;kk; mtUf;Fj; njhpahjjh? ,y;iy.
mth; jh;k tpJj;jk : ,d;Dk; nrhy;yg; Nghdhy; jh;kNk
mth;jhd;. mg;gbnad;why; ,e;jf; nfhiy vg;gb epahag;
gLj;jg;gl;lJ. jhNd mij mth; epahag;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 100 -
mth; giftuhy; mZfKbahjth; (mea :) vd;fpw tp\ak;
midtuhYk; mwpag;glNtz;Lk;. mtUf;F Mizapl
xUtUk; fpilahJ. ePq;fSk; ehDk; mtUila
fUizahy;jhd; tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. (Nea: ea:)
fl;lisapLgtUk; mtNu. mij epiwNtw;WgtUk; mtNu.
=,uhkh; tpf;u`thd; jh;kthf ,Ug;gjhy; ]hjfd;
jh;kj;ij Nehf;fpr; nrYj;jg;gLfpwhd;. nraypd; gaDk;
=,uhkgf;jh;fl;F clNd fpilf;fpwJ Mifahy; ]`];u
ehkhtpy; =,uhkhpd; ngah; vq;nfy;yhk; tUfpwNjh
mq;nfy;yhk; tpjptpyf;fpd;wp gy];Ujp clNd njhlh;fpwJ.
,e;j rkaj;jpy; =,uhkiuf;Nfhbl;L fhl;Lk; ,U
gf;fq;fspYk; gy];Ujp ,Uf;fpwJ. ]{Ng~z: itFz;l:
Nfhl;il milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; ,Lq;fs;. gP\;kh; =,uhkiu xU
CJnfhk;gpd; Kof;fj;Jld; ]{Ng~z: vd;fpw
thh;j;ijahy; kFlkpl;L mwptpg;gJ Mjprq;fuiu gwf;Fk;
nrhy; tsj;Jld; fPo;f;fz;lthW Ngritf;fpwJ.
<~zk; jh;]ek; a];a ]{gk; ]{gfuk;>
KO~_zhk; Nkhf~jk;>
Nghfhh;j;jp ehk; Nghfjk;>
]h;t ]e;Nj` tpr;Nrj fhuzk;>
ghgpehk; ghtek;>
`;Ujaf;ue;Nj tpr;Nrjfuk;>
]h;t fh;khzhk; ~gzk;
mtpj;ahahk;];r epth;jfk; ]: ]{Ng~z: //
mNahj;jp kf;fs; ,e;j ]{Ng~z: tpd; gaidaile;jhh;fs;.
j;u\;l Vt`p eN]hfk; mgNe\;ajp uhft:
jk: ]h;t];a Nyhf];a ]Kj;ae;ept gh];fu: // (Ayo.K 83.9)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 101 -
,d;ndhU Nfhbapy; ,Uf;Fk; itFz;l: KK
~_zhk; Nkh~jk; vd;fpw Mjprq;fuhpd; thh;j;ijfis
epahag;gLj;jp =,uhkgf;jh;fSf;F ew;fjpiaf;
fhz;gpf;fpwJ.
(ii)kN`\;thN]h k`Pgh;jh = epth] ]jhk; fjp:
gP\;kh; =,uhkiu Kiwg;gb mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;.
]`];uehkk; nrhy;gtUf;F =kj; ,uhkhazj;jpy; =,uhkh;
ve;j ];t&gj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwhNuh mNj ];t&gj;jpy; =ke;
ehuhazDld; njhlh;GgLj;jp mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;.
]`pNjit: cjPzhk;];a uhtz];a thjhh;jpgp: /
mh;j;jpNjh khEN\ NyhNf [f;NQ tp\;Z: ]ehje: //
(Ayo.K 1-7)
tp\;Z ]`];uehkhTf;Fk;> =kj; ,uhkhazj;Jf;Fk;
,ilNaahd njhlh;G ,Njh;
kN`\;thN]h k`Pgh;j;jh = epth]: ]jhk; fjp: (183-186)
,uhkhazj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; thy;kPfpf;F ehujh; mspj;j
gjpypypUe;J kN`\;th]: vd;fpw thh;j;ij ifahsg;
gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,g;nghOJ gP\;kh;> ]`];uehkhtpy;
=uhkhpd; Eiothapiy kN`\;th]: vd;Nw tpspj;Jj;
jpwe;J tpLfpwhh;.
kN`hu];Nfh kN`\;thN]h $lrj;U mhpjk: /
m[hEgh`{: ]{]puh: ]{yyhl: ]{f;uk //- (B.K 1-10)
fPjhrhhpadpd; jDh;ju: jhd; kN`\;th]: /
uhk: ]];jug;Ujhk; m`k; (fPij 10- 3 ) vd;W mth; $Wfpwhh;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 102 -
k`Pgh;jhjhd; =,uhkh;. mtjhuq;fSs; G+kpia Mz;l
xNu murh;. k`P[h: vd;fpw ngahpy; rPjhNjtp ,Ug;gjhy;
k`Pgh;jhit Rw;wp rPjhuhkh vd;fpw tisak;. mLj;j
thh;j;ijahd =epth]: =,uhkiu %y&gj;Jld;
,izf;fpwJ.
(a];a t~];ae ghapeP =: t]jp] =epth]:)
]jhk; fjp: vd;fpw thh;j;ijahy; gy];Ujp fhz;gpf;fg;
gLfpwJ.
]jhk; itjpehk; ]hJehk; GU\hh;j;j ]hjeg;uhg;jpN`J:
]jhk; fjp: /
,g;gbahf Mjprq;fuUila ,e;j thh;j;ijapd;
tpsf;fj;ij ehk; Kjy; gy];Ujpahf vLj;Jf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. ]`];uehkhtpy; =,uhkh; filrpahf tUk;NghJ
xg;G Nehf;fp milahsk; fz;L kPz;Lk; gy];Ujp nrhy;yg;
gLk;NghJk; ,ij epidT gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
(mNefkhf me;j vz;zj;jpd; Mjhu];Ujp KOtJk;
‘ghpj;uhzha ]hJ}ehk; tpeh]ha rJ\;f;Ujhk; /
jh;k ]k;];jhgehh;j;jha ]k;gthkp ANf ANf” (fPij 4-8)
vd;Dk; ];Nyhfj;jpy; mlq;fp> ,e;j ehd;F thh;j;ijfshy;
Kb#lg;gLfpwJ.
]jhk; fjp:apy; ghpj;uhzha ]hJ}ehk; - ];gbfkhfpwJ.
kN`\;th]h-tpy;>tpeh]har J\;f;Ujhk; - ciwe;J NghfpwJ.
gfthd; =epth]d; k`Pgh;jhthf ,q;F jh;kj;ijg;
ghpghypg;gjw;fhfNt Njhd;Wfpwhh; (jh;k ]k];jhg ehh;j;jha
]k;gtjp ) ).
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 103 -
(iii). tuj: thAth`e:
=,uhkh; ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf ]`];uehkhtpy;
Njhd;Wk;NghJ - ,y;iy ,y;iy - Kjd;Kiwahf vd;Wjhd;
nrhy;yNtz;Lk; - Vndd;why;> Kjy; Njhw;wk; mtjhuj;jpd;
Muk;gkhff; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. thA th`eehf
MQ;rNeaUld; mth; Njhd;Wfpwhh;(332). thA th`e:
=,uhkiuj; jtpu NtW ahuhf ,Uf;f KbAk;? ,uhtzDld;
rz;ilapLk;NghJ MQ;rNeah;jhNd = ,uhkiur; Rke;jhh;?
,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf ]`];uehkhtpy; thA th`e:
tUk;NghJ (860) jEh;ju: Tk; jEh;Ntj: Tk; Njhd;Wfpwhh;fs;.
]`];uehkh vDk; Gdpj Nkilapy; =,uhkiu gP\;kh;
mwpKfg;gLj;jpaNghJ> MQ;rNeah; ,y;yhj =,uhkiu
mtuhy; fw;gid $lr; nra;J ghh;f;f Kbatpy;iy.
‘aj;uaj;u uFehj fPh;j;jdk;
jj;ujj;u f;Ujk];j fhQ;[ypk;
gh\;gthhp ghpG+h;z Nyhrek;
khUjpk; ekjuh~ ]he;jfk;”
vd;nwy;yhk; ePl;b Kof;fpr; nrhy;y Ntz;bapUg;gij
thAth`e: vd;fpw xNu thh;j;ijahy; gP\;kh; eWf;Fj;
njwpj;jhw; Nghy; tpsq;fitj;J tpLfpwhh;. ,q;F tuj: vd;gJ
gy];Ujp.
(iv). fgPe;ju`
mLj;jgbahf = ,uhkh; fgPe;j;u: thf tUk;NghJ (503)
G+hpj~pzthf tuj: tphptilfpwhh; thAth`e: njspthf
tpsf;fg;gl;L fgPe;ju: thf epiyngWfpwhh;. G+hpj~pz: ,e;j
,lj;jpy; gy];UjpahfpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 104 -
(v). ]{je;th
mLj;J ]`];uehkhtpy; =,uhkh; guRuhkUld;
Njhd;Wfpwhh;. rkfhyj;jth;fshifahy; mth;fis xU Nru
itg;gJjhd; rhp vd;W gP\;kh; fUjpdhh;.
fjp]j;jk: ]{jd;th fz;lgu]{: jhUz: j;utpzg;uj:
,q;F ]`];uehkh jh]ujp uhkUf;Fk; [hkjf;ep
uhkUf;Fk; cs;s Ntw;Wikiaf; fhz;gpf;f Kaw;rpf;fpwJ.
[kjf;ep uhk: jhd; jhUz.
jh]ujp uhk: jhd; fjp]j;jk:
ftdpAq;fs;. =,uhkhpd; Kjy; Njhw;wj;jpy; kN`\;
th]hTld; Njhd;wpa ]jhk;fjp : fjp]j;jk : vd;fpw tbtpy;
mNefkhf ,ul;bg;ghfpaJ. mJNt> kN`\;th]htpd;
gpujpahfpa ]{jd;th- it mile;jpUf;fpwJ.
=,uhkh;> =guRuhkh; MfpNahuJ jh;k ghpghydj;ij
xg;G Nehf;Fk;NghJ Vw;glf;$ba Fog;gj;ijj; jtph;f;f Ntz;b
fjp]j;jk: Nth> jhUz: Nth> ]{je;th kw;Wk; fz;lgu]{:
Tf;F eLNt itf;fg;glhky; jdpahf itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
,e;j tpjkhf fjp]j;jk: = ,uhkNdjhd; vd;gJk;> jhUz:
guRuhkh;jhd; vd;gJk; cWjpahfpwJ.
,Wjpahf gu]{uhkh;> Nfhjz;luhkDld; Mj;khh;j;j
khf xd;wptpLtjhy;> guRuhkiug; gphpj;jgpd; j;utpzg;uj:
vd;fpw ngahpy; gy];Ujp Njhd;WfpwJ. kPz;Lk; uhk> guRuhk
]k;Nahfk; ,lJ Gwj;jpy; fjp]j;jk: thfTk;> tyJ Gwj;jpy;
j;utpzg;uj: thfTk; gy];Ujp cah;tile;J> Md;kPf kw;Wk;
cyfpay; rhh;e;j Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij KiwNa NgrptpLfpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 105 -
( vi ) G+]a:
G+]a: thf (634) =,uhkh; Njhd;Wk;NghJ ,Nj
khjphpahd re;jh;g;gj;jpy; thy;kPfpapd; tUj;jk; ntspg;gLj;jg;
gLfpwJ. xU tptrhap G+]a: thf ,Ug;gJ ,aw;ifNa
vd;whYk; ngUk;ghYk; jtph;f;fg;glKbahjJ. Mdhy;> tPukpF
,sturd; G+\{Nzh G+jp: ahff; fl;lhe;jiuapy; fplg;gJ
mErpjNk.
‘j]uje;Ug]j;jkhg;ahk;”
j;Uz ]Nae mErpNj (B.K 22 - 24)
,q;F G+]a: itj;njhlUk; gy];Ujp tpN]hf :Nt MdhYk;
mJ N]hf eh]e: /
( vii ) f:
f: vd;fpw cUtpy; = ,uhkh; (734) kPz;Lk; xspUk;NghJ
ehujhplk; thy;kPfp Nfl;l Nfs;tpf;F tpil fpilj;JtpLfpwJ.
Nfhe; t];kpd; ]hk;gujk; NyhNf.....? (B.K 1 - 2)
mNjNghy; jh;kGj;jpuh; gP\;khplk;>
Nfh jh;k: ]h;tjh;khzhk; gtj: guNkh kj:
vd;W Nfl;lhuy;yth? me;j Nfs;tpf;Fk; ,q;Nf tpil
fpilf;fpwJ. =,uhkUila ghijapy; (uhk];amae)
mbnahw;wpr; nry;tNj kpfg;nghpa jh;kk;.
( viii ) fpk;
mLj;j thh;j;ijahd fpk; (735) vd;gJk; =,uhkUf;fhdNj.
(vJ guk;nghUs; vd;W Muhaj;jf;ftdhf ,Ug;gtd;). ,q;F
jh;kGj;jpuhpd; ,uz;lhtJ Nfs;tpahf>
fpk; [ge; Kr;aNj [e;J: [d;k ]k;]hu ge;jehj; /
vd;fpw Nfs;tpf;F tpil fpilf;fpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 106 -
[e;Jf;fSld; njhlh;G nfhz;ltuhd tpuhk: vd;fpw
=,uhkh;jhd; Vw;fdNt $wpagb gwitfs; kw;Wk;
kpUfq;fshd [lhA> [hk;gthd; kw;Wk; fzf;fpylq;fh
thduq;fSf;F tpNkhrdkspj;jhh;.
=,uhkhpd; ,k;khjphpahd gytpj ntspg;ghLfSf;fhd
gy];Ujp> Nfs;tpfSf;fhd tpilfshf> me;j ntspg;ghL
fSf;fpilapNyNa ,Ug;gjhy;> gP\;kh; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw
gy];Ujpiar; nrhy;yhky; tpl;LtpLfpwhh;. gy];Ujp ,q;F
kiwe;jpUf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,lk; ‘Nfs;tpAk; ehNd> gjpYk; ehNd”
vd;fpw ghzpapy; gpd;dg;gl;bUg;gjw;F tp\;Z ]`];u
ehkhtpy; ,J xg;gw;w cjhuzk;- tp\;Z ]`];u
ehkhtpy;kl;LNk fhzg;gLk; cjhuzk; - xNu thh;j;ijf;F
,uz;L mh;j;jq;fs; - rk;gh\izapy; Xuq;fj;jdpnkhop.
( ix) thAth`e:
jEh;ju: jEh;Ntj: ............... ]j;ajh;k guhaz : (860 - 862)
thA th`eehf =,uhkiu gP\;kh; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ ehd;F
th;zj;jpy; xg;gw;w Guhjd tbtpduhf KOj;Njhw;wj;jpy;
tUfpwhh;.
]j;athd; ]hj;tpf: ]j;a:
]j;ajh;k guhaz: /
=,uhkhpd; Gfo;ghl ,q;F ]j; vd;fpw thh;j;ij ehd;F Kiw
tUfpwJ. jEh;ju: jEh;Ntj: vd;fpw thh;j;ijfspy;
=,uhkhpd; Gfo; xsph;fpwJ> vd;gjpy; ve;j re;NjfKk; ,y;iy.
Mjp rq;fuh; cWjpgl ,t;thW $Wfpwhh;.
/] Vt: - ,g;gbahf
=khd; uhk: - ] Vt jh]ujP: /
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 107 -
,q;F gy];Ujp mgpg;uha: vd;fpw thh;j;ijapypUe;J vy;yhg;
ghpkhzq;fspYk; tUfpwJ. ,ij Mjp rq;fuh; tpsf;Fk;NghJ
‘mgpg;N;uaNj GU\hh;j;j fhk; ~pgp: ’ vd;fpwhh;.
=,uhkUila fUzhflhl;rk; jh;k> mh;j;j> fhk
Nkh~q;fis ehk; miltjw;fhf KOik ngWfpwJ.
itjpfhehk;> ]hJ}ehk; GU\hh;j;j ]hjeg;uhg;jp N`J :
vd;W Muk;gj;jpy;> =,uhkh; Kjd; Kiwahf ]jhk;fjp:
vd;fpw thh;j;ijAld; Njhd;wpaij kPz;Lk; ,g;NghJ epidT
$h;;Nthkhf.
,g;gbahf> GU\hh;j;jq;fis miltjw;fhf
=,uhkiu mZFk;gb gf;jh;fis typAWj;Jk; tp\;Z
]`];uehkh g;hpahh;̀ mh;̀ : vd;W njhlh;e;J $wp> ek;
ek;gpf;iff;Fk; md;Gf;Fk; cfe;jth; =,uhkh; vd;W cWjpglf;
$WfpwJ. ,e;jf; fl;lj;jpd; filrp thh;j;ijfshd g;hpaf;Uj;>
g;hPjp th;je: kpfr; rpwe;j =,uhkiu ekf;F milahsk;
fhl;Lfpd;wd. jd;id ehb tUk; gf;jd;kPJ fUiz
kionghoptNjhL epy;yhky; (g;hpaf;Uj; ) me;j gf;jdpd; md;G
jd;idtpl;L mfyhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhfj; njhlh;e;J gf;jpia
Cl;bf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk; nghWg;gpidAk; mth; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;fpwhh; (g;hPjpth;je:). NtWtpjkhfr; nrhd;dhy;
=,uhkiu khh;flfpN]hud;aha: thf mila tpUk;gpdhy;
me;j ,uhk gf;jd; ‘khh;[yfpN]hud;aha” = ,uhkhpd;
,jaj;jpNyNa jd;id tPw;wpUf;fr; nra;Ak; nghWg;igAk;
mtUilajhfNt Mf;fptpLfpwhd;.
,g;Ngh;g;;gl;ltDf;F =,uhkhpd; jhprdk; vq;Nf
fpilf;Fk;? mNahj;jp? ]uA ejpf;fiu? guj;th[hpd;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 108 -
M];ukk;?tp`ha]fjp: ? vd;W tp\;Z]`];uehkh clNd
nrhy;yptpLfpwJ. mtuJ ,lk; ;̀Ujahfh] vd;fpw
‘tp`ha]: ’ mth; ‘j;ahdfk;a: ’ Md;kPfk; nfhz;L nry;Yk;
,ja G+h;tkhd vy;yh topfspYk; mtiuailayhk;. kpfTk;
Rygkhf milaf; $batuhf mth; jd;id Mf;fpf;
nfhs;fpwhh;. (]_yg: )
]h;tf;Q: ]h;tNjhKf: ]{yg : ]{t;Uj (821 - 824)
vd;W tp\;Z ]`];uehkh nrhy;fpwJ. Mjp rq;fuh; ]{t;uj :
(456) = ,uhkiuj; jtpuNtwpy;iy vd;fpwhh;. mgakspf;Fk;
epiyapy;>
‘]f;UNjt g;uge;eha jth];kPjpr ahrNj /
mgak; ]ht G+Njg;Nah jjhkp ujj; tpujk; kk”
(Y -18-34)
= ,uhkiu ehk; Njb miya Ntz;baNj ,y;iy. mth;
]h;tNjhKf : vq;Fk; epiwe;jpUf;fpwhh;. vy;yhg; ngUik
fNshLk; uka jPjp uhk : thf ]`];uehkhtpy; ehk; mtiur;
re;jpf;fpNwhk;.
(x) ~pjP] : (991) ( G+kpia Ms;gtd;)
(9 + 9 + 1 = 19 ; 1 + 9 =10 ; 1 + 0 = 1)
=,uhkh; ]`];uehkhtpy; ~pjP] : thf ,Wjpapy;
Njhd;Wfpwhh;. Mjprq;fuh; nrhy;fpwhh;>
N~j: G+Nk: <]: ~pjP]: j]ujhj; k[: /
,q;F uhkehkhtpd; filrp gy];Ujp ghgeh]e:/
~pjP]: itj; njhlh;e;J tUk; nrhy; ,q;F
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 109 -
gy];Ujpahtjhy; ghgeh]e: mgakspf;Fk; trdkhf
ghgeh]e: tpypUe;J ]h;tg;u`uzhAj: tiu njhlh;fpwJ.
vdNt ,e;j ~pjP]: vd;Dk; nrhy; tp\;Z r`];uehkhtpd;
rpfukhf mike;Jtpl;lJ.
,g;gbahf =,uhkh; f: fpk; vd;fpw thh;j;ijfspy;
rpwpa Cw;whfj; njhlq;fp ~pjP]: vd;fpw rpfuj;ij
vl;btpLfpwhh;.
,Wjpahf tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; =,uhkh; jhd;
Kjd;ik ];jhdk; tfpj;J Ml;rp Ghpfpwhh; vd;fpw KbTf;F
ehk; tUtjw;F VJthfg; gukrptd; ghh;tjpaplk; nrhy;Yk;>
‘ = uhk uhk uhNkjp uNkuhNk kNdhuNk /
]`];uehkjj;Jy;ak; uhkehk tuheNe “ //
vd;fpw ];Nyhfk; mike;J tpLfpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 110 -
rpt :
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 111 -
9. rpt : (27 > 607)
gpugQ;rj;jpd; jiytd;> gpuk;kh> tp\;Z> rptdhf uh[]
]j;t jNkh Fzq;fNshL> Mf;fy;> fhj;jy;> mopj;jy; Mfpa
%d;wpd; njhFjpahf nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;.
G+jf;Uj;> G+jg;Uj; gw;wp Mjprq;fuh; tpsf;Fk;NghJ nrhy;fpwhh;.
uN[hFzk; M];hpj;a tphpk;rp&Ngz G+jhep
fNuhjp G+jf;Uj; ; jNkhFzkh];jha Uj;uhj;keh
G+jhep> f;Ue;jjp> f;UNzhjp> `pe];jPjp G+jf;Uj; ;
]j;tFzk; mjp\;lha G+jhep ghyajp> jhuajp>
Ngh\ajp gpgh;j;jPj th G+jg;Uj; /
,g;nghOJ tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; rptd; ve;jj;
Njhw;wj;jpy;> Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;Wg; gy;fpg; guTfpwhh; vd;W
ghh;g;Nghk;.
rptDldhd Kjy; re;jpg;G ]h;t: rh;t: rpt: ];jhZ :
(25-28)-tpYk;> ,uz;lhtJ mwpKfk; mepth;j;jP ept;Ujhj;kh
]k;N~g;jh N~kf;Uj; rpt: (603-607) vd;Dkplj;jpYk;
epfo;fpwJ. ,g;nghOJ ehk; rptDld; njhlh;G nfhz;l
ept;Ujhj;khtpd;-ghy; ekJ ftdj;ijj; jpUg;gpdhy; rptD
ila Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,d;Dk; ed;whf czuKbAk;.
ept;Ujhj;kh Vw;fdNt Mth;j;je: ept;Ujhj;kh
]k;t;Uj: ]k;g;ukh;je: (230- 233) thf ek;ikr; re;jpj;jpUf;fpwhh;.
mth; kPz;Lk; ]khth;j;j: ept;Ujhj;kh Jh;[a: Jujpf;uk:
(779 - 782)- thf ek;ikr; re;jpf;fg;Nghfpwhh;. ept;Ujhj;khTld;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 112 -
njhlh;G nfhz;lth;fis mth; Fw;wkw;wth;fshf itj;jpUf;
fpwhh; vd;gijAk; ftdpAq;fs;. ,q;F ]khth;j;j: vd;gth;
ehk; Vw;fdNt mwpe;jpUe;j Mth;je: itj;jtpu Ntwy;y.
xUf;fhy; mth; jdf;nfjpuhd rf;jpfshy; jd;id ntd;W
tpl Kbahjtuhf Mf;fpf;nfhs;s ( Jh;[a:) jd;idj; jhNd
ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L ,d;DnkhU Nkyq;fpia
mzpe;J te;jpUf;fyhk;.
rptdpd; %d;W Njhw;wq;fs;
tp\;Z ]`];uehkh rptidg; gw;wpa tphpe;j tprhykhd
mwpit ekf;Ff; nfhLf;fpwJ. mJ rptdpd; %d;W
Njhw;wq;fisg; gw;wpAk; NgRfpwJ.
1. gpuk;kdhfpa rptd;
2. mopf;Fk; flTshfpa rptd;
3. kq;fskhfpa rptd;
1. gpuk;kdhfpa rptd;
gpugQ;rj;ij> rptrf;jp&gkhf epidg;gth;fs; rptidg;
gpuk;kkhfTk;> rf;jpia ,aw;ifapd; tbtkhfTk;
fhz;fpwhh;fs; ( ]gu`;k: ] ]pt: - Mjprq;fuh;) ,f;fUj;ij
tp\;Z ]`];uehkh rptidf; FzhjPjd; vd;W $wp
Mjhpf;fpwJ. FzhjPjd; vd;why; Rj;jkhd g;u`;kk;.’ep];j;iu
Fz;ajh ]{j;jj;thj;]pt:” vd;fpwhh; Mjprq;fuh;. tp\;Z
]`];uehkhtpd; nkhopapy; ‘ept;Ujhj;kh”-jhd; FzhjPjd;.
,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; rptd;
Njhd;Wk;NghJ ,e;j thh;j;ij tUfpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 113 -
2. mopf;Fk; flTshfr; rptd ;
eph;thff; fhuzq;fSf;fhf Kk;%h;j;jpfSs; rptd;
mopf;Fk; flTshfg; nghWg;Ngw;fpwhh;. vdNt >
]h;t: ]h;t: ]pt: ];jhZ:
vd;fpwJ tp\;Z ]`];uehkk;.
(];Uzhjp ]k;̀ hu]kNa ]k;̀ hjp ]k;̀ huajp
]fyh: g;u[h ,jp ]h;t: - Mjprq;fuh;)
mLj;J> rptDld; ,aq;Ffpw ept;Ujhj;kh Kjd;
Kiwahf tp\;Z ]`];uehk Nkilapy; Njhd;Wk;NghJ>
‘Mth;je: ept;Ujhj;kh ]k;t;Uj: ]k;g;ukh;je: ”
vd;fpw thpfspd; %yk; rptd; mopf;Fk; flTs; vd;fpw
fUj;ij cWjp nra;fpwJ. ,q;F ]k;g;ukh;je : ,yf;fpa
&gkhfTk;> cz;ikahfTk; rptdpd; Uj;u: vDk; Njhw;wj;jpd;
vjpnuhypahfpwJ.
(]k;af; g;ukh;jajp Uj;ufhyhj;ahgp: tpG+jpgp: ,jp
]k;g;ukh;je: - Mjprq;fuh;)
Nfs;tp Nfl;L re;Njfq;fisg;Nghf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; gof;f
Kila xU khztd; ]k;g;ukh;je: kw;wth;fshy; vspjpy;
ghjpf;fg;glf;$bath;jhdh? vd;W Nfl;lhdhdhy;> tp\;Z
]`];uehkh %d;whtJ ,WjpKiwahf ept;Ujhj;kh
Njhd;Wkplj;jpw;F mtid mioj;Jr; nrd;W mth; Jh;[a:
vd;gijf; fhz;gpj;J tpLfpwJ.
]khth;j;j: ept;Ujhj;kh Jh;[a: Jujpf;uk: /
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 114 -
3. rptk; kq;fsk;
mopf;Fk; flTshfr; rptidr; nrhy;Yk;NghJ vijNah
,oe;Jtpl;lijg;Nghy; kdk; czh;fpwJ. rptk; kq;fskhdJ-
ek;ikj; Njk;gpj;Njk;gp moitg;gJ mtuJ cz;ikahd
Fzky;y. vdNt> tp\;Z ]`];uehkh mLj;j jUzj;jpy;
]k;N~g;jh N~kf;Uj;]pt: / vd;W nrhy;yp tpLfpwJ.
]k;̀ hu rkaj;jpy; rptDila gzpia epidTf;Ff;
nfhz;LtUk; thh;j;ij ]k;N~g;jh.
( tp];j;Ujk; [fj; ]k;̀ hu ]kNa ]{~;k
&Ngz ]k;~pgd; ” - Mjprq;fuh;)
N~kf;Uj; > ehrj;ij (nusj;u:) cz;L gz;Zfpwhh;
vd;fpw epidit ePf;fp rptdpd; ,uf;f kdg;ghd;ikia
epWTk; thh;j;ij. vd;d khjphpahd ,uf;fk;> vt;tsT
mghpkpjkhf mJ nghope;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gjid
mLj;j thh;j;ijj; njhlhpy; = vd;fpw rptDila
jiyg;Gld;>
=tj;]t~h: =th]: =gjp: =kjhk;tu: =j:
=]: =epth]: =epjp: =tpghte: =ju: ];Nua: =khd;
Nyhfj;uah];ua: /
vd;w thpfs; tUk;NghJ mwpe;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.
,q;Fjhd; ‘=khd ;” ,Wjpahf ehd;fhtJ Kiwahfj;
Njhd;Wfpwhh;. tp\;Z ]`];uehkh ,e;j ,lj;jpy;jhd;
rptDf;F ‘=khd;” vd;fpw kFlj;ijr; R+l;b kfpo;fpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 115 -
af;Q:
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 116 -
10. af;Q:
nea; Kjypa `tp];fis Gdpj mf;dpapy; M`{jp
nra;J> ,aw;Wk; jpahf Nts;tpNa ‘af;Qk;’ vd;wTld; Kjypy;
ekf;F epidTf;F tUfpwJ. ‘a[;’ vd;Dk; Nth;r;
nrhy;ypypUe;J ‘af;Q’: tUfpwJ. ‘a[;’ vd;why; flTshf
epidj;J tzq;Fjy;. vdpDk; ,e;j Nth;r;nrhy; tphpe;J
gue;J gy;fpg;ngUFk; tpjkhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ.
Mjprq;fuhpd; topfhl;Ljypy;> tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy;
af;Q: gw;wp ehk; tpthjpf;Fk;NghJ> cr;rfl;l ,Wjpg; gphpthd
‘af;Q F`;ak;’ vd;gJ gw;wp mth; vd;d nrhy;fpwhh; vd;W
ghh;g;Nghk;. ‘af;Q F`;ak;’ vd;Dk; thh;j;ijf;Fg; gpwF>
af;Qj;ijg;gw;wp ]`];uehkh vJTk; nrhy;tjpy;iy.
Vndd;why; af;Qj;ijg; gw;wpa ,Wjpthh;j;ij mJ. vdNt
af;Q: itg; gw;wpa ,Wjp tpsf;fk; af;Q F`;ak; vd;fpw
thh;j;ijapy; nrhy;yg;gl;L tpLfpwJ vd;W nfhs;syhk;. (982)
af;Q: tpd; kiwnghUs; Mjprq;fuh;>
‘af;Qh ehk; F ;̀ak; Qhdaf;Q:
gyhgp]k;jpu `pNjh th af;Q : “
vd;W nrhy;fpwNghJ ntspg;gilahfp tpLfpwJ. gydpy;
gw;wpy;yhky; nra;Ak; ve;jf;fhhpaKk; af;Q: jhd;. ,e;j
vz;zj;ij tphpTgLj;jpdhy; jh;kk; my;yJ Gz;zpa fhhpak;
my;yJ Neh;ikNa af;Qk;> (Nts;tp) vdg;gLk;. Mjprq;fuhpd;
‘jh;kk; jhd;af;Qk; vd;Dk; ,e;jf; fUj;J vt;tsT rhpahdJ>
]`];uehkhtpypUe;J ,e;jf; fUj;Jf;F cuk; Nrh;f;fg;gl;ljh?
my;yJ Ntnwq;fpUe;jhtJ ,e;jf; fUj;Jf;Fg; gyk;
Nrh;f;fg;gl;ljh vd;gij ,dp ghh;g;Nghk;. thrfh;fis NkYk;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 117 -
vjph;g;ghh;g;Gf;F cs;shf;fhky; ehd; ,g;NghNj nrhy;yp
tpLfpNwd;- ngUk;ghYk; vq;nfy;yhk; tp\;Z
]`];uehkhtpy; af;Q : gw;wpr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwNjh
mq;nfy;yhk; jh;kKk; njhlh;G nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;fpw
cz;ikapypUe;Jjhd; Mjprq;fuh; ,e;j KbTf;F te;jhh;
vd;gJ njs;sj; njspthfj; njhpfpwJ.
]`];uehkhtpy; ngUk;ghYk; xU thh;j;ijapd;
nghUs;> mjDld; njhlh;Gs;s> gf;fypYs;s thh;j;ijfshy;
my;yJ ]`];uehkhtpy; Ntnwq;fhtJ nrhy;yg;gl;l> mNj>
my;yJ mNj nghUSila thh;j;ijfshy;jhd; epWtg;
gLfpwJ vd;gij ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;tJ mtrpak;.
vg;NghjhtJjhd; xU thh;j;ij jdpj;jd;ikAilajha;
epw;Fk;.
(a)
t;U\h P̀ (257)
af;Q: tpd; Kf;aj;tj;NjhL ]`];uehkhtpy; ehk; fhZk;
Kjy; thh;j;ij t;U\h`P. Mjp rq;fuhpd; $w;Wg;gb t;U\h P̀
vd;gJ 12 ehl;fSf;Fj; njhlUk; xU af;Qk; -
t;UN\h jh;k: Gz;a: jNjt m`: j;tj]h`hjp:
f;Uj: t;U\h`: ]: m];ah];jPjp t;U\h P̀ - //
,e;j thh;j;ijapd; mikg;ig ftdpg;gJ Kf;fpak;. t;U\:
vd;why; jh;kk; vd;W mh;j;jk;. m`: vd;why; flTshf
epidj;J tzq;Fjy;. $l;lhf ,J jh;kj;ijf; flTshf
epidj;J tzq;Fjiyf; Fwpf;fpwJ. m`: it xU ehSf;F
vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy;> jh;kj;jpd; topapNyNa vg;NghJk;
nry;tijNa mJ Fwpf;fpwJ. ,q;F t;U\h`P: vd;Dk;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 118 -
tbtpy; af;Q : Kjd;Kjypy; Njhd;Wk; NghJ mjDila
mh;j;jk; gf;fypYs;s thh;j;ijfspypUe;J fld;thq;fg; glhky;
jdpahfNt epd;W njspthf;ff; $bajhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ.
]`];uehk Nkilapy; t;U\h`P vd;fpw khW
Ntlj;jpy;> af;Qk;> jh;kk; vd;Dk; ,ul;il Ntlj;jpy; -
gpujhdkhf jh;kNtlj;jpy; - af;Qj;jpd; Njhw;wj;ij
Nehpilahfg; gjpT nra;jJ gP\;khpd; ifNjh;e;j ebg;ghw;wypd;
Nguwpit ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.
(b)
k`hkf: (440) (Nts;tp tbthdtd;)
]`];uehkhtpy; af;Q: itg;gw;wpa ,uz;lhtJ
thh;j;ij ,J. vy;yh re;Njfq;fisAk; Nghf;Ftjw;fhfTk;>
af;Qj;jpy; jh;kj;jpd; Kf;aj;tj;ij epiyepWj;Jtjw;fhfTk;>
(A+g) nghUs; kaf;fk; Vw;gLk;tpjkhf ntspg;gLk;
thh;j;ijfisj; jtph;g;gjw;fhfTk;> af;Q: tpw;fhfg; NgRk;
k`hkf: Tf;F Kd;Ng jh;kA+g: te;JtpLfpwJ. A+g: af;Qj;jpd;
,d;wpaikahj jdpg;gl;l nrhj;J.
af;Q : tpy; jh;kj;jpw;F Kf;aj;Jtk; nfhLg;gjw;fhf
gP\;kh; af;Qj;ij NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lk; milahsr; rpd;dkhf
jh;kj;Jld; A+g : vd;fpw thh;j;ijiaf; Nrh;f;fpwhh;. ,e;j
jh;kA+g : vd;;fpw thh;j;ij gP\;kh; fz;Lgpbj;j xUtpiy
kjpg;gw;w ehzak; (fhR) Ntjtpw;gd;dh;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb
,e;j thh;j;ij Ntjq;fspy; fhzg;gltpy;iy. jh;kj;jpw;Fk;
af;Qj;jpw;Fk; jpUkzkhdNghJ ,e;j ehzaj;ij (fhir)
tbj;J mij epidTg;ghprhf> mspj;jpUf;fpwhh;. ,jpy;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 119 -
jh;kA+g : ehzaj;jpd; jiyg;gf;fk; k`hkf : gpd; gf;fk; ,e;j
ehzaj;jpd; Row;rp tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; kl;LNk
fhzf;fpilf;Fk;.
jh;kk; vDk; fk;gj;jpy; fl;Lz;L epiyngw;wpUg;gNj
kpfg;nghpa af;Qk; (k`hkf :)
(c)
af;Q ,[;Nah kN`[;a];r f;uJ: ]j;uk; (446 - 450)
tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhtpy; af;Qj;jpd; mLj;j Njhw;wk;
af;Q: ,[;a: kN`[;a];r f;uJ: ]j;uk;
vd;fpw E}ypioapy; Nfhh;f;fg;gl;L jh;kj;jpd; nry;thf;Fld;
$ba ]j;uk; ]jhk;fjp: vd;fpw thh;j;ijfSld;
Kbr;Rg;Nghl;Lf; nfhs;fpwJ. ,q;F af;Q: kw;Wk; jh;kj;Jld;>
nghJr;nray; fhuzj;jpw;fhf ‘]j;uk;’ Njhd;WfpwJ vd;Dk;
tp\ak; UrpfukhdJ vd;gijf; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ‘]j;uk;’
vd;gJ fw;wwpe;jth;fs; xd;W $br; nra;Ak; xU tpjkhd
Nts;tp. (mg;aa vd;Dk; mj;jpahaj;ijg; ghh;f;fTk;)
ey;ytw;iwg; ghJfhg;gth; vd;Wk; ]j;uk; vd;fpw thh;j;ijf;Fg;
nghUs; fhz;gh;.
(]j: j;uhaNj ,jp ]j;uk; - Mjprq;fuh;)
,g;nghOJ gP\;khpd; gilg;gpYs;s mUe;jpwid ehk;
fhzyhk;. Kjypy; jh;kKk;> af;QKk; jd; tYtpNyNa
epw;gjw;fhd xUthh;j;ijia cUthf;fpdhh;. ,uz;lhtjhf
jh;kj;ij af;Qj;jpd; fl;baf; Nfhyhf;fpdhh;. %d;whtjhf
af;Qk; jh;kk; ,uz;ilAk; gw;wpg; NgRtjw;fhf
xUthh;j;ijiaf; nfhz;Lte;jhh;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 120 -
(d)k`hf;UJ: k`ha[;th: k`haf;Q: k`h`tp:
(680 - 683)
k`haf;Q: tpw;F Mjprq;fuh; ‘af;Qhdhk; [gaf;NQh];kp ”
(fPij 10-25)
vd;fpw fPijapd; thpfis Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;Lfpwhh;. (,q;F
Mjprq;fuh;> gP\;khpd;> vjph;tUk; thh;j;ijfshfpa ];jt;a:
];jtg;hpa: -];Njhjh vd;fpw thpfis Kd;Dzh;fpwhh;).
,it =fpU\;zhpd; thh;j;ijfs;. fPijapy; =fpU\;zhpd;
mwptpg;igg; ghuhl;L Kfj;jhd;. gP\;kh; ,q;F> Kd;Ng
nrhd;dgbf;F> af;Q:tpd; Kf;aj;Jtj;ijg; ngw;Ws;s xU
thh;j;ijfspd; $l;lj;ij itj;Jtpl;L ];jt;a: ];jtg;hpa:
];Njhj;uk; ];Jjp: ];Njhjh vd;fpw thh;j;ijfspd; nfhj;ij>
fPjhrhhpadpd; ‘af;Qhehk; [gaf;; NQh];kp” vd;Dk; thpfspd;
ghuj;ijr; Rkf;Fk;tpjkhf mLj;jLj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;Nl
Nghfpwhh;.
NtNwhh; ,lj;jpy; ‘mj;itj’ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy;
];jt;a: tpypUe;J G+uapjh tiuapy; xU nghJf;fUj;J
cUntLg;gJ gw;wpa tpsf;fk; tUfpwJ vd;gijAk; ftdj;jpy;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,e;jf; fUj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; jh;kj;ij ,wf;Fkjp
nra;Ak; thh;j;ijfshf Gz;a: Gz;afPh;j;jp: mehka:
mfpatw;iwg; ghh;f;fyhk;. t;U\h`piag; gw;wpg; NgrpaNghJ
Gz;zpak;jhd; jh;kk; vd;gij Vw;fdNt Mjprq;fuhpd; t;U\:
jh;k: Gz;ak; vd;fpw thpfis Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;bj;
njspthf;fpapUf;fpNwhk;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 121 -
(e)
`tp: (703)
t]{: t]{keh: `tp: ]j;fjp: ]j;f;Ujp:
t]{keh: Tf;Fk; ]j;fjpf;Fk; eLNt ,e;j thh;j;ij
Ntypahf mike;jpUf;fpwJ. gfthDf;Fg; gilayhf (`tp)
my;yJ ieNtj;jpakhf nghpa Nkd;ikahd vz;zq;fNs
mikfpd;wd vd;gij t]{keh: nrhy;fpwJ. `tp: f;F
mLj;Js;s thh;j;ijfshd ]j;fjp: ]j;f;Ujp: Mfpait
kPz;Lk; ew;gz;G ed;dlj;ij Mfpatw;iw typAWj;JfpwJ.
NtW tpjkhfr; nrhy;tjhdhy; ngUe;jd;ikahd
vz;zq;fSk; nray;fSNk gfthDf;F ieNtj;jpaq;fshf
mikfpd;wd. ,g;nghOJ ehk; xU rq;fpyp Nghy; mike;Js;s
jlj;jpy; nrd;W ghh;g;Nghk;. Ke;ija gphptpy; k`h`tp-jhd;
filrp thh;j;ij. mLj;jLj;J itf;fg;gLk; thh;j;ijfspd;
gphptpy; ]Njhj;uk;> ];Jjp: Mfpait k`h`tp-f;fhf
epw;fpd;wd.
,dp af;Q : tpw;fhd mLj;j tpsf;fj;jpy;> Ke;ija
k`h`tp: `tp : vd;Dk; cUtpy; NkYk; tpsf;fj;jpw;fhf
itf;fg;gLfpwJ. me;j tpsf;fk; t]{keh: ]j;fjp: ]j;f;Ujp:
Mfpa %d;W thh;j;ijfshy; njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,Wjpapy;
ehk; fPo;f; fz;lthW mh;j;jq;fis rkg;gLj;jyhk;.
1. k`h`tp: = ];Njhj;uk; + ];Jjp:
2. `tp: = t]{keh: + ]j;fjp: + ]j;f;Ujp:
3. k`h`tp: = `tp:
4. ];Njhj;uk; + ];Jjp = = t]{keh: + ]j;fjp: +
]j;f;Ujp.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 122 -
,Wjpapy; tp];Z]`];uehkk; vd;d nrhy;y
tUfpwnjd;why; ey;y vz;zq;fSk;> ey;y nray;fSNk
];Njhj;uk;> ];Jjpfshfp gfthid topgLk; Kiwfshfpd;wd.
(f)
`{jgpf;; (803 - 889)
,g;nghOJ ehd; thrfh;fspd; KO <Lghl;ilAk;
NfhUfpNwd;. Vnddpy;> Kjypy; tpsf;fq;fs; nfhQ;rk;
ePz;ljhf> Vd; rpukkhdjhff; $lj; Njhd;wyhk;. ,e;j top
Rw;W topahf> tprhhpj;Jr; nry;y Ntz;ba topahf>
jpUk;gj;jpUk;g tUk; topahf> ehk; Js;sp eil
Nghl;Lr;nry;Yk; cw;rhf topahfnty;yhk; mikaf; $Lk;.
MdhYk; ,e;j eilg;gapw;rp ed;ikaspf;ff; $bajhfj;jhd;
,Uf;Fk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.
`{jGf; tpG : `{jGf; Nghf;jh vd;fpw nghUs;
nghjpe;j thh;j;ijfSld; ,uz;L ,lq;fspy; `{jGf;
Njhd;WfpwJ. ,e;j thh;j;ijfSld; ehk; tise;J tise;J
nry;Yk; re;J nghe;Jfspd; topahf> ]`];uehkh fhl;Lk;
topapy; gazpj;jhf Ntz;Lk;. tpG: vd;Dk; thh;j;ij ,q;F
,uz;lhtJ Kiwahfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. Kjy; Njhw;wk;
tp];tj;Uf; tp];tGf; tpG`{ vd;fpw nrhw;nwhlhpy; tUfpwJ
(241). jd;Dld; njhlh;Gs;s cz;ikahd vz;zq;fis tpG:
,ay;ghfNt Rke;J tUfpwJ - mJ ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahfj;
Njhd;Wk;NghJ> Mjprq;fuh; tpG: it `puz;afh;ghjp&Ngz
tptpjk; gtjPjp tpG: vd;W tpsf;Ffpwhh;. `puz;afh;g:
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 123 -
thfTk; kw;Wk; ,ju ];t&gq; fshfTk;> gfthd; kpfg;gy
cUtq;fisg; ngWfpwhh;. Ngh[dk; Nghf;jh(144-145)thfTk;>
]hPhp g+jg;Uj; Nghf;jh (501>502) thfTk; Nghf;jh ,jw;F Kd;
,UKiw Njhd;wpapUf;fpwhh;. ,g;nghOJ `{jGf;-fpd;
cz;ikahd Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mDkhdpg;gjw;F>
rpjwpf;fplf;Fk;> tp];tGf;tpG: Ngh[ek;Nghf;jh> ]hPhp G+jg;Uj;
Nghf;jh Mfpa ,e;j vy;yh thh;j;ijfisAk; jpul;b Muha
Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. ,e;j xd;whf;fp tYg;gLj;jg;gl;l thp>
jiyik jhq;Fk; thh;j;ijahd tp];tk;> i`];uehkhtpd;
rhuj;ij vg;gb tp];tGf;fpy; Nrh;f;fpwJ; tpG: tpd; NtWgl;l
Njhw;wq;fisg; gfthd; vg;gb mDgtpf;fpwhh; vd;gij
nay;yhk; tpthpf;fpwJ. Ngh[dk; Nghf;jhthf> ]hPhp G+jg;Uj;
Nghf;jh thf gfthdpd; mDgtk; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.
kPz;Lk; utp: ahf fhw;iw tbf;fpwhh; : tpNuhre : thfr;
Ritf;fpwhh;. njhlUk; `{jGf; tpG : mth; vg;gb tp];tGf;
Mf kpfg;gy cUtq;fs; ngw;W mDgtpj;J kfpo;fpwhh;
vd;gij tpthpf;fpwJ. `{jGf;Fld;> tp];tGf;if milahsk;
fhz;gjw;fhfNt tpG: Tld; `{jGf;ifAk; Njhd;wr; nra;J
Nghf;jhitAk; ,e;j ,uz;L ,lq;fspYk; cld;
itj;jpUf;fpwhh;. ,e;j ,uz;L ,lq;fspYk; `{jGf; jd;idf;
fhl;bf;nfhs;tjhy;> Nts;tpapd; gaid Efh;Nthh;> Nts;tpia
vy;yh caphpdq;fspYk; Mj;k];t&gpahf ,Ue;J
mDgtpg;Nghh; Mfpath;fspilNa ,e;jr; #lhd rh;r;ir
Fsph; epiyia milfpwJ. gP\;kh; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ]hPhp G+jg;Uj;
Nghf;jhTld; `{jGf;ifr; rkkhf itg;gjhy;> rhjhuz
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 124 -
Nts;tpia Mj;k af;Q: vd;fpw NfhGuj;jpd; cr;rpf;Nf
cah;j;jp tpLfpwhh;.
gP\;kh; ]`];uehkhtpy; vq;nfq;nfy;yhk; miye;J
jphpe;jhYk;> mth; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l Kf;fpa tp\ak; vd;fpw
E}ypioahfpw Nfhh;it jUk; rh;r;irapypUe;J ntspNa
tUtNj ,y;iy. vdNt tpG : it gP\;kh; ,e;j ehlfj;jpd;
gpujhd ebfuhfj; Njh;e;njLj;J> jh;kj;jpd; ghuj;ijr; Rkf;f
itj;J> ,e;j Neuj;jpy; af;Q: Tld; `{jGf;ifj; Jiz
Nrh;f;fpwhh;. gfthdhfpa tpG: Nkilapy; jdJ Kjy;
Njhw;wj;ijj; njhlh;e;J ]j;fh;j;jh ]j;f;Ujp: ]hJ: thfp
jh;kj;ij epiyepWj;Jfpwhh;. (tp];tj;Uf;> tp];tGf; tpG:
]j;fh;j;jh ]j;f;Uj : ]hJ: )
(g)
af;Q : af;Qgjp : ……. af;QF ;̀ak ;; (971-982)
,e;j kpf ePskhd> af;Qj;ijj; jOtpr; nry;Yk; ,Wjpg;
gphptpy; af;Q:itg;gw;wpa kiwe;jpUf;Fk; (af;QF ;̀ak;)
vz;zj;ij Mjprq;fuh; jd;Dila Iae;jphpG ,y;yhj eP&w;W
Nghd;w fUg;nghUisg; gw;wpa tpsf;fj;jhy; ntspf;
nfhzh;fpwhh;. gydpy; gw;wpy;yhky; nra;Ak; fhhpak; af;Qj;jpd;
gyidf; nfhLj;J tpLk;. (gyhgp]k; f;u`pNjh th af;Q : )
vd;gJ Mjprq;fuhpd; cWjpahd epiyg;ghL. NkYk;
,e;jg;gphpT ,e;j thh;j;ijfspD}Nl> jh;kj;jpd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijr; nrhy;tjw;fhf gP\;kuhy; cUthf;fg; gl;lJ.
]gpjh g;ugpjhk`: kw;Wk; md;dk; md;dhj : Mfpait
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 125 -
,e;jg; gphptpd; milg;Gf; Fwpfshff; fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Ke;ijaJ khj;U NjNthgt> gpj;U NjNthgt> Mr;rhh;a
NjNthgt vd;gjidAk;> gpe;ijaJ mjpjp NjNthgt
vd;gjidAk; giw rhw;Wfpd;wd. ,it vd;Wk;
epiyj;jpUf;Fk; Ntjq;fspd; Kd;dwptpf;iffshFk;.
(h)
]pgptp\;l : (274)
vLj;Jf;nfhz;l ,e;jf;fU my;yJ tp\aj;Jld;
]pgptp\;l : vg;gbg; nghUe;jp tUk; vd;W Nfl;ff; $ba
thrfh;fspd; tpkhprdq;fspypUe;J ehd; jg;g KbahJ.
re;NjfNk ,y;yhky; af;Qj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mJ
ngw;NwapUf;fpwJ (]pga: g]t: Nj\{ tp]jp g;ujp\;lhjp
af;Q&NgNzjp ]pgptp\;l:). Mdhy; Ngnuhspiaj; jUk;
kpfr;rpwe;j thh;j;ijfshd g;ufh]e: X[: Nj[: j;Ajpju:
g;ufh]hj;kh g;uhjhge: thf ,e;j thh;j;ij fpistpLtjhy;
Mjprq;fuh; mspf;Fk; ]pgnas u];ka : Nj\{ eptp\;l ,jpth
]pgptp\;l : vd;fpw nrhw;nwhliu khw;whfg; gad;gLj;jp>
]pgptp\;l: itr; #hpa gfthDld; Nrh;j;J tplyhNkh vd;Wk;
Njhd;WfpwJ. kpf Nkyhd thh;j;ijahd g;ujhge: ,e;jr;
nraYf;F mq;fPfhuk; mspf;fpwJ.
]tpj;uhjp tpG+jpgp: tp];tk; g;ujhgajp g;ujhge: -
Mjprq;fuh;.
Nkw;fz;l thjj;jpw;F Kw;wpYk; Gwk;ghf ]pgptp\;l:
af;Q: tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijj;jhd; epiy epWj;JfpwJ vd;W
ehd; nrhy;yNtz;Lnkd;why; g;ujhge: Tf;F mLj;jjhf
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 126 -
tUk; Uj;u: itf; nfhz;L te;J af;Q: tpy; jh;kj;ijf;
fhz;gij epiyepWj;jp> ehd; vLj;Jf;nfhz;l
tp\aj;jpypUe;J eOTfpNwd; vd;fpw tpkhprdj;ijj; jtph;j;J
tpLNtd;.
jh;k ituhf;ahjpgp : cNgjj;thj; Uj;u : Mjprq;fuh;.
,g;gbahf tp\;Z i`];uehkhtpy; vq;nfq;nfy;yhk;
af;Q: tUfpwNjh mq;nfy;yhk; fz;zh%r;rpahb> Js;spf;
Fjpj;J tpisahbg; gpd; fisj;jhYk;> jh;kj;jpd; topia
tpl;L mJ tpyFtNj ,y;iy.
nrhy; Neh;j;jpa-,ypUe;J g - tiu VO gphpTfspy; af;Q :
tpthpf;fg; gl;bUf;fpwJ.
gphpT (a) ,y; jh;kKk;> af;QKk; gpd;dpg;gpize;jpUf;fpd;wd.
(b) ,y; jh;kk; gphpfpwJ.
(c) ,y; ,e;jg; gphpT KbtilfpwJ.
(d) ,y; ,iz Nfhlhfr; nry;fpwJ
(e) ,y; af;Q: ikag;nghUshfpwJ
(f) ,y; jh;kk; kiwe;J ,q;F kq;Fkhf tputpf; fplf;fpwJ.
,Wjpg; gphpthd (g) ,y; fjfjg;ghfj; jh;kk; af;Qj;ij
mizj;Jf; nfhs;fpwJ.
af;Q: itg;gw;wp NgRk;NghJ $l gP\;kh; xU xOq;fhd>
Kiwahd topiag; gpd;gw;WtJ njhpfpwJ.
af;Qitg;gw;wpa Kjy; njhFg;gpd; (c) Kjy; thh;j;ij
af;Q: filrp thh;j;ij f;uJ-thfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 127 -
,uz;lhtJ njhFg;ghd (d),y; Kjy; njhFg;gpd; filrp
thh;j;ijapypUe;J Muk;gpg;gijg; Nghy Kjy;thh;j;ij
k`hf;uJ-thfTk; ,Wjp th;j;ijahf k`h`tp-Ak;
Njhd;Wfpd;wd.
mLj;j tpsf;fkhd (e) ,y; Ke;ija njhFg;gpd; ,Wjp
thh;j;ijahd k`h`tpapypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;l `tp: Kjy;
thh;j;ijahfp ekJ ftdj;ij <h;f;fpwJ.
,Jtiu tpthpf;fg;gl;l af;Q:tpd; ,e;j Ie;J
gphpTfspy; xd;W $l Nghf;j: tpd; Njhw;wj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl
tpy;iy. `tp: apd; Nghf;jh ahh; vd;gJ ,e;jg;gphpTfspy;
tpsf;fg;gltpy;iy.
,g;nghOJ gP\;kh; ]`];uehkhtpd; me;jr; rpf;fyhd
Rw;Wg;ghijapy; Eioe;J (f) ,q;Fkq;Fk; Njbaiye;J>
`;Ujaf;Fifapy; kiwe;jpUf;Fk; `{jGf;jhd; `tp: apd;
Nghf;jh vd;gijf; fz;Lgpbj;J tpLfpwhh;. gP\;khpd; ,e;j
tpjkhd NjLjy;ghzpia itj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; ,e;jg; gphptpy;
`{jGf; J}ttplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ my;yJ fjk;gkhf(f)
,Uf;fpwJ. af;Q : itg;gw;wpa ,Wjpg;gphpT (g)
kpfTk; ePskhdjhf>
12 thh;j;ijfs; nfhz;ljhf>
J}tg;gl;l kyh;fspypUe;J njhLf;fg;gl;l KOg;ghpkhzkhf>
jh;kj;jhy; KOikahfg; ghJfhf;fg;;gl;ljhf> Kbthff;
$wg;gl;l KOj; Njhw;wj;jpd; tbthf tpsq;FfpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 128 -
gpd; Fwpg;G :
af;Q: it ,e;j Ie;J gphpTfspYk; tpsf;Fk; nkhj;j
thh;j;ijfspd; vz;zpf;if 12.
mNj Nghy ,e;jg; gphptpd; ,Wjp thh;j;ijfSk;
12-jhd;. 12 ehl;fs; eilngWk; Nts;tp (af;Q: ) apd; tbtkhf
af;Q: itg;gw;wpa Kjy; thh;j;ijahd t;U\h P̀Ak;
mike;Jtpl;bUf;fpwJ vd;gij ,j;jUzj;jpy; epidT
$Wq;fs;.
ml;ltiz 1 ml;ltiz 2
1. t;U\h`P 1. af;Q:
2. k`hkf : 2. af;Qgjp :
3. af;Q: 3. a[;th
4. ,[;a : 4. af;Qhq;f :
5. kN`[;a : 5. af;Q th`e :
6. f;uJ : 6. af;Qg;Uj;
7. k`hf;uJ : 7. af;Qf;Uj;
8. k`ha[;th 8. af;QP
9. k`haf;Q : 9. af;QGf;
10. k`h`tp : 10. af;Q]hje :
11. `tp : 11. af;Qhe;jf;Uj;
12. `{jGf; 12. af;QF\;ak;
(Kjy; ghfk; epiwT)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 129 -
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; - 130 -
E}yhrphpah; gw;wp. . . . .
‘tR=” vd;fpw Dr. K.[dhh;jdd; Nfhitkhtl;lk;> gy;ylj;jpy; kUj;Jtf;FLk;gj;jpy;19.7.1939-k; Njjpapy; gpwe;jhh;. ngw;Nwhh;fs;je;ijahh; Dr.fpU\;zhuht;> jhahh; ehfkzprk];f;Ujk;> ghl;L> ,ir kw;Wk; Md;kpf,yf;fpaq;fspYk;; <LghL kpf;fth;fs;.
jQ;ir kUj;Jtf;fy;Y}hpapy; lhf;lh; gl;lk; ngw;w ,th;> 1967-y;kJiu nts;sY}h; Muk;g Rfhjhu epiyaj;jpy; gzpahw;wp fpuhkg;Gwkf;fSf;F jdJ kUj;Jt Nritia njhlq;fpdhh;.
jpUney;Ntyp kUj;Jtf;fy;Y}apy;> njhw;WNeha; kUj;Jtj;jpy;MrphpauhfTk;>
jpUr;rp ,uh[h[p fhrNeha; rhdpl;Nlhhpaj;jpy; rpwg;G kUj;JtuhfTk;gzpahw;wpdhh;.
1970-Kjy; NkhfD}h;> Nryk; $l;LwT rh;f;fiu Miyapy; MiykUj;Jt mjpfhhpahf gzpahw;wp Xa;T ngw;Wk;> Miy Copah;fspd;Ntz;LNfhis Vw;W njhlh;e;J Miy kUj;Jt MNyhrfuhfgzpGhpe;J tUfpwhh;. Miy rpj;jp tpehafh; Myaj;jpd; FlKOf;Ftpohit jiyikNaw;W ntw;wpfukhf elj;jpdhh;.
Miyapy; gzpGhpe;j fhyj;jpy; ,irf;FOit elj;jp te;j ,th;>,e;jpa jpiug;glr; rq;fq;fspd; $l;likg;gpy; (Federation of FilmSocieties of India) ,izf;fg;ngw;w NkhfD}h; rpdp f;sg;ig (MohanurCine Club) 17 tUlq;fshf elj;jpaJld; mjd; mfpy ,e;jpajpiug;gl rq;fq;fspd; khehl;il NkhfD}hpy; elj;jpdhh;.
vOj;J> thrpj;jy;> nld;dp];> nghOJNghf;Ffs;. gftj;fPijapd;vspa ciuia mj;jpaha thpirapy; vOjp ntspapl;L tUfpwhh;.
jd;dyk; fUjhJ Nrit Nehf;Fld; Xa;tpd;wp fle;j44 Mz;Lfshf kUj;JNritia Xh; fh;kNahfkhfNt nra;JtUk;‘kpy; lhf;lh;” vd;W kf;fshy; miof;fg;gLk; ,e;j 72taJ,isQUf;F cw;w cWJizahf jpUkjp.Nfhkjp vd;fpwJiztpahUk;> tsh;g;Gf; Foe;ijfshf =jh; vd;fpw kfDk;> tRjhvd;fpw kfSk; cs;sdh;.
cyfpy; ,d;Wk; Viovspa kf;fSf;F kpfkpff; Fiwe;j fl;lzj;jpy;kUj;Jt Nrit nra;J tUk; lhf;lh;fspy; xUtuhd ,th;> ,d;Wk;kUj;Jt rpfpr;irf;fhf tUk; kf;fis ,d;Kfj;Jld; tuNtw;Fk;epfo;it ehkf;fy; khtl;lk; NkhfD}hpy; te;jhy; ghh;f;fyhk;.
