An agency of the Government of Ontario Population Characteristics, PSE Attainment and Labour Market Outcomes in Ontario Presentation to CUPA June 23, 2009

An agency of the Government of Ontario

Population Characteristics, PSE Attainment and Labour Market

Outcomes in Ontario

Presentation to CUPA

June 23, 2009

Framework

Immigrant

Population

Under-represented groups:

•First/Second generation

•Aboriginals

•Francophone

•Visible minorities

•People with disabilities

Demographic Characteristics:

•Gender

•Age

•Mother Tongue

PSE Section Human Capital Labour Market

•Highest educational attainment

•Field of study

•Location of study

•Accessibility

•Participation

•System design

•Educational Quality

•Accountability

•Retention / Dropout

•Labour force activity (employed/ unemployed)

•Work activity (full-time/part-time)

•Occupation

•Income

Non-immigrant Population

Data from 2006 census

• Population characteristics • Age, gender, immigration status, Aboriginal identity, etc

• Highest educational attainment • Location of study• Field of study• Labour force activity• Work activity• Occupations• Employment income

• For Canada and Ontario

• Cross-tab possibilities daunting!

Objective for today

• Illustrate HEQCO work with some preliminary data for Aboriginals and immigrants

• Profiles for highest educational attainment• Educational attainment is a proxy for human capital • If significant differences, suggests further work on determinants of PSE

participation and retention decisions

• Profiles of employment income by educational credential• Income is a proxy for productivity of human capital• If significant differences, need to examine why these vary among

population groups

Benchmarks

• Compare each group to rest of Ontario population • Compare relative situation for each

group in Ontario to that for counterparts in rest of Canada (ROC)

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: ABORIGINALS

Aboriginals in Ontario are more likely than non-Aboriginals to report less than high school as highest educational attainment, and less likely to report PSE• Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of less than high school certificate, high school certificate and

total PSE, Ontario, population aged 20-64

Less than high school High school Total PSE0

1

2

Although the profile is less skewed in Ontario than in ROC• Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of less than high school certificate, high

school certificate and total PSE, population aged 20-64


1

Aboriginals in Ontario are more likely than non-Aboriginals to report trades (especially) and apprenticeship as highest educational attainment • Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of trades certificate and registered apprenticeship, Ontario,

population aged 20-64

Trades certificate Registered apprenticeship0

1

The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal ratios are higher in Ontario than in ROC, especially for trades • Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of trades certificate and registered

apprenticeship, population aged 20-64


1

Aboriginals in Ontario more likely than non-Aboriginals to report college as highest educational attainment for shorter programs and less like for longer ones• Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of college diplomas, Ontario, population aged 20-64

Total College or CEGEP College (3m-1yr) College (1yr-2yrs) College (2yrs+)0

1

The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginals ratios for college are higher in Ontario than in ROC, especially for longer programs

• Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of college diplomas, population aged 20-64


1

Aboriginals in Ontario are significantly less likely than non-Aboriginals to report university as highest educational attainment• Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of university degrees, Ontario, population aged 20-64

Total universi

ty (bach

elor's and above)

Bachelor (

including LL

.B.)

University above bach

elor

Master

Medicine

Earned docto

rate0

0.050.1

0.150.2

0.250.3

0.350.4

0.45

The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal ratios in Ontario for university reflect those in ROC, although they are higher for more advanced credentials• Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of university degrees, population aged

20-64

0

1

AVERAGE INCOME FROM EMPLOYMENT: ABORIGINALS

Aboriginals in Ontario have lower average income from employment than non-Aboriginals, particularly those with PSE credentials • Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for less than high school

certificate, high school certificate and total PSE, Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15

Less than high school High school Total PSE0.5

1

The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal ratios in Ontario are similar to those in ROC, except for PSE where relative average earnings are lower • Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for less

than high school certificate, high school certificate and total PSE, population with employment income aged over 15


1

Aboriginals in Ontario with trades and apprenticeship credentials have lower average income from employment than non-Aboriginals• Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for trades certificate and

registered apprenticeship, Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15

Trades certificate Registered apprenticeship0.5

1

The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal ratio for trades is lower in Ontario than in ROC, but is similar for apprenticeships

• Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for trades certificate and registered apprenticeship, population with employment income aged over 15


1

Aboriginals in Ontario with college credentials have lower average income from employment than non-Aboriginals • Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for college diplomas, Ontario,

population with employment income aged over 15

Total College or CEGEP College (3m-1yr) College (1yr-2yrs) College (2yrs+)0.5

1

The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal ratio for short college programs in Ontario is higher than in ROC but lower for longer programs

• Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for college diplomas, population with employment income aged over 15


1

Aboriginals in Ontario with university credentials have lower average income from employment than non-Aboriginals• Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for university degrees,

Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15

Total universi

ty (bach

elor's and above)

Bachelor (

including LL

.B.)


elor

Master

Medicine

Earned docto

rate0

1

The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal ratios for university are lower in Ontario than in ROC for all but doctorates

• Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for university degrees, population with employment income aged over 15

Total universi

ty (bach

elor's and above)

Bachelor (

including LL

.B.)


elor

Master

Medicine

Earned docto

rate0.5

1

Summary of highest educational attainment and relative earnings for Aboriginals (ratios compared to 1)

Credential Type Highest Educational Attainment Relative Earnings

Aboriginals/non-Aboriginals

Ontario/ROC of Aboriginals/non-Aboriginals

Aboriginals/non-Aboriginals

Ontario/ROC of Aboriginals/non-Aboriginals

Less than high school

> < < ≈

High school ≈ ≈ < ≈

Trades certificate > > < <

Registered apprenticeship

≈ > < ≈

Total College ≈ > < ≈

Total University < ≈ < ≈

For further investigation • Aboriginal relative to non-Aboriginal educational

attainment in Ontario reflects or even exceeds that in ROC

• Aboriginal relative to non-Aboriginal average income from employment in Ontario for college and university credentials generally lags that in ROC

• Next steps are to explore differences by further disaggregation of data• Age, gender, geography, etc• Fields of study, occupation, employment status, etc

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: IMMIGRANTS

Immigrants in Ontario are more likely than non-immigrants to report less than high school as highest educational attainment, and somewhat more likely to report PSE credentials

• Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of less than high school certificate, high school certificate and total PSE, Ontario, population aged 20-64


1

The immigrant/non-immigrant ratio for less-than-high-school is higher in Ontario than ROC and similar in other categories• Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of less than high school certificate, high

school certificate and total PSE credentials, population aged 20-64


1

Immigrants in Ontario are less likely than non-immigrants to report trades and apprenticeship as highest educational attainment • Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of trades certificate and registered apprenticeship, Ontario,

population aged 20-64


1

The immigrant/non-immigrant ratios for trades and apprenticeships are higher in Ontario than ROC• Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of trades certificate and registered

apprenticeship, population aged 20-64


1

Immigrants in Ontario are much less likely than non-immigrants to report college as highest educational for shorter programs and nearly equal likely for longer ones • Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of college diplomas, Ontario, population aged 20-64


1

The immigrant/non-immigrant ratios for college are lower in Ontario than ROC for shorter programs and similar for longer ones• Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of college diplomas, population aged

20-64


1

Immigrants in Ontario are more likely than non-immigrants to report university as highest educational attainment, especially in advanced degrees

• Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of university degrees, Ontario, population aged 20-64

Total universi

ty (bach

elor's and above)

Bachelor (

including LL

.B.)


elor

Master

Medicine

Earned docto

rate0

1

2

3

The immigrant/non-immigrant ratios for university are lower in Ontario than in ROC for all credentials• Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of university degrees, population aged

20-64

Total universi

ty (bach

elor's and above)

Bachelor (

including LL

.B.)


elor

Master

Medicine

Earned docto

rate0

1

AVERAGE INCOME FROM EMPLOYMENT: IMMIGRANTS

Immigrants in Ontario with less than high school earn more average income from employment than non-immigrants, while the opposite is true for high school and PSE graduates• Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for less than high school

certificate, high school certificate and total PSE, Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15


1

The immigrant/non-immigrant average income ratios for no PSE are higher in Ontario than ROC and lower for PSE • Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for less

than high school certificate, high school certificate and total PSE, population with employment income aged over 15


1

Immigrants in Ontario with trade and apprenticeship credentials earn less average income from employment than non-immigrants• Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for trades certificate and

registered apprenticeship, Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15


1

The immigrant/non-immigrant average income ratios for trades and apprenticeship in Ontario are similar to those in ROC

• Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for trades certificate and registered apprenticeship, population with employment income aged over 15


1

Immigrants in Ontario with college credentials earn less average income from employment than non-immigrants and this ratio decreases as program length increases • Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for college diplomas,

Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15


1

The immigrant/non-immigrant average income ratios for college in Ontario are similar to those in ROC • Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for

college diplomas, population with employment income aged over 15


1

Immigrants in Ontario with university credentials earn significantly less average income from employment than non-immigrants

• Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for university degrees, Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15

0.5

1

With one exception, the immigrant/non-immigrant average income ratios for university in Ontario are lower than ROC• Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for

university degrees, population with employment income aged over 15

Total universi

ty (bach

elor's and above)

Bachelor (

including LL

.B.)


elor

Master

Medicine

Earned docto

rate0.5

1

Summary of highest educational attainment and relative earnings for immigrants (ratios compared to 1)

Credential Type Highest Educational Attainment Relative Earnings

Immigrants/non-immigrants

Ontario/ROC of immigrants/non-immigrants

Immigrants/non-immigrants

Ontario/ROC of immigrants/non-immigrants

Less than high school

≈ > > >

High school < ≈ < >

Trades certificate < > < ≈

Registered apprenticeship

< > < ≈

Total College < < < ≈

Total University > < < <

For further investigation

• Immigrant relative to non-immigrant educational attainment in Ontario falls short of that in ROC

• Immigrant relative to non-immigrant average earnings from employment in Ontario are lower than in ROC for longer college programs and for all but one university credential

• Next steps are to explore differences by further disaggregation of data• Age, gender, geography, etc• location of study, field of study, occupation, employment

status, etc

Thank you

Documents

An agency of the Government of Ontario Population Characteristics, PSE Attainment and Labour Market Outcomes in Ontario Presentation to CUPA June 23, 2009