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MARCH 31, 2010

POLICE OFFICERSHONORED

THE DOUGHBOYSOF WORLD WAR I

24 DRESSESFIRST LADIES GOWNS

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THE DOUGHBOYSOF WORLD WAR I

4624 DRESSESFIRST LADIES GOWNS8

PAPPY BOYINGTONAND THE BLACK SHEEP

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POLICEOFFICERSHONORED1012

THIS WEEK INAMERICAN HISTORY

QUOTE OF THE WEEK

15

AMERICA’S FUN FOODSCHINESE-AMERICAN

CUISINE

4 AMERICAN PATRIOT

THE DOUGHBOYSOF WORLD WAR I

AMERICAN PATRIOT 5

The hero of this story was Major General John

J. Pershing. In May 1917, Pershing, whom

Wilson had selected to command American

land forces abroad, received orders to proceed

with his staff to France to assess the situation.

Shortly after his arrival, Pershing cabled theWar

Department that it should send at least one

million men to France by the following May

and that war plans should be based on a force

ultimately amounting to millions more.

The official name of Pershing’s rapidly mobi-

lized army was the American Expeditionary

Force. But they were nicknamed the Dough-

boys. Before this, the colloquialism had applied

only to infantryman, but at some point between

April 1917 and November 1918 the word ex-

panded to include the whole American armed

forces. It was not meant to be derogatory, as

the troops embraced and accepted it. The ori-

gins of the term are fuzzy but the derivation is

thought come from either to the making and

eating of doughnuts or to an earlier term for

apprentices used in both the English and

American armies.

In any event, the U.S. Army was ready to

make an impact by mid-1918. By this time, the

American Expeditionary Forces had evolved

into amodern, combat-tested army. Many future

leaders, including George Patton and Douglas

MacArthur, were Doughboys. In the spring and

summer, a series of powerful German offensives

threatened to defeat the Allies. In the crisis,

Pershing placed the entire resources of the

American Expeditionary Forces at the disposal

of the Allied High Command. The Americans

played a key role in stopping the German ad-

vance on Paris near Château-Thierry, and in

leading a counterattack which proved to be

the turning point of the war. A couple of months

of intense fighting later, the Armistice was

signed. More than 1.2 million American sol-

diers had tasted battle.

Congress and the American public immedi-

ately turned their attention to bringing the

troops home. By the end of August 1919, the

last American division had embarked for

home, leaving only a small force in occupied

Germany. In September, Pershing and his staff

sailed for home, too, ending the venture but

proving that America was able to project its

power, militarily and otherwise, overseas.

For many reasons, the U.S. came late to World War I. When we declaredwar on Germany at the behest of President Woodrow, the country founditself without an effectivemodern fighting force capable of offensive action.Some 18 months later, two million Americans had been transported toEurope in a great feat of supply and training.

WATCH FILM CLIPS OF THEDOUGHBOYS ARRIVING IN EUROPE

6 AMERICAN PATRIOT

24 DRESSESFIRST LADIES GOWNS

PHOTOGRAPH: HUGH TALMAN, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

The gown appears in a new gallery just added

this month to the museum’s “First Ladies at

the Smithsonian” exhibition. This new gallery

includes 11 gowns worn by first ladies from

Mamie Eisenhower to Michelle Obama. Com-

bined with the original gallery, the First

Ladies exhibition now features a total of 24

dresses and more than 100 other objects.

These include portraits, White House china,

personal possessions and related objects.

For nearly a century, the First Ladies Collec-

tion has been one of the most popular attrac-

tions at the Smithsonian Institution. Among

the other gowns that can be seen are those

worn by Grace Coolidge, Jackie Kennedy,

Eleanor Roosevelt, and Helen Taft.

To bring the exhibit up to modern times, the

new gallery focuses sharply on the First Lady's

contribution to the presidency and American

society, to the public interest and media

coverage of the first ladies’ “debut” during

inaugurations, and includes contemporary

accounts of first impressions of each woman

and the role she might play in the White

House. Also included are watercolor sketches

of 14 gowns from the collection.

AMERICAN PATRIOT 7

CLICK HERE TO SEE AN ONLINEEXHIBIT OF THE GOWNS

The one-shoulder, white chiffon gown first ladyMichelle Obamawore to the

inaugural balls is now on display at the Smithsonian Institution's National

Museumof American History. In so doing, Mrs. Obama followed tradition by

donated the gown to the first ladies collection. Designed by James Wu of

New York, the beaded dress was a star attraction at 10 inaugural balls held

to celebrate President Barack Obama's swearing-in.

MICHELLE OBAMA AND JAMES WU INTHE NEW SMITHSONIAN GALLERY

PHOTOGRAPH: HUGH TALMAN, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

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8 AMERICAN PATRIOT

PAPPY BOYINGTONAND THE BLACK SHEEP

AMERICAN PATRIOT 9

Boyington was born in Coeur d’Alene ID in

1912. He graduated from high school in

Tacoma WA and from the University of Wash-

ington, where he graduated with a degree in

Aeronautical Engineering. After working for

Boeing, he entered the Marine Corps. A natural

flier, he was offered a posting with a fighter

group called the Flying Tigers. But when war

broke out between China and Japan in the late

1930s, he resigned his commission to fly

with the Chinese.

Upon America’s entry into World War II, he

returned to the Marines. As an experienced

fighter, he was thrown into the fray and even-

tually was asked to command a group of pilots

not yet ready to be assigned to a squadron —

The Black Sheep Squadron. Older than the

others, at 31, Pappy inspired the group and

it amassed a tremendous record of victories

against the Japanese. The squadron fought for

roughly three months, meeting the Japanese

over their territory, and destroying or damag-

ing more than 200 planes. The group produced

eight fighter aces with nearly 100 air-to-air

victories, sank several troop transports and

supply ships, destroyed many installations,

and generally caused turmoil. For their actions,

the original Black Sheep were awarded the

Presidential Unit Citation for extraordinary

heroism in action.

In 1944, Boyington was shot down over the

Pacific and captured. He spent nearly two

years as a POW, the duration of the war. After

the war, he was greeted as a hero. Already in

the pipeline for a Medal of Honor, he received

his when the war ended. It was presented in

person by Harry Truman and read, in part:

“Consistently outnumbered throughout suc-

cessive hazardous flights over heavily defended

hostile territory, Major Boyington struck at

the enemy with daring and courageous per-

sistence, leading his squadron into combat

with devastating results to Japanese shipping,

shore installations and aerial forces.”

The Black Sheep Squadron continues to serve

to this day, having deployed to the Korean War,

Vietnam War, Somalia, and, most recently,

against Al Quaeda. Boyington died in 1998

and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

WATCH AN INTERVIEW WITH PAPPYBOYINGTON AND ACTOR ROBERT CONRAD,WHO PLAYED HIM IN A TV SERIES

Gregory Boyington was one of America’s most daring and famous aviators.

Known asPappy, because hewas older thanmost those in his command, his

greatest famewas leading the so-called Black Sheep Squadron of pilots to

a stirring string of victories against the Japanese forces duringWorldWar II.

10 AMERICAN PATRIOT

SanAntonio PoliceOfficer PedroGarciasaved the life of a critically woundedofficer and helped rescue another in ashootout in the city's South Side lastSeptember. For his quick thinking anddaring action, Garciawas recently hon-ored as Police Officer of the Year byParadeMagazine and the InternationalAssociation of Chiefs of Police.

Officer Garcia and his partner were called to

the scene after a suspect opened fire on three

officers trying to arrest him for domestic violence.

After providing cover so another officer could be

rescued, Garcia dodged gunfire to reach Officer

Brandy Roell, 30, wounded with a gunshot to

the back. Hemmed in by a locked fence with

spikes on top, Garcia called to another officer

to ram the gate with a patrol car. Then, exposed

to fire, Garcia carried Roell over his shoulder

to a waiting patrol car.

He and 12 other officers were recently honored

at the Association’s convention in Denver. The

Police Service Awards were established in 1966

to focus attention on the dedicated men and

women of our nation’s police force. They are given

for specific acts of valor, consistent service

above and beyond the call of duty, development

of innovative programs and significant service

to the community apart from police work.

POLICE OFFICERS HONORED

DETECTIVEJOHN HAMLETTPolice DepartmentGreenville SC

Detective Hamlett successfully negotiatedwith a bank robber threatening to kill twohostages and himself.

OFFICERSTEPHEN T. GRIESERPolice DepartmentDublin GA

Patrolman Grieser has greatly reduced caraccidents in Georgia with programs, initia-tives and arrests.

IN ADDITION TO GARCIA, HERE ARE THE HONORABLE MENTIONS:

AMERICAN PATRIOT 11

AGENT RICHARD BIRCH AND AGENT DAVID WEEKSPolice Department. West Palm Beach, FL

The agents worked nonstop for months to solve the murder of a family of fourslain on the Florida Turnpike by a drug-trafficking organization.

SPECIAL AGENT KEITH BISHOPDrug Enforcement Administration, Houston TX

BIshop led a DEA strike force against the international drug-smuggling cartel;30 suspects were indicated.

CPL. JEFFREY D. SHRINERPolice Department, New Castle, DE

Cpl. Shriner conducted a year-and-a-half search spanning four states and fourcountries to help a local woman reclaim her children who had been abducted.

TROOPER KURT JOHNSONVirginia State Police, Richmond VA

Trooper Johnson crawled through the crumpled rear passenger door of a burn-ing vehicle to save a small girl wedged under the dashboard.

OFFICER LARRY MARREROPolice Department, Miami Beach FL

Officer Marrero solved a 10 year old murder in a so-called cold case.

SPECIAL AGENT MARVIN F. BURGOSU.S. Agency for International Development, Washington DC

His investigation saved taxpayers millions of dollars by revealing fraud amongcontractors in Afghanistan.

DETECTIVE KARLA F. HEINE AND DETECTIVE SGT. JUSTIN BARLOWPolice Department, Columbia, IL

The detectives built a case against a woman accused of attempting to drownher newborn child.

PATROL OFFICER JAMES SIMONE, Cleveland, OH, Division of Police (picture not available)

He is recognized for his brave rescue of a woman who fell through the ice on the Cuyahoga River.

AMERICA’S FUN FOODSCHINESE-AMERICAN CUISINE

12 AMERICAN PATRIOT

What many Americans do not know is just howfar back in history Chinese-American cuisinecan be traced. The hybrid cuisine can be tracedas early as the 1870's — predating the hotdogand hamburger by ten years, and the nationalboom of fast food chop suey restaurants tookplace a full three decades before McDonaldsstarted franchising.

When the Chinese first came to America, werecompelled by circumstances into kitchen work.As the Chinese spread out from west to east,the spread of Chop Suey — a derivation of“shap sui” or “odds and ends” — followed. Itwas the inventiveness of Chinese chefs, forcedto cook in their style but with American ingre-dients and for American tastes, that led to thecombination of bean sprouts, chicken gizzards,liver, beef tripe, dried fish, pork, chicken, onions,celery, bamboo shoots, and essentially what-ever else was available.

While chefs were cooking for the rail workers inthe Midwest, curious bohemians in New Yorkwere discovering the dish. Adventure-seekingpoets and writers would travel to lower Man-hattan to sample exotic Chinese dishes, andwrote enthusiastically about them. Before long,the East was peppered with Chop Suey houses.By the 1920's, Chop Suey was among the nation'smost popular dishes.

In the following decades, this simple dish wouldcede to the more diverse menu choices seentoday. The restaurant trade remains a bulwarkof economic opportunity for Chinese newcomers.On the whole, the cuisine known to Americans as“Chinese” has evolved to barely resemble tradi-tional Chinese cooking. Vegetables in particularare utilized quite differently; in the Chinese-American style, vegetables are essentially garnishrather than the central ingredient. Meat is mari-nated, spiced, and fried to maximize speed andcross-utilization in several dishes, unlike the slow-cook method of the Chinese. Some dishes arerelatively new. General Tso’s Chicken was inventedin the 1970s in New York. Egg Rolls are quiteold, but the American take is a recent creation.Egg Foo Young arose in the mid-20th centuryand then become extinct.

Culturally, Chinese-American cuisine has had amarked impact on American culture. The originsof the modern take out restaurant can be tracedto chop suey shacks as much as to burger stands.The industry streamlined cooking processesand pioneered home delivery. Many Americanstoday celebrate holidays with Chinese food.

BASIC PREPARATION FORCOOKING CHINESE

Like many immigrant groups, the Chinese faithfulness to their cuisine was key to

maintaining cultural identity in the NewWorld. The Chinese cooking tradition is one

of the world's oldest and most nuanced, its roots varied by province but consistent

in its adaption to the American taste. As with the songs, speech, dress and traditions,

cuisine too becomes meshed with the greater American culture.

AMERICAN PATRIOT 13

QUOTE OFTHE WEEK

“If ever a time should come, when vain andaspiring men shall possess the highest seatsin Government, our country will stand in needof experienced patriots to prevent its ruin.”

— SAMUEL ADAMSAMERICAN PATRIOT AND POLITICIAN, COUSIN OF PRESIDENT JOHN ADAMS,WHO WAS A LEADER IN THE FIGHT AGAINST BRITISH COLONIAL RULE.

14 AMERICAN PATRIOT

THIS WEEK INAMERICAN HISTORY

AMERICAN PATRIOT 15

1968.President Lyndon Johnson shocks the country by announcingthat he will not seek reelection as a result of his unpopularityregarding the Vietnam War.

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