Allied Vision Pike TechMan V5.1.2 En

8/10/2019 Allied Vision Pike TechMan V5.1.2 En

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Technical Manual

V5.1.2

13 August 2012

Allied Vision Technologies GmbHTaschenweg 2aD-07646 Stadtroda / Germany

AVT Pike


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PIKE Technical ManualV5.1.2

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Legal notice

For customers in the U.S.A.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protectionagainst harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a residential environment. Thisequipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and usedin accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communica-tions. However there is no guarantee that interferences will not occur in a particular installation.If the equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, the user isencouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the distance between the equipment and the receiver. Use a different line outlet for the receiver. Consult a radio or TV technician for help.

You are cautioned that any changes or modifications not expressly approved in this manual could

void your authority to operate this equipment. The shielded interface cable recommended in thismanual must be used with this equipment in order to comply with the limits for a computingdevice pursuant to Subpart B of Part 15 of FCC Rules.

For customers in CanadaThis apparatus complies with the Class B limits for radio noise emissions set out in the RadioInterference Regulations.

Pour utilisateurs au CanadaCet appareil est conforme aux normes classe B pour bruits radiolectriques, spcifies dans leRglement sur le brouillage radiolectrique.

Life support applicationsThese products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where mal-function of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Allied custom-ers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree

to fully indemnify Allied for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale.

TrademarksUnless stated otherwise, all trademarks appearing in this document of Allied Vision Technologiesare brands protected by law.

WarrantyThe information provided by Allied Vision Technologies is supplied without any guarantees orwarranty whatsoever, be it specific or implicit. Also excluded are all implicit warranties concern-ing the negotiability, the suitability for specific applications or the non-breaking of laws and pat-ents. Even if we assume that the information supplied to us is accurate, errors and inaccuracy maystill occur.

CopyrightAll texts, pictures and graphics are protected by copyright and other laws protecting intellectualproperty. It is not permitted to copy or modify them for trade use or transfer, nor may they be usedon web sites.

Allied Vision Technologies GmbH 08/2012

All rights reserved.Managing Director: Mr. Frank GrubeTax ID: DE 184383113

Headquarters:

Taschenweg 2AD-07646 Stadtroda, GermanyTel.: +49 (0)36428 6770Fax: +49 (0)36428 677-28e-mail: [email protected]


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Contents

Contacting Allied Vision Technologies ..................................................12

Introduction ...........................................................................................................13

Document history.......................................................................................................... 13Manual overview ........................................................................................................... 26Conventions used in this manual ...................................................................................... 28

Styles ..................................................................................................................... 28Symbols.................................................................................................................. 28

More information .......................................................................................................... 29

Before operation........................................................................................................... 29

PIKE cameras .......................................................................................................31

Conformity..............................................................................................................33CE...................................................................................................................... 33FCC Class B Device .............................................................................................. 33

FireWire ....................................................................................................................34

Overview ..................................................................................................................... 34Definition................................................................................................................ 34IEEE 1394 standards.................................................................................................. 34Why use FireWire? ..................................................................................................... 35

FireWire in detail........................................................................................................... 35Serial bus................................................................................................................ 35FireWire connection capabilities .................................................................................. 37Capabilities of 1394a (FireWire 400) ............................................................................. 37

IIDC V1.3 camera control standards.......................................................................... 37Capabilities of 1394b (FireWire 800) ............................................................................. 38

IIDC V1.31 camera control standards ........................................................................ 38Compatibility between 1394a and 1394b ....................................................................... 39

Compatibility example........................................................................................... 39Image transfer via 1394a and 1394b ............................................................................. 40

1394b bandwidths .................................................................................................... 41Requirements for PC and 1394b ............................................................................... 41Requirements for laptop and 1394b ......................................................................... 42Example1: 1394b bandwidth of PIKE cameras............................................................. 43Example 2: More than one PIKE camera at full speed.................................................... 43

FireWire Plug & play capabilities .................................................................................. 44FireWire hot-plug and screw-lock precautions................................................................. 44Screw-lock and power supply precautions ...................................................................... 45Operating system support ........................................................................................... 46

Filter and lenses .................................................................................................47

IR cut filter: spectral transmission .................................................................................... 47


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Camera lenses .......................................................................................................... 48

Camera dimensions ..........................................................................................50Serial numbers for starting new front flange................................................................... 50

Pike standard housing (2 x 1394b copper).......................................................................... 51

Pike (1394b: 1 x GOF, 1 x copper) ..................................................................................... 52Tripod adapter.............................................................................................................. 53Pike W90 (2 x 1394b copper) ........................................................................................... 54

Pike W90 (1394b: 1 x GOF, 1 x copper) ............................................................................... 55Pike W90 S90 (2 x 1394b copper)...................................................................................... 56Pike W90 S90 (1394b: 1 x GOF, 1 x copper) ......................................................................... 57Pike W270 (2 x 1394b copper).......................................................................................... 58Pike W270 (1394b: 1 x GOF, 1 x copper) ............................................................................. 59

Pike W270 S90 (2 x 1394b copper) .................................................................................... 60Pike W270 S90 (1394b: 1 x GOF, 1 x copper)........................................................................ 61Cross section: CS-Mount (only PIKE F-032B/C) .................................................................... 62Cross section: C-Mount (VGA size filter) ............................................................................. 63

Cross section: C-Mount (large filter).................................................................................. 64Adjustment of C-Mount................................................................................................... 65Adjustment of F-Mount for Pike F-1100 and Pike F-1600........................................................ 66F-Mount ...................................................................................................................... 66

Pike F-Mount: standard housing(2 x 1394b copper).................................................................................................... 67Pike F-Mount (1394b: 1 x GOF, 1 x copper) ..................................................................... 68

Pike F-Mount: Tripod adapter ...................................................................................... 69Pike F-Mount: W270 (2 x 1394b copper) ........................................................................ 70Pike F-Mount: W270(1394b: 1 x GOF, 1 x copper) ....................................................................................... 71Cross section: F-Mount............................................................................................... 72

K-Mount, M39-Mount..................................................................................................... 73Cross section: M39-Mount........................................................................................... 73

M42-Mount .................................................................................................................. 74Pike M42-Mount: standard housing(2 x 1394b copper).................................................................................................... 74Pike M42-Mount: standard housing

(1394b: 1 x GOF, 1 x copper) ....................................................................................... 75Pike M42-Mount: Tripod adapter .................................................................................. 76Pike M42-Mount: W270 (2 x 1394b copper) .................................................................... 77Pike M42-Mount: W270(1394b: 1 x GOF, 1 x copper) ....................................................................................... 78Cross section: M42-Mount........................................................................................... 79

M58-Mount .................................................................................................................. 80Pike M58-Mount: standard housing(2 x 1394b copper).................................................................................................... 80Pike M58-Mount: standard housing(1394b: 1 x GOF, 1 x copper) ....................................................................................... 81Pike M58-Mount: Tripod adapter .................................................................................. 82


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Pike M58-Mount: W270 (2 x 1394b copper) .................................................................... 83Pike M58-Mount: W270

(1394b: 1 x GOF, 1 x copper) ....................................................................................... 84Cross section: M58-Mount........................................................................................... 85

Specifications .......................................................................................................86PIKE F-032B/C (fiber) .................................................................................................... 86PIKE F-100B/C (fiber) .................................................................................................... 88PIKE F-145B/C (fiber) (-15fps*) ....................................................................................... 90

PIKE F-210B/C (fiber) .................................................................................................... 92PIKE F-421B/C (fiber) .................................................................................................... 94PIKE F-505B/C (fiber) .................................................................................................... 96PIKE F-1100B/C (fiber)................................................................................................... 98

PIKE F-1600B/C (fiber)................................................................................................. 100Spectral sensitivity...................................................................................................... 102

Camera interfaces ...........................................................................................111IEEE 1394b port pin assignment..................................................................................... 111Camera I/O connector pin assignment ............................................................................. 113Status LEDs ................................................................................................................ 114

On LED (green) ....................................................................................................... 114Status LED............................................................................................................. 114

Control and video data signals ....................................................................................... 116Inputs .................................................................................................................. 116

Triggers............................................................................................................ 116Input/output pin control.......................................................................................... 117IO_INP_CTRL 1-2 ................................................................................................ 118Trigger delay ..................................................................................................... 119

Outputs ................................................................................................................ 121IO_OUTP_CTRL 1-4 .............................................................................................. 122Output modes .................................................................................................... 123

Pulse-width modulation ........................................................................................... 125PWM: minimal and maximal periods and frequencies.................................................. 126PWM: Examples in practice ................................................................................... 127

Pixel data .................................................................................................................. 128Description of video data formats............................................................................... 129

Description of the data path......................................................................134Block diagrams of the cameras....................................................................................... 134

Black and white cameras .......................................................................................... 134Color cameras ........................................................................................................ 135

Channel balance ......................................................................................................... 136Channel adjustment with SmartView (>1.5).................................................................. 136

Dual-tap offset adjustment with SmartView (1.10 or greater) ...................................... 137White balance............................................................................................................. 139

One-push white balance ........................................................................................... 141Auto white balance(AWB) ....................................................................................... 142

Auto shutter............................................................................................................... 144


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Auto gain .................................................................................................................. 146Manual gain ............................................................................................................... 149

Brightness (black level or offset).................................................................................... 150Horizontal mirror function ............................................................................................ 151Shading correction ...................................................................................................... 153

Building shading image in Format_7 modes ................................................................. 153First example..................................................................................................... 153Second example ................................................................................................. 153

How to store shading image ...................................................................................... 153Automatic generation of correction data ..................................................................... 155

Requirements .................................................................................................... 155Algorithm ......................................................................................................... 155

Loading a shading image out of the camera .................................................................. 158Loading a shading image into the camera .................................................................... 159

Look-up table (LUT) and gamma function......................................................................... 160Loading an LUT into the camera ................................................................................. 162

Defect pixel correction (Pike F-1100/1600 only)................................................................ 163Defect pixel definitions for Pike F-1100 ....................................................................... 163Defect pixel definitions for Pike F-1600 ....................................................................... 164AVT factory default settings ...................................................................................... 164AVT defect pixel map................................................................................................ 164Defect pixel editor in SmartView ................................................................................ 166

Defect Pixel editor: more details ............................................................................ 169Where is the defect pixel correction done?............................................................... 169

Binning (only Pike b/w models) ..................................................................................... 170

2 x / 4 x / 8 x binning .............................................................................................. 170Vertical binning...................................................................................................... 171Horizontal binning.................................................................................................. 1732 x full binning/4 x full binning/8 x full binning ........................................................... 174

Sub-sampling (PIKE b/w and color) ................................................................................ 175What is sub-sampling? ............................................................................................. 175Which PIKE models have sub-sampling?....................................................................... 175Description of sub-sampling ..................................................................................... 175

Binning and sub-sampling access ................................................................................... 182Quick parameter change timing modes ............................................................................ 184

Why new timing modes? ........................................................................................... 184

Standard Parameter Update Timing ...................................................................... 185New: Quick Format Change Mode(QFCM)................................................................ 185

How to transfer parameters to the camera.................................................................... 186Encapsulated Update (begin/end) ....................................................................... 186Parameter-List Update....................................................................................... 187Standard Update (IIDC)...................................................................................... 188

Packed 12-Bit Mode.................................................................................................... 189High SNR mode (High Signal Noise Ratio) ........................................................................ 190Frame memory and deferred image transport.................................................................... 191

Deferred image transport ......................................................................................... 191HoldImg mode ....................................................................................................... 192

FastCapture mode ................................................................................................... 194


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Color interpolation (BAYER demosaicing)......................................................................... 195Sharpness.................................................................................................................. 196

Hue and saturation...................................................................................................... 197Color correction.......................................................................................................... 198

Why color correction?.......................................................................................... 198Color correction in AVT cameras............................................................................. 198Color correction: formula ..................................................................................... 198GretagMacbeth ColorChecker ................................................................................ 198Changing color correction coefficients.................................................................... 199Switch color correction on/off............................................................................... 199

Color conversion (RGBYUV)....................................................................................... 200Bulk Trigger ............................................................................................................... 200Level Trigger .............................................................................................................. 200

Serial interface ........................................................................................................... 201

Controlling image capture ..........................................................................206

Trigger modi............................................................................................................... 206Bulk Trigger (Trigger_Mode_15) ................................................................................ 208Trigger delay.......................................................................................................... 211

Trigger delay advanced register............................................................................. 212Debounce.............................................................................................................. 213Debounce time ....................................................................................................... 214

Exposure time (shutter) and offset.................................................................................. 215Exposure time offset................................................................................................ 215Minimum exposure time ........................................................................................... 215Extended shutter .................................................................................................... 216

One-shot ................................................................................................................... 218One-shot command on the bus to start of exposure........................................................ 219End of exposure to first packet on the bus .................................................................... 220

Multi-shot ................................................................................................................. 221ISO_Enable / free-run .................................................................................................. 221Asynchronous broadcast............................................................................................... 221Jitter at start of exposure ............................................................................................. 222Sequence mode .......................................................................................................... 224

How is sequence mode implemented? ......................................................................... 225Setup mode (new for 3.x) ..................................................................................... 226Sequence step mode (new for 3.x) ......................................................................... 226SeqMode description........................................................................................... 227Sequence repeat counter (new for 3.x) ................................................................... 227Manual stepping & reset (new for 3.x) .................................................................... 227

Which new sequence mode features are available?......................................................... 229Setup mode....................................................................................................... 229I/O controlled sequence stepping mode.................................................................. 229I/O controlled sequence pointer reset .................................................................... 230I/O controlled sequence stepping mode and I/O controlled sequence pointer reset via softwarecommand.......................................................................................................... 230

Points to pay attention to when working with a sequence................................................ 230

Changing the parameters within a sequence ................................................................. 232


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Points to pay attention to when changing the parameters ............................................... 232Secure image signature (SIS): definition and scenarios....................................................... 233

SIS: Definition........................................................................................................ 233SIS: Scenarios ........................................................................................................ 233

Smear reduction (not Pike F-1100/1600)......................................................................... 235Smear reduction: definition ...................................................................................... 235Smear reduction: how it works................................................................................... 235Smear reduction: switch on/off in register and SmartView............................................... 235

Video formats, modes and bandwidth .................................................236

PIKE F-032B / PIKE F-032C ............................................................................................ 237PIKE F-100B / PIKE F-100C ............................................................................................ 239PIKE F-145B / PIKE F-145C (-15 fps**) ............................................................................ 241

PIKE F-210B / PIKE F-210C ............................................................................................ 243PIKE F-421B / PIKE F-421C ............................................................................................ 245PIKE F-505B / PIKE F-505C ............................................................................................ 247PIKE F-1100B / PIKE F-1100C......................................................................................... 249PIKE F-1600B / PIKE F-1600C......................................................................................... 251Area of interest (AOI)................................................................................................... 253

Autofunction AOI .................................................................................................... 255Frame rates................................................................................................................ 256

Frame rates Format_7 .............................................................................................. 260PIKE F-032: AOI frame rates ...................................................................................... 261PIKE F-100: AOI frame rates ...................................................................................... 262

PIKE F-145: AOI frame rates (no sub-sampling)............................................................. 263PIKE F-145: AOI frame rates (sub-sampling)................................................................. 264PIKE F-145-15fps: AOI frame rates (no sub-sampl.)........................................................ 265PIKE F-145-15fps: AOI frame rates (sub-sampl.)............................................................ 266PIKE F-210: AOI frame rates (no sub-sampling)............................................................. 267PIKE F-210: AOI frame rates (sub-sampling)................................................................. 268PIKE F-421: AOI frame rates ...................................................................................... 269PIKE F-505: AOI frame rates ...................................................................................... 270

AOI frame rates with max. BPP = 8192..................................................................... 270AOI frame rates with max. BPP = 11000................................................................... 271

PIKE F-1100: AOI frame rates..................................................................................... 272Pike F-1100: frame rate formula single-tap .............................................................. 272

AOI frame rates maxBPP=8192, single-tap, no sub-sampling....................................... 272AOI frame rates maxBPP=8192, single-tap, sub-sampling........................................... 273Pike F-1100: frame rate formula dual-tap ................................................................ 274AOI frame rates maxBPP=8192, dual-tap, no sub-sampling ......................................... 274AOI frame rates maxBPP=8192, dual-tap, sub-sampling ............................................. 275AOI frame rates maxBPP=11000, single-tap, no sub-sampl.......................................... 276AOI frame rates maxBPP=11000, single-tap, sub-sampl.............................................. 277AOI frame rates maxBPP=11000, dual-tap, no sub-sampl............................................ 278AOI frame rates maxBPP=11000, dual-tap, sub-sampl................................................ 279

PIKE F-1600: AOI frame rates..................................................................................... 280Pike F-1600: frame rate formula single-tap .............................................................. 280

AOI frame rates maxBPP=8192, single-tap, no sub-sampling....................................... 280


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AOI frame rates maxBPP=8192, single-tap, sub-sampling........................................... 281Pike F-1600: frame rate formula dual-tap ................................................................ 282

AOI frame rates maxBPP=8192, dual-tap, no sub-sampling ......................................... 282AOI frame rates maxBPP=8192, dual-tap, sub-sampling ............................................. 283AOI frame rates maxBPP=16000, single-tap, no sub-sampl.......................................... 284AOI frame rates maxBPP=11000, single-tap, sub-sampling ......................................... 285AOI frame rates maxBPP=11000, dual-tap, no sub-sampling ....................................... 286AOI frame rates maxBPP=11000, dual-tap, sub-sampling............................................ 287

How does bandwidth affect the frame rate? ...................................288Example formula for the b/w camera ...................................................................... 289

Test images................................................................................................................ 290Loading test images ................................................................................................ 290Test images for b/w cameras ..................................................................................... 290

Test images for color cameras.................................................................................... 291YUV4:2:2 mode .................................................................................................. 291Mono8 (raw data) ............................................................................................... 291

Configuration of the camera......................................................................292Camera_Status_Register............................................................................................... 292

Example................................................................................................................ 293Sample program ..................................................................................................... 296

Example FireGrab ............................................................................................... 296Example FireStack API ......................................................................................... 296

Configuration ROM ...................................................................................................... 298

Implemented registers ................................................................................................. 301Camera initialize register.......................................................................................... 301Inquiry register for video format ................................................................................ 301Inquiry register for video mode.................................................................................. 302Inquiry register for video frame rate and base address.................................................... 303Inquiry register for basic function .............................................................................. 312Inquiry register for feature presence........................................................................... 313Inquiry register for feature elements .......................................................................... 315Inquiry register for absolute value CSR offset address..................................................... 318Status and control register for feature......................................................................... 319Feature control error status register ........................................................................... 323Video mode control and status registers for Format_7 .................................................... 323

Quadlet offset Format_7 Mode_0 ........................................................................... 323Quadlet offset Format_7 Mode_1 ........................................................................... 323Format_7 control and status register (CSR).............................................................. 323

Advanced features....................................................................................................... 325Extended version information register ........................................................................ 329Advanced feature inquiry.......................................................................................... 331Camera status ........................................................................................................ 333Maximum resolution................................................................................................ 334Time base.............................................................................................................. 334Extended shutter .................................................................................................... 336Test images ........................................................................................................... 337


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Look-up tables (LUT) ............................................................................................... 338Loading a look-up table into the camera ................................................................. 339

Shading correction.................................................................................................. 340Reading or writing shading image from/into the camera............................................. 342Automatic generation of a shading image................................................................ 342Non-volatile memory operations ........................................................................... 342Memory channel error codes ................................................................................. 343

Deferred image transport ......................................................................................... 344Frame information .................................................................................................. 345Input/output pin control.......................................................................................... 345Delayed Integration enable ...................................................................................... 346Auto shutter control................................................................................................ 347Auto gain control.................................................................................................... 348Autofunction AOI .................................................................................................... 349

Color correction...................................................................................................... 350Trigger delay.......................................................................................................... 351Mirror image .......................................................................................................... 351AFE channel compensation (channel balance) .............................................................. 352Dual-tap offset adjustment ....................................................................................... 352Soft reset .............................................................................................................. 353High SNR mode (High Signal Noise Ratio) .................................................................... 354Maximum ISO packet size.......................................................................................... 355Quick parameter change timing modes........................................................................ 357

Standard Parameter Update Timing ...................................................................... 357Quick Format Change Mode ................................................................................. 357

Automatic reset of the UpdActive flag..................................................................... 358Low-noise binning mode (only 2 x H-binning) .............................................................. 358Software feature control (disable LEDs / switch single-tap and dual-tap) ........................... 359

Disable LEDs ...................................................................................................... 359Sensor digitization taps (Pike F-1100/1600 only).......................................................... 360Parameter-List Update ............................................................................................. 361Format_7 mode mapping.......................................................................................... 362

Example ........................................................................................................... 363Secure image signature (SIS) .................................................................................... 364

Advanced register: SIS......................................................................................... 364Advanced register: frame counter .......................................................................... 366Advanced register: trigger counter......................................................................... 367Where to find time stamp, frame counter and trigger counter in the image ..................... 368Where to find all SIS values in the image ................................................................. 368

Smear reduction (not Pike F-1100/1600)..................................................................... 369Defect pixel correction............................................................................................. 369

Reading or writing defect pixel correction data from/into the camera ........................... 370User profiles .......................................................................................................... 372

Error codes........................................................................................................ 373Reset of error codes ............................................................................................ 373Stored settings .................................................................................................. 374

Frame time control.................................................................................................. 375GPDATA_BUFFER..................................................................................................... 376

Little endian vs. big endian byte order .................................................................... 376


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User adjustable gain references ................................................................................. 377

Appendix................................................................................................................378

Sensor position accuracy of AVT cameras.......................................................................... 378

Firmware update...............................................................................................379Extended version number (FPGA/C) ............................................................................... 379

Index.........................................................................................................................381


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Contacting Allied Vision Technologies


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Contacting Allied Vision Technologies

Info

Technical information:http://www.alliedvisiontec.com

Support:

[email protected]

Allied Vision Technologies GmbH (Headquarters)Taschenweg 2a

07646 Stadtroda, GermanyTel.: +49.36428.677-0Fax.: +49.36428.677-28e-mail: [email protected]

Allied Vision Technologies Canada Inc.101-3750 North Fraser WayBurnaby, BC, V5J 5E9, CanadaTel: +1 604-875-8855Fax: +1 604-875-8856e-mail: [email protected]

Allied Vision Technologies Inc.38 Washington StreetNewburyport, MA 01950, USAToll Free number +1-877-USA-1394Tel.: +1.978.2252030Fax: +1.978.2252029e-mail: [email protected]

Allied Vision Technologies Asia Pte. Ltd.82 Playfair Road#07-02 DLithium

Singapore 368001Tel: +65 6634-9027Fax: +65 6634-902e-mail: [email protected]
http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/


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Introduction


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Introduction

Document history

Version Date Remarks

V2.0.0 07.07.2006 New Manual - RELEASE status

PRE_V3.0.0 22.09.2006 Minor corrections

Added Pike F-145

Pike F-210 AOI frame rates corrected: Chapter PIKE F-210: AOIframe rates (no sub-sampling)on page 267

New advanced registers: Chapter Advanced featureson page 325

V3.0.1 29.09.2006 Minor corrections

V3.1.0 13.02.2007 Changed camera status register (Table 154: Advanced register:Camera statuson page 333)

Added description for the following mode Output state followsPinState bit (Table 32: Output routingon page 123)

Added M39-Mount for Pike F-201 and F-421 (Chapter F-Mountonpage 66)

to be continued on next page

Table 1: Document history


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continued from last page


Added CE in Chapter Conformityon page 33.

Added Value field in Table 44: CSR: Shutteron page 145.

Added Chapter Cross section: CS-Mount (only PIKE F-032B/C)onpage 62.

Added detailed description of BRIGHTNESS (800h) in Table 147:Feature control registeron page 319

Added detailed description of WHITE-BALANCE (80Ch) in Table147: Feature control registeron page 319et seq.

Added Appendix, Chapter Sensor position accuracy of AVT cam-erason page 378.

Added new frame rates in Chapter Specificationson page 86

Added new AOI frame rates and diagrams in Chapter Frame ratesFormat_7on page 260

New minimum shutter speeds for each of the Pike cameras inChapter Specificationson page 86and the following

Added new features of PIKE update round:

SIS: see Chapter Secure image signature (SIS): definition

and scenarioson page 233 Sequence mode: see Chapter Sequence modeon page 224 Smear reduction

see Chapter Smear reduction (not Pike F-1100/1600)onpage 235

4 x / 8 x binning and sub-sampling modessee Chapter Binning (only Pike b/w models)on page 170see Chapter Sub-sampling (PIKE b/w and color)on page175see Chapter Binning and sub-sampling accesson page 182

Quick mode for format changes

see Chapter Quick parameter change timing modeson page184 Speed increase mode (Packed 12-bit Mode)

Chapter Packed 12-Bit Modeon page 189 CS-Mount (only for PIKE F-032)

Chapter PIKE F-032B/C (fiber)on page 86and ChapterCross section: CS-Mount (only PIKE F-032B/C)on page 62





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V4.0.0 15.01.2008 Added 15fps versions of PIKE F-145 at Table 152: Camera type IDliston page 330

Added VERSION_INFO1_EX, VERSION_INFO3_EX and descriptionat Table 151: Advanced register: Extended version informationon page 329

Revised Chapter Secure image signature (SIS)on page 364

Added detailed description to register 0xF10000570PARAMUPD_TIMING (how to switch on Quick Format ChangeMode) see Chapter Quick parameter change timing modesonpage 357

Added Chapter PIKE F-505B/C (fiber)on page 96.

Added Chapter PIKE F-505B / PIKE F-505Con page 247.

Revised description of C-Mount adjustment in Chapter Adjust-ment of C-Mounton page 65.

Moved AVT Glossary from Appendix of PIKE Technical Manual toAVT Website.

Revised PIKE F-505B/C data.

Corrected binning (only b/wcameras) and added Format_IDsinFigure 103: Mapping of possible Format_7 modes to

F7M1...F7M7on page 183.





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V4.1.0 20.08.08 Added PIKE F-505 to Chapter Indexon page 381

Revised formulas by adding some units in Chapter How doesbandwidth affect the frame rate?on page 288

Corrected Table 172: Advanced register: Channel balanceonpage 352

Added Max IsoSize Bit [1] to register 0xF1000048 ADV_INQ_3 inTable 153: Advanced register: Advanced feature inquiryon page331f.

Added Chapter Maximum ISO packet sizeon page 355(useful for

PIKE F-505 for higher frame rates)Corrected Figure 104: Former standard timingon page 184

Added photos of 1394b locking connectors and 1394a Molexclamp locking (aka Interlock) connectors in Chapter 1394a and1394b cameras and compatibilityon page 39.

Added recommendation to use PCI-X (64 bit) or PCI Expressadapter in Chapter Maximum ISO packet sizeon page 355.

Corrected frame rate formula in Chapter High SNR mode (HighSignal Noise Ratio)on page 190.

Corrected binning order in Chapter 2 x full binning/4 x full bin-

ning/8 x full binningon page 174.

Added block diagram of modern PC (X38 chipset by INTEL) in Fig-ure 5: Block diagram of modern PC (X38 chipset by INTEL)onpage 39

Revised FireWire hot-plug precautions and added screw-lock pre-cautions in Chapter FireWire hot-plug and screw-lock precau-tionson page 44

Added images of FireWire locking cables in Figure 4: 1394a and1394b cameras and compatibilityon page 39

Added list of available FireWire screw lock cables in Table 4: 1394locking cableson page 35

Corrected CAD drawing in Figure 12: Pike W90 S90 (2 x 1394bcopper)on page 56

Changed provisions directive to 2004/108/EG in Chapter Confor-mityon page 33

Corrected diag. (16.3 mm) of KAI2093 in Table 18: SpecificationPIKE F-210B/C (fiber)on page 92





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V4.1.0

[continued]

20.08.08

[continued]

Restructuring of Pike Technical Manual:

Added Chapter Contacting Allied Vision Technologieson page 12

Added Chapter Manual overviewon page 26

Restructured Chapter Pike types and highlightsto Chapter PIKEcamerason page 31.

Infos from Pike camera typestable moved to Chapter Specifica-tionson page 86

Safety instructionsmoved to Hardware Installation Guide, ChapterSafety instructionsandAVT camera cleaning instructions

Environmental conditions moved to Pike Instruction Leaflet

Infos on CS-/C-Mounting moved to Hardware Installation Guide,Chapter Changing filters safety instructions

Infos onSystem componentsand Environmental conditionsmoved to Pike Instruction Leaflet

Infos onIR cut filterand Lensesmoved to Chapter Filter andlenseson page 47

Moved binning explanation from Chapter Specificationson page86to Chapter Video formats, modes and bandwidthon page 236

Binning / sub-sampling modes and color modes are only listed inChapter Video formats, modes and bandwidthon page 236

Moved detailed description of the camera interfaces (FireWire,I/O connector), ordering numbers and operating instructions tothe Hardware Installation Guide.

Revised Chapter Description of the data pathon page 134

Revised Chapter Controlling image captureon page 206; Userprofiles are only described in Chapter User profileson page 372

Revised Chapter Video formats, modes and bandwidthon page236

Revised Chapter How does bandwidth affect the frame rate?onpage 288

[to be continued]





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V4.1.0

[continued]

20.08.08

[continued]

[continued: Restructuring of Pike Technical Manual:]

Revised Chapter Configuration of the cameraon page 292

Revised Chapter Firmware updateon page 379

Added Chapter Sensor position accuracy of AVT camerason page378

Revised Chapter Indexon page 381

Corrected for all Pike cameras: 16 user-defined LUTs in ChapterSpecificationson page 86ff.

Added cross-reference from upload LUTto GPDATA_BUFFERinChapter Loading an LUT into the cameraon page 162.

Added cross-reference from upload/download shading imageto GPDATA_BUFFERin:

Chapter Loading a shading image out of the cameraon page 158

Chapter Loading a shading image into the cameraon page 159

Added PIKE F-505 as it uses different BAYER pattern (first pixel ofthe sensor is RED) in Chapter Color interpolation (BAYER demo-saicing)on page 195

Added detailed level values of I/Os in Chapter Camera I/O con-

nector pin assignmenton page 113.Added RoHS in Chapter Conformityon page 33

Added little endian vs. big endian byte order in ChapterGPDATA_BUFFERon page 376

PIKE update firmware round:

Gain references: see Chapter User adjustable gain referencesonpage 377

Low-noise binning mode for 2 x horizontal binning: see ChapterLow-noise binning mode (only 2 x H-binning)on page 358

New photo of LED positions in Figure 59: Position of status LEDson page 114

V4.2.0 01.09.08 New default gain references for Pike F-505B/C in Table 199:Default gain references of Pike modelson page 377





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Introduction


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V4.3.0 23.04.09 Pike F-100B: new Quantum efficiency diagram in Figure 43: Spec-tral sensitivity of Pike F-100Bon page 104

All advanced registers in 8-digit format beginning with 0xF1... inChapter Advanced featureson page 325ff. and in Table 181:Advanced register: Parameter-List Update: parameter listonpage 361

Corrected Pike cameras with small (VGA size) and large filter inChapter Cross section: C-Mount (VGA size filter)on page 63andChapter Cross section: C-Mount (large filter)on page 64

SEQUENCE_RESET register moved to SEQUENCE_STEP register(0xF1000228) inSEQUENCE_STEPon page 226and inSEQUENCE_STEPon page 325.

Revised Chapter White balanceon page 139ff.

New sensor for Pike F-421B/C in Table 3: PIKE camera typesonpage 32and in Table 19: Specification PIKE F-421B/C (fiber)onpage 94.

Calculated effective chip sizefor all sensors (with resolution ofFormat_7 Mode_0) in Chapter Specificationson page 86ff.

Pike F-210B/C shows no speed increase using sub-sampling: seeChapter PIKE F-210: AOI frame rates (sub-sampling)on page 268





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Introduction


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V4.4.0 28.09.09 Added notice to description of non-volatile storage of shadingimage in Noteon page 156.

Corrected drawing in Figure 151: Delayed integration timingonpage 346

Corrected Format_7 Mode_5 (640 x 240) in Table 84: VideoFormat_7 default modes PIKE F-032B / PIKE F-032Con page 238.

Added Raw12 to Pike F-032C and corrected some frame rates inTable 84: Video Format_7 default modes PIKE F-032B / PIKE F-032Con page 238f.

New dual-tap offset adjustmentfor Pike F-032/210/421/505: See 0xF1000430on page 327

See Table 173: Advanced register: Dual-tap offset adjust-menton page 352

See Chapter Dual-tap offset adjustment with SmartView(1.10 or greater)on page 137

Revised Chapter Conformityon page 33.

New Pike front flange:

Title page: new photo and Figure 21: Back focus adjustmenton page 65: new Pike drawing

New CAD drawings: Chapter Camera dimensionson page 50ff.

Figure 21: Back focus adjustmenton page 65(adjustingC-Mount via both screws on top (middle) and right sightof the housing

Added PWM feature:

Added PWM feature in IO_OUTP_CTRL 1-4on page 122ff.

Added PWMCapable in Register 0xF1000320 in Table 31:Advanced register: Output controlon page 122

Added ID 0x09 in Table 32: Output routingon page 123

Added Chapter Pulse-width modulationon page 125ff. Added Table 33: PWM configuration registerson page 125

Added PWM inTable 153: Advanced register: Advanced fea-ture inquiryon page 331f.

Added PWM inTable 150: Advanced registers summaryonpage 325ff.





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Introduction


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V4.4.0

[continued]

28.09.09

[continued]

All Pike models: added input debounce feature:

Advanced register summary 0xF1000840on page 328




Chapter Debounceon page 213f.

Chapter Debounce timeon page 214

Table 71: Advanced register: Debounce time for inputportson page 214

All Pike models: added Frame time control feature:

Table 150: Advanced registers summaryon page 325ff.

Chapter Frame time controlon page 375

V5.0.0 07.05.10 New Pike F-1100 and Pike F-1600 models:

Figure 53: Spectral sensitivity of Pike F-1100Bon page 109

Figure 54: Spectral sensitivity of Pike F-1100Con page 109



Chapter PIKE F-1100B/C (fiber)on page 98f.

Chapter PIKE F-1600B/C (fiber)on page 100f.

Chapter Dual-tap offset adjustment with SmartView (1.10or greater)on page 137ff. and Chapter Dual-tap offsetadjustmenton page 352

Chapter Adjustment of F-Mount for Pike F-1100 and Pike F-1600on page 66

Chapter F-Mounton page 66ff.

Chapter Pike F-Mount: standard housing (2 x 1394b cop-per)on page 67

Chapter Pike F-Mount: Tripod adapteron page 69

Chapter Pike F-Mount: W270 (2 x 1394b copper)on page 70

Chapter Cross section: F-Mounton page 72

Chapter Frame time controlon page 375

Chapter Sensor digitization taps (Pike F-1100/1600 only)on page 360





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Introduction


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V5.0.0

[continued]

07.05.10

[continued]

[continued]

New Pike F-1100 and Pike F-1600 models:

Chapter F-Mounton page 66ff.

Chapter M42-Mounton page 74ff.

Chapter M58-Mounton page 80ff.

Chapter Exposure time offseton page 215

Chapter Minimum exposure timeon page 215

Figure 114: Data flow and timing after end of exposureonpage 220

Table 78: Jitter at exposure start (no binning, no sub-sam-pling)on page 223

Table 199: Default gain references of Pike modelson page377

Chapter Software feature control (disable LEDs / switch sin-gle-tap and dual-tap)on page 359

Chapter PIKE F-1100B / PIKE F-1100Con page 249

Chapter PIKE F-1600B / PIKE F-1600Con page 251

Chapter PIKE F-1100: AOI frame rateson page 272ff.

Chapter PIKE F-1600: AOI frame rateson page 280ff.

New Pike front flange: Serial numbers for Pike camera models starting new front

flange: Chapter Serial numbers for starting new frontflangeon page 50

Added photo of Pike 11M/16M on title page

Minor corrections and improvements:

Improved description on low noise binning:Chapter Low-noise binning mode (only 2 x H-binning)on page 358

Corrected MaxValue from [0..31] to [6..31] in Table 166:Advanced register: Auto shutter controlon page 347

Corrected: Pike F-145C has Raw12 formats (F7M0, F7M4,F7M5, F7M6) in Table 88: Video Format_7 default modesPike F-145B / F-145Con page 242

Improved description of debounce feature in ChapterDebounceon page 213

New storage temperature:

70 C, see Chapter Specificationson page 86ff.





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Introduction


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V5.0.0

[continued]

07.05.10

[continued]

New links to the new AVT website:

Chapter Contacting Allied Vision Technologieson page 12

New measured sensitivity curves:

Chapter Spectral sensitivityon page 102ff.

Added new CAD drawings for W90S90 and W270S90:

Chapter Pike W90 S90 (2 x 1394b copper)on page 56

Chapter Pike W270 S90 (2 x 1394b copper)on page 60

Chapter Pike W90 S90 (1394b: 1 x GOF, 1 x copper)on page57

Chapter Pike W270 S90 (1394b: 1 x GOF, 1 x copper)on page61

Added more information on operating system support(Windows XP SP3, Vista SP2, Windows 7):

Chapter Operating system supporton page 46

Changed sensitivity curves for PIKE F-421B/C from Kodak KAI4021 to Kodak KAI 4022:




Added red font to Pike F-1100C and Pike F-1600C in head-line: see Chapter PIKE F-1100B / PIKE F-1100Con page 249and Chapter PIKE F-1600B / PIKE F-1600Con page 251

Added missing Pike F-100: see Chapter Dual-tap offsetadjustment with SmartView (1.10 or greater)on page 137f.

Changed frame rates from Pike F-505 (maxBPP=1100) form15 fps to 14fps for RAW8 and AOI height of 2054 and 2048.Changed all frame rates that exceeded the theoreticalframe rate of the CCD: see Table 115: Frame rates Pike F-505as function of AOI height [width=2452] (maxBPP=11000)on page 271and Chapter Specification PIKE F-505B/C(fiber)on page 96

Changed all frame rates that exceeded the theoreticalframe rate of the CCD: see Chapter Frame rates Format_7onpage 260ff.





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Introduction


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V5.1.0 03.05.11 Added new features:

Defect pixel correction

Chapter Defect pixel correction (Pike F-1100/1600 only)onpage 163

Advanced feature registers: see Chapter Defect pixelcorrectionon page 369

Advanced registers summary: seeDEFECT_PIXEL_CORRECTION_CTRLon page 327

Pike F-505C

Added Pike F-505C in Figure 76: Mirror and Bayer orderonpage 152

Added new address:

Added Singapore address in Chapter Contacting AlliedVision Technologieson page 12

Revised chapters:

Revised Chapter Description of video data formatson page129

V5.1.1 27.02.12 VC50 variants have also the following conformities:

REACH China RoHS

See Chapter Conformityon page 33.

Smaller corrections:

Pike F-1100/1600 dont have smear reduction:

Chapter Smear reduction (not Pike F-1100/1600)onpage 235

Smear reductionon page 332

Chapter Smear reduction (not Pike F-1100/1600)onpage 369

Up to 16 LUTs can be stored permanently in the camera via4 user sets: see Chapter Stored settingson page 374

V5.1.2 13 August 2012 High SNR mode:Added note to set grab count and activa-tion of HighSNR in one single write access:

see Chapter High SNR mode (High Signal Noise Ratio)onpage 190

Chapter High SNR mode (High Signal Noise Ratio)onpage 354





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Manual overviewThis manual overviewdescribes each chapter of this manual shortly.

Chapter Contacting Allied Vision Technologieson page 12lists AVT con-tact data for both:

Technical information / ordering

Commercial information

Chapter Introductionon page 13(this chapter) gives you the documenthistory, a manual overview and conventions used in this manual (stylesand symbols). Furthermore you learn how to get more information onhowto install hardware (Hardware Installation Guide), available AVT soft-ware(incl. documentation) and where to get it.

Chapter PIKE camerason page 31gives you a short introduction to theSTINGRAY cameras with their FireWire technology. Links are provided todata sheets and brochures on AVT website.

Chapter Conformityon page 33gives you information about conformity ofAVT cameras.

Chapter FireWireon page 34describes the FireWire standard in detail,explains the compatibility between 1394a and 1394b and explains band-width details (incl. Pike examples).

Read and follow the FireWire hot-plug and screw-lock precautions

in Chapter FireWire hot-plug and screw-lock precautionson page 44. Read Chapter Operating system supporton page 46.

Chapter Filter and lenseson page 47describes the IR cut filter and suit-able camera lenses.

Chapter Specificationson page 86lists camera details and spectral sensi-tivity diagrams for each camera type.

Chapter Camera dimensionson page 50provides CAD drawings of stan-dard housing (copper and GOF) models, tr ipod adapter, available angledhead models, cross sections of CS-Mount and C-Mount.

Chapter Camera interfaceson page 111describes in detail the inputs/out-puts of the cameras (incl. Trigger features). For a general description of


V5.1.2 13 August 2012 Changed IR cut filter to (type Jenofilt 217):see Figure 6: Approximate spectral transmission of IR cut filter(may vary slightly by filter lot) (type Jenofilt 217)on page 47

Pike trigger input voltage (GPIn1 and GPIn2) changed from 2 Vto 3 V at min. input current of 5 mA, see Chapter Camera I/Oconnector pin assignmenton page 113.




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Introduction


27

the interfaces (FireWire and I/O connector) see Hardware InstallationGuide.

Chapter Description of the data pathon page 134describes in detail IIDCconform as well as AVT-specific camera features.

Chapter Controlling image captureon page 206describes trigger modi,exposure time, one-shot/multi-shot/ISO_Enable features. Additionallyspecial AVT features are described: sequence mode and secure image sig-nature (SIS).

Chapter Video formats, modes and bandwidthon page 236lists all avail-able fixed and Format_7 modes (incl. color modes, frame rates, binning/sub-sampling, AOI=area of interest).

Chapter How does bandwidth affect the frame rate?on page 288givessome considerations on bandwidth details.

Chapter Configuration of the cameraon page 292lists standard andadvanced register descriptions of all camera features.

Chapter Firmware updateon page 379explains where to get informationon firmware updates and explains the extended version number scheme ofFPGA/C.

Chapter Appendixon page 378lists the sensor position accuracy of AVTcameras.

Chapter Indexon page 381gives you quick access to all relevant data inthis manual.


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Introduction


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More information

For more information on hardware and software read the following:

Hardware Installation Guide describes the hardware installation proce-dures for all 1394 AVT cameras (Dolphin, Oscar, Marlin, Guppy, Pike,Stingray). Additionally you get safety instructions and information aboutcamera interfaces (IEEE1394a/b copper and GOF, I/O connectors, inputand output).

Before operation

We place the highest demands for quality on our cameras.

Target group ThisTechnical Manualis the guide to detailed technical information of thecamera and is written for experts.

Getting started For a quick guide how to get started read Hardware Installation Guidefirst.

www

You find the Hardware Installation Guideat:

http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/support/downloads/product-literature/hardware-installation-guide.html

All software packages(including documentationand releasenotes) provided by AVT can be downloaded at:

http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/products/software.html

Note

Please read through this manual carefully before operatingthe camera.

For information on AVT accessoriesand AVT softwarereadHardware Installation Guide.

Caution

Before operating any AVT camera read safety instructionsand

ESD warnings in Hardware Installation Guide.

Note

To demonstrate the properties of the camera, all examples inthis manual are based on the FirePackageOHCI API softwareand the SmartViewapplication.
http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/support/downloads/product-literature/hardware-installation-guide.htmlhttp://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/support/downloads/product-literature/hardware-installation-guide.htmlhttp://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/products/software.htmlhttp://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/products/software.htmlhttp://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/support/downloads/product-literature/hardware-installation-guide.htmlhttp://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/products/software.html


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Introduction


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www

These utilities can be obtained from Allied Vision Technologies(AVT). FirePackage includes

SmartViewand is available for

download at:

http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/products/software/windows/avt-firepackage.html

Note

The camera also works with all IIDC (formerly DCAM) compati-ble IEEE 1394 programs and image processing libraries.
http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/products/software/windows/avt-firepackage.htmlhttp://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/products/software/windows/avt-firepackage.htmlhttp://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/products/software/windows/avt-firepackage.html


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PIKE cameras


31

PIKE cameras

Pike The Pike is a fast IEEE 1394b camera for demanding applications. Numerous pre-processing functions produce an outstanding image quality. Pike cameras oper-ate with very high frame rates and offer much more real-time functions thanspecified in the IIDC standards.

They can even emulate traditional frame grabber functions.

IEEE 1394b IEEE 1394b provides a plug & play interface standard with high-speed, deter-ministic data transmission. The camera communication protocol is standard-ized and can easily be integrated into your application

GOF Pike cameras are available both with two copper ports (for daisy-chaining) andwith copper/GOF (glass optical fiber) ports.

Advantages of GOF:

800 Mbit/s over 400 meters and more

No additional repeaters required

Transmission of light instead of electricity: No ground problems and nointerference with electromagnetic fields.

Image applications Allied Vision Technologies can provide users with a range of products that meetalmost all the requirements of a very wide range of image applications.

FireWire The industry standard IEEE 1394 (FireWire or i.Link) facilitates the simplest

computer compatibility and bidirectional data transfer using the plug & playprocess. Further development of the IEEE 1394 standard has already made 800Mbit/second possible. Investment in this standard is therefore secure for thefuture; each further development takes into account compatibility with the pre-ceding standard, and vice versa, meaning that IEEE 1394b is reverse-compati-ble with IEEE 1394a. Your applications will grow as technical progressadvances.

Note

For further information on FireWire read Chapter FireWireonpage 34.

www

For further information on the highlights of Pike types, thePike familyand the whole range of AVT FireWire cameras readthe data sheets and brochures on the website of Allied VisionTechnologies:

www.alliedvisiontec.com
http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/


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32

Pike type Sensor Picture size (max.)

Format_7 Mode_0

Frame rates,

full resolutionPIKE F-032B/C

PIKE F-032B/C fiber

Type 1/3 KODAK KAI-340

Progressive Scan CCD imager

640 (h) x 480 (v) Up to 208 fps

PIKE F-100B/C

PIKE F-100B/C fiber

Type 2/3 KODAK KAI-1020


1000 (h) x 1000 (v) Up to 60 fps

PIKE F-145B/C

PIKE F-145B/C fiber

Type 2/3 SONY ICX285


1388 (h) x 1038 (v) Up to 30 fps

PIKE F-145B/C-15fps

PIKE F-145B/C-15fps fiber



1388 (h) x 1038 (v) Up to 16 fps

PIKE F-210B/C

PIKE F-210B/C fiber

Type 1 KODAK KAI-2093


1920 (h) x 1080 (v) Up to 31 fps

PIKE F-421B/C

PIKE F-421B/C fiber

Type 1.2 KODAK KAI-4022


2048 (h) x 2048 (v) Up to 16 fps

PIKE F-505B/C

PIKE F-505B/C fiber



2456 (h) x 2058 (v) Up to 15 fps

PIKE F-1100B/C

PIKE F-1100B/C fiber

Type 35 mm KODAK KAI-11002


4008 (h) x 2672 (v) Single-tap: up to2.6 fps

Dual-tap: up to4.9 fps

PIKE F-1600B/C

PIKE F-1600B/C fiber

Type 35 mm KODAK KAI-16000


4872 (h) x 3248 (v) Single-tap: up to1.7 fps

Dual-tap: up to3.1 fps

Table 3: PIKE camera types


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Conformity


33

Conformity

Allied Vision Technologies declares under its sole responsibility that all stan-dard cameras of the AVT Pikefamily to which this declaration relates are in con-formity with the following standard(s) or other normative document(s):

CE, following the provisions of 2004/108/EG directive

FCC Part 15 Class B

RoHS (2002/95/EC)

China RoHS (November 11, 2006)

REACH (EC No. 1907/2006)

CE

We declare, under our sole responsibility, that the previously described AVTPikecameras conform to the directives of the CE.

FCC Class B Device

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for aClass B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits aredesigned to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in aresidential environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radiofrequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruc-

tions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation ofthis equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference inwhich case the user will be required to correct the interference at his ownexpense. You are cautioned that any changes or modifications not expresslyapproved in this manual could void your authority to operate this equipment.


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FireWire


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FireWire

Overview

FireWireprovides one of the most comprehensive, high-performance, cost-effective solutions platforms. FireWireoffers very impressive throughput atvery affordable prices.

Definition

FireWire(also known as i.LinkorIEEE 1394) is a personal computer and digital

video serial bus interface standard, offering high-speed communications andisochronous real-time data services. FireWirehas low implementation costsand a simplified and adaptable cabling system.

IEEE 1394 standards

FireWirewas developed by Apple Computer in the late 1990s, after work defin-ing a slower version of the interface by the IEEE 1394 working committee in the1980s. Apple's development was completed in 1995. It is defined in IEEE stan-dard 1394 which is currently a composite of three documents:

the original IEEE Std. 1394-1995

the IEEE Std. 1394a-2000 amendment

the IEEE Std. 1394b-2002 amendment

FireWireis used to connect digital cameras, especially in industrial systems formachine vision.

Advantages Advantages over USB are:

Faster effective speed

Higher power distribution capabilities

Multi-camera applications are easier to set up than in USB.

Figure 1: FireWire Logo


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35

Why use FireWire?

Digital cameras with on-board FireWire(IEEE 1394a or 1394b) communications

conforming to the IIDC standard (V1.3 or V1.31) have created cost-effective andpowerful solutions options being used for thousands of different applicationsaround the world. FireWireis a robust digital interface for industrial applica-tions for many reasons, including:

Guaranteed bandwidth features to ensure fail-safe communications

Interoperability with multiple different camera types and vendors

Diverse camera powering options, including single-cable solutions up to45 W

Effective multiple-camera solutions

Large variety of FireWireaccessories for industrial applications

Availability of repeaters and optical fibre cabling Forwards and backward compatibility blending 1394a and 1394b

Both real-time (isochronous) and demand-driven asynchronous datatransmission capabilities

FireWire in detail

Serial bus

Briefly summarized, FireWireis a very effective way to utilize a low-cost serial

bus, through a standardized communications protocol, that establishes pack-etized data transfer between two or more devices. FireWire offers real time iso-chronous bandwidth for image transfer with guaranteed low latency. It alsooffers asynchronous data transfer for controlling camera parameters, such asgain and shutter, on the fly. As illustrated in the diagram below, these twomodes can co-exist by using priority time slots for video data transfer and theremaining time slots for control data transfer.


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In case of 1394b no gaps are needed due to parallel arbitration, handled by busowner supervisor selector (BOSS) (see the following diagram). Whereas 1394aworks in half duplex transmission, 1394 does full duplex transmission.

Additional devices may be added up to the overall capacity of the bus, butthroughput at guaranteed minimum service levels is maintained for all deviceswith an acknowledged claim on the bus. This deterministic feature is a hugeadvantage for many industrial applications where robust performance isrequired. Such is the case when it is not acceptable to drop images within a spe-cific time interval.

Figure 2: 1394a data transmission

Figure 3: 1394b data transmission

Cycle Sync: 1394b

Parallel arbitration, handled by BOSS, can eliminate gaps


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FireWire


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FireWire connection capabilities

FireWirecan connect together up to 63 peripherals in an acyclic network struc-ture (hubs). It allows peer-to-peer device communication (between digitalcameras), to take place without using system memory or the CPU.

But even more importantly, a FireWire cameracan directly, via direct memoryaccess (DMA), write into or read from the memory of the computer with almostno CPU load.

FireWirealso supports multiple hosts per bus. FireWirerequires only a cablewith the correct number of pins on either end (normally 6 or 9). It can supply upto 45 W of power per port at 30 V, allowing high consumption devices to operatewithout a separate power cord.

Capabilities of 1394a (FireWire 400)

FireWire 400 (S400) is able to transfer data between devices at 100, 200 or 400MBit/s data rates. Although USB 2.0 claims to be capable of higher speeds (480Mbit/s), FireWire is, in practice, not slower than USB 2.0.

The 1394a capabilities in detail:

400 Mbit/s

Hot-pluggable devices Peer-to-peer communications

Direct Memory Access (DMA) to host memory

Guaranteed bandwidth

Multiple devices (up to 45 W) powered via FireWire bus

IIDC V1.3 camera control standards

IIDC V1.3 released a set of camera control standards via 1394a which estab-lished a common communications protocol on which most current FireWirecameras are based.

Note

How to extend the size of an isochronous packet up to 11.000byte at S800:

see register 0xF1000048, ADV_INQ_3, Max IsoSize [1] inTable 153: Advanced register: Advanced feature inquiryon page 331

see Chapter Maximum ISO packet sizeon page 355

Caution

While supplying such an amount of bus power is clearly a ben-eficial feature, it isveryimportant notto exceed the inrushcurrent of 18 mJoule in 3 ms.

Higher inrush current may damage the Phy chip of the cam-era and/or the Phy chip in your PC.


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FireWire


38

In addition to common standards shared across manufacturers, a specialFormat_7 mode also provided a means by which a manufacturer could offer spe-

cial features (smart features), such as: higher resolutions

higher frame rates

diverse color modes

as extensions (advanced registers) to the prescribed common set.

Capabilities of 1394b (FireWire 800)

FireWire 800 (S800) was introduced commercially by Apple in 2003 and has a 9-pin FireWire 800 connector (see details in Hardware Installation Guide and inChapter IEEE 1394b port pin assignmenton page 111). This newer 1394b spec-

ification allows a transfer rate of 800 MBit/s with backward compatibilities tothe slower rates and 6-pin connectors of FireWire 400.

The 1394b capabilities in detail:

800 Mbit/s

All previous benefits of 1394a (see above)

Interoperability with 1394a devices

Longer communications distances (up to 500 m using GOF cables)

IIDC V1.31 camera control standards

Twinned with 1394b, the IIDC V1.31 standard arrived in January 2004, evolving

the industry standards for digital imaging communications to includeI/O and RS232 handling, and adding further formats. At such high bandwidthsit has become possible to transmit high-resolution images to the PCs memoryat very high frame rates.


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39

Compatibility between 1394a and 1394b

Compatibility example

Its possible to run a 1394a and a 1394b camera on the 1394b bus.

You can e.g. run a PIKE F-032B and a MARLIN F-033B on the same bus: PIKE F-032B @

Documents

Allied Vision Pike TechMan V5.1.2 En