AHSGE Quick FactsAHSGE Quick Facts

Wars: French and Indian Wars: French and Indian WarWar

AKA: Seven Years WarAKA: Seven Years WarWho: British and Colonists vs. Who: British and Colonists vs.

French and NativesFrench and NativesWhen: 1754-1763When: 1754-1763Ended: Treaty of Paris 1763Ended: Treaty of Paris 1763Result: British won but heavy Result: British won but heavy

debt caused by the war forced debt caused by the war forced the British to tax the colonist the British to tax the colonist heavily.heavily.

Wars: Revolutionary WarWars: Revolutionary War Who: British vs. American ColoniesWho: British vs. American Colonies When: 1775-1781When: 1775-1781 Major Generals: George Washington Major Generals: George Washington

(Americas)(Americas) Ended: Treaty of Paris 1783Ended: Treaty of Paris 1783 Result: Won by colonist, gave America its Result: Won by colonist, gave America its

independence.independence. Key Battles: Lexington and Concord(1Key Battles: Lexington and Concord(1stst

battle); Bunker Hill (won by British but battle); Bunker Hill (won by British but Brits suffered huge losses); Saratoga Brits suffered huge losses); Saratoga (turning point); Yorktown (final battle)(turning point); Yorktown (final battle)

War of 1812War of 1812 Who: U.S. vs. BritishWho: U.S. vs. British When: 1812-1814When: 1812-1814 U. S. President during war: James MadisonU. S. President during war: James Madison Major General: Andrew Jackson (U.S.)Major General: Andrew Jackson (U.S.) Ended by: Treaty of GhentEnded by: Treaty of Ghent Result: No one won the war, even though it Result: No one won the war, even though it

was a moral victory for the United States was a moral victory for the United States and started strong feelings of nationalism.and started strong feelings of nationalism.

Horseshoe Bend (ended creek war, Jackson Horseshoe Bend (ended creek war, Jackson defeated Tecumseh) ; Fort McHenry (Star defeated Tecumseh) ; Fort McHenry (Star Spangled Banner, Francis Scott Key); New Spangled Banner, Francis Scott Key); New Orleans (occurred after the war)Orleans (occurred after the war)

Mexican WarMexican War Who: U.S. vs. MexicoWho: U.S. vs. Mexico When: 1846-1848When: 1846-1848 James K. Polk was U.S. President during James K. Polk was U.S. President during

warwar Major Generals: Zachary Taylor (U.S.); Major Generals: Zachary Taylor (U.S.);

Santa Anna (Mexico)Santa Anna (Mexico) Ended: Treaty of Guadeloupe HidalgoEnded: Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo Result: U.S. gained California and new Result: U.S. gained California and new

Mexico, which completed the country’s Mexico, which completed the country’s goal of Manifest Destiny.goal of Manifest Destiny.

Civil WarCivil War Who: U.S. of America (North or Union) vs. Who: U.S. of America (North or Union) vs.

Confederate States of America (South or Confederate States of America (South or confederacy)confederacy)

When: 1861-1865When: 1861-1865 U.S. President during war: Abe LincolnU.S. President during war: Abe Lincoln Confederate President during war: Jefferson DavisConfederate President during war: Jefferson Davis Major Generals: US- Grant and Sherman; CSA- Lee Major Generals: US- Grant and Sherman; CSA- Lee

and “Stonewall” Jacksonand “Stonewall” Jackson Ended: Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court Ended: Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court

househouse Results: Slavery ended and union preservedResults: Slavery ended and union preserved Key Battles: Sumter (started the war); First Bull Run Key Battles: Sumter (started the war); First Bull Run

(Mannassas won by CSA); Shiloh (20,000 killed w/no (Mannassas won by CSA); Shiloh (20,000 killed w/no winner); Antietam )bloodiest battle of the war); winner); Antietam )bloodiest battle of the war); Vicksburg (south lost control of the Mississippi); Vicksburg (south lost control of the Mississippi); Gettysburg (turning point); Mobile Bay; Sherman’s Gettysburg (turning point); Mobile Bay; Sherman’s March (included the burning of Atlanta)March (included the burning of Atlanta)

Spanish American WarSpanish American War Who: US vs. Spain in the Caribbean and Who: US vs. Spain in the Caribbean and

the Phillipinesthe Phillipines When: 1898When: 1898 US President during war: William US President during war: William

McKinleyMcKinley Major soldiers: Theodore Roosevelt and Major soldiers: Theodore Roosevelt and

his rough ridershis rough riders Ended: Treaty w/ Spain in 1898Ended: Treaty w/ Spain in 1898 Results: US gained Phillipines, Puerto Results: US gained Phillipines, Puerto

Rico and Guam and became a world Rico and Guam and became a world power.power.

World War IWorld War I AKA: The Great WarAKA: The Great War Who: Allies (Russia, France, Serbia, Great Who: Allies (Russia, France, Serbia, Great

Britain, United States) vs. Central Powers Britain, United States) vs. Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary)(Germany, Austria-Hungary)

When: 1914-1918When: 1914-1918 U.S. President During War: Woodrow WilsonU.S. President During War: Woodrow Wilson Ended: Treaty of VersaillesEnded: Treaty of Versailles Events: AH archduke Franz Ferdinand killed Events: AH archduke Franz Ferdinand killed

by Serbian Gavrilo Princip; Lusitania sunk; by Serbian Gavrilo Princip; Lusitania sunk; Zimmerman note writtenZimmerman note written

Results: Europe was restructured, Germany Results: Europe was restructured, Germany was restructured but would rebuild under was restructured but would rebuild under Adolf Hitler, and the League of Nations was Adolf Hitler, and the League of Nations was put into place, even though the U.S. wasn’t a put into place, even though the U.S. wasn’t a part of it. part of it.

World War IIWorld War II Who: Allies (Great Britain, France, USSR, Who: Allies (Great Britain, France, USSR,

US) vs. Axis Powers ( Germany, Italy, Japan)US) vs. Axis Powers ( Germany, Italy, Japan) When 1939-1945When 1939-1945 US Presidents during war: FDR and TrumanUS Presidents during war: FDR and Truman Major Generals and leaders: European Major Generals and leaders: European

allied commander Eisenhower; Pacific allied commander Eisenhower; Pacific Commander: Macarthur; GB Prime Minister: Commander: Macarthur; GB Prime Minister: Churchill; USSR leader: Stalin; Italian Churchill; USSR leader: Stalin; Italian leader: Mussolini; German leader Hitler; leader: Mussolini; German leader Hitler; Japanese leader: TojoJapanese leader: Tojo

Ended: V-E day: Allied victory in Europe Ended: V-E day: Allied victory in Europe May 8, 1945; V-J Day Allied victory in Japan May 8, 1945; V-J Day Allied victory in Japan Aug. 14, 1945Aug. 14, 1945

WWII ContinuedWWII Continued Major Battles: D-Day: allied liberation Major Battles: D-Day: allied liberation

of France in Normandy; Atomic bomb of France in Normandy; Atomic bomb used at Hiroshima and Nagasaki on used at Hiroshima and Nagasaki on Aug. 6Aug. 6thth and 9 and 9thth, 1945 by U.S. on , 1945 by U.S. on Japan; Dec. 7 1941 Japan invades Japan; Dec. 7 1941 Japan invades Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Results: Introduced weapons of mass Results: Introduced weapons of mass destruction; Split Germany; destruction; Split Germany; introduced United Nationsintroduced United Nations

AHSGE Standard IAHSGE Standard I Crusades: European movement that Crusades: European movement that

resulted in exposure to Middle Eastern and resulted in exposure to Middle Eastern and Asian goods after a failed attempt to take Asian goods after a failed attempt to take away the Holy Lands from the Muslims.away the Holy Lands from the Muslims.

Renaissance: European movement that Renaissance: European movement that resulted in new art, technology, and a resulted in new art, technology, and a return to classical thought.return to classical thought.

Reformation: Movement in Europe that Reformation: Movement in Europe that resulted in the rise of the protestant resulted in the rise of the protestant religion; Led by Martin Luther and his 95 religion; Led by Martin Luther and his 95 Theses.Theses.

Columbian Exchange: Global transfer of Columbian Exchange: Global transfer of food, plants, animals, and disease after the food, plants, animals, and disease after the colonization of the Americas.colonization of the Americas.

AHSGE Standard IAHSGE Standard I Conquistadors: Spanish explorers that Conquistadors: Spanish explorers that

sought God, Gold, and Glory.sought God, Gold, and Glory. St. Augustine: 1St. Augustine: 1stst American settlement American settlement

by Europeans.by Europeans. Jamestown: 1Jamestown: 1stst successful English successful English

settlement in the new world; 1607settlement in the new world; 1607 House of Burgesses: Legislature of the House of Burgesses: Legislature of the

Virginia colony; 1Virginia colony; 1stst representative representative government in the New World.government in the New World.

Taxation: Main reason the American Taxation: Main reason the American colonies protested against British rule.colonies protested against British rule.

AHSGE Standard IAHSGE Standard I French and Indian War: War that was French and Indian War: War that was

responsible for forcing the English to responsible for forcing the English to tax the colonies, leading to the tax the colonies, leading to the Revolutionary war.Revolutionary war.

Navigation Acts: Acts passed by Navigation Acts: Acts passed by George III to monitor trade in and out George III to monitor trade in and out of the colonies.of the colonies.

Boston Massacre: Attack that Boston Massacre: Attack that occurred in Boston in 1770 resulting occurred in Boston in 1770 resulting in 5 colonist being shot and killed by in 5 colonist being shot and killed by British troops.British troops.

AHSGE Standard IAHSGE Standard I

Boston Tea Party: Protest by Boston Tea Party: Protest by Bostonians in 1773 in reaction to the Bostonians in 1773 in reaction to the British passage of the Tea Act; This British passage of the Tea Act; This act was staged by the Sons of Liberty act was staged by the Sons of Liberty led by Samuel Adams.led by Samuel Adams.

Lexington and Concord: 1Lexington and Concord: 1stst battle of battle of the American Revolution.the American Revolution.

AHSGE Standard IIAHSGE Standard II Magna Carta: Famous English document Magna Carta: Famous English document

signed in 1215 by John I was the beginning signed in 1215 by John I was the beginning point for representative government and point for representative government and protection of individual rights in England.protection of individual rights in England.

Social Contract Theory: Thomas Hobbes Social Contract Theory: Thomas Hobbes theory that was used by Jefferson while theory that was used by Jefferson while writing the Declaration of Independence writing the Declaration of Independence that allows a single ruler to be in charge to that allows a single ruler to be in charge to maintain order.maintain order.

John Locke: English philosopher that John Locke: English philosopher that influenced Jefferson when writing the influenced Jefferson when writing the Declaration of Independence; felt people Declaration of Independence; felt people shouldn’t give up natural rights for their shouldn’t give up natural rights for their freedom.freedom.

AHSGE Standard IIAHSGE Standard II Montesquieu: French philosopher that Montesquieu: French philosopher that

came up with separation of powers.came up with separation of powers.– Three Branch SystemThree Branch System– Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances

Great Awakening: Religious movement of Great Awakening: Religious movement of increased activity that occurred in the increased activity that occurred in the colonies in the 1730’s and 1740’s.colonies in the 1730’s and 1740’s.

First Continental Congress: Meeting in First Continental Congress: Meeting in Philadelphia called to discuss the unfair Philadelphia called to discuss the unfair treatment of the colonies by Great Britain; treatment of the colonies by Great Britain; Attended by 12 of the 13 colonies.Attended by 12 of the 13 colonies.

Second Continental Congress: Meeting Second Continental Congress: Meeting called by the colonist in reaction to GB called by the colonist in reaction to GB ignoring the 1ignoring the 1stst CC; Sent the Olive Branch CC; Sent the Olive Branch Petition; Wrote the Declaration of Petition; Wrote the Declaration of Independence.Independence.

AHSGE Standard IIAHSGE Standard II Declaration of Independence: Declaration of Independence:

Document written by Thomas Document written by Thomas Jefferson informing GB of colonial Jefferson informing GB of colonial independence.independence.

Articles of Confederation: The 1Articles of Confederation: The 1stst body of laws that governed the U.S.; body of laws that governed the U.S.; Created a loose confederacy.Created a loose confederacy.

Constitutional Convention: Constitutional Convention: Convention held to replace the Convention held to replace the Articles of Confederation and create Articles of Confederation and create a more centralized government and a more centralized government and a federal system.a federal system.

AHSGE Standard IIAHSGE Standard II Great Compromise: Agreement that Great Compromise: Agreement that

the U.S. would have two houses in the U.S. would have two houses in CongressCongress

Three Fifths Compromise: Solution for Three Fifths Compromise: Solution for counting slaves for representation counting slaves for representation purposes.purposes.

Federalism: The idea of sharing power Federalism: The idea of sharing power between the national and the state between the national and the state governments.governments.

Preamble: Opening paragraph of the Preamble: Opening paragraph of the constitution.constitution.

Elastic Clause: Idea that Congress has Elastic Clause: Idea that Congress has a broad range of power with a great a broad range of power with a great deal of flexibility.deal of flexibility.

AHSGE Standard IIAHSGE Standard II 1313thth Amendment: Abolished Slavery Amendment: Abolished Slavery 1414thth Amendment: Guarantees protection of Amendment: Guarantees protection of

the law for all citizens.the law for all citizens. 1515thth Amendment: Gave the right to vote to Amendment: Gave the right to vote to

African American males.African American males. 1919thth Amendment: Gave women the right to Amendment: Gave women the right to

vote.vote. Federalist Papers: Papers written by Jay, Federalist Papers: Papers written by Jay,

Hamilton, and Madison encouraging the Hamilton, and Madison encouraging the passage of the Constitution.passage of the Constitution.

Bill of Rights: 1Bill of Rights: 1stst ten amendments of the ten amendments of the constitution that were written to protect your constitution that were written to protect your individual rights.individual rights.

Federalist: Supported the constitution as is.Federalist: Supported the constitution as is. Anti-Federalist or Democrat-Republicans: Anti-Federalist or Democrat-Republicans:

Supported the constitution only if it Supported the constitution only if it contained a Bill of Rights.contained a Bill of Rights.

AHSGE Standard IIAHSGE Standard II Alexander Hamilton: Developed an Alexander Hamilton: Developed an

economic plan for the U.S. during the economic plan for the U.S. during the 1790’s.1790’s.

George Washington: Led 1George Washington: Led 1stst colonial army; colonial army; 11stst president of U.S.; Warned Americans president of U.S.; Warned Americans about competing political parties in his about competing political parties in his farewell address.farewell address.

John Marshall: Served as Chief Justice of John Marshall: Served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years (longest the Supreme Court for 34 years (longest term ever) and helped shape our national term ever) and helped shape our national government; Declared that Supreme Court government; Declared that Supreme Court has the power of judicial review.has the power of judicial review.

Marbury vs. Madison: Supreme court case Marbury vs. Madison: Supreme court case that established Judicial Review.that established Judicial Review.

Standard IIIStandard III Boston Tea Party: Reaction of colonial Boston Tea Party: Reaction of colonial

group the sons of liberty led by Samuel group the sons of liberty led by Samuel Adams to the Tea Act; This bill resulted in Adams to the Tea Act; This bill resulted in the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts passed by the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts passed by the British Parliament.the British Parliament.

Olive Branch Petition: Document sent by Olive Branch Petition: Document sent by the colonist to George II of GB as a final the colonist to George II of GB as a final attempt at peace by the colonist in 1775.attempt at peace by the colonist in 1775.

Patrick Henry: Revolutionary that gave the Patrick Henry: Revolutionary that gave the famous speech “give me liberty or give me famous speech “give me liberty or give me death.”death.”

Paul Revere: Made the famous ride Paul Revere: Made the famous ride warning the colonist that the Redcoats warning the colonist that the Redcoats were coming.were coming.

Standard IIIStandard III Saratoga: Turning point of the Saratoga: Turning point of the

Revolutionary War; Resulted in France Revolutionary War; Resulted in France becoming an ally.becoming an ally.

Valley Forge: Place where Valley Forge: Place where Washington’s troops camped during Washington’s troops camped during the harsh winter of 1777-1778 during the harsh winter of 1777-1778 during the Revolutionary War.the Revolutionary War.

Yorktown: Last major battle of the Yorktown: Last major battle of the Revolutionary War; Cornwallis Revolutionary War; Cornwallis surrendered to Washington.surrendered to Washington.

Treaty of Paris 1783: Treaty that Treaty of Paris 1783: Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War; U.S. ended the Revolutionary War; U.S. gained its independence because of gained its independence because of this treaty.this treaty.

Standard IIIStandard III War of 1812: U.S. defeated Great Britain War of 1812: U.S. defeated Great Britain

in a final attempt to regain U.S. territory.in a final attempt to regain U.S. territory. Embargo Act: Law passed by Jefferson Embargo Act: Law passed by Jefferson

that disallowed U.S. to trade with other that disallowed U.S. to trade with other nations; led to War of 1812.nations; led to War of 1812.

Impressment: Act of the British Navy Impressment: Act of the British Navy forcing Americans into service.forcing Americans into service.

Land Ordinance of 1785: Divided old Land Ordinance of 1785: Divided old Northwest Territory into townships.Northwest Territory into townships.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787: disallowed Northwest Ordinance of 1787: disallowed slavery in the old northwest.slavery in the old northwest.

Standard IIIStandard III Louisiana Purchase: Land bought by the Louisiana Purchase: Land bought by the

U.S. from France for 15 mil. In 1803; U.S. from France for 15 mil. In 1803; Jefferson responsible for purchase; Jefferson responsible for purchase; doubled the size of the U.S. doubled the size of the U.S.

Lewis and Clark: Explorers hired by Lewis and Clark: Explorers hired by Jefferson to explore the western U.S.Jefferson to explore the western U.S.

Era of Good Feelings: Prosperous times Era of Good Feelings: Prosperous times post War of 1812; one political party.post War of 1812; one political party.

Alabama: Became a U.S. state in the year Alabama: Became a U.S. state in the year 1819.1819.

Missouri Compromise: Congressional Missouri Compromise: Congressional agreement that allowed Missouri to agreement that allowed Missouri to become a slave state and Maine to become a slave state and Maine to become a free state.become a free state.

Standard IIIStandard III Monroe Doctrine: American foreign Monroe Doctrine: American foreign

policy that was passed in 1823 and policy that was passed in 1823 and forbade European colonization in the forbade European colonization in the Americas.Americas.

Indian Removal Act: The law that Indian Removal Act: The law that forced the five native southeast tribes forced the five native southeast tribes to evacuate to the west to live on to evacuate to the west to live on reservations; Occurred during reservations; Occurred during Jackson’s tenure.Jackson’s tenure.

Trail of Tears: Event instated by the Trail of Tears: Event instated by the U.S. gov’t that forced the Cherokee U.S. gov’t that forced the Cherokee Indians to march at gunpoint from Ga. Indians to march at gunpoint from Ga. To Ok.To Ok.

Standard IIIStandard III Four major trails used by the settlers Four major trails used by the settlers

in western U.S.in western U.S.– Santa Fe: Commercial and Military routeSanta Fe: Commercial and Military route– Oregon: Migratory RouteOregon: Migratory Route– Mormon: Western Trail used by Mormon Mormon: Western Trail used by Mormon

ChurchChurch– California: Migratory route to gold minesCalifornia: Migratory route to gold mines

Texas Independence: Gained from Texas Independence: Gained from Mexico in 1836 and later joined the Mexico in 1836 and later joined the U.S.U.S.

Manifest Destiny: Idea that the Manifest Destiny: Idea that the United States should extend from the United States should extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific.Atlantic to the Pacific.

Standard IIIStandard III Mexican War: 1846-1848 U.S. vs. Mexico; U.S. Mexican War: 1846-1848 U.S. vs. Mexico; U.S.

acquired California and New Mexico territories.acquired California and New Mexico territories. Seneca Falls Convention: 1Seneca Falls Convention: 1stst major womens rights major womens rights

convention held in the U.S.; Led by Elisabeth convention held in the U.S.; Led by Elisabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia MottCady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

The Liberator: Abolitionist literature produced by The Liberator: Abolitionist literature produced by William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

The North Star: Abolitionist literature produced The North Star: Abolitionist literature produced by Frederick Douglassby Frederick Douglass

Underground Railroad: System set up by Underground Railroad: System set up by abolitionist to help slaves escape to freedom.abolitionist to help slaves escape to freedom.

Harriet Tubman : Black woman who used the Harriet Tubman : Black woman who used the underground railroad to liberate hundreds of underground railroad to liberate hundreds of slaves.slaves.

Standard IIIStandard III Dorothea Dix: Led prison reform Dorothea Dix: Led prison reform

movement in the U.S.; fought for reform in movement in the U.S.; fought for reform in the mental health system.the mental health system.

Horace Mann: Led the educational reform Horace Mann: Led the educational reform movement in the U.S. in the 1800’s.movement in the U.S. in the 1800’s.

Utopian Societies: Communities developed Utopian Societies: Communities developed which tried to make a perfect society.which tried to make a perfect society.

Joseph Smith: founded the Mormon faith.Joseph Smith: founded the Mormon faith. Brigham Young: Led the Mormons to Utah.Brigham Young: Led the Mormons to Utah. Ft. McHenry: War of 1812 battle that Ft. McHenry: War of 1812 battle that

resulted in the protection of Baltimore and resulted in the protection of Baltimore and the inspiration for Francis Scott Key’s “Star the inspiration for Francis Scott Key’s “Star Spangled Banner”Spangled Banner”

Standard IIIStandard III Horseshoe Bend: War of 1812 battle Horseshoe Bend: War of 1812 battle

where Jackson defeated the Creek where Jackson defeated the Creek Indians in Al.Indians in Al.

New Orleans: War of 1812 battle New Orleans: War of 1812 battle where Jackson defeated the British where Jackson defeated the British after a truce had been called.after a truce had been called.

Gibbons v. Ogden: Supreme court Gibbons v. Ogden: Supreme court case (under Marshall) which insured case (under Marshall) which insured that national government controlled that national government controlled interstate commerce.interstate commerce.

McCulloch v. Maryland: Supreme court McCulloch v. Maryland: Supreme court case (under Marshall) which insured case (under Marshall) which insured that the national bank was that the national bank was constitutional.constitutional.

Standard IIIStandard III Andrew Jackson: President that established Andrew Jackson: President that established

the spoils system.the spoils system. Spoils System: Practice where a political Spoils System: Practice where a political

party gives government jobs to its voters party gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a system of the party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of some awarding offices on the basis of some measure of merit.measure of merit.

Nullification Crisis: South Carolina’s Nullification Crisis: South Carolina’s attempt to void the Tariff of 1832.attempt to void the Tariff of 1832.

Transcendentalism: Group of new ideas in Transcendentalism: Group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century; Whitman, to middle 19th century; Whitman, Emerson, and Thoreau Emerson, and Thoreau

Standard IVStandard IV Compromise of 1850: Congressional solution Compromise of 1850: Congressional solution

that made California a free state and gave that made California a free state and gave popular sovereignty to the New Mexico and popular sovereignty to the New Mexico and Utah territories.Utah territories.

Popular Sovereignty: Belief that the laws of a Popular Sovereignty: Belief that the laws of a state should be determined by the citizens of state should be determined by the citizens of that state.that state.

Fugitive Slave Law: Part of Compromise of Fugitive Slave Law: Part of Compromise of 1850 that mandated the return of escaped 1850 that mandated the return of escaped slaves; this provision angered the slaves; this provision angered the northerners.northerners.

Kansas-Nebraska Act: Act supported by Kansas-Nebraska Act: Act supported by Stephen Douglas that gave popular Stephen Douglas that gave popular sovereignty to the Kansas and Nebraska sovereignty to the Kansas and Nebraska territories.territories.

Standard IVStandard IV Republican Party: Political party formed in Republican Party: Political party formed in

the 1850’s that supported the anti-slavery the 1850’s that supported the anti-slavery platform; also known as the party of Lincoln.platform; also known as the party of Lincoln.

Dred Scott Decision: Famous case that Dred Scott Decision: Famous case that upheld the right of slave owners as property upheld the right of slave owners as property holders and disallowed slaves to file court holders and disallowed slaves to file court cases.cases.

John Brown: Led an unsuccessful raid at John Brown: Led an unsuccessful raid at Harper’s Ferry arsenal in an attempt to end Harper’s Ferry arsenal in an attempt to end slavery by any means.slavery by any means.

Abe Lincoln: 16Abe Lincoln: 16thth President; Won election of President; Won election of 1860; President during Civil War; 1860; President during Civil War; Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth; Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth; Responsible for Emancipation ProclamationResponsible for Emancipation Proclamation

Standard IVStandard IV South Carolina: 1South Carolina: 1stst state to secede from the state to secede from the

union.union. Winston County: Alabama county that never Winston County: Alabama county that never

seceded from the union.seceded from the union. Virginia: State that split over the decision to Virginia: State that split over the decision to

secede and eventually became two states.secede and eventually became two states. 5454thth Massachusetts: Most famous black Massachusetts: Most famous black

military units to fight in the Civil War.military units to fight in the Civil War. Homestead Act: Act passes to encourage Homestead Act: Act passes to encourage

settlement in the west; passed during the settlement in the west; passed during the Civil War.Civil War.

Morill Land Grant Act: Act passed during the Morill Land Grant Act: Act passed during the Civil War that granted large areas of land to Civil War that granted large areas of land to the states from the federal government.the states from the federal government.

Standard IVStandard IV Emancipation Proclamation: Act passed by Emancipation Proclamation: Act passed by

Lincoln on Jan. 1, 1863 that granted Lincoln on Jan. 1, 1863 that granted freedom to all slaves.freedom to all slaves.

Writ of Habeas Corpus: A person’s right to Writ of Habeas Corpus: A person’s right to know for what they are being detained; know for what they are being detained; this right was suspended by Lincoln during this right was suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War.the Civil War.

Bull Run: 1Bull Run: 1stst major battle of the Civil War. major battle of the Civil War. Antietam: Bloodiest battle of the Civil War.Antietam: Bloodiest battle of the Civil War. Gettysburg: Major defeat of Lee and the Gettysburg: Major defeat of Lee and the

South in Pennsylvania.South in Pennsylvania. Vicksburg: Major battle in Mississippi that Vicksburg: Major battle in Mississippi that

resulted in a complete blockade of the resulted in a complete blockade of the south by the Union.south by the Union.

Standard IVStandard IV General Tecumseh Sherman: Union General General Tecumseh Sherman: Union General

that captured and burned Atlanta and that captured and burned Atlanta and continued southward to Savannah destroying continued southward to Savannah destroying everything in his path.everything in his path.

Gettysburg Address: Speech by U.S. President Gettysburg Address: Speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and one of the most quoted Abraham Lincoln and one of the most quoted speeches in United States history. It was speeches in United States history. It was delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

Appomattox Court House: Location of Lee’s Appomattox Court House: Location of Lee’s surrender to Grant thus ending the Civil War.surrender to Grant thus ending the Civil War.

Reconstruction: Program initiated to return Reconstruction: Program initiated to return southern states to the Union, rebuild the southern states to the Union, rebuild the South’s infrastructure, and protect the rights of South’s infrastructure, and protect the rights of the free blacks.the free blacks.

Black Codes: Laws passed by southern states in Black Codes: Laws passed by southern states in an attempt to undermine the Union.an attempt to undermine the Union.

Standard IVStandard IV Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved to Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved to

the south after the Civil War, voted the south after the Civil War, voted Republican, and were scorned by southerners.Republican, and were scorned by southerners.

Scalawags: Southerners who voted republican Scalawags: Southerners who voted republican after the Civil War and helped the northern after the Civil War and helped the northern Reconstruction effort.Reconstruction effort.

Ulysses Grant: President during Ulysses Grant: President during reconstruction; remembered as being very reconstruction; remembered as being very corrupt.corrupt.

Jim Crow Laws: Laws passed in southern Jim Crow Laws: Laws passed in southern states after reconstruction that stripped states after reconstruction that stripped African Americans of basic rights like voting.African Americans of basic rights like voting.

Tenant Farming: Farming method after the Tenant Farming: Farming method after the Civil War where farmers rented land to grow Civil War where farmers rented land to grow crops.crops.

Sharecropping: Farming where farmers were Sharecropping: Farming where farmers were forced to share crops with landowners.forced to share crops with landowners.

Standard VStandard V