The French and Indian War, a.k.aThe French and Indian War, a.k.a “Seven Years War”“Seven Years War”

“Crash Course”“Crash Course”

(1754 – 1763)(1754 – 1763)The Birth of American Resistance to British The Birth of American Resistance to British

rulerule

Blue: Great Britain, Prussia, Portugal, with alliesGreen: France, Spain, Austria, Russia, Sweden with allies

France’s Empire

-French areas of colonization

-St. Lawrence River Valley,

-Quebec,

- Great Lakes,

-Louisiana

-Interest in trading not colonizing

-better relationship with Indians

-English colonists want to expand into Ohio River Valley

France’s Empire

-Indians resist and ally with French

-Old rivalry with Britain

-multiple wars fought between French and English in past centuries

-1754 conflict ignites again as French begin building forts near Virginia border

French and Indian War

-Virginia Gov’t sends George Washington led militia against the French

•Washington lost Battle of Fort Necessity – forced to surrender and return to VA in disgrace

-The French and Indian allies won many early battles

•Battle of Fort Duquesne

- Victory at Quebec finally gave the British control of the region

•turning point of the conflict

Portrait of George Washington – Charles Willson Peale

The earliest authenticated portrait of George Washington shows him wearing his colonel's uniform of the Virginia Regiment from the French and Indian War.

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Battle of Fort Duquesne, 1755

French and Indian War

-Albany Plan of Union

7 colonies debate forming central government

“Join or Die” – Benjamin Franklin in Poor Richard’s Almanac – the 1st political cartoon

Proposed a central govt. with power to tax and raise army for “common defense” against French and Indians

Plan rejected over issue of taxation

Set precedent for future Continental Congress formed to unify colonies against Britain

French and Indian War

Treaty of Paris of 1763

•France lost all lands in America

•Britain gains Canada; French settlement of Montreal and Quebec remain French today

•Spain ceded Florida to Britain; received French land west of Miss. River (Louisiana) in return for Fla.

Problems after the War

•War left British govt. in huge debt

•Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against British forts and American settlers

•conflicts were becoming costly for Britain

•Proclamation of 1763

•stated that colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mtns.

•Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians

•Ended Period of Salutary Neglect

Opposing Views of British and Opposing Views of British and AmericansAmericans

► British viewsBritish views Low opinion of colonial Low opinion of colonial

military effortmilitary effort► Poorly trainedPoorly trained► ““Disorderly rabble”Disorderly rabble”

Colonies didn’t do their fair Colonies didn’t do their fair shareshare► Some colonies refused to Some colonies refused to

contribute troops or money contribute troops or money for war effortfor war effort

Proclamation of 1763 was Proclamation of 1763 was necessary necessary ► Protection of colonial Protection of colonial

empireempire► Inability to pay for troops Inability to pay for troops

to protect settlersto protect settlers► Forced colonists to pay for Forced colonists to pay for

protection in frontierprotection in frontier

► American viewsAmerican views Proud of military contributionsProud of military contributions

► Gained confidence they could Gained confidence they could defend themselvesdefend themselves

Unimpressed with British Unimpressed with British troops or leadershiptroops or leadership► ““Old” methods of warfare were Old” methods of warfare were

outdated and not suited for outdated and not suited for densely wooded terraindensely wooded terrain

► Americans learned British Americans learned British weaknesses and vulnerabilitiesweaknesses and vulnerabilities

Proclamation of 1763 began Proclamation of 1763 began string of violations of colonial string of violations of colonial liberties and tradition of liberties and tradition of representative governmentrepresentative government► Americans had fought and died Americans had fought and died

for right to settle in westfor right to settle in west► American defiance set tone for American defiance set tone for

revolutionary resistencerevolutionary resistence

HOMEWORK:

1. Complete “Albany Plan of Union” DBQ Activity

2. View YouTube video “The French and Indian War Changes the Fate of America” – link posted on wiki page – complete video viewing guide

3. Complete “Immediate Causes of the Revolutionary War” chart in manual

What if the administration of Butler High What if the administration of Butler High School decided the new “electronic School decided the new “electronic device” policy would be revoked, and device” policy would be revoked, and from now on there would be no cell phone from now on there would be no cell phone use between classes or at lunch?use between classes or at lunch?

How would you feel?How would you feel?

Describe how this is similar to how the Describe how this is similar to how the relationship between Great Britain and relationship between Great Britain and the American colonies changed from the American colonies changed from 1607 to 1776?1607 to 1776?

Complete p. 30 – “Immediate Causes of the Complete p. 30 – “Immediate Causes of the American Revolution”American Revolution”

British Actions that created British Actions that created tension in the colonies: tension in the colonies: Salutary Salutary

Neglect endsNeglect ends►Sugar ActSugar Act (1764) – The (1764) – The GaspeeGaspee►Stamp ActStamp Act (1765) (1765)►Quartering Act (1765)Quartering Act (1765)►Declaratory Act (1766)Declaratory Act (1766)►Townshend ActsTownshend Acts (1767) (1767)►Boston MassacreBoston Massacre (1770) (1770)►Tea ActTea Act (1773) (1773)►Coercive Acts – “Intolerable Acts”Coercive Acts – “Intolerable Acts” (1774) (1774)►Quebec Act (1774)Quebec Act (1774)

1.1. Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 17632.2. Sugar ActSugar Act (1764) (1764) 3.3. Stamp ActStamp Act (1765) (1765)4.4. Townshend ActsTownshend Acts

(1767)(1767)5.5. Boston MassacreBoston Massacre

(1770)(1770)6.6. Tea ActTea Act (1773) (1773)7.7. Coercive Acts / Coercive Acts /

“Intolerable Acts”“Intolerable Acts” (1774)(1774)

A. Bostonians boarded ships and destroyed cargo

B. Defied British law by moving west anyway

C. Colonies called a Continental Congress in Philadelphia

D. Non-importation agreements; wearing homespuns; cries of “no taxation without representation”

E. Increased colonial smuggling and led to destruction of hated British customs ship, Gaspee

F. Renewed cries of “no taxation without representation” and renewed efforts to boycott British goods

G. Fueled resentment of British troops and inspired intense propaganda campaign

How did the colonists RE-How did the colonists RE-ACT?ACT?

►Create a chart that describes the Create a chart that describes the BRITISH ACTION on one side and the BRITISH ACTION on one side and the COLONIAL REACTION on the other.COLONIAL REACTION on the other.

► In the bottom panel create a graphic In the bottom panel create a graphic illustration that accurately and illustration that accurately and thoroughly depicts the situation thoroughly depicts the situation

The American The American RevolutionRevolution??►Was it a Was it a RevolutionRevolution??

Was George Washington any different than Was George Washington any different than George III?George III?

► If Yes, When? How?If Yes, When? How? A Revolution of the MIND!A Revolution of the MIND!

►From subjects of a king, to subjects of themselvesFrom subjects of a king, to subjects of themselves►From Tories to WhigsFrom Tories to Whigs►““republicans” not “democrats”republicans” not “democrats”

Gradual and ReluctantGradual and Reluctant A Civil War (33% / 33% / 33%)A Civil War (33% / 33% / 33%)

►““The Reluctant Revolutionaries”The Reluctant Revolutionaries”

Crash Course:Tea, Taxes, and the American

Revolution►Liberty! The Reluctant Revolutionaries►Liberty! Blows Must Decide►Liberty! These Are the Times That Try

Men’s Souls

Tensions Build

-British heavily in debt because of war

-standing British Army in the colonies

-Trading restrictions established to levy duties (taxes) on certain products

-smugglers avoid paying taxes

Tensions Build

-Writs of Assistance

-Sugar Act

affected merchants and traders

-protests began against taxation without representation

James Otis

Stamp Act

-Parliament passes Stamp Act

-placed a direct tax on the colonists

-required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards

-affected many colonists rich and poor

-Quartering Act, 1765

Stamp Act

-Parliament passes Stamp Act

-placed a direct tax on the colonists

-required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards

-affected many colonists rich and poor

-Quartering Act, 1765

Resistance

-Sons of Liberty

Boston

Samuel Adams

John Adams

-no taxation w/o representation

-protests and boycotts were organized

-stamp agents were harassed

-law eventually repealed

Resistance

-Sons of Liberty

Boston

Samuel Adams

John Adams

-no taxation w/o representation

-protests and boycotts were organized

-stamp agents were harassed

-law eventually repealed

Resistance

-Sons of Liberty

Boston

Samuel Adams

John Adams

-no taxation w/o representation

-protests and boycotts were organized

-stamp agents were harassed

-law eventually repealed

Townshend Acts

-new tax placed on imports such as tea, glass, paper, paint

-colonists again reacted with protests

-British reacted by sending more troops

Boston Massacre-March 1770

-protests by colonists

-British troops fire on crowd

-5 colonists killed

Crispus Attucks

-Most soldiers found not guilty

John Adams served as attorney for the soldiers

DBQ – Albany Plan for UnionDBQ – Albany Plan for Union► pp. 38-41 AMSCO Exam pp. 38-41 AMSCO Exam

Prep bookPrep book► Read the three provided Read the three provided

documents and answer the documents and answer the “Analyzing The Documents” “Analyzing The Documents” Questions 1-3Questions 1-3

► For #3, instead of writing For #3, instead of writing an essay:an essay: Write a Write a thesis statementthesis statement

agreeing or disagreeing with agreeing or disagreeing with the statement providedthe statement provided

Identify at least Identify at least one reason one reason from each of the 3 documentsfrom each of the 3 documents that support your thesis.that support your thesis.

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The Road to Revolution Game