AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

Scientific RevolutionAnd

The Enlightenment

Lesson #8

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

1600s – 1700s

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New Discoveries

1500s and 1600s • Shape of universe• Gravity• Purpose of heart• Scientific method• To discover, based on

pure observation• To challenge the Church

and oppressive leaders

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Scientific Revolution

p. 667 - When was it?1500s and 1600s

What did it change?The way Europeans views the world.

What new approach did this lead to?Scientific Method (a new approach to science study)

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Shape of Universe

5Copernicus

HeliocentricUniverse

p. 667 – what did he show?

the Earth revolved around the sun

Sun

Gathering Data

Used observations to verify and prove heliocentrism

6Kepler

Experiments and gathering data

7Galileo

p. 6671. What did he perfect?

TELESCOPE2. What did he declare?

PLANETS MOVE AROUND THE SUN

3. Who (what) did he irritate?THE CHURCH

Gravity

p. 667 – what did he prove?GALILEO WAS CORRECT (INVENTED CALCULUS TO PROVE IT)

What did he say keeps planets in orbit?

GRAVITY

8Newton

Purpose of the Heart

p. 668 – What did new ideas in medicine challenge?TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES

What did physicians do?MADE ACCURATE DRAWINGS OF THE HUMAN BODY

9Harvey

Why does this matter?• Challenge to the Church• Challenge to the Kings• Challenge to the “old order”• Galileo was even put on trial by the Church

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ENGLISH THEORISTSHobbes and Locke

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Science effects Politics

1500s and 1600s • Scientific Revolution effected philosophers

• Philosophers effected government

• Government would shift from Kings (and dictators) to democracy

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Scientific Revolution

What was it all about?Was all about making sense of the universe

What changed?People starting seeing order in the universe.

They saw nature as “rational” and logical

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If nature is rational, should man be?

Why do we have governments?To keep order & protect us

Do all governments do that?NO! Some are in power so they can take advantage of that power.

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Who gives government power?

Who choses a government?Thomas Hobbes said WE do

Why did Hobbes say we have a government?To protect the evil people in society from killing the innocent people.

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Why do parents hire baby sitters?

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Social Contract

What did he mean?Thomas Hobbes said we give government power to control us.

He called it a SOCIAL CONTRACT

We give up some rights.In return, we are protected.

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John Locke

John Locke talked about your “natural rights.” ?

What was he talking about?p. 668LIFE, LIBERTY, and PROPERTY

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DUTY OF THE GOVERNMENT

What did he say was the duty of the government? (p. 668)TO PROTECT OUR NATURAL RIGHTS

What should the people do if their government fails to protect their rights? (668)REBEL AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT

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FRENCH PHILOSOPHESVoltaire, Montesquieu and Rousseau

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Government• Describe a “bad” government• Describe a “bad” baby sitter• Describe a “bad” teacher• Describe a “bad” parent• Describe a “bad” police officer

• What do they have in common?

ABUSE THEIR POWER

• Describe a “good” government, parent teacher or baby sitter…

PROTECT THE PEOPLE

• What’s the difference?

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Good Government

• Responsible to the needs of the people it rules over

• Fair• Trustworthy• Responsive to the voice

of the people• Protects

VOLTAIRE

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VoltaireP. 668What did Voltaire poke fun at?

FRANCE’S BACKWARDNESSFRENCH GOVERNMENT

What three things did Voltaire say a government should do (allow for)RELIGIOUS TOLERATIONFREEDOM OF SPEECHFREEDOM OF PRESS

VOLTAIRE

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How to prevent dictatorship…

1. Make it fight against itself for power

2. Never allow one man (or group) to have all the power

3. Separate the powers of government

P. 668What are the three branches of Government?LEGISLATIVEEXECUTIVEJUDICIARY

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MONTESQUIEU

How to make government work for us1. Force them to see all of us

are born equal in rights2. No special “ranks”3. Rousseau suggested a

government should be afraid the people it rules over might “remove” him at any time

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P. 668What did Rousseau say government belonged to?THE PEOPLE

Whose will did Rousseau say the government should represent?THE MAJORITY

ROUSSEAU

Describe three aspects that make up a “good” government

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