CHOOSE EXPERTS, FIND PARTNERS

ADVANCED TRAINING FOR DISPATCHERS ON EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

EPPC 2011 - 24 May 2011, Altea

Fortunato Villella, Power System Consulting

2

TABLE OF CONTENT

• Advanced training for dispatchers on emergency procedures

• Full dynamic DTS for large scale system (PEGASE)

• Impact of the self-disconnection on the voltage recovery in case of large presence of rotating load

3

THE EXTENDED ELECTROMECHANICAL MODEL

ClassicalDTS

FAST-DTSand its extended

electromechanical model (EMM)

Long-term phenomena

Short-term phenomena

Electromechanical swings

Loss of synchronism

Simulation of protective devices

VVVVV

Quasi-static phenomenaVLong-term phenomena

Short-term phenomena

Electromechanical swings

Loss of synchronism

Simulation of protective devices

VQuasi-static phenomenaV

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INTEGRATED ARCHITECTURE

Data processing

Power ApplicationFunctions

Real-timedatabase

Simulatordatabase

Simulated data acquisition

Network model

Telemetry model

InstructorSupportSystem

EventSimulator

Trainee

Instructor

= FAST

= EMS from a generic vendor

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Example of advanced scenario“International” scenario• Aim

- Analyze what happened on 4th November 2006

- Reproduce a similar scenario on the DTS

- Train the operators on the POLICY 5 of the ENTSO/E (Emergency Procedures)

• Frequency leader

• Resynchronization leader

- Let the operators familiarize with the concept of

• Synchro check vs synchro coupler

• Synchronous vs asynchronous coupling

• Power and frequency control

• ACE

• …

• Model- Extended electromechamical model

- ± 7000 equations integrated and solved 50 times a second (20 ms step size)

- Connected to the real scada of the TSO

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Scenario International (ELIA)• Sequence of events

- Trip of two lines (Vigy [FR] – Ensdorf [DE] –I+II )

- Consequent overload of trips with a total split of FR-DE, FR-CH, FR-IT (due to trip of overload protections)

- All the flows FR->DE goes through the lines FR-BE-NL

- Overloads on the lines FR-BE with consequent trip and split

- WEST system with FR & BE over-

synchronous (f ≈ 50.12 Hz)

- EAST system with DE & NL–CH under-

synchronous (f ≈ 49.90 Hz)F1=50.12Hz

F2=49.90Hz

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Scenario International• ENTSOE Policy 5 application

- ELIA synchronization leader

• Drives the frequency leaders

• Synchronization on the busbars of the interconnection lines with NL (380kV)

• May use the PST to minimize the post-reconnection flow

- RTE frequency leader WEST

• Decrease the frequency

- RWE frequency leader EAST

• Increase the frequency

RTE -> F1

RWE -> F2

400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000

49.65

49.70

49.75

49.80

49.85

49.90

49.95

50.00

50.05

50.10

50.15

50.20

s

[noord (imported)] NODE FREQUENCY DEIC1A00

[noord (imported)] NODE FREQUENCY FBEZ1A00

860 880 900 920 940 960

402

403

404

405

406

407

408

s

[noord (imported)] VOLTAGE AT NODE : BVYK1B00

[noord (imported)] VOLTAGE AT NODE : BVYK1B01

860 880 900 920 940 960

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

s

[noord (imported)] VOLTAGE ANGLE AT NODE : BVYK1B00

[noord (imported)] VOLTAGE ANGLE AT NODE : BVYK1B01

860 880 900 920 940 960

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

s

[noord (imported)] ACTIVE POWER : 380.27 Meerhout --> Maasbracht

[noord (imported)] ACTIVE POWER : 380.28 Gramme - Maasbracht

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Scenario InternationalConclusions

• Deep analysis of the events of 4th November 2006

• ENTSOE Policy 5 application on a practical case

• Dynamical modeling of the system of fundamental importance- Prime movers and speed governor of the interested units

- Frequency response of the system (loads, prime movers…)

- Voltage angles and synchrochecks/synchro couplers

- UFLS

- Equivalent model of the foreign units (for correct redistribution of the flows)

• Other scenarios simulating a black-out and reconstruction - Analysis of the dynamical behavior that brings to a blackout (e.g. short-circuits,

consequent loss of synchronism, voltage collapses…)

- Analysis of the dynamical behavior and of the limitation of the capability of the machines in case of blackstart (e.g. UEL, capability curve, frequency regulation, units OEL, frequency stability … )

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The next step: the PEGASE project

• PEGASE

- Pan European Grid Advanced Simulation and State Estimation

- Funded by the European Commission / Seventh Framework Program (FP7 - Energy)

- 4 years ( June 2012)

- 20 Partners (TSOs, expert companies, leading research centre)

- Advanced algorithmic, build prototypes of software, demonstrate the feasibility

• System Modelling

• Real-time state estimation (SE)

• Steady State Optimisation (OPF)

• Time domain simulation (including DTS)

• Validation, demonstration and dissemination

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DTS in PEGASE

• Purpose

- Calculation engine able to run system-wide dynamic of the ETN real-time simulation

- Modelling flexibility user-defined models

- Size of the system ~15 000 nodes / ~4000 generators / ~125 000 state variables

• Several control centres

• Scenarios addressing cross border operational issues

• Means

- Parallel processing

- Advanced algorithmic (e.g. multi rate, Schwarz, ... etc.)

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DTS architecture in PEGASE

European Dispatcher Training System

Computation & Training Centre

Operator Console

2(generic)

Operator Console

1(generic) TSO Y

Rem

ote

c

onnect

ions

Central DB

SimulationEngine

Instructor Console(s)

Operator Console(replica)

TSO X

Operator Console(replica)

Localconnections

DTS in PEGASECurrent status• Large scale model with detailed

topology for all the UCTE system developed (~248000 physical nodes)

• Preliminary tests (similar to split 4th Nov 2006) performed

• Performance gap

- Currently it runs at 0.5x real time in average

• SCADA Communication protocol via OPC (Open Productivity & Connectivity)

- Ongoing

• Test MMI based on an in-house software

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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

49.6

49.7

49.8

49.9

50.0

50.1

50.2

50.3

s

[peg_v25_fast_is (imported)] NODE FREQUENCY F0W6JW01

[peg_v25_fast_is (imported)] NODE FREQUENCY A3000204

[peg_v25_fast_is (imported)] NODE FREQUENCY Z0WA4W01

FR

DE

GR

IMPACT OF EMBEDDED LOW VOLTAGE -DISCONNECTION ON THE VOLTAGE STABILITY IN CASE OF LARGE PRESENCE OF ROTATING LOAD• Accurate understanding of power system behavior difficult without

a good knowledge of load behavior

• Power plants: lumped and location of data concentrated when loads are dispersed, diverse and located behind the distribution systems

• Load model used for power system analysis

- averaging behavior and/or dedicated model with large industrial load

- what mix?

- what level of non linearity to capture an adequate level of plausibility especially following large disturbances?

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EXAMPLE OF RECORDINGS WITH HIGH SAMPLING RATE

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May 11 17Workshop "ENERGY SYSTEMS SIMULATION AND MODELING"

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

8

10

s

[DFR_signal_20080814_140203_00 (imported)] Direct Voltage Amplitude(kV)

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

1

2

3

s

[DFR_signal_20080814_140203_00 (imported)] Direct Current Amplitude(kA)

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

49.5

50.0

50.5

s

[DFR_signal_20080814_140203_00 (imported)] Actual frequency (Hz)

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210

20

30

s

[DFR_signal_20080814_140203_00 (imported)] Direct Active Power(MW)

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

-0

10

s

[DFR_signal_20080814_140203_00 (imported)] Direct Reactive Power (Mvar)

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

8

10

s

[DFR_signal_20080814_140202_00 (imported)] Direct Voltage Amplitude(kV)

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

0.04

0.06

0.08

s

[DFR_signal_20080814_140202_00 (imported)] Direct Current Amplitude(kA)

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

49.5

50.0

50.5

s

[DFR_signal_20080814_140202_00 (imported)] Actual frequency (Hz)

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

0.5

1.0

s

[DFR_signal_20080814_140202_00 (imported)] Direct Active Power(MW)

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

0.2

0.4

0.6

s

[DFR_signal_20080814_140202_00 (imported)] Direct Reactive Power (Mvar)

SST1 SST1

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Load model identificationEmbedded under voltage load shedding

• A common general load model is synthesized and implemented

CONCLUSIONS

• Sensitivity to voltage and frequency are NOT sufficient to model the load

- Mostly in presence of large amount of rotating load and power electronic driven loads

• Classical models may give stable results when the system is unstable

• Possible to derive realistic average model including the embedded load shedding using measurements

• Do EMS SA and DSA include load behaviour bifurcation ?

• What is the most efficient way to predict its impact ?

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Paper: Y. A. Jebril, A. I. Ibrahim,S. A. Shaban, S. A. Al Dessi, K. Karoui, F. Depierreux,A. Szekut, F. Villella,

“Development of a detailed dynamic load model and implementation staged testing of DEWA network”,GGG

POWER 2010 CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, Doha 18th – 20th October 2010 ;