Advanced Occupational Standards (AOS) fileThe Advanced Occupational Standards (AOS) are an essential part of quality training programs. They describe the qualifications and competencies,

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Advanced Occupational Standards(AOS)

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Skilled Worker

Copyright © 2010

A D V A N C E D

O C C U P A T I O N A L

S T A N D A R D S

( A O S )

Version December 2010

AOS NO. 841-02.3

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O C C U P A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D S ( A O S )

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AOS NO. 841-02.3 TILE MASON

Table of Contents

Foreword .................................................................................................. 1I Occupational Profile........................................................................................ 3II Core Work Processes..................................................................................... 5841-CWP-01:Workplace Preparation and Organisation .......................................... 6841-CWP-02:Laying Bricks...............................................................................13841-CWP-03:Plastering Internal Walls ...............................................................19841-CWP-09:Fixing Ceramic Tiles .....................................................................23841-CWP-10:Manufacturing of Terrazzo Flooring.................................................31841-CWP-11:Tiling of Wet Rooms, Pools and Outdoor Areas .................................40

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S T A N D A R D S ( A O S )

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Foreword

The Advanced Occupational Standards (AOS) are an essential part of quality training programs. They describe the qualifications and competencies, which a skilled worker should posses in order to perform and be successful at the workplace in Oman.

Consequently, the development of AOS is a core activity in order to ensure the quality of training programs, as well as competency testing which has to be derived from the standards.

The Advanced Occupational Standards evidently focus on occupations rather than jobs. The new standards for Oman comprise of the following parts:

A brief occupational profile. A list of all relevant core work-processes that constitute the occupation. All core competencies relevant for performing each of the core work-processes. Details in terms of objects of work, tools, methods, and the pre-conditions to be met for performing each core work process.

A Work-Process Analysis (WPA) is the procedure that was used to develop the Advanced Occupational Standards on basis of a draft occupational profile. It has taken place in at least 10 leading companies of the industry at the workplace itself with the involvement of the shop-floor level personnel, the curriculum specialists from the Ministry of Manpower (MoM), and the Occupational Standards and Testing Center (OSTC).

During the WPA, it was important that the teams worked closely in partnership with management. This was to gather all significant information concerning the company’s workforce. Namely, the specific skills and competencies required to do the work but also all relevant business and service activities that the company entails. However, it was even more important to observe, note down, and analyze the actual work on the shop floor, the materials, the tools, and the methods applied. Objective of WPA, in this context, was to gather enough concrete information from companies and establishments about core work processes and the core competencies applied on shop floors. This enabled the WPA-teams to develop the comprehensive AOS on the level of skilled workers. Finally, the AOS were endorsed by the Oman Chamber of Commerce and Industry (OCCI) and recommended for implementation in training.

Hence, the AOS are work process oriented, industry based, and they reflect Oman’s private sector needs for skilled work. All training programs targeting skilled work shall be based upon Advanced Occupational Standards where they exist. The AOS define the expected outcome of training and, therefore, are an instrument for quality assurance in training.

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I Occupational Profile

Vocational Discipline: Tile Mason

Common Job Titles: Tile and Mosaic Layer, Wall and Floor Tiler, Ceramic Tile Installer, Marble Setter, Terrazzo Polisher, Terrazzo Worker, Tile Installer, Tile Setter

Occupational Standard No.: 841-02. 3

Occupational Level: Skilled Worker

Educational Requirements: 9 or 10 year of general education or higher educational level

1. Field of Activity and Industrial Areas of Relevant Occupations

Tile Masons work at construction sites, for example, on housing developments, public-sector construction projects, and industrial building sites. They cover interior and exterior walls, floors, patios and pools with ceramic, marble and quarry tile, mosaics or terrazzo.

2. Summary of Core Work Processes and Competencies

Tile Masons base their work on technical documents and job orders. They work independently and in cooperation with others. They plan and coordinate their work, consult and coordinate with supervisors and others working on the site. They also take the measures required for smooth-running operations. Tile Masons always have to comply with the workplace’s health, safety, and environment procedure.

They check their work to ensure error-free execution, document their work, and carry through quality assurance measures supervised by site managers. They handle all kinds of tools, equipment, and materials used for tiling. They prepare surfaces, measure and mark surface to be covered, prepare and build bases or substructures and install anchor bolts, wires and brackets where necessary. Tile Masons mix, apply, and spread mortar, mastic, glue or other adhesives using hand trowel, set tiles in position and apply pressure to affix tiles to base, align and straighten tile using levels, squares and straight edges. They cut and fit tiles around obstacles and openings using hand and power cutting tools, pack grout into joints between tiles and remove excess grout, install tile strips where necessary.

Tile Masons lay and set mosaic tiles to create decorative walls and floor designs, lay and polish terra surfaces, cut, polish and install marble and granite. They also remove and replace cracked or damaged tiles and may prepare cost estimates and material orders.

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3. Working Conditions and Personal Requirements Working Conditions

The construction process at the sites of big companies is often highly specialized. Special planning units handle all of the planning process. Continuous quality control is conducted during the whole production process by Supervisors or Quality Control Engineers. The work processes at the sites are distributed into different hierarchy levels.

The construction process in small and medium sized companies differs; teamwork is essential on construction sites of such companies. The work processes are not divided into small fields of activities as at big construction sites. Measurements and the quality assessment have to be carried out by workers themselves and finally counterchecked by the supervisor and site engineer. Tile Masons work often on scaffolding and have to apply the appropriate safety precautions. The work is physically demanding and some travel may be required to get to various work sites. They work five and half days, 40 to 48-hour weekly. Overtime is sometimes required to meet construction schedules. Tile masons routinely lift items weighing up to 20 kilograms and more. The construction industry, unfortunately, has a high incidence of accidents and a construction site is a dangerous place to work at. Any inattentiveness on a building site can lead to injuries or even death. Knowing the safety rules and regulations and applying them as an integrative part of the daily work process will ensure a safe working life. Every country has its own “Health and Safety Rules and Regulations” and companies are obliged to implement these rules. Negligence will lead to injuries or death and will be subject to legal punishment. Therefore, companies employ specialized personnel to implement and control those rules as well as company intern regulations. Every employee has to follow the rules. Knowing the basics of First Aid is essential and very useful in case of an emergency.

The following competencies are needed in all Core Work Processes… read, write, and articulate instructions in English understand and apply the relevant Omani HSE rules and regulations know and apply the company’s safety procedure, its work organisation and in-house rules, its reporting system and HSE policies know, understand, and apply emergency procedures and apply emergency precautions and First Aid measures for: burns, scalds, shock, eye injuries, fractures wounds with minor and severe bleeding, electrical shock, skin hazards and resuscitation handle basic computer procedures present work results to supervisor effectively communicate and plan the work with co-workers

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II Core Work Processes

The Core Work Processes are presented in the following three steps:

A brief outline of the Core Work Process A list of the Core Competencies A detailing (contextualization) of the Core Work Process

Each Core Work Process can in principle stand for itself – but only in the form of describing the qualification of semi-skilled work in this particular occupation.

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841-CWP-01: Workplace Preparation and Organisation

OUTLINE OF CORE WORK PROCESS:

The core work processes are similar in all construction companies independent of the companies’ size and structure. The operations, methods, and outputs are very similar; it may differ in the work organisation for example, in smaller companies one worker does a variety of tasks, in bigger companies more workers are used for a work process. Customer oriented productions need consultation, discussion, reading construction drawings, calculating time and material consumption, and planning of required tools and workforce. The work area should be prepared according to work orders, company rules, and regulations. Materials such as, aggregates, mortar, blocks, tiles etc., and tools necessary for the core work process have to be prepared and transported. Importantly, in order to assure successful work execution, the preparation and organisation of the workplace should be cost-effective.

LIST OF CORE COMPETENCIES:

For mastering “Workplace Preparation and Organisation” the following core competencies are required:

The competency to…

identify the properties and limitations of materials correctly apply them to the specific the work task utilize basic calculation methods to determine the required material quantities and estimate the execution time specify assessment methods for constructional drawings and work documentations to detect possible errors select and use protective clothing and devices according to work tasks identify, rectify, and report hazards at a construction site operate different types of tools and machines for mixing and transporting mortar and concrete correctly apply measuring tools to a specific work tasks correctly handle and use materials for the given work task appropriately and safely store different materials e.g., binders, aggregates, block and bricks etc. to protect from environmental influences correctly select, measure, and mix aggregates and binders according to requirements and instructions given transport mortar to avoid segregate and assure its availability for the different work tasks efficiently prepare workplace to reduce working time, damages to materials and to reduce strain on workers independently and accurately measure and mark-out walls and other components according to instructions follow regulations for working with scaffoldings and use them according to health

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and safety regulations

employ the correct safety procedures for mixing and using mixing machines know, understand, and apply safety rules and regulations and protective measures for tools, machinery, equipment, working under cranes and lifting operation specific to a work task communicate with co- workers in case of potential hazards and of an emergency at the place of work safely deal with flammable products and chemicals

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841-CWP-01: Workplace Preparation and Organisation

DETAILING THE CORE WORK PROCESS:

Objects of skilled work

Tools, methods used,

organisation of skilled work

Requirements in terms of skilled work and technology in use

Communication Processes in the company

Order by customer or foreman/engineerEnglish language communication skills, handling written and oral instructionsKnowledge of the production process and company departmentsUnderstand work organisation and company’s in-house rulesCommunication with co-workers

ToolsCompany regulations, forms, procedures, reporting system, Computers, Drawings, written instructions

MethodsCommunication process in the organisational hierarchyFilling-in ordering forms Reading and evaluating Drawings Applying Work orders Controlling by supervisor or foreman Presenting work results to supervisors/foreman

Organisation Cooperating and communicating with co-workers, applying in-house rules and regulations, following line management procedures and work organisation.

Basics of Safety at the Workplace

Safety procedures and regulationsInternational and national regulations Safety procedures and regulations in companiescompany procedures, forms, emergency proceduresDanger and hazard identification faults in equipment, tools, premises,obstructions to safe passage ways, electrical supply etc

ToolsHealth, Safety and Environment regulationsProvision and use of work equipmentSafety signs/symbols Safety literatureCodes of practice, permits to work Sign boards

MethodsCompany accident reporting system Identification methods to pinpoint work-place hazards, hazard checklists Safety policies Evacuation procedures Organisation of tool box meetings, safety discussions

By customers Customer-oriented servicecustomer-oriented suggestions cost-effective work and material preparationcorrect handling of materials transferringmeasurements correctlyWork execution undersafe working proceduresReliable estimation of required material and time consumption

For skilled worker Well organised workflow Efficient cooperation and communication with colleagues and supervisorsdamage reporting Apply safety rules andregulations and working standards Know methods for dealing with unauthorized personnel Material and Tool flowis well organised

By company Familiarity with work organisation and in-house rules of construction companies

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Personnel protection measures and Safety signs

First Aid Facilities, equipment, treatments

ToolsHelmets, safety glasses, Ear protection, personal safety clothing, Different types of safety signs (Danger, Prohibition, Mandatory, Warning, Fire etc.)

MethodsUsing correct personal safety devices according to work,Following safety procedures for personal protectionPreparing secure area, Executing securing steps like switching off the power, Resuscitation methods First Aid measures according to injury Dealing with victim Alarm procedures for emergency organisationsReporting of accidents

Organisation Organising First aid courses, procedures,Tool Box meetings, safety courses, communication processes by accidentsImplemented company regulations and procedures for emergencies, controlling safe working procedures

Identify the potential hazards on building sites, tools, equipment and substances and inform workers accordinglyApply protective safety measures (protective clothing, ladders, noise, fires, excavation,hazardous substancesin construction, glass,flammable products, cranes and lifting appliances) Recognize the necessaryauthorizationfor the use of machines and tools Apply First Aid and emergencyprecautions Well organised communicationprocedures, reporting system and line managementLeadership on construction sites, company,implementedreporting system, company’s work ethics and policies, Labour Law information, Rules for personnel management, Dealingwith organisational problems and personnel problems atthe construction site,Conflict management

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Using Drawings, Forms and Information material

Basic knowledge and application with computer software and drawing instruments Usage of assessment methods for constructional drawings and work documentations Basic knowledge in evaluations of measurements in drawings

ToolsConstruction drawings, forms, contracts, 3D Visualisations, drawing software, computer, calculator, drawing instruments

MethodsExtracting information Assessment methods as control function Basic calculation proceduresError reporting

Organisation Co-operation with supervisor and co-workers,Controlling basic measurements before work execution, Reporting errors to supervisor

Working with building materials, tools and equipment

Types, properties, applications of materials Handling and storage of materials Types, usage and storage of tools and equipmentMixing methods and transporting mortar Determining quantities of materials needed, mixing ratios, yield

Working with machineries, tools, plants rules, procedures, reporting, what to do in cases of an accident

ToolsMixers, gauging tools, hand tools, transport equipment, machinery used, tables for mortar mixes

MethodsUsage of materials according to application Storing methods, for different materials, influence of weather, protective measures; avoiding damage, storing dangerous substances, binders, aggregates etc Handling of materials to avoid damages and wastage Disposing methods Mixing times and methods for mortar/concrete according to usage Basic calculation methods to determine quantities, mixer fillings, yield, ratios

ToolsSpecifications and regulations for

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Lifting operations working with cranes and other lifting appliances

working with different construction machineries

Reporting procedures and forms Safety regulations for working with cranes and lifting appliances

Ropes, steel cables, crane hooks Lifting aids

Methods Checking tools, machinery and plants for correct functioning

Reporting damages and faults Lifting methods Establishing safe working area Avoiding working under hanging load Checking equipment Usage of correct tools, ropes, cables, hooks

Lifting techniques (single lift, team lifting, Lifting aids)

Organisation Evaluating workplace regarding safety hazards, tool box meetings

Workplace preparation Workplace organisation for efficient work performance

Setting-up basic access platforms

Measuring at building sites

Tools Basic access platforms; ladders, trestles, meter, measuring tape, water level, bricklayers line, levelling instrument

Specifications and regulations for access platforms, report procedures and forms

Methods Setting-up the workplace economically with the correct placement of materials and tools

Stetting-up method for different scaffoldings

Correct usage of access in accordance with work tasks

Correct assembling methods Security measures for height above

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two meter, Methods of attaching ladders, securing methods Measuring, marking-out methods and calculations for transferring measurements (length and height) from drawings to reality

Organisation Preparation of tools, equipment and workplace, Toolbox meetings, workflow organisation,material delivery to workplace

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841-CWP-02: Laying Bricks


Masons build different types of straight walls made of blocks. They work with construction drawings, extract the necessary information, check the measurements, and then mark-out the position of the walls, construction components and openings. They place the blocks on a mortar bed, align the blocks with plumb lines, spirit levels, and work them into position. Masons ensure that the course height and length are correct. When building a wall, the mason uses either the corner lead or the corner pole method. They fasten the corner poles in a plumb position to define the wall. After corner leads are complete, masons’ fill-in the wall between the corners using a bricklayer’s line from corner to corner to guide each course. The corner poles enable masons to build an entire wall simultaneously. Where necessary, masons scratch out the joints and fill it with mortar. When erecting walls the masons have to follow bond rules, using the correct bond according to instructions and ensure the thickness of the joints and their alignment. Masons may set-up access platforms following safety rules. They may determine used materials, control their work result, and report to the foreman. Safety rules and regulations must be applied at all times.


For mastering “Laying Bricks” the following core competencies are required:


handle machine and hand tools for block laying correctly identify the properties and limitations of materials according and correctly apply them to the work task collecting relevant information for the work order from drawings transfer measurements from drawings to reality and correctly to mark-out positions of walls, components and openings using the correct tools apply quality control measures like controlling course height, joint thickness, joint alignment and verticality to its own work and execute work tasks in the given time frame follow bond rules in accordance with instructions or specifications when laying bricksdetermine measurements and quantities of required materials and select them accordingly cut blocks to required size by hand and or cutting machine manufacture corner leads or corner poles in plumb position set-out the bricklayer’s line between corners to establish correct course alignment and course heights spread mortar and level it to the appropriate thickness lay courses of bricks/blocks for different types of walls and wall elements for various structural purposes following the correct bond rules constructing walls between columns using blocks check the vertical and horizontal alignment of joints and courses

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fill-in joints and clean wall surface from mortar smudging and grout runs reduce wastage when executing brick/block laying tasks clean workplace, tools and equipment

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841-CWP-02: Laying Bricks


Objects of skilled work Tools, methods used, organisation of skilled work


Planning and Preparation

Safety precautions and environmental protection

Quality control measures

Vertical and horizontal alignment, Bond, joints, overall picture Information collection from drawings and transfer measurements to reality, drawings of different scales, extracting relevant information

ToolsDrawings, meter ruler Straight edge Bricklayers angle Spirit level, level instrument Markers (chalks) Calculator, tables

MethodsChecking lengths and height by tape, level, spirit level etc, checking vertical and horizontal alignment of components, Visual checks of bond, joints, validating the overall appearance

Measurements of blocks, Bond rules,Classification of walls

Carcass Standard Gauges, nominal dimensions Bond types and rules Minimum measure-ments for walls with different tasks, length, thickness and heights Types of walls

MethodsRecognizing different drawings and their purpose Defining length, heights, openings and other measurements Extracting types of materials for selectionTransferring lengths and height by tape, level, spirit level etc Transferring measurements from different scaled drawing Measurements for brick and blocks (Carcass standard gauges etc)Interrelation of measurements Bonding rules and regulations (for load bearing and non-load bearing bond; English-, English-cross Bond; walls with quoins, junctions, intersections, acute and oblique angle walls , racking and toothing bonds, recess and

By customer Professional project preparation

For the worker Correct and safe handling of hand and machine tools Careful management of equipment and tools Well organised workflowWork executed in given time Efficient and smooth cooperation with colleaguesApplication of safety working practice Complying with the quality management standards and procedures

By company

Reliable estimation of required material and time consumption

Familiarity of workers with work tasks and proceduresSupply materials and tools on timeComply with the regulatory and environmentalrequirements Provide safetymeasures and control of safe working proceduresExecute toolbox meetingto inform workers Provision of smooth working practice

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Objects of skilled work Tools, methods used,



projection; bonds for outside walls and decorative bonds)

Wall classifications and their purpose, technical requirements

Manufacturing methods for load bearing wall, stiffening wall, non-load bearing walls, walls as fire protection, cavity walls, reinforced brick walls; fair-faced walls

Mortar for bedding and joints

mortar types/groups, mixing ratios for bricklaying and plastering

aggregates, water, binders (requirements, properties)

Methods Mortar groups and mortar usage Mixing ratio and mixing methods Types, Properties of aggregates and binders used, interrelations of mixes and their properties

Determine required blocks and mortar measurements and quantities

Calculating quantities of mortar and blocks/bricks needed, area and volume calculation

Measurements of openings, wall length, wall heights

Methods Calculation methods to determine thickness, lengths, height of walls, openings, recesses produced with blocks and bricks

Calculating quantities of bricks and mortar

Determining areas and volumes

Block and Brick laying Operations

Tools Trowel, tuck pointer Bricklayer’s Hammer Jointing trowel Bricklayer’s trowel Chisel, brick cutter/saw

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Wedges, plumb lines, Levelling instrument Corner poles/course gauges Bricklayer’s line Straight edge Bricklayers’ angle Water level Mixing machine, protective clothing

Workplace preparation Preparing mortarWork organisation Erecting scaffolding for bricklaying if necessary

MethodsSelecting methods for materials and tools according to work tasksSetting-up workplace for optimal work executionMixing mortar according to work tasksSetting up of a bricklayers scaffolding, Implementing safety rules and regulations Distribution of work

Constructing straight walls and cornersWith different block/bricks formats, bonds and wall thickness,Walls with openings,Panelling between columns,Constructing walls with intersections and junctions Different types of joints

MethodsCorner lead method Corner pole method Bonding methods (stopped end, stretcher English bond, English Bond with recess and projection, English cross bond)Bond rules for blocks and bricks, influence of wall thickness Manufacturing methods using blocksManufacturing methods using bricksBond rules and execution methods for intersections and junctions Scratching out the joints and jointing with other type of mortarCleaning wall surface from mortar smudging/grout runsDeposition of waste

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Final control of joint patterns and alignments

Organisation of work Team work organisation and distribution of work tasks, Line management,Toolbox meetings, safety awareness of workers, Correct information flow, work orders,Providing execution drawing, Implementing quality managementChecks and approval of executed work by foreman/supervisor

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841-CWP-03: Plastering Internal Walls


Masons need to understand the properties of plaster systems, the materials, mixing ratios and application. Masons prepare wall surfaces constructed of different materials by cleaning the surfaces, removing dust and old coating, filling cracks, holes, and joints, they may bridge openings and test the suction behavior of materials. If necessary, they may have to erect simple scaffoldings. After preparing the surface of walls and mixing mortar ingredients to desired consistency, the mason applies the different coats, levels and smoothes them by using trowels, floats and brushes. They check the thickness of the coats and the alignment, and may provide different structured final coats depending on instructions. Masons secure the quality of the plaster and cure the freshly plastered surface. They clean the worksite and tools after work completion. Tile masons apply safety rule and regulations at all times, adhere with company regulations, and deposit waste in an environmentally friendly way.


For mastering “Plastering Internal Walls” the following core competencies are required:


apply the knowledge about plaster systems, materials, mortars and tools to the work tasks given prepare, organise and monitor the own work tasks according to work order apply quality control measures and execute work processes in the given time framecorrectly use and handle tools and materials for plastering work erect scaffoldings in accordance with the work process identify and select materials for mixing of plastering mortar and applying the appropriate mixing ratio mix suitable mortar components thoroughly in accordance to mixing rules using the appropriate mixing method, tools and mixing time check, verify and test backgrounds and their suction behaviours prepare the background by executing all necessary measures to provide a sound surface define plaster thickness and prepare plaster screeds to provide the correct thicknessadhere to correct working steps to apply the different coats of plaster to wall surfaces create the final coat according to design and instructions cure plaster surfaces using appropriate techniques clean workplace, tools and equipment

always comply with the safety, health and environment procedures and policies

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841-CWP-03: Plastering Internal Walls



Tools, methods used, organisation of skilled work


Planning and Preparation

Health, Safety and Environment Precautions safety regarding mortar mixing, usage of machinery

Quality control measuresSurface structure, evenness, vertical and horizontal alignment, even thickness, overall appearance

ToolsConstructional drawings and itemized lists Specifications of materials Manufacture’s information Work orders/instructions Mixing ratio tables Calculator

MethodsFirst aid for working with mortar Safety rules for working with mixing machines

Information collectionsupplier’s information / manuals, mortar/ binder types and specifications, necessary information from drawings etc.

MethodsVisual checks, checks with measuring tools ensuring evenness, vertical, horizontal alignments and thickness

Plaster systems: selection of appropriate plaster mortars( types/ requirements), structure of plaster coats, mixing plaster mortars, yield, ratios, external and internal plaster mortar

MethodsSpecification of aggregates and bindersTypes of binders, mixing tools and equipment, mixing methods, ratios, yield plaster systems and usage Coating Methods for internal and external plaster

Plaster mortar preparation

Required binders and aggregates, plaster mortar quantities

MethodsBatching, mixing ratios, mixing time according plaster specification

Calculation methods for determining materials, ratios,

By customers specifications and technical quality norms Drawings, project information Supervision

For the worker Proper and careful handling of tools and equipmentfor safety at work Comply with the quality management standards and procedures Meeting safety precautions particularly indealing with mortar Staying in given timeframe for work executionFollowing reporting systemApplying correct techniques to work task Following orders correctlyReporting error, damaged tools etc.

By company Familiarity with procedures of operation and safety regulations Reliable estimation required material and time consumption Keep all devices in safe and well functioning Select and provide appropriate equipment Provide materials on time Adherence to safety, health and environment regulations

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mixer quantities, determining areas to plaster, plaster quantities, wastage

Plaster work execution for different structural components

Workplace Preparation Preparing plastering mortar

Work and workplace organisation

Erecting scaffolding for bricklaying if necessary

Tools Trowel, angle trowel Different types of floats Brushes Straight edge Meter ruler Hammer, shovel Mortar bucket Water bucket/ water hose Hand mixer, mixing machine Industrial gloves Protective clothing

Methods Selecting methods for materials and tools according to work tasks

Setting-up workplace for optimal work execution

Batching, mixing plaster mortar according to work tasks

Setting up of a scaffolding, Implementing safety rules and regulations

Distribution of work

Background preparation

Surface testing, surface preparation

Testing, cleaning, racking of joints, closing openings/ gaps, background

Bonding agents Mortar rules / screeds (wood/mortar),

Mortar preparation

Methods Background testing and preparation methods, testing of suction,

Covering methods for openings, cracks, joints etc

Preparation of different background materials

Material testing operations for plastering

Pre-treatment of backgrounds Types of screeds and application of screeds for alignment/levelling to be straight, true and vertical

Batching, mixing methods

Appropriate timeframe for work execution

Implement customers specifications

Provide correct cost estimations and bills according to work advancement

Documentation of executed work

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Internal plastering internal plaster normal wall, columns and ceilingsinternal plaster for wet rooms

MethodsPlaster system for interior plaster and wet rooms Application methods by hand, machinery, striking-off, keying, coating (spatter dash, undercoat, floating coat etc)Floating methods Design and floating methods for final coat Alignment methods, quality measuresPlastering methods for ceilings and horizontal surfaces Curing methods for plaster

Repairing plaster surfacesIdentification of defects and their possible cause and existing type of plaster material Rehabilitation of damaged plaster surfaces

MethodsIdentification methods for existing plaster Recognizing plaster damages and their cause (background error, mixing error, application error)Repair methods for plaster surfaces (removing, background preparation, choosing mortar type, etc) Waste management methods

Organisation Technical drawings, detail drawings, Tables for mortar mixes, work schedules, work tasks distribution, materials for plaster mixes. current standards, technical norms, safety protection regulations and workplace safety precautions, reporting damages on materials and tools, checks and approval of executed work by foreman/supervisor

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841-CWP-09: Fixing Ceramic Tiles


Tile Masons cover different types of surfaces like walls, floors, stairs, and other building components or surfaces according to work orders. They use materials like ceramic tiles, mosaics, terrazzo tiles and tiles made of natural materials. The tiles can have different shapes and can be laid in different pattern according to customers wishes.They select the essential materials, tools and equipment in accordance with the work task. Tile Masons prepare backgrounds like wall- and floor surfaces for tiling. They measure and mark surfaces to be covered, define the distribution of tiles and calculate the needed materials. They set guides for bedding tiles, align them vertically and horizontally, or apply a gradient to create a slope.

Tile Masons mix, apply, and spread mortar, mastic or other adhesives. They set tiles in position, align them, and tap them into place to fix the tiles to the base. Masons align and straighten tiles using levels, squares, and straight edges. They cut and fit tiles around obstacles and openings using hand- and electrical cutting tools. They pack grout into joints with a grout float or grouting trowel, remove excess grout, and clean the surfaces. Masons replace cracked or damaged tiles and maintain tiled surfaces. Tile Masons apply safety rule and regulations at any time, adhere with company regulations, and deposit waste in an environmentally friendly way.


For mastering “Fixing Ceramic Tiles” the following core competencies are required:


effectively plan, organise, and monitor the own work execution following the Code of Practice effectively apply quality control measures for the own work accurately interpret technical information and extract datum, dimensions, and materials from drawings and other information sources available. prepare reference marks and transfer datum's’

correctly and safely handle machine and hand tools necessary for the tiling work

determine the distribution of tiles on different surface forms and gradients

accurately calculate the amount of required materials for a specific jobmark-out service installations and set-out of patterns select and confirm suitability of aggregates, materials, tools, and equipment report defects and deficiencies of materials and tools prepare the background surface by cleaning, roughen the surface, wet it; apply spatter-dash and bridging unsuitable background surfaces mix bedding mortar to the correct consistency by selecting the appropriate

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aggregates prepare and place corner tiles and tile guides exactly at the staring position prepare tiles for bedding considering types of tiles, size and colour (nip-off, rebate, make holes, and water them) choose the correct bedding method establish a chalked centreline in a room and determine the centre point of the roomdry lay tiles from the centre point to the far end of the wall and the wall corner (after setting batten) using spacers install battens on the last whole tile to create a rectangular corner (if the wall corners are not square or walls are not straight) lay ceramic tiles between the corner-tiles vertically and horizontally or on a sloped surface install sheets of mosaic tiles and other ready-made mosaic tiles to floors and wallsinstall mosaic tiles of different shapes/ materials/colours to a given design using the direct and indirect method create mosaic designs for different materials and installing it to walls and floors point and grout joints with the correct materials according to the design identify damages to tile surfaces and the materials used on such surfaces apply and secure new tiles grout the joints and clean tile surface and the working area dispose wastes in an environmentally friendly way

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841-CWP-09: Fixing Ceramic Tiles




Planning and Preparation of the Work Process

Safety precautions and environmentalprotection

ToolsInformation papers about safety Company internal forms for reportingConstruction drawings Mixing machine Shovel, hand tools for tiling Basic access platforms for tiling Meter, measuring tape Water level, levelling instrument Company internal forms for reporting

MethodsSafe working methods (for cutting tiles etc.) Working on scaffoldings Lifting techniquesTransporting method


Information from drawings and transfer to realityDatum, dimensions, materials, lay-outs etc

MethodsWays to ensure quality for tiling work(checking backgrounds, vertical and horizontal alignment, evenness, slopes etc)

Extract the necessary information from drawings and information sources relevant for the work order (datum, height, length, thickness, materials, sizes, bedding method etc.)

Quantity Surveying Needed materials Distribution of tiles, Mortar yield Calculation of technical details Cost calculations

MethodsCalculation methods for determining areas, mortar and aggregates quantities, yield, Calculating slopes, gradients Calculating the distribution of tiles (symmetric, non-

By customers Providing planning specifications and technical quality norms Drawings, project information Supervision

For the worker Careful handling of hand-,machine tools and measurement tools according to work tasks Well organised workflow of own work Work executed in given time Efficient cooperation with colleaguesReducing waste when cutting tiles, mixing etc. Execute work exactly according to orderProvide vertical, horizontal, even tile surfacesFollow working steps for producing tile surfaces cost effective Comply with the quality management standards ofthe companyAvoiding endangering others through own behaviour

By company Familiarity with procedures of operation and safety regulations Reliable estimation required material and time consumption

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symmetric)Calculating qualities of needed tiles and wastage for a work taskDetermining of costs (material, execution)

Planning the work Workplace preparation Aggregates and mortar Characteristics of tiles and other materials and usage and limitation Reporting deficiencies, Access platforms preparation

MethodsSelection of materials and tools according work task, Usage of materials according to their characteristic properties and limitations related to work tasktiling mortar or adhesive: (mixing , mixing ratios, yield of mortar, batching methods, mixing times application methods for adhesives) choosing tiling methods (considering their characteristics and limitations for ceramic tiles, thin-bed or thick-bed method) types of patterns, balancing the symmetric, design patterns, décor tiles, sockets, socket tiles Setting-up the workplaceeconomically with the correct placement of materials Measuring, marking-out methods and calculations for transferring measurements (length and height) from drawingsStoring methods, for different materials, influence of weather, protective measures; avoiding damage, storing dangerous substances, binders, aggregates Handling of materials to avoid damages andDisposal and waste managementReporting about damages (Materials, tools, building

Keep all devices in safe and well functioning Select and provide appropriate equipment Provide materials on time Adherence to safety, health and environment regulationsAppropriate timeframe forwork executionImplement customers specifications Provide correct cost estimations and bills according to work advancementDocumentation of executed work

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components)

Organisation Technical drawings, detail drawings, tables, handbooks, computer programs;Implementing current standards, technical norms and code of practice; Catalogues, manuals and lists from manufacturers; Regulations for safety protection, actual regulations for safety at work and safety precaution; symbols, lifting and handling heavy loads; Working in teams work organisation, skilled workers are responsible for quality control

Execution and monitoring of tile setting operations

ToolsTile cutter, grinder, meter Tooth edged trowel Wall and floor trowels Chisel, glass cutter, tile scriber / rule, rail cutter angleRubber mallet (small block of wood)Grout float Tile hammers, tile guide Pointing tool Aluminium batten, straight edge Adhesive-, jointing trowel Sponge pads Spirit level, nippers, pliers Hooks, wheel barrow Mixing machine Levelling instrument Polish machine Scaffolding Protective clothing

Background surface preparationBackground

MethodsIdentification of back grounds and their suction behaviour

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preparationBridging gapsFloor preparation

Preparation methods for different types of backgrounds Suction control methods Cleaning methods Mixing methods for spatter-dash Bridging methods for different unsuitable backgrounds like openings, cracks, slits etc. Preparing methods for floors (cleaning, screeding, establishing gradients etc.)

Dimensional positioningSetting-out patterns, Distribution of tiles

MethodsTransferring of heights with levelling instrument, meter, level, water level (transferring datum, marking-out service installations, height transfer)Marking-out methodsSetting gradients Tile distribution method (Wall, Floors)

Tiling walls Mortar production, AdhesiveTile preparation Execution of tiling Backsplash

MethodsBatching and mixing methods according to work tasks and materials used ( mortar mix, consider: characteristics and aggregates of mortar; binders – Portland Cement, hydrated lime, adhesives, mortar consistency)Preparation and shaping methods for tiles (nipping off and rebating, making holes, dividing and cutting of ceramic tiles, soaking of tiles ) Distribution of tiles (symmetric, asymmetric, methods for distribution of tiles, calculations Setting of guides (corner tiles, tile guides, footboard vertical, horizontal alignment)Bedding method (thick-bed and thin-bed method, bedding

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between corner tiles, bedding with mortar and adhesive) Methods to ensure the vertical, horizontal alignment, the evenness of the surface and anglesChecking methods for alignments of tiles and joints, angles, plumbingFixing of socket tiles Joints and grouting method (slurry grouting, pointing techniques, coloured joints ) Execution of permanent elastic joints and expansion joints Cleaning tiled surfaces, workplace, waste disposal, storingSafety rules and Regulations

Tiling of floors (with and without gradient) working rules for tiling of floors and horizontal surfaces

MethodsProperties of floor tiles Distribution of tiles, patterns, calculations, Preparation work (height, angles, gradients) Setting-up chalk line and battensWorking procedures, starting point, manufacturing guides Bedding methods for floor tiling, Setting gullies Joints and grouting method (slurry grouting, pointing techniques, coloured joints ) Execution of permanent elastic joints and expansion joints Cleaning tiled surfaces, workplace, waste disposal, storingSafety rules and Regulations

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Tiling of stairs, landing and stair wells walls Tiling materials for stairs, tiling method, sockets, stair case walls

MethodsDefining background, preparing background accordingly (suction, adhesives, possible solutions)Distribution of tiles, (patterns, wall connections execution, landing tile distribution, wall/trim connection and calculations)Working procedures (starting point, top to bottom, , riser and tread execution according to design)Bedding methods for stair tiling (floor and wall, wall tiling designs) Joints and grouting method (slurry grouting, pointing techniques, coloured joints, ready made mortar for joints) Execution of permanent elastic joints and expansion joints Cleaning tiled surfaces, workplace, waste disposal, storingSafety rules and Regulations

Organisation Detailing of stairs, pattern definition,Implementing current standards, technical norms and code of practice; Quality control and supervision, line management

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841-CWP-10: Manufacturing of Terrazzo Flooring


Tile Masons provide the customer with suggestions and sketches for terrazzo patterns or they follow designs given by an architect. Terrazzo can be constructed in situ or pre-cast in a factory. Terrazzo can be used for floors, stairs, work counters, windowsills etc. Tile masons select materials, necessary tools, and equipment in accordance with the task.A wide variety of different aggregates, like marble chips, granite chips, quartz chips and other materials are used in accordance with the work order. They may lay a polythene membrane on the base concrete to separate the terrazzo layer from the base structure and to allow the terrazzo floor to move due to thermal expansion and contraction. He may also create monolithic terrazzo with solid bonding to the load bearing structure incorporating movement joints into the terrazzo floor. Masons’ provide mortar screeds including (special formwork for terrazzo patterns) with/without gradient and applies mortar between screeds. Coloured oxides may be applied in the mortar/concrete mix, which they thoroughly mix with cement. The mason may lay brass strips, aluminium, plastic, corresponding to the character of the floor to create patterns and separating sections of different colours or to act to relieve shrinkage stress. Polyurethane tape may be placed between wall and floor structure. After a given setting and curing period the surface of the terrazzo will be sanded, filled and polished by the tile mason. This process requires a high degree of special skills to ensure quality finishing. It needs a thorough knowledge of concrete characteristics to take essential action required to ensure good quality products. The tile mason is also qualified to manufacture polished concrete surfaces to create a more inexpensive surface resembling terrazzo.

All relevant safety rules and regulations should be applied at all times, and masons should communicate competently with supervisors and colleagues.


For mastering “Manufacturing of Terrazzo Flooring” the following core competencies are required:


effectively plan, organise, and monitor the own work execution following the Code of Practice effectively apply quality control measures for the own work accurately interpret technical information and extract datum, dimensions, and materials from drawings and other information sources available prepare reference marks and transfer datum's’ identify and select the correct materials according to work order

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select and use machine and hand tools correctly and safely check the base surface (plumb, true with scare corners) and apply correcting measures if necessary ( self levelling underlayment and compatible with the setting mortar) prepare the base (cleaning and removing of curing membranes, oil etc.) check and ensure installation of all anchors, outlets, and other inserts install isolation membranes and other structural measures according to work orderslocate, determine and install expansion and control joints according to technical drawings place dilation boards made of aluminium, brass or plastic and preparing expansion (movement) joint install polyurethane tape along the perimeter mix terrazzo according to mixing instructions thoroughly pour terrazzo material into floor area in the correct thickness create the final terrazzo layer and mix it with fine aggregates, toss additional marble or other chips and roll it with a light weight roller and ensure the setting period for cast terrazzo sand and file the terrazzo surfaces and inspect surfaces for scratches and swirl marksgrind the terrazzo surface and carefully clean and inspect the floor polish the floor with a polishing machine complying with the correct working procedures apply a temporary strippable coat of seals as protective measure throughout the construction period impregnate and wax the final terrazzo floor design and sketch basic terrazzo patterns manufacture polished concrete surfaces in accordance with the correct working procedures effectively advice and explain customers the methods on how to maintain terrazzo floors repair existing terrazzo floors and historical floors correctly dispose wastes in an environmentally friendly way

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841-CWP-10: Manufacturing of Terrazzo Flooring




Planning and Preparation Safety precautions and environmental protection

Quality control measures against shrinking, expansion, expansion joins etc.

Tools Information papers about safety Company internal forms for reporting

Construction drawings Architectural information Manufacturer information Design drawings Calculator, measuring tape water level, levelling instrument

Methods Safe working methods (working with mortar etc.)

Safe Lifting techniques and transporting method

Information from drawings and transfer to reality

extracting information Quantity Surveying needed materials mortar yield, mixes etc. cost

Methods Ways to ensure quality (checking backgrounds, horizontal alignment, evenness, slopes)

Influence of shrinking, expansion, construction methods, joint execution

Datum, dimensions, materials construction methods

Interpreting of technical drawings and extracting information necessary

Basic calculation methods to determine quantities, mixer fillings, yield, ratios and other needed materials

Estimation of time for work task execution

Cost of materials, cost per m2 tiled area

Planning the work

Selection/ types (standards, venetian, structural- & rustic

By customers Providing planning specifications and technical quality norms

Drawings, project information

Defining terrazzo specifications, execution details etc

Defining of tolerances Supervision

For the worker Careful handling of hand-, machine tools and measurement tools according to work tasks

Well organised workflow of own work

Work executed in given time

Efficient cooperation with colleagues

Reducing waste when, mixing aggregates etc.

Execute work exactly according to order

Provide horizontal, even t surfaces

Follow working steps for producing terrazzo, terrazzo tile surfaces cost effective

Comply with the quality management standards of the company

Avoiding endangering others through own behaviour

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Workplace preparation Material, tools, equipment selection and distribution,reporting deficiencies,

terrazzo, resinous, precast, epoxy, polyacrylate, monolithic, sand cushion) Requirements depending on usage of the floor materials and tools,(needed aggregatesmaterials)Characteristic terrazzo mix, (colour pigments, types of chips mixing method, mixing ratios, yield of mortar, batching methods, mixing times) Expansion/ movement joints and other joint Insulation materials (floor and wall, dilating measures (aluminium, brass etc) Considering quality control measuresSetting-up the workplaceeconomically with the correct placement of materials Measuring, marking-out methods and calculations for transferring measurements (length and height) from drawings to reality Usage of materials according to application and weather protective measures Handling of materials to avoid damages and wastage Mixing times and methods for terrazzo mixes according to usage and design execution of expansion joints, distribution of joints installing insulation materials Transporting method Disposal and waste management

Organisation Teamwork, Skilled workers are also responsible for quality control, time frame for work execution

By company Reliable estimation of material and time consumption Staff familiarization with procedures of operation and safety regulationsSecuring workplace from unauthorized peopleKeep all devices in safe and well functioning condition Organisation of workflow, time keeping and site management process Punctual material supplyMeeting regulatory and environmental requirements Provide safety measures and control of safe working proceduresAdhere to safety regulationsMeet regulatory andenvironmentalrequirements Execute tool box meetings

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Working drawings, working orders, technical information, Code of practice, current standards, technical norms Actual regulations for safety at work and safety precaution; Toolbox meetings

Execution and monitoring of terrazzo manufacturing operations

ToolsTile, hand tool, square-notched trowel, and other trowels Light weight roller Edging tools Jointer, straight edge Rakes, shovels Hand or power trowels Floats, pointing tool Power hand grinder Power grinderCircular buffing machineGrinding stones Resurfacing screen Power polisher Aluminium batten Adhesive-, jointing trowel Sponge pads, mop and bucket, Clean dry cloths Natural bristle brushes, sprayer Spirit level, hand mixer Protective clothing

Preparation for terrazzo flooring and installation of componentsbase preparation, sub-floor/under-bedpreparation, installation of membranes,dividers/dilation boards,dividers used for design purposes, expansion joints etc.base preparation for components

MethodsChecking base surface (sub-floor/ under-bed, concrete surface, pre-treatment according base material etc)Application of self-levelling underlayment compatible with the setting mortar Cleaning of surface from coatings, curing membranes, oil etc.Reporting and correctingunacceptable surfaces

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Checking anchors, outlets or other inserts Installing crack insulation membranes (according to instructions) Locating, determining expansion joints based on building control joints, cold joints, sawed joints and on recommendations Placing of divider strips as dividers, control for anticipated contractions, levelling device, crack presenter

Manufacturing of Terrazzo Floors/SurfacesTypes of terrazzo, their aggregates, colour additives, mixing ratio, mixing procedures Pouring of terrazzo mix according to design and type, setting periods, quality control, Working the surface, sanding, filling and polishing Impregnation of surface

MethodsTerrazzo systems(epoxy, polyacrylate, monolithic bonded, sand cushion, structural, rustic, pre-cast) Mixing methods according terrazzo systemExecution / casting methods (according to floor system and design, thickness of layers, compacting, setting period, curing)Methods of working the surface(according to floor system, size and design, rolling, Sanding, filling, grout application, filling voids, checking final polishing, cleaning, sealing)Warranty conditions and quality assurance method

Manufacturing of precast terrazzo flooring - Tiles

Quality assurance Delivery, storage, handling Project conditions Materials, specifications (aggregates, cement, colouring, colour

MethodsQuality assurance methods (material selection from one source for each type, colour of grout and setting material, fulfilling conditions set by standards and specifications) Delivery and storing method (stretch wrapped, row, banded

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Blending, setting materials, grouting materials, (type and colour)Crack insulation membrane, expansion joint materials Sealing and polishing materials preparation guidelines Installation guidelines Finishing guidelines

Curing

on pallets etc; indoor storing)Manufacturing method (Cement, aggregates; colouring/pigments, colour blending, range of colour; Setting materials; grouting material, grout type, additives, colour)

Installation of under-bed (cement mortar & cleavage membrane method; Cement mortar bonded method; Dry-set Mortar or Latex-Portland cement mortar bonded over sand cushion cleavage membrane method (dry sand bed, cleavage membrane, gauge welded wire mesh, under-bed mix in uniform thickness, screed under-bed) (Variation: saturate sub-floor with water, slush and broom with cement past, place and screed under-bed)Insulation methods (laying membranes, execution method, materials)

Finishing of terrazzo surfacesTypes of terrazzo surfaces and production Grinding and polishing SealingRepairing, maintenance and cleaning

MethodsSurface design methods (based on the usage of different aggregates like marble, glass, mother of pearl, ceramic quartz; different grain size, terrazzo mix materials, grinding and polishing methods and sealing methods)

Repair and maintenance terrazzo floors

MethodsPreventive Maintenance (terrazzo type identification, cleaning methods, protective methods like sealing (prevent absorption, slip resistance, yearly maintenance)

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Routine Maintenance (cle, stain removing) Restoring terrazzo floors (stripping (sealers and coats) to original surface , cleaning, sealing, cleaning, application of new sealer) Regrinding heavily used Terrazzo floors (grinding of thin layer of the terrazzo, grinding according to floor size, grouting of surface, covering surface, fine polishing, cleaning and sealing)Maintaining guidelines, buffing Repairing chips and cracks in terrazzo (Patching minor chips and cracks with cement grout, cutting out areas, cleaning, applying cement paste, mixing terrazzo composites, matching chips by size, mineral content and colour, placing and levelling, compacting, covering curing, sanding surface, grouting, polishing, sealing; epoxy patching of cracks) Installing a new bonded terrazzo floor to match historic terrazzo(examine and determine the terrazzo type to match components, historic characteristics and patterns; examine existing conditions; following manufacturing and bedding methods applying the historic character of the floor

Installation of precast terrazzo components Walls, stairs, work counters, window sills etc.

Installing procedures

MethodsSub-base preparation method, cutting methods Fixing to plumb, height, level Executing joint connections to structural components, permanent elastic joints

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Preventive measures

Organisation of skilled work Technical drawings, detail drawings, work orders/instructions; Provision of material; Material preparation and allocation’Tools and equipment allocation; Current standards/technical specifications for terrazzo work; Actual regulations for safety at work and safety precaution; symbols for lifting and handling heavy loads, Work organisation, working in teamsAccessibility to all information required for planning, conducting and controlling Information about manufacturing processes in order to fulfil customer’s demandsSkilled workers are responsible for quality control Reporting system established (damages, accidents etc.) Waste disposal regulations

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841-CWP-11: Tiling of Wet Rooms, Pools and Outdoor Areas


The Tile Mason covers different types of surfaces like walls, floors, pools, terraces, water retainer or other outside areas to create waterproof surfaces or water retaining structures according to work orders. They use materials such as ceramic tiles and tiles made of natural materials. The tiles can be of different shapes and laid in different patterns according to customers wishes. Tile masons prepare different types of backgrounds, install vertical and horizontal waterproofing measures by placing membranes to the sub-structure, manufacturing special screeds, or use other waterproofing measures to secure the sub-structure. Tile masons may manufacture sloped screeds to ensure the drainage of a surface. They measure and mark surfaces to be covered and define the distribution of tiles and calculate the needed materials. They set guides for bedding tiles, align them vertically and horizontally or applying a gradient to create a slop. Tile masons mix, apply, and spread mortar, cement, mastic or other adhesives, set tiles in position, align them and fix the tiles to the base. Masons align and straighten tiles. They cut and fit tiles around obstacles and openings, pack grout into joints, remove excess grout and clean the surfaces. Masons replace cracked or damaged tiles and maintain tiled surfaces. The tile mason tiles-in bathroom fittings like bathtubs and shower trays. Tile masons control the height, level of the bath tube, shower tray, and check if the tube is earthed. Tile masons build tiled flooring for wet rooms with gradients towards the drainage and create permanent elastic joints according to instructions. Before tiling balconies and terraces the tile mason has to build a sub-structure, which can deal with the different types of stresses, caused by weather such as, difference in temperature, water, construction related stresses and environmental related conditions. They have to establish permanent elastic joints, and build the connection between floor and walls, create measures for the end of platforms etc. Tile masons apply safety rule and regulations follow company regulations at all times.They should always communicate with co-workers competently and deposit waste in an environmentally friendly way.


For mastering “Tiling of Wet Rooms, Pools and Outdoor Areas” the following core competencies are required:


effectively plan, organise, and monitor the own work processes apply quality control measures for the own work interpret technical information to extract datum, dimensions for setting out the area for the application of terrazzo materials and the composition of the terrazzo mixprepare reference marks and transfer datum correctly use machine and hand tools use for producing terrazzo surfaces

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accurately calculate the distribution of tiles on different surface forms and define the gradient for different types of sloped screed mark-out service installations and set-out the required pattern for the floor and wallsselect and confirm suitability of aggregates, materials, tools and equipment report defects and deficiencies in materials delivered identify backgrounds and its suction behaviour prepare the background surface by cleaning, roughen the surface, wet it and applying spatter dash and/or bridging unsuitable background surfaces apply waterproofing measures on vertical surfaces like waterproof finishing (plaster) and /or water proofing coats install sound insulation measures against foot fall and ensures the avoidance of sound propagation to walls, pipes etc. install horizontal waterproofing measures by placing membranes etc. as waterproofing layers and work them correctly according to instructions to floors and wall connections and apply special care install waterproofing measures to cut-outs for pipes , gully/inlet etc. mix and place mortar as protecting layer for the waterproofing measures and as base for the tile surface prepare and place corner tiles and tile guides for vertical surfaces prepare, cut tiles for bedding considering safety rules and types of tiles, size and colour (nip-off, rebate, make holes, and water them) choose the correct bedding method bed ceramic tiles between the corner-tiles for a vertical surface keeping the level of the floor in mind brick-in the bathtub before laying the floor tiles, ensure the earthing of the bathtubbed the tiles around bathtub and shower trays, create a control frame and install permanent elastic joints bed ceramic tiles to horizontal or sloped surfaces applying the correct bedding method and lay patterns according to instructions or drawings point and grout joints and execute the floor-wall connection according to technical specifications or orders prepare the background of water retaining structures observing the setting times correctly select and prepare the tiles (for wet areas) with the properties needed for their purpose bed tiles following a setting drawing, using the thin- or thick bed method, apply the working rules for the chosen method correctly and ensure a vertical and horizontal run of the joints build the edge of the pool or water retaining structure according to drawings or instructions apply technical working rules for the tiling process build the sub-structure for terraces and balconies by creating a declining subsurface; measures which are connected to the walls; separating layers by placing membranes, manufacturing edge trims for permanent elastic joints and placing a protecting screed select tiles with the correct properties for using on outside areas

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bed the tiles using the appropriate mortar apply the appropriate execution methods for tiling critical areas like plinth, threshold etc. install permanent elastic joints execute all necessary steps to provide a sub-base on soil sub-base and ensure the drainage of surface water (compacted gravel layer with gradient, waterproof separating layer) bed natural stone tiles/slabs into a mortar layer to patios on a natural sub-base apply different patterns according to instructions work the joints with grouting materials clean tile surfaces and the working area dispose wastes in an environmentally friendly way

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841-CWP-11: Tiling of Wet Rooms, Pools, and Outdoor Areas





ToolsInformation papers about safety Company internal forms for reporting, Construction drawings Calculator, Meter Mixing machine ShovelHand tools for tiling Basic access platforms for tiling Measuring tape Water level Levelling instrument Company internal forms for reporting


MethodsSafe working methods (working with mortar etc.) Lifting techniquesSafe transporting and storing method


Checking surface structuresChecking protective measuresWaterproofing,drainage

MethodsVisible checks (joint patterns, surface)Ways to ensure quality (checking backgrounds, horizontal alignment, evenness, slopes)Influence of shrinking, expansion, construction methods, joint executionChecking correct execution of protective measures (sound proofing, water proofing)Checking drainage of inside and outside areas

By customers Provision of drawings, Specifications regarding materials Specifications regarding technical executions and detailing of critical areasDefining of tolerances Supervision and control measures

For the worker Careful handling of hand-, machine tools and measurement tools according to work tasks Well organised workflow of own work Work executed in given time Efficient cooperation with colleagues Reducing waste when, mixing aggregates, tiles. Execute work exactly according to orderProvide horizontal, even surfacesFollow working steps for producing tile surfaces cost effective Comply with the quality management standards of the company Avoiding endangering others through own behaviour

By company Reliable estimation of material and time

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Information from drawings and transfer to reality Extracting information about datum, dimensions, materials, patterns

MethodsInformation extraction about materials and methods, materials and tools, (tiling mortar or adhesive; tiles for wet rooms and outside areas: characteristic, properties/typical use, bedding methods, mixing , mixing ratios, yield of mortar, batching, methods, mixing times Types of patterns for tiled surfaces, balancing the symmetric, design patterns, décor tiles; Build-up of substructures for wet areas, build-up of substructure on balconies, terraces and on soil asbaseWaterproofing measures (execution methods for threshold, free edges, wall connections)

CalculationsNeeded materials Distribution of tiles, Mortar yield etc

MethodsBasic calculation methods to determine quantities, mixer fillings, yield, ratios and other needed materials Estimation of time for work task execution

Planning the work Sound proofing measuresExpansion joints, permanent elastic jointsLaying patterns Distribution of tiles (symmetric etc.)

MethodsTypes and installing methods for sloped screed layer Waterproofing measures Sound proofing measures Design of expansion joints, permanent elastic joints Workflow, distribution of work Provision of materials

consumption Staff familiarization with procedures of operation and safety regulationsSecuring workplace from unauthorized peopleKeep all devices in safe and well functioning condition Organisation of workflow, time keeping and site management processPunctual material supplyInforming workers about work technical execution of work tasks, tolerances for preparation work, tiling work, protective measuresMeeting regulatory and environmentalrequirements Provide safety measures and control of safe working proceduresAdhere to safety regulationsMeet regulatory andenvironmentalrequirements Execute tool box meetings

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Workplace preparation

Organisation of work and preliminary work tasks

MethodsSetting-up the workplace

economically with the correct placement of materials (material, tools, equipment selection and distribution,Reporting deficiencies in materials and tools) Measuring, marking-out methods and calculations for transferring measurements (datum transfer, length and height) from drawings to reality Storing methods, for different materials, influence of weather, protective measures; avoiding damage, storing dangerous substances, binders, aggregates etcDesign and preparation of substructure for wet areas (walls and flooring, balconies, terraces, surface structure on soil)

Execution and monitoring of tile setting operations

ToolsTile cutter, tile hammer, nippers, plier, chisel, glass cutter, tile scriber, rule, rail cutter Meter, Bricklayers line, Aluminium batten, straight edge, spirit level, hooksHand mixer, Mixing machine, wheelbarrows Levelling instrument GrinderTooth-edged trowel, Wall- and floor trowels, Rubber mallet (small block of wood), Grout float, Pointing tool, Adhesive-, jointing trowel, Sponge pads, Gauges, templates, tile guide Scaffolding

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Background surface preparation - walls

Methods Preparation methods for different types of backgrounds (identification of backgrounds and their suction behaviour)

Suction control methods cleaning methods (for different background conditions)

Bridging methods for different openings, cracks etc,(working the surface, spatter dash application, bridging of unsuitable surfaces, moisturizing the surface

Surface preparation to create a suitable background

Substructure Preparation (wet rooms) and Dimensional positioning Protective measures, Screeding Installing dimensions

Methods Marking out methods defining and setting gradients for screed floors (screeding , types of gradient, calculations)

Manufacturing methods for screed with a gradient (towards channel in one or more directions, towards a point from one or more directions)

Installing templates for different gradient directions to manufacture the screed

Methods to create the drainage inlet surrounding

Waterproofing methods for flooring (waterproofing materials, waterproofing papers, dry felt with bitumen, tarred roofing sheeting, waterproofing foil etc; waterproofing of the floor system in bathrooms, design of sub floor

Waterproofing of walls and wall-floor connection, membranes and other, bituminous layers, Shaping the connection where the floor abuts the wall

Conscientiousness waterproofing around pipes, drainage and other

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installation elements, securing drainage of the floor

Installing method for soundproofing of step-fall sound like flooding floor,

Installing insulating materials between substructure and concrete ceiling, insulation around the floor perimeter towards the wall, waterproofing foil for substructure

Forming/shaping methods for movement joints over structural joints; around the perimeter of floors and where floor tiling abuts fixed structural fixtures such as

Forming/shaping methods for installation joints to absorb any deformation produced by the substrate, to compensate for slight dimensional deviations in tile manufacturing;

Preparation of the floor and walls has to be based on the assumption that the substructure (concrete floor and wall) is impermeable, levelling screeding method, adhesive mortar and spatter dash preparation to the walls Transferring of heights with levelling instrument, meter level, using water level

Marking out methods defining and setting gradients for screed floors Manufacturing methods for screed with a gradient

columns etc; where tiling abuts other materials; over supporting walls and beams

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Substructure PreparationDimensional Positioning for Balconies, Terraces Flat Roofs and other Outside AreasExecution of balcony edge-, threshold- and socket/plinth area expansion joints installation Flat roof: substructure design (levelling course, vapour barrier, heat insulation, waterproofing,separation layer, screed)

Methods used Waterproofing methods of substructure on balconies: (screed, pre-coat, tarred roofing sheeting/ membrane, waterproof screed , coating, adhesive layer, tiles, gradient)Horizontal waterproofing measureand connection to wall, separation layer, screed, edge waterproofing methods of substructure above rooms and flat roof: (substructure design, screed, pre-coat, perforated sheeting or tarred roofing sheeting/ membrane, vapour barrier, heat insulation, vapour pressure equalizing layer, multilayer tarred roof sheeting, separating layer, waterproof screed, separating layer, coating, adhesive layer, tiles)Connection method of substructure insulation to walls, sockets and threshold (vertical installation of the horizontal layers, fixing of insulation materials, installation of metal profiles etc)

Manufacturing of tiled surfaces for wet rooms

Tiles for wet rooms Covering Pipes Bathtub installation Shower cabins and show trays Floor tiling process

MethodsSelection methods for bathroom tiling (Type, colour, décor, format of tiles, anti slip, effect of colours, harmonizing of colours between floors and walls, influence of joint colour and design) Covering methods for pipes (installation boxes, wall projections for pipe installation/ socket, tile connection wall/floor, pipes (warm-water) with small diameters, Break-outs for pipes) Checking methods for the substructure

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Distribution method for tiles (symmetric distribution, reference axis, cutting of tiles for pipes or laying the joint cross etc.) Tiling methods for walls (Setting of guides, corner tiles, tile guides, foot board; Bedding method- thick bed and thin bed method, bedding between corner tiles;, methods to ensure the vertical, horizontal alignment, the evenness of the surface and angles; checking methods for alignments of tiles and joints,angles, plumbing)Installation of bath tubes and shower tray after the wall tiling process:(checking the earthing of the tub, defining the height of tub for first row of tiles, connection upper edge of bathtub and tile surface, Bricking in process and connecting the edge of the bathtub, bricking-in with a slope, installing a step, establishing a control opening)Bricking-in of shower trays, support of shower tray, Tiling execution Tiling method for floors with gradients in one or more directions and/or in level (laying with rigid bonding, floating or on separation layer, laying methods, laying methods for patterns and decors)Grouting methods for wet rooms Securing the work area for several days

Manufacturing of tiled surfaces for pools and water retaining structuresRequirements on tiles

Method used Selection of appropriate tiles (Type, anti-skid/ non-skid tiles, colour, décor, format of tiles) Transferring patterns from setting

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Laying drawing, laying patterns, bedding execution, mortar usedJointsExecution of pool edge

drawings into reality Bedding methods and working procedures (starting point, vertical and horizontal aligning, thick bed and thin bed method) Fitting of permanent elastic joints (position, design) Identifying of pool edge system and their installation Securing the work area for several days

Manufacturing of tiled surfaces for balconies, terraces, patios, flat roofs and other outside areasStructural conditions (rooms underneath balconies or flat roofs, cantilevering balcony, concrete patio, soil) bedding methods execution of edges, connections, threshold,plinth/socket execution of joints flooring of patios, working steps tiling procedures on flat roofs

Method used Selection of appropriate tiles (Type, anti-skid/ non-skid tiles, colour, décor, format of tiles, ceramic or natural stone tiles) Checking of substructure system and substructure connection to walls, threshold, plinth, edges selection of bedding mortar/ adhesives according to the area to be tiled and conditions and requirements Setting-out of tiles, setting of corner tiles, Installing plinth tiles according to instructionExecution method for the free edge of a balcony Installing permanent elastic joints Grouting methods for outside areasSecuring the work area for several days

Organisation of skilled work Material preparation and allocation,Tools and equipment allocation, Current standards for tiling, technical norms, Current regulations for safety at work and safety precaution; Work organisation and distribution of work tasks and

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organisation of teams Skilled workers are responsible for quality control Reporting system established (damages, accidents etc.) Waste disposal regulations

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841-CWP-12: Installing Marble Tiles and Other Natural Tiles


The Tile Mason covers different types of inside surfaces like walls, floors, stairs and other building components or surfaces using tiles made of natural materials for example marble, limestone, granite, slate and other natural materials. The tiles can be of different shapes, colours and can be laid in different patterns according to customers wishes. The Mason needs to know the properties of such natural materials, their usage, and limitations before installing them to floors and walls. He selects materials, necessary tools, and equipment in accordance with the task Tile masons prepare backgrounds for installing the natural stone tiles. They measure and mark surfaces to be covered and define the distribution of tiles and calculate the needed materials. They set battens to the walls to create a rectangular and straight starting point for the tiling process and level floors if necessary. They set guides for tiles to align them vertically and horizontally. Tile Masons decides on the bedding methods and applies the mortar or adhesive. They set tiles in position, align them, and fix the tiles to the base. He beds each tile (tiles with different thickness) separately in a mortar bed; follows the guide-lines of the alignment and height. Masons align and straighten tiles using levels, squares, and straight edges. They may install patterns according to the customer’s wishes and advise the customers on design, colours, care, and maintenance of the natural floor/wall materials.They cut and fit tiles around obstacles and openings using hand- and power cutting tools. Pack grout into joints, remove excess grout, and clean the surfaces. Masons replace cracked or damaged tiles and maintain tiled surfaces. They polish the surface by hand and/or machine, if necessary, and seal it if needed. Tile masons apply safety rule and regulations at any time, follow company regulations, communicate with co-workers in an appropriate manner, and deposit waste in an environmentally friendly way.


For mastering “Installing Marble Tiles and other Natural Tiles” the following core competencies are required:


effectively plan, organise, and monitor the own work processes apply quality control measures to own work at any time interpret technical information to extract datum, dimensions and materials prepare reference marks and transfer datum accurately calculate the distribution of tiles on different surface forms and gradients mark-out service installations and set-out according to required patterns

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select and confirm suitability of aggregates, materials, tools, and equipment proficiently report defects and deficiencies identify backgrounds and its suction behaviour prepare the background surface according to its conditions. Apply working steps e.g., roughen the surface, wet it and applying spatter dash and/or bridging unsuitable background surfaces, level it depending on the necessity establish a chalked centreline in a room and determine the centre point of the roomdry lay tiles from the centre point to the far end of the wall and the wall corner (after setting batten) using spacers install battens on the last whole tile to create a rectangular corner (if the wall corners are not square or walls are not straight) check the corners for their correct alignment correctly mix bedding mortar in accordance with the tile materials prepare marble tiles for bedding considering blending the tiles (from different packets), of tiles, tile protection measures, safety rules and types of tiles, size and colourbed the tiles on a solid bed without air pockets or voids polish and seal the tiles according to materials and necessity identify tile surface damages and identify the materials used prepare the background for repair apply and secure the new tile grout the joints according to the tile materials used, avoiding damages, and cleaning the surface correctly. clean surface of tiles and the working area and disposing waste in an environmentally friendly way dispose waste in accordance with environmental rules and regulations

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841-CWP-12: Installing Marble Tiles and Other Natural Tiles





ToolsInformation about safety,Safety information board, Company internal forms for reportingConstruction drawings, Calculator Mixing machine Shovel, Hand tools for tiling Basic access platforms for tiling Meter ruler, measuring tape Water level, levelling instrument Company internal forms for reporting


MethodsSafe working methods (for cutting and working natural stone tiles etc.) Working on scaffoldings Lifting techniquesTransporting method


MethodsWays to ensure quality (checking backgrounds, vertical and horizontal alignment, evenness, slopes etc.)Colour checks, patterns, work executionMethods for identifying damages and bedding errorsAvoidance unsatisfactory marble tile installation (avoiding of war page, staining, shading, soft spots, blisters and bond failures

By customers Provision of drawings, Specifications regarding materials Specifications regarding technical executions and detailing of critical areas Defining of tolerances Supervision and control measures

For the worker Careful handling of hand-,machine tools and measurement tools according to work tasks Well organised workflow of own work Work executed in given time Efficient cooperation with colleaguesReducing waste when, mixing aggregates, tiles. Execute work exactly according to orderProvide horizontal, even surfacesFollow working steps for producing tile surfaces cost effective Comply with the quality management standards ofthe company Avoiding endangering others through own behaviour

Safe working procedures onscaffoldings

By company Reliable estimation of material and time

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Information from drawings and transfer to realityExtracting information about datum, dimensions, materials, design patterns etc.

MethodsInterpreting technical drawings by extracting the necessary information from drawings and information sources (datum, height, length, thickness, materials, sizes, bedding method for natural tiles/slabs etc.) Attain information about tiling inside areas with natural stone tiles

Calculations Needed materials Distribution of tiles, Mortar yield etc Material and labour cost

MethodsCalculation methods for determining areas, mortar and aggregates, mortar yield, slopes, tile distribution etc. Cost estimation for a project

Planning the work Materials and tool selection work preparation, timing, sockets, socket tiles Specifics for tiling with granite, lime stone, polished marble and other natural stones Specifics for tiling for inside and outside areas with natural stones

MethodsMaterial usage

(characteristic properties and usage of natural stones/tiles, tiling mortar or adhesive: mixing, mixing ratios, yield of mortar, batching, methods, mixing times)

Workplace preparation Wall and floor preparationMaterial selection Definition of laying patterns

MethodsChecking alignment of walls Preparation for flooring(centreline preparation, counterpoint definition, reference marks and datum transfer, installing battens for providing a rectangular

consumption Staff familiarization with procedures of operation and safety regulations Securing workplace from unauthorized people Keep all devices in safe and well functioning condition Organisation of workflow, time keeping and site management process Punctual material supply Informing workers about work technical execution of work tasks, tolerances for preparation work, tiling work, protective measuresMeeting regulatory and environmentalrequirements Provide safety measures and control of safe working procedures Adhere to safety regulationsMeet regulatory andenvironmentalrequirements Execute tool box meetings

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starting point where necessary)

Bedding methods for natural stone slabs / tiles (choosing tiling methods considering their characteristics and limitations for natural tiles/slaps, thin-bed or thick-bed method)

Laying patterns for natural stone slabs /tiles, sockets (types of patterns, balancing the symmetric, design patterns, décor tile, sockets and socket tiles)

Setting-up the workplace economically with the correct placement of materials

Stetting-up method for different scaffoldings when necessary

Measuring, marking-out methods and calculations for transferring measurements (length and height) from drawings to reality)

Execution and monitoring of natural tile setting operations

Tools Hand cutting tool, machine saw

Tooth-edged trowel, trowel handle, rubber mallet, gout float/trowel, tile hammers, adhesive-, jointing trowel

Tile guide Pointing tool Aluminium batten Straight edge Sponge pads Spirit level Hand mixer Mixing machine Protective clothing

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Tiling horizontal surfaces with natural stones Interior floor tiling with natural tiles (marble granite etc) Setting marble/natural stones to window sills and other structural elements External floor tiling with natural tiles/slabs

MethodsBlending of natural stone tiles (marble, granite etc); blendingrequirements, special patterns Ensuring dryness of tiles levelling methods for background (Mechanical: grinding, sandblasting etc; levelling of floor: Levelling mortar, quick hardening screed; Anhydride screed)Priming and sealing (if necessary)Methods for avoiding discoloration (cause of discoloration, thin-bed: usage of white fast hardening non- shrink grout or adhesives for natural stones); washing of sand; Considering of Bedding method (Thin bed-, midsized-, thick-bed method depending on bedding environment (bedding background); criteria’s for bedding method (living areas, commercial areas, Public areas); other considerations: Bedding surface, stress, format of products

Adhesive bedding method, materials used (white-cement based)Laying of tiles/slabs(laying patterns, matching colours of tiles, distribution of tiles, division of big areas with movement joints, connection to doors and walls, spacing)Aligning methods to create an even surface Establishing of movement joints where necessary

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Grouting method for joints (slurry grouting or pointing considering material selection, remaining humidity, colour, type and width of joint)Technical methods for avoiding execution errors (water and moister, sensitivity epoxy mortar; shadowing/ghosting from dark colour bonding materials used for light-coloured or translucent tiles; discolouring when sawing; moisture staining) Tiling method according to tile material Tiling methods and base preparation according to locationcleaning and maintenance methods for natural stones

Cladding of vertical surfaces with natural tiles External wall (ventilated and non-ventilated, curtain walling)

MethodsSelecting materials(correct thickness according to types of stone, specific standards, dimension of cladding, installation method)Attachment system(cladding with mechanically attached ties, cladding with embedded ties, cladding with mechanical anchors, mortar bedding cladding, cladding on intermediate framework, ventilated Facades (metal frames)Curtain walling systems (stick curtain walling panels, front seal modular panel curtain wall panels, Unitised curtain wall)Fixing methods (anchor position, types of anchor,

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frame solutions)Avoiding errors (panelthickness, corrosion, cold bridges, joints, ventilationFixing Cladding methods – working steps

Organisation Work- and team organisation according to work tasks, Familiarizing workers with flooring and cladding methods applied to the work tasks, Toolbox meeting and strict implementation of safety rules, defining responsibility,Providing drawings, technical specifications, informing about time frames, tolerances allowed, applying quality checks, Reporting system for damages, errors

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Advanced Occupational Standards(AOS)

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Advanced Occupational Standards (AOS) fileThe Advanced Occupational Standards (AOS) are an essential part of quality training programs. They describe the qualifications and competencies,