Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ADVANCED
CINEMATOGRAPHY
by Affonso Beato, ASC ,ABC
www.affonsobeato.com
© copyright 2011 Affonso Beato
© copyright 2011 Affonso Beato
4.0 Film or Digital ?elements for comparison and discussion
version 09.25.12
by Affonso Beato, ASC, ABC
elements on all systems:
the concept of latitude ( dynamic range )using f stops
the concept of resolution ( sharpness and color complexity )using pixels per horizontal line
the concept of latitude ( dynamic range )using f stops
characteristic curve on photo chemical systems
• over exposure
• saturation
• under exposure• chemical fog
straight portion of the curve = latitude
axis of light
axis of density
color reference chart
using the film characteristic curve on digital systems
• over exposure
• saturation
• clipping
• digital noise
• artifact
• under exposure• chemical fog• digital noise straight portion of the curve = latitude
comparing the differences in perception between the human eye and the photo systems
the concept of latitude ( dynanmic range ) in f stops
1 : 2 : 4 : 8 : 16 : 32 : 64 : 128 : 256 : 512 : 1024 : 2048 : 4096 : 8192 : 16384 : 32768 : 65536 : 131072 : 262144 : 524288 : 1.048.576
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
comparing the differences in perception between the human eye and the photo systems
2010 new technology – HDRX digital film movie cameras – 18 stops latitude
comparing the differences in perception between the human eye and the photo systems
the concept of latitude ( dynanmic range ) in f stops
• human eye’s latitude – 20 stops – ( 1: 1.048.576 ) - fast dynanmic adaptation
• latitude of the negative film ( Kodak Vision 3 type ) - 16 f stops – ( 1: 65.536 ) – saturation
• latitude on the 2k digital camera (Sony F65, Epic,Alexa ) – 14 f stops – ( 1: 16.384 ) – clipping
• latitude on the HDTV camera – 10 f stops – ( 1: 1024 ) – digital noise • latitude on the HDV camera – 7 f stops – ( 1: 128 ) – digital noise
• latitude on the SDTV camera – 5 f stops – ( 1: 16 ) – digital noise
the concept of resolution
in pixels per horizontal line
grain x pixels – using the analogy
sharpness and color complexity
grains x pixels analogy
• photographic grain > microscopic complex chemical congromarate
• image pixel > digital number – byte with a number of bits
resolution chart in sharpness
watch 1000 lines
resolution chart in pixels per line
chart by Marcelo Siqueira, ABC
MTF ( modulation transfer function ) example
comparing the differences in perception between the human eye and the photo systems
the concept of resolution in pixels per horizontal line
K = 1000 pixels on a horizontal line
• human eye’s resolution – 100K
• resolution on b & w negative film 24k – 35mm
• resolution on color negative film 16k – 35mm
• resolution on digital cameras 4k ( 4096 x 3072 )
• resolution on HD cameras 1.92k ( 1920 x 1080 )
• resolution on SD cameras 0.72k ( 720 x 640 )
• human eye’s resolution on projection 3k
• modern digital projectors 4k
existing digital sensors
existing digital sensors
existing film stock
comparison
latitude resolution problems
human vision 20 stops 100K subjectif reality
film Vision 3 16 stops 16K chemical fog
on under exposure
digital 14 stops 4K
digital noise
on over exposure
less latitude
less resolution
typical film production work flow
camera + neg film + processing + dailies + editing + overall color corrections + IP + IN + release prints
hybrid film production workflow
camera + negative film + processing + HD dailies + editing + 2K DI + film out + IN + release prints
film production workflow and digital development
camera + neg film + processing + dailies + editing + overall color corrections + IP + IN + release prints
camera + negative film + processing + SD dailies + editing + 2K DI + film out + IN + release prints
+ IN + release prints3perf cam + negative film + processing + HD dailies + SD editing + 2K DI + film out + 2K DCI projection
+ IN + release prints4K digital camera + tape/data + HD dailies + SD editing + 2K DI + film out + 2K DCI projection
4K digital camera + data + HD dailies + HD editing + 4K digital intermediate + 4K DCI transmissions
The near future
