Advanced Biology and its SecurityAdvanced Biology and its Security Issues in Japan

Tamami Fukushi, Ph.D.

Fellow, Lifesciences and Clinical Medicine Unit

Center for Research and Development Strategy (CRDS)Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)

BWC Meeting Experts

COPYRIGHT（C）2011 Center for Research and Development Strategy, All Rights Reserved

g pJuly, 2012

Our agenda

Introduction of JST

Advanced lifesciences and biotechnology program funded by JST and MEXT

Issues to be solved for Japanese communities regarding H5N1 commotion

What is JST? Mission and OrganizationAs an organization which plays a central role in theAs an organization which plays a central role in the implementation of the Science and Technology Basic Plan, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) comprehensively promotes all of the process from the creation of knowledge, p p g ,which leads to innovation in Japan, to the return of research results to the society/nation. Current PresidentCurrent President

MichiharuMichiharu Nakamura, Ph.D.Nakamura, Ph.D.

Structure of JST

No. of Permanent Staff: about 1,500 No. of Permanent Staff: about 1,500

No. of Researchers and Others No. of Researchers and Others

4http://www.jst.go.jp/EN/organization/index.html

Copyright(C)2005 Center for Research and Development Strategy, All Rights Reserved

Employed by JST: about 2,500Employed by JST: about 2,500

JST’s Budget

Up to 40% of the research budgetresearch budget is invested for

lifesciences field

http://www.jst.go.jp/EN/about/funds.html

lifesciences field.

Emerging Fields related torelated to

Dual-use and Biosecurity

Computational, Quantitative, and Synthetic Biology

Bioinformatics Bioinformatics 

Viral Disease Research (including artificial manipulation of biological information of viruses)biological information of viruses)

Brain Science? (not yet focused in this meeting) 

Potentials of Dual-Use in Advanced BiologyResearch Field Research Procedure Dual Use-Related Potential

Synthetic BiologyBuilding a life or creation of a new gene expression system no longer exists from

Virus development/modification using artificial/modified genetic information

More efficient process to recombinant with Synthetic Biology expression system no longer exists from artificial and synthetic DNA technique.

pdisease-causing gene(s) as well as toxic ones Needs for novel regulation systems of disease-causing agents

Bi i f tiAnalyzing and predicting biological function associated with genomic information and More efficient process for comparing and

t i i ti d t i l ti tBioinformatics associated with genomic information and gene expression by utilizing mathematics, statistics, and computer science.

retrieving genetic data in relation to disease-causing or toxic genes.

Systems Biology (including

Computation andRegarding living body as a system of biological phenomena, analyzing a biological

Estimating effects of disease-causing agents on human cells’ functions

More efficient ways to analyze disease causingComputation and Quantitative

Biology) network including genetic information and signal transduction.

More efficient ways to analyze disease-causing agents with more serious damages to human body.

Nano-Analyzing and modulating various biological functions by nanotechnologies such as

Enabling detection of disease-causing or toxic agent(s) via nanobiosensors.

Nano Techno-

logy

Nano biology

functions by nanotechnologies, such as Biosensor, Biochip, Molecular imaging, Nanomaterials, Nano-bio-machine, etc..

Additive novel functions via nanobiomachines Artificial membrane to cover disease-causing

agents as well as toxins Drug

Delivery Delivering drug to target organ(s) more efficiently by applying nanoparticles to drug

Enhancing infectious ability of microorganism Drug-delivery systems entering brain-blood

7

ySystem

y y pp y g p gdelivery system.

Drug delivery systems entering brain blood barriers

Neurosciences

Manipulating mechanical devices or computer By neural signal detection and decoding techniques. Receiving external signal input to the brain

Controlling brain function including one’s thought and judgment

Terrorist-like behavior forced by the external 7Receiving external signal input to the brain via brain-machine interface technique. command input to one’s brain

Modified from Shinomiya and Kawahara, 2012 (original in Japanese)

The 4th Science and Technology Basic Plan of Japan

I th 4th b i l (FY2011 FY2015) th t d ibp

In the 4th basic plan (FY2011-FY2015), the government describes strategic plan for “Realization of Sustainable Growth and Societal Development into the Future”, in which “Promoting life innovation” would be promoted by following strategiesstrategies.

・ Development of revolutionary disease prevention methods・ Development of new early diagnosis methods・ Realization of safe and highly effective medical treatment・ Improvement of Quality of life (QOL) for the sick, elderly and disabled

Based on these strategies, MEXT issued ased o t ese st ateg es, ssuedStrategic Plan for the Development of

Computational, Quantitative, and Synthetic Biologyon July 19 2011

Target areas• Analysis technology for microstructure with high-resolution • Analysis technology for genomics and small molecule RNA

on July 19, 2011

y gy g• Reconstruction and control technology for proteins and “mega”- molecular compound• Single cell technologies for culture, imaging, and control (including metering g g g g ( g gand synthetic approach)• Fusion between computations and analysis technologies for cell subset, tissue, and individual level (including control technology and data-drive approach)

RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC) Funding Program Based on 2011 strategic plan (1)

gy ( )The RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC) aims to study complex relationships through innovative measuring, analysis, and modeling technologies and techniques to recreate the dynamics of a fundamental biological system – the cell – byto recreate the dynamics of a fundamental biological system the cell by modeling it in a holistic manner. (launched April 2011)

Director, QBiCToshio Yanagida

http://www.qbic.riken.jp/english/index.html

Design and Control of Cellular Functions Funding Program Based on 2011 strategic plan (2)

Research Term:  2011‐2018 (funded by JST‐PRESTO)

Research DirectorHiroki R Ueda

Project Leader, RIKEN CDB

1) Logical (or efficient) design and control of biomolecules involved in cellular functions (about 10 PIs, 300,000-400,000 $/PI/yr*3-5)

) g ( ) g2) Reconstitution and design of processes that support

the infrastructure of cellular function 3) Reconstitution, design, and control of processes

that implement higher-order cellular functions 4) Reconstitution, design, and control of populations of cells,

tissues, organs, and individual organismshttp://www.synbio.jst.go.jp/

Creation of fundamental technologies for Funding Program Based on 2011 strategic plan (3)

gunderstanding and control of biosystem dynamicsResearch Term:  2011‐2019  (funded by JST-CREST)

Creation of fundamental technologies for understanding and control of biosystem dynamics

In vivo

Integration between biology and Cell population level

Research DirectorProf. Tadashi Yamamoto

The Institute of Medical Science, The U i i f T k

Integration between biology and mathematics, information 

science, computational science

p p

University of Tokyo

Integration between biology and physics, 

chemicals, EngineeringBiomolecular reaction

Cellular level

Biomolecular reaction

CREST (Core Research of Evolutional Science & Technology) distributes public fund from theCREST (Core Research of Evolutional Science & Technology) distributes public fund from the MEXT to support a broad range of scientific research relevant to the nation's Strategic Sectors. (4-10 projects/yr, 0.04-0.12 million $/project/yr*5).

funded by JST- ERATO

Related Funding Program (1)

Research Director: Tetsuya Yomo (Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Osaka University)

Research Term: 2009-2014

ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology) launched in 1981. The pioneeringresearch system of ERATO scheme enjoys high reputation inside and outside Japan for its featuresresearch system of ERATO scheme enjoys high reputation inside and outside Japan for its features and spirit, namely: (1) a research system centering on people; (2) elimination of uniform thinking and fostering of hetero researcher groups; (3) elasticity; and (4) fluidity in undertaking research (total funding: up to $190 million/Director). http://www.jst.go.jp/erato/project/ydb_P/ydb_P.html

funded by JST- ERATO

Related Funding Program (2)

Research Director: Shoji Takeuchi (Center for International Research on Micro Mechatronics (CIRMM), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), University of Tokyo)Research Term: 2010-2015

http://www.jst.go.jp/erato/project/tby_P/tby_P.html

funded by JST-CRESTRelated Funding Program (3)

Molecular Technologies

Diagnostics/Industrial Technology

g

Organic Thin-Film Solar Cell

Diagnostics/Medical Treatment

Supervisor Hisashi

Flexible DisplayGreen Process New materialsDrug

Development/DDS

Hisashi Yamamoto,

Ph.D. Arthur Holly y

Compton Distinguished

Professor

Molecular Technology

★Electronic state control

★ Shape and structure control

★ Assembly and compound control ★ Molecule・ion

Transport control

★ Conversion and processing techniques

★ Molecular design and creation techniques

PhysicsChemistry Biology Mathematics

Calculation Science

Estimation/Analysis/

MeasurementMolecular Science Field

http://www.jst.go.jp/kisoken/crest/ryoiki/bunyah24-4.html

Related Funding Program for InfrastructureNational Bioscience Database Center (NBDC) by JST( ) yInaugurated in April of 2011.

<Mandate>Integrate all databases for life sciences in Japan by linking each databaseIntegrate all databases for life sciences in Japan, by linking each database with expediency to maximize convenience and make the entire system more user-friendly.

Director-General Michio Oishi, Ph.D.

http://biosciencedbc.jp/projects_and_activities?lng=en

National Institute of Infectious diseaseInfection Diseases Research (1)

National Institute of Infectious disease 1. Basic and applied research on infectious diseases2. Reference services for infectious diseases

Director: H W t b

3. Infectious disease surveillance program, and collection, analysis, and distribution of information on infectious diseases

Haruo Watanabe, M.D.4. National control and other tests and research on quality control

of biological products and antibiotics- Biological products (various vaccines and blood products)

Ad i i t ti l t d t t d th t t- Administratively requested tests and other tests- References materials for such biological products and antibiotic products necessary for national control tests and other teststests

5. International cooperation activitiesWHO designated centers and WHO reference laboratories- WHO-designated centers and WHO reference laboratories

- International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS)-assigned center laboratories - Training programs

http://www.nih.go.jp/niid/en/aboutniid-2.html

- Training programs

KAWAOKA Infection-induced host responsesInfection Diseases Research (2)

Research Director: Yoshihiro Kawaoka (Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo)Research Term: 2008-2013

funded by JST- ERATO

KAWAOKA Infection induced host responses

Research Term: 2008 2013

http://www.jst.go.jp/erato/en/research_areas/ongoing/kkn_P.html

SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership

Infection Diseases Research (3)SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development) co-sponsored by JST and JICA

SATREPS is a Japanese government program that promotes internationalSATREPS is a Japanese government program that promotes international joint research targeting global issues including infection disease.

JST + JICA total : About ¥100 million per project per year JST : About ¥38 million per project per yearhttp://www.jst.go.jp/global/english/kadai/index.html

J-GRID (Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infection Diseases Research (4)J G (Japa t at e o G oba esea c et o oInfectious Diseases) funded by MEXT (-FY2014)

http://www.crnid.riken.jp/english/outline/program/index.html

Acknowledgements<JST‐CRDS>

Makoto Asashima,  Ph.D.

Special Thanks toYuji Yamamoto, MD.

Yuko Nagano

Rika Takeuchi, Ph.D.

Yutaka HishiyamaNariyoshi Shinomiya, MD, Ph.D.Norihiko Yamada MD Ph D ,

Masahiro Tsuji

Hiroshi Ohtake , MD.

Norihiko Yamada, MD, Ph.D.Manabu ImakyureiNaoto Kawahara Ph D ,Naoto Kawahara, Ph.D.Shigeo Koyasu, MD., Ph.D.Daisuke Kiga, Ph.D.Kazuto Kato, Ph.D.Yoshihiro Kawaoka, DVM, Ph.D.