ACCIDENT PREVENTION

SAFETY THOUGHT

Preventable accidents, if not prevented due to our negligence, is nothing short of a murder . Dr.S. Radhakrishnan

THE SIMPLEST MEANING IS THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS &THE LOSSES THEREAFTER.

What is safetyNo injuriesNo accidentsNo place for unplanned activityAll activities well definedEvery one knows his job wellOperating excellence Every one takes pride in doing his job well.

Safety: Safety: Freedom from Unacceptable risk of Harm is safetyHazard: Source, Situation or Act having potential to cause an injuryRisk: Probability of an event (P) x Consequences (C)

(c) 1999 Eqms India (P) Limited, Delhi

ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES - SYSTEMSEngineer / Supervisorenforce safety rules, safety work permit system, exercise close supervision on workmen, ensure competence and disciplinetake immediate corrective action on any unsafe acts and/or unsafe conditions are noticed/reportedexplain in detail the specific hazard and safety measures in case of jobs being assigned to workmen and ensure safetyensure availability and use of appropriate PPE by the workmencreate a safety work culture among all the workmen under his controlimpart proper and specific safety knowledge and awareness and rules and regulations among employees

ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES - SYSTEMSensure that all hazards are eliminated, all passages, stairways, entrances and exits are clear and safe in all respects set himself, as an example of excellence in safety observance for others to emulateensure prompt reporting and a thorough investigation of all accidents and near misses in the prescribed form and suggest remedial measures to avoid recurrenceensure regular contact with persons working in isolated places and ensure their safety and prompt attendance in case of any mishapinspect regularly and ensure that all tools, equipment and machinery are in sound and safe conditiontake immediate corrective measure on any lapse on the observance of safety measures

Safety ExcellenceIt occurs only when supervisors, managers and executives demonstrate their value through actions and then, being credible, ask workers to help improve the system.

ACCIDENTUnplanned and unexpected event giving rise to injury, ill health, death and damage to property, damage to environment or any combination of these.Reportable accidentNon reportable accident

UNFORESEEN & UNEXPECTED OCCURENCES THAT INTERRUPT THE REGULAR WORK WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT CAUSE INJURIES TO PERSONS OR DAMAGES TO PROPERTIES.1. REPORTABLE ACCIDENTS - MORE THAN 48 HRS.2. NON REPORTABLE ACCIDENTS - LESS THAN 48 HRS. ACCIDENTS DO NOT HAPPEN - THEY ARE CAUSED

ACCIDENT vs. InjuryAccident is an undesired incident which may or may not result into injury.Injury is always a result of some Accident.Our focus should be on eliminating accidents, and in particular to avoid injuries altogether.Eliminating accidents 100% may not be possible.Eliminating injuries 100% is definitely achievable.

ACCIDENTS STATISTICS

ACCIDENTS STATISTICS

Foundation of a lost time injuryDeaths-No dataLost work day cases-1{*}Medical attention cases-10{*}First aid cases-100{*}Near miss cases -1000Unsafe behaviors or conditions-10,000

{*}has been proved by extensive research

Most process and personal incidents, injuries andaccidents are caused byunsafe acts and behaviors,& not merely by conditions and equipment.

76% injuries are only due to unsafe acts.

20% due to unsafe acts and unsafe conditions both.

4% are due to unsafe conditions.

Causes of injuriesUnsafe acts involvingBody position..30%Tools and equipment...28%Actions of another...14%Not using Protective Equipment..12%Procedures and Housekeeping.12%Total from unsafe acts...96%Total from other causes...4%

ExamplesBehaviorWalked down stairs without using handrail;lost balance and fellBehavior and conditionsWalked on water/oil covered slippery ground, slipped and fell, broke ankle and hand.Conditions Food poisoning at a seminar.

Risk perception with timeLack of risk perception / reduction in risk perception is responsible for accidents resulting into severe injuries.Risk perception reduces with time if there are no accidents/injuries.Risk perception is Safety Attitude.Safety norms are followed only if the risk is perceived. Education/information is important.This has to be developed and maintained in the management as well as the employees.

COMMON ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS WHICH IMPEDE SAFETYManagement interpretation that safety can be hired.Tolerance of unsafe behavior by management.Priority to business over safety.Enforcement of rules (different standards)Responsibility/Accountability is not defined clearly/ demonstrated pro-activelyChampions in safety initiatives lose interest.

Behavior improvement modelEvery one likes to be appreciated.No one has all the good things.Every one has something good or bad.It is very difficult to change behavior of people. It is one of the most difficult jobs.To change the behavior of people is a challenge.This can be achieved slowly but surely.Organized, concerted and conscious efforts from all management personnel is required.

Look for safe behavior Body position, eyes on work, eyes on path, lifting practice, holding practice, Work condition, selection of tools, use of tools , labeling, proper tags, permits well prepared, work area free of trip, slip hazards, signs, barricading, lighting, ventilation, fall protection,PPE condition, use of eye/face protection, helmet, respirators, N2 blanketing, earthing.

Cause of AccidentUnsafe Conditions

Unsafe Actions

Personal Causes

Proximate CausesGreen Triangle For Safety

HEINRICH THEORYAnalysis of 75000 accidents98% were preventable10 % were due to unsafe physical and mechanical conditions88% were due to unsafe acts

HEINRICH ANALYSISOF ACCIDENTS

HEINRICH ACCIDENT PREVENTIONAncestry & Social environmentFault of personsUnsafe act (or) unsafe conditionAccidentInjury

UNSAFE CONDITIONSUnsafe storage of materialsDefective Machines & ToolsUnsafe floors & passageUnsafe Electrical wiring & fittingsUnsafe Lifting & Transport MachinesUnsafe Pressure VesselsWorking on HeightsImproper Personal Protective EquipmentsUnsafe House KeepingUnsafe Waste disposal

UNSAFE ACTIONSDisregard to Safety Rules & ProceduresWorking without authorityUnsafe speed of actionMaking Safety Devices inoperativeSleeping in the work placePlaying & Teasing in the work placeQuarreling with the co-workers & supervisorsSmoking in work placeEating in work placeIntoxication with Alcohol or Drugs

UNSAFE ACTIONSDisregard to Hygiene & CleanlinessImproper work DressFailure to use Personal Protective EquipmentsUsing improper toolsUsing tools improperlyJoy Ride on material handling machinesWorking on roofs without Safety EquipmentsImproper handling of materials & machinesUnsafe use of electrical equipments & toolsCleaning & Lubricating machines in motion

PERSONAL FACTORS1. Good Physical condition( Good Food, Sleep & Habits )2. Good Mental condition( Correct thinking, avoid anger, envy, greed & worry )3. Good Social Relationship( Good Friends, Social Service etc.)

WHY TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS?Legal responsibilityMoral responsibilityLoss of productionAvoid bad publicityEconomic losses

YOUR SAFETY - YOUR RESPONSIBILITYUSE YOUR PPE

YOUR HANDS ARE GODS GIFTDO NOT LOSE THEM

DONT LET IT HAPPEN TO YOU

COST OF ACCIDENTThe monetary losses associated with an accident or incident. Direct costIndirect costs.

Cost of Accidents:The Iceberg EffectOn average, the indirectcosts of accidentsexceed the directcosts by a 4:1 ratio

DIRECT COSTMedical costCompensation cost

INDIRECT COSTBuilding Damage Tool and equipment damage Product and material damage Production delays and interruptions Legal expenses Expenditure on Emergency supplies Interim equipment rental

INDIRECT COSTInvestigation time Wages paid for lost time Cost of hiring and/or training replacements Overtime Extra supervisory time Decreased output of injured worker Loss of business and goodwill

Cost of the ACCIDENT

DIRECT COST INDIRECT COST SUFFERINGSMedical ExpenseLoss of productionPhysical SufferingCompensationDamage to MachinesMental SufferingUnproductive wageLoss of MaterialsFamily Suffering -------------Legal Expense -------------- ------------- Loss of Morale -------------- -------------Loss of Reputation -------------- 20 % 80 %Cannot be Compensated

ARM SLEEVEGLOVESSAFETY SHOESGOGGLESAPRONCANISTER MASK

DUST MASKHELMETDUST MASKNITRILE GLOVESFACE SHIELDEAR PLUG

ACCIDENT PREVENTION PREREQUISITESStrong commitment from top management.Good safety program.Established safety culture.Safety accountability in place

ACCIDENT PREVENTION BENEFITSReduced injury claimsImproved employee job satisfactionLower insurance premiumsImproved quality

ACCIDENT PREVENTION THREE BASIC STEPSHazard identificationElimination of unsafe actElimination of unsafe condition

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ChecklistEmployee observationSafety audit

UNSAFE ACTThe actions of a person in a manner which vary from the accepted or legislated safe practice and create a hazard to either themselves, another person, or equipment.

UNSAFE ACT

UNSAFE ACT

UNSAFE ACT

UNSAFE ACT

UNSAFE ACT

UNSAFE ACT

UNSAFE ACT

UNSAFE CONDITIONA condition in which something exists that varies from a normal accepted safe condition and, if not corrected, could cause injury, death, or property damage.

UNSAFE CONDITION

UNSAFE CONDITION

ELIMINATE UNSAFE ACTPersonal adjustmentsEducation and TrainingSupervisionDiscipline

ELIMINATE UNSAFE CONDITIONDesign Guarding / FencingControl measures or isolationMaintaining safe working condition of plant / tool / machine / work environment

SAFETY PHILOSOPHY All injuries are preventable.

SAFETY PHILOSOPHY Management has the responsibility for preventing personal injuries.

SAFETY PHILOSOPHY It is possible to safeguard all operating exposures that may result in injuries.

SAFETY PHILOSOPHY It is necessary to train all to work safely.

SAFETY PHILOSOPHY It is good business to prevent personal injuries on the job and off the job.

SAFETY PHILOSOPHY Safety is a condition of employment.

Accident Investigation

WHAT IS AN ACCIDENT?What is an accident?Any unexpected eventSome may even be goodDoes an accident always involve an injury?Does an injury always involve an accident?

What Is An Accident?

AccidentsAccidentAny unplanned event that results inPersonal injury Property damage

AccidentsUsual causesFailure of people, equipment, supplies, or surroundings to behave or react as expected

WHY INVESTIGATE?Why investigate?To PREVENT injuriesInvestigations should not be witch huntsIf results show need for discipline, fineBut.....That is not the purpose

INVESTIGATIONSInclude non injury accidents incidentsProactivePreventativeInvestigating only injuriesReactive

INJURY PYRAMIDNon-injury Accidents1st Aid CasesRecordableSerious RecordableFatality

Incident Investigation PlanEstablish parametersBe aware of other requirementsADA, EEO, Union, etc.Establish proceduresDevelop formsTrain employees

First ReportThe First Report of Injury sent to Workers Compensation Company is NEITHER an accident report NOR an investigation.

Incident ReportWrite an incident reportAs soon as possible

Start with a supervisors report based on information provided by employeesEmployee said......

Injury PotentialInvestigate based on POTENTIAL FOR INJURY

The greater the potential, the more thorough the investigation

The InvestigationAvoid a cold trail

The InvestigationBe methodicalGather as much information as possibleThrow out irrelevant information during the analysis step

The InvestigationBeware of preconceived conclusions

Beware of jumping the gunDo not offer solutions before you find the basic cause

The InvestigationASK QUESTIONSWhen you get an answer, ask WHYThen ask WHY againAnd AGAINAnd who?, what?, and ...why?

Basic CausesManagement Safety Policies & Decisions Personal Factors Environmental FactorsIndirect CausesUnsafe ActUnsafe ConditionDirect CausesUnplanned Release of Energy and/or Hazardous MaterialIncident

The InvestigationInvestigate the sceneTake measurementsTake picturesEvaluate equipmentBe imaginative

The InvestigationLook forGuards offLack of PPEHousekeeping issuesPoor work practicesFaulty equipmentInadequate trainingPoorly written proceduresEtc.

The 4 PsPeople PositionPartsPaper

InterviewsInterview employee involvedInterview witnessesInterview other employees in areaLook for similar incidents

InterviewsExplain the purpose of the investigationAccident preventionPut at easeLet speak freelyTake notes without distracting Only use a tape recorder with the persons knowledge and consent.Interview as soon as possible

Analysis TechniquesChange analysisJob Safety Analysis (JSA)Event and Causal Factors AnalysisMulti linear Events Sequencing (MES)Project Evaluation Tree (PET)Combination

Report of Investigation1. Background information2. Detailed account of the incident3. Resolution4. Corrective actions

RESOLUTIONDiscuss ways of preventing future incidentsSolicit ideas from employees & othersBe creativeMake recommendations

Corrective ActionsCorrective actions Recommendations that are adoptedInform and train employees and supervisors

Follow-UpInvolve supervisors & employeesAre solutions:Used?Effective?Solicit feedback

Trend AnalysisEvaluate for incident, accident and injury trends in order to focus effortsUse 300 forms, incident & accident reports, first aid logs, inspection reports, etc.Analyze by entity, facility, time, job, etc.Do at least a 3 year comparison

ResourceAsk for help from your workers compensation carrier

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