3 Accident Prevention Strategic

7/25/2019 3 Accident Prevention Strategic

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Universiti Utara Malaysia

Faculty of Human and Social Development

SMH 5263 OSH Management Systems (MOSHM)

OSH Management Systems (FASM 5073)Course Title:

Anis Fahmy bin Pauzi

Lecturer:

Accident Prevention StrategicTopic:



1. Introduction To Accident Prevention

2. Engineering Control

3. Administration Control

4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

ACCIDENT PREVENTION STRATEGIC

Topic Contents



1. INTRODUCTION TO ACCIDENT PREVENTION

Safety Message:

“If you think safety is expensive, don’t reduce the safety budget

but cut the accident”

“Safety isn’t expensive. Its priceless”

“Accident prevention is the technique of anticipating and

controlling events so that accidents are eliminated and the

subsequent costs, in time and money, are avoided”

Accident Prevention



1. Unsafe Acts Of People

2. Unsafe Conditions (Physical) Of Machine Or Equipment,

Environment,

3. Hazardous Substances

CAUSES OF ACCIDENT/INCIDENT



PREDICTING ACCIDENTS & INJURIES

• Traditionally, companies relied on accident and injury statistics

to tell them where to focus their safety efforts

• Today, we know environmental and behavioral workplace risks

are responsible for all accidents and injuries



DEFINITIONS

• Accident: Unplanned & undesired event

• An accident always has the potential to produce an injury or

property damage

• Does not always result in injury or property damage

• Incident: An unsafe occurrence arising of or in the course of

work

• Injury: Body impairment resulting from an accident



DEFINITIONS

RISK = Employee

Exposure

X Probability of the Accident

Sequence Taking Place

= Potential Consequence of the Accident





There are two types of workplace risks:1. Environmental risks (hazards)

i. Uneven floor surfaces

ii. Faulty or misadjusted tools and equipment

iii. Working in high places without fall protection

2. Human factor risks (work practices)

i. Failure to follow instructions of safe work procedure

ii. Cleaning, oiling, adjusting, or repairing equipment that ismoving, electrically energised or pressurised

iii. Failure to wear PPE



• Assign responsibility for correction• Allocate resources

• Develop a timeline for correction

• Correct or mitigate (reduce) hazard

• Provide feedback to all affected employees

• Physical plant conditions or hazards that increase the likelihoodof an accident or injury

• will be eliminated or reduced through the following Process: Identify, protect and communicate hazard

ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS



HUMAN FACTOR RISKS (UNSAFE ACTS)

The majority of unsafe acts of persons may be assigned to one or

more of the following classifications:

1. Failure to follow instructions of proper job procedure.

2. Cleaning, oiling, adjusting, or repairing equipment that is

moving, electrically energized, or pressurized.3. Failure to use available personal protective equipment such as

gloves, goggles, hard hats.

4. Failure to wear safe personal attire.

5. Improper use of equipment.

6. Failure too secure or warn.

7. Improper use of hands or body parts.

8. Making safety devices inoperable.

- continue




The majority of unsafe acts of persons may be assigned to one or

more of the following classifications:

9. Operating or working at unsafe speeds.

10. Taking unsafe position or posture.11. Unsafe placing, mixing, combining.

12. Using tools or equipment known to be unsafe.

13. Driving errors and Horseplay

- continue




Unsafe acts are brought about usually by one of the following:

1. Lack of knowledge, skill, coordination, or planning.

2. Improper attitude.

3. Physical or mental defects.4. Temporary lack of safety awareness at time of accident.

- continue



1. Improper use of equipment

2. Operating or working at unsafe speeds

3. Making safety devices inoperable

4. Taking unsafe position or posture

5. Using tools or equipment known to be unsafe

Actions taken by employees to modify best practice that increase

the likelihood of an accident or injury eg;

ELIMINATION OF UNSAFE ACTS



UNSAFE CONDITIONS

- continue

Most unsafe or hazardous conditions can be grouped into one of thefollowing classifications

1. Defective, inferior, or unsuitable tools, machinery, equipment, or

materials.

2. Hazards of surroundings (poor housekeeping).

3. Hazardous methods or procedures.

4. Placement hazards (person not mentally or physically

compatible with job requirements).

5. Inadequate guarding of machinery, equipment, work areas, etc.



ELIMINATION OF UNSAFE CONDITIONS

1. Remove all obstacles or hindrance to the safe movement of

personnel, vehicles, or machines

2. Repair damaged floors, broken steps, cracked walls and

ceilings

3. Replace worn or damaged tools and equipment

4. Provide proper equipment for the hoisting and movement of

heavy objects

5. Install guards for moving parts of machinery, fans etc.

- continue



6. Insist on good housekeeping practices, remove debris, waste

material, and obsolete or useless equipment

7. Replace worn electrical wiring and fixtures

8. Post signs warning of hazards in certain areas

9. Conduct and abide to Job Safety Analysis

10. Conduct safety orientation of new and transferred employees.

ELIMINATION OF UNSAFE CONDITIONS



THE COSTS OF INJURIES AND ILLNESSES

Direct costs areoften just the tip

of the iceberg.

• Lost Wages

• Building & property damage

• Work delay & interruptions

• Workers demoralize

• Hiring, training of new employees

• Lost time by Supervisor & other

employees

• Overtime

• Medical Bills

Indirect costs can

be 50 times or

greater the direct

costs of injuries

and illnesses.



What you should know about Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses?

How can I reduce the costs of a work-related injury or illness?

1. Communication is the key. Contact all of the parties that maybe involved in an incident follow-up:

• The injured employee• Safety and Health Department

• Safety and Health Committee

• Engineering Department

• Your Superior

2. Follow the company’s Safety and Health Manual



ACCIDENT / INCIDENT REPORTING

1. Complete “Accident Form” within the shift

• Question the injured employee

• Complete all questionnaires in the accident form

• Come up with recommendations to prevent future

recurrence

• Remember the Accident Investigation is not to place blame

on the employee.

• Sign the report

• Distribute the report WITHIN 24 hour

- continue



2. Safety and Health Department works with all departmentsupervisors to:

• Identify the root cause of accident

• Correct the cause of the accident

• Determine the severity of the injury or illness:

i. The extent of medical treatment

ii. The number of missed workdays

iii. The number of light duty workdays

ACCIDENT / INCIDENT REPORTING



WHAT SHOULD YOU DO TO REDUCE RISK?

• Identify and correct problems before an injury occurs.

• Provide on-the-job training.

• Check for understanding.

• Allow only trained and authorized employees to perform jobs.

• Regularly inspect your work areas using Safety and Health’s

Scheduled Inspection Checklist.

• Ensure emergency equipment is always accessible.

• Attach guards to machinery. Replace worn tools andequipment



How do you reduce the risk for sprains, strains and other ergonomic

injuries?

• Ask for help in resolving ergonomic problems from Safety and

Health or Engineering Department.

• Provide ergonomic training, tools and equipment.

• Place work supplies and equipment within comfortable reach.

• Eliminate manual material handling tasks.



CONTROL OF ACCIDENT CAUSES

There are three main methods utilized (from Hierarchy of RiskControl) in the control of accident causes. They are;


2. Administrative Control

3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)



HIERARCHY OF RISK CONTROL

1. Elimination

2. Substitution

3. Isolation


5. Administrative Control

6. PPE

Start with “E”, middle with “E” and end with “E”




Elimination

The best method and total solution for risk control




Substitution



Environmental causes of accidents or unsafe conditions, can beeliminated through the application of engineering principles. When

an operation is mechanically and physically safe, it is unnecessary

to be as concerned about the uncertain behavior (unsafe acts) of

people. Machines are less apt to fail than men. It may be necessary

to make mechanical revision or modifications to eliminate existingunsafe conditions, and in some cases, to prevent unsafe acts.

Design of machine guards, automobile brakes, traffic signals,

pressure relief valves, and hand rails are varied examples of safety

engineering at work.

2. ENGINEERING CONTROL




Concerned




Solution




Concerned



Solution



Concerned



Solution



3. ADMINISTRATION CONTROL

• Education,

• Training,

i. Formal (Theory, Classroom, etc.)

ii. Un-formal (On-the-job Training, Signboards, SOP, etc.)iii. Awareness (Campaign, competition, etc.)

• Supervisions

• Recognitions & Rewards

• Enforcement & Punishment



Usually accidents can be prevented through adequate safetyengineering and education. However, there are some people who

are hazards to themselves and others because of their failure to

comply with accepted safety standards. It is these persons for

whom the strict enforcement of safety practices is necessary,

backed by prompt corrective action. No organized accidentprevention effort can be successful without effective enforcement

because accidents are frequently the direct result of violations of

safety principles. This is particularly true of vehicle accidents,

many of which are caused by unsafe acts which constitute traffic

law violations. Heads of departments and supervisors areresponsible for enforcing safety standards and regulations. Failure

to do so would be condoning conduct that leads to preventable

accidents.

ENFORCEMENT & PUNISHMENT



4. PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

1. Basic PPE

i. Safety Shoes

ii. Safety Helmet

2. Risk Area PPE

i. Harness (Work-at-heights)ii. Breathing Apparatus (Confined Space)

3. PPE as last alternative for Risk Control Hierarchy

i. Ear Muff (Noisy Area)



PPE POLICY

1. Objective

2. Scope

3. Reference

i. OSHA 514 Part VI (General duties of Employees

at Work) Section 24 (c)

ii. FMA 139 (Safety Health and Welfare Regulations

1970) Regulation 32 (a) to (g)4. Procedure

i. Employer’s Responsibilities

ii. Supervisor’s Responsibilities

iii. Employee’s Responsibilities

5. Training6. Types of Personal Protective Equipment.

i. Foot and head protection

ii. Eye and face protections.

iii. Ear Protection, etc.

7. Malpractices



PPE TRAINING

1. When PPE is necessary.2. What PPE is necessary.

3. How to properly wear and adjust PPE.

4. The limitations of PPE. The proper care, maintenance, useful

life, and disposal of PPE.

5. Each employee shall demonstrate an understanding of thetraining specified above, and the ability to use PPE properly

before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE.

6. Whenever the employee's supervisor has reason to believe

that any affected employee who has already been trained does

not have the understanding and skill required of this policy, orthe ability to properly use PPE, the supervisor shall arrange for

the employee to be retrained to a satisfactory level before

allowing the employee to perform work requiring the use of

PPE.

- continue



PPE TRAINING

7. Conditions where retraining is required include, but are notlimited to, situations where:

8. Changes in the workplace render previous training obsolete.

9. New products are used which render current types of PPE

obsolete or ineffective.

10. Changes in types of PPE render previous training obsolete.11. Inadequacies in an affected employee's knowledge or use of

assigned PPE indicate that the employee has not retained the

requisite understanding or skill.

12. The Safety and Health personnel shall verify that each affected

employee has received and understood the required trainingthrough a written certification that contains the name of each

employee trained, the date(s) of training, and that identifies the

subject of the certification.



Disciplinary action shall be taken against the all personnel covered

in this scope of policy for any of the malpractices included but

not limited to the following;

i. Fail to wear PPEs within specified areas and in areas where

it is mandatedii. Fail to maintain their PPE in good working condition, and to

notify their supervisors when their PPE is broken,

contaminated, lost, or otherwise compromised to the point

where the PPE no longer provides.

Disciplinary action may consist of any of the following;

i. Warning letter; or

ii. Fined; or

iii. Not allowed to entering company premises (contractor only)

MALPRACTICES



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3 Accident Prevention Strategic