ABPL 90085 CULTURE OF BUILDING - Miles Lewis · Structural Analysis of Historic Construction: Preserving Safety and Significance [proceedings of the Sixth International Confer ence

ABPL 90085 CULTURE OF BUILDING

Renaissance construction

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Brunelleschi

San Antonio, Padua, 1232-1307Heinrich Klotz, Filippo Brunelleschi: the Early Works and the

M di l T diti (L d 1990) 138

Sagrestia Vecchia, or Old Sacristy of San

Lorenzo, Florence, by

Filippo Brunelleschi,

1421-8

Eugenio Battisti Brunelleschi (London

1981), p 94

Old Sacristy of S Lorenzo, view of vault and domeBattisti, Brunelleschi, p 94

Old Sacristy of S Lorenzo

axonometric view

Klotz, Filippo Brunelleschi, pl VII

Pazzi Chapel, Santa Croce, Florence, by Filippo Brunelleschi & Guiliano da Maiano, c 1443-9 & -1461: dome view & diagram

Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 94.view ; Fine Arts, 172/F632/2CR/PAZINT/14; RE20.33.64

Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, 1296-1462George Tibbits

Duomo, Florence

Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, stages of constructionMiles Lewis, based on a drawing by G Rich, 1969, in F D Prager & Gustina Scaglia,

Brunelleschi: Studies of His Technology and Inventions, Cambridge [Massachusetts 1970), p 3

Duomo, Florence: the dome from above & belowPhilip Goad; George Tibbits

Duomo, Florence, model

of the dome built by F

Gizdulich, 1995, Istituto e Museo di Storia della

Scienza, Florence

Paolo Galluzzi,Renaissance Engineers

from Brunelleschi to Leonardo da Vinci

(Giunti, Florence 2001), p 95

Duomo, Florence, section of the dome

Piero Sanpaolesi, ‘La cupola di Santa Maria del Fiore ed il

mausoleo di Soltanieh’ Mitteilungen des

Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, XVI, 3 (1972), p 227

Duomo, Florence, cutaway isometric

of dome

Rowland Mainstone, ‘Brunelleschi’s Dome

Revisited’, Construction History, 24 (2009), p 19

the Oljeitu Mausoleum, Soltaniyeh, Iran, c 1310

Miles Lewis

the Oljeitu Mausoleum, drawing of the structurecourtesy Mohammad Reza Bazldjou

the structure of the cupola, based on georadar investigationL Giorgi & P Matracchi, ‘New Studies on Brunelleschi’s Dome in Florence’, in Dina D’Ayala & Enrico

Fodde [eds], Structural Analysis of Historic Construction: Preserving Safety and Significance[proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historic Construction, 2-4

July, Bath, United Kingdom] (2 vols, CRC Press, London 2008), I, p 194

the herringbone brickwork between the north and north-east segmentsGiovanni Fanelli & Michele Fanelli, Brunelleschi’s Cupola: Past and present of an Architectural Masterpiece

(Mandragora, Florence 2004), p 190

Duomo, Florence, detail of the circle within the two shells & diagram of the circle within the outer shell

King, Brunelleschi's Dome, p 108

Duomo, Florence, brick rib construction

Piero Sanpaolesi, ‘La cupola di Santa Maria del Fiore ed il mausoleo di Soltanieh’ Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen

Institutes in Florenz, XVI, 3 (1972), pp 257, 258

Sainte Chapelle, Paris, 1243-8Miles Lewis

section of the dome above the second internal

ambulatory, showing the

mattoni d’archoand the

spinapesce bond

Rowland Mainstone, ‘Brunelleschi’s Dome

Revisited’, Construction History, 24 (2009), p 34

Duomo, Florence: the sandstone chain; the stone armature of the domeKing, Brunelleschi's Dome, p 73; Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 141

Duomo, Florence,

diagram of the dome with the location of the

chains

Giovanni Fanelli & Michele Fanelli,

Brunelleschi’s Cupola: Past and present of an

Architectural Masterpiece


Duomo, Florence: the chains in the domeBattisti, Brunelleschi, p 137

detail of the first macigno [stone]

chain

L Ippolito & C Peroni, La Cupola di Santa Maria del’ Fiore (NIS, Rome 1997), reproduced in

Fanelli, Brunelleschi’s Cupola, p 182

Duomo, Florence, timber

base chain

Piero Sanpaolesi, ‘La cupola di Santa Maria

del Fiore ed il mausoleo di Soltanieh’

Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen

Institutes in Florenz,XVI, 3 (1972), p 251

Duomo, Florence section of a

median vertical in a segment of the

dome

Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 144

the space between the

inner and outer shell with one

of the passages through a spur





stairway across the

upper part of the dome, connecting

the third and fourth

walkways





Duomo, Florence, schematic cross section of the dome indicating, from archival

records the levels achieved in the different building

campaigns

L Giorgi & P Matracchi, ‘New Studies on Brunelleschi’s Dome in Florence’, in

Dina D’Ayala & Enrico Fodde [eds], Structural Analysis of Historic

Construction: Preserving Safety and Significance [proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historic Construction, 2-4 July, Bath, United Kingdom] (2 vols, CRC Press, London 2008), I, p 191

Duomo, Florence,reconstruction of

the loading platform in place

and the ‘great hoist’ and ‘great

crane’ in operation at the level of the

the second walkway

H Saalman, Filippo Brunelleschi: the

Cupola of Santa Maria del Fiore (Zwemmer,

London 1980)

Duomo, Florence, dome of 1420-36: Brunelleschi's scaffolding as reported by Nelli, 1755Prager & Scaglia, Brunelleschi: Studies, p 28

Duomo, Florence, plan of scaffolding holesand reconstruction of working platform


Duomo, Florence:

building the ribs

Sanpaolesi, ‘Santa Maria del

Fiore ed Soltanieh’, p 250

Duomo, Florence: conjectural reconstruction of the first stage of construction, with scaffolding attached to the interior


Duomo, Florence, sections withconjectural reconstruction of scaffolding


Duomo, Florence, plan and section of

scaffolding and centring at the top, as

conjectured by F Gattari & A Vartolo


later domes & vaults

St Peter’s, Romeold St Paul’s, London

present St Paul’s, LondonResidenz, Wurzburg

Neresheim & Die Vies

St Peter's, Rome, dome by Michelangelo, modified by Giacomo della Porta, 1546-64

Fine Arts 172 / V345 / 11PE / RE 99.091.09

Old St Paul's Cathedral, London: dome proposed by Christopher Wren, 1666elevation & section

Kerry Downes, The Architecture of Wren (2nd ed, Reading [Berkshire] pls 20, 21

St Paul's Cathedral, London, by Sir Christopher Wren,as designed, 1675: south elevation

Downes, Architecture of Wren, pl 58.

St Paul's Cathedral, London, as designed by Wren, 1675, sectionDownes, Architecture of Wren, pl 59

Dôme des Invalides, Paris,

by Jules Hardouin-

Mansart, 1680-1

Diapofilm, Architecture Classique

Dome des Invalides, drawing of the timber dome framing, and model at the

Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris

E L Tarbuck [ed], Encyclopædia of Practical Carpentry and Joinery (2 vols, A H Payne, Leipzig, no date), II, pl 43. Connaissance des Arts (Musée

des Arts et Métiers, Paris 2000), p 24

dome of St Paul's

Cathedral, as built by Wren,

1675-1710

Lewis, Architectura, p 223

dome of St Paul's, as built by Wren, 1675-1710section & plan of carpentry, axonometric section

Francis Price, The British Carpenter (London 1753), facing p 30Margaret Whinney, Wren (London 1971), p 121

Baptistery, Pisa, by Dioti Salvi, 1153-1278

unspecified: slide 31

Baptistery, Pisa: original and present elevations & sectionsE H Swift, Roman Sources of Christian Art (New York 1951), after Rouhault de Fleury, Les

Monuments du Pise

St Maria Birnbaum, near Augsburg, Germany,by Konstantin Pader, 1661-8

R Barthel, H Maus & C Kayser, 'Maria Birnbaum - Construction History, Conservation History', in Dina D’Ayala & Enrico Fodde [eds], Structural Analysis of Historic Construction (CRC Press, London 2008) II, p 1424.

St Maria Birnbaum,

longitudinal section through the roof

structure and tower; bottom,

isometric view of the main roof

Barthel, Maus & Kayser, 'Maria

Birnbaum', p 1425

the Residenz, Wurzburg, Germany, by Balthasar Neumann, 1732: sectionLangschnïtt, 1732, Kunstbibliotek, Berlin

Residenz, Wurzburg, upper surface of main vaultOtto, Space into Light, pl 76

Convent Church at Neresheim, Swabia, by BalthasarNeumann, c 1750: plan and section

Pierre Charpentrat, Living Architecture: Baroque, Italy and Central Europe (London 1967 [1964]), p 106

Pilgrimage Church, Die Wies, Germany, by

Dominikus & Johann Baptist Zimmerman,

1745-54: structural detail of the main vault

Hans-Joachim Sachse, Die barocken Dachwerks- und

Gewölbekonstruktionen der Abteikirche zu Neresheim (1975)

Baroque basilica at Ottobeuren, Germany, 1737-66: roof planDavid Yeomans,’A Visit to Bavarian Roofs’, CHS Magazine, no 90, December 2011, pp 18-19

basilica at Ottobeuren, 1737-66: roof space over the main domeDavid Yeomans,’A Visit to Bavarian Roofs’, CHS Magazine, no 90, December 2011, p 21

hoisting machinery

scaffolding for the nave of St Peter's Church, Rome, c 1550E L Tarbuck [ed], Encyclopædia of Practical Carpentry and Joinery (2 vols, A H Payne, Leipzig, no date),II. p 49

Tower of Babel, by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, 1563

Tower of Babel, detailsthe construction of two arches;

drum-like lifting device based on a treadmill and a block and tackleScientific American (March 1978), p 135

treadmill cranesdetails from the Tower of Babel, and from a portrait of Jan

Fernaguut of Bruges, by Pieter Pourbus the ElderScientific American (March 1978), cover & p 137

the Pieter Pourbus crane as recon-

structed at Bruges.

Arturs Lapins

crane and capstan, illustrated by Alberti,

1452

[L B Alberti ,Ten Books on Architecture (London 1755

[1452]), pl XV

crane and capstan, devised by John Webb to lift heavy stones at St Paul's Cathedral, London, 1637 (compared with Alberti’s)

Malcolm Airs, The Tudor & Jacobean Country House: a Building History (Godalming [Surrey] 1998), p 143

'stella' or star of pulleys, in use at the Malatestiano, Rimini: miniature by Giovanni di Fano, in the Hesperis of Bassinio


Brunelleschi's 'castello‘ craneas drawn by Leonardo da Vinci, and in a model

King, Brunelleschi's Dome, p 70; by by SARI & Mariani, Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florence

Brunelleschi’s revolving crane with hoist: model, University of Florence; illustration by Bonaccorso Ghiberti, BR 228 (BNCF) fol 107v

Paolo Galluzzi, Renaissance Engineers from Brunelleschi to Leonardo da Vinci (Giunti, Florence 2001), pp 115, 114

model of a medium duty hoist

for rapid lifting


medium duty hoist for use on the ground or on scaffoldingBuonaccorso Ghiberti, Zibaldone (Florence,Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, MS BR 228

animal-powered hoistsBrunelleschi's ox-hoist (here driven by a horse), as

illustrated by Marco Taccola; model of a similar machineMS Palatino 766 (BNCF), fol 10r.; Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 132

Duomo, Florence, dome of 1420-36,

Brunelleschi's hoisting system

drawing by G Rich, 1969, in Prager & Scaglia, Brunelleschi:

Studies, p 90

Duomo, Florence, dome of 1420-36, Brunelleschi's hoisting system: detail of hoist mechanism

Duomo, Florence, dome of 1420-36, Brunelleschi's hoisting system: detail of upper works

Brunelleschi’s three speed hoist, drawn by Leonardo da Vinci. Codex Atlanticus (BAM), fol 1083v

model of Brunelleschi’s three speed hoistPaolo Galluzzi, Renaissance Engineers from Brunelleschi to Leonardo

da Vinci (Giunti, Florence 2001), p 101

tongs, keys & pulleys from the Duomo, Florence, C15th and laterGiovanni Fanelli, Brunelleschi (Florence 1980), p 39

sledge used at the Duomo, FlorenceBattisti, Brunelleschi, p 263

Duomo, Florence, lantern by Guiliano da

Maiano, 1462

Fanelli, Brunelleschi, p 35

wooden model of the Duomo

lantern, Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore Museum,

Florence





Duomo, Florence: medium duty hoist, scaffolding and cranes used in the construction of the lantern, & crane on rollers, used to build the cone, from B Ghiberti, Zibaldone

Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 262-3

lifting machine, by Jaques

Besson, 1578:windlass &

double hoist

Jaques Besson, Theatrum

Instrumentorum(late C16th)

anotherlifting machine,

by Jaques Besson, 1578:

Continuous bucket machine

Jaques Besson, Theatrum

Instrumentorum

lifting device with a screw and weight

(for shipbuilding), by Jaques Besson

Jaques Besson, Theatrum Instrumentorum

crane, Germany

1705

Johan Wilhelm, Architectura Civilis(Frankfort 1705)

rotating cranes, from Diderot’s Encyclopédie

Denis Diderot et al, Encyclopédie: ou,

Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers par une société de

gens de lettres (35 vols, Paris 1751-1780), sv 'Charpente', pl xlvii

eighteenth century

French crane: Musée des

Arts et Metiers, Paris,

inv 1118

Francis Mer et al, Musée des Arts et Metiers: l'Album

(Musée National des Techniques, Paris

1990), p 20

moving the obelisk from the Circus Maximus to the Piazza of St Peter, Rome, by Domenico Fontana, 1586

Sandström, Man the Builder, p 190; M W Jones, Principles of Roman Architecture(New Haven [Connecticut] 2000), p 158

transportation of a granite block of 1500 tonnes for the base of a statue of Peter the Great, St Petersburg, 1768

G E Sandström, Man the Builder (New York 1975 [1970]), p 38

travelling craneE H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols,

Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1585

travelling crane used in the construction of the Lands Department, Sydney, 1876

(a) for hoisting stones in the stonemason's shop during (b) for

building the walls

Emery Balint, Trevor Howells & Victoria Smyth, Warehouses and Woolstores of Victorian Sydney

(Melbourne 1982), p 120, 121

Treasury Building, Melbourne, by J J Clark of the PWD 1858-62: view during construction, 1858Barnett Johnstone photo, State Library of Victoria

Treasury Building, Spring Street, MelbourneMiles Lewis

patent steam travelling crane by McNicol & Vernon, Liverpool, 1850sImperial Journal, I, facing p 188

steam travelling craneE H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols,

Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), III, p 2618

Documents

ABPL 90085 CULTURE OF BUILDING - Miles Lewis · Structural Analysis of Historic Construction: Preserving Safety and Significance [proceedings of the Sixth International Confer ence