ABPL 90228 Post-Renaissance Architecture

AlbertiAlberti

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Leon Battista Alberti

(1404-1472)an anonymousan anonymous

portrait

Biblioteca Nazionale, Rome

Loggia dei Lanzi [Loggia dei Priori], Florence, by Benci di Cione & Simone Talenti, 1376-81

Firenze, no 24

the palazzithe palazzithe palazzithe palazzi

Palazzo Pitti, Florence [?by Filippo Brunelleschi or Michelozzo], 1458-66Biblioteca Nazionale, Rome

Palazzo Pitti: distant modern viewFine Arts RE20.43.19

Palazzo Pitti, original façadeBates Lowry, Renaissance Architecture (London 1968 [New York 1962]), fig 14

Palazzo PittiPalazzo Pittidetail of stonework

Fine Arts RE20.43.25

Palazzo Medici, Florence, by Michelozzo di Bartolomeo, 1444-59Pru Sanderson

Palazzo Medici section & plansection & plan

Fine Arts 172/ F632/ 3MED/ PLAN/ 3; RE20.44.72; 172/

F632/ 3MED/ PLAN/ 4; RE20.44.73

Palazzo MediciFine Arts 172/ F632/ 3MED/ EXT/ 3; RE20.44.56; Pru Sanderson

Palazzo Medici, courtyard

Fine Arts 172/F632/3MED/ EXT/ 12; RE 20.44.65; L H Heydenreich & Wolfgang Lotz , Architecture in Italy 1400 to 1600 (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1974), pl 11

Alberti & his timeAlberti & his time

Leon Battista Alberti (1404Leon Battista Alberti (1404--1472)1472)(( ))

from an exiled Florentine familyfrom an exiled Florentine familyfrom an exiled Florentine familyfrom an exiled Florentine familystudied Latin, Greek & lawstudied Latin, Greek & law

i t t d i h i & th tii t t d i h i & th tiinterested in physics & mathematicsinterested in physics & mathematicsa papal officiala papal official

treatise on painting, treatise on painting, Della PitturaDella Pittura (1436)(1436)architectural work from c 1440architectural work from c 1440architectural work from c 1440architectural work from c 1440

De Re AedificatoriaDe Re Aedificatoria [On Building], 1452[On Building], 1452

Architecture is a great thing, which cannot be undertaken by all. One must have intelligence, and

persevering zeal, the best knowledge and long practice, and above all grave and severe judgement

and counsel to succeed in the profession of architect. For in matters of building the first glory of all is to

judge well that which is fitting. To build, in fact, is a necessity. To build conveniently responds to

necessity and utility, but to build so that one is praised by men of glory and not criticized by the frugal, can only come from, the ability of a learned, wise and

judicious artist.Johnson, 'Leon Battista Alberti', pp 49-50

Vitruvius & architectural theoryVitruvius & architectural theory

Vitruvius’s text discovered by Poggio in 1415Vitruvius s text discovered by Poggio in 1415

Vitruvius: utilitas, firmitas, venustas(function structure & beauty)(function, structure & beauty)

concinnitas universarum partium(harmony and concord in all the parts )(harmony and concord in all the parts )

Alberti refers to ‘temples’ and ‘gods’

f i l d l l lfavours circular and polygonal plans

mathematical harmonic proportions

a harmony and concord of all the parts ... fitted together ... so that nothing could be added or subtracted except for g p

the worse'

from Ferrara to Florence

Arco del Cavallo FerraraArco del Cavallo, FerraraBorsi, Alberti, the Complete Works, p 20

F C h d lFerrara Cathedral,view, & detail of the

campanile

Borsi, Alberti, the CompleteWorks, pp 22, 23

F C th d lFerrara Cathedral campanile, details

Borsi, Alberti, the CompleteWorks, pp 23, 24

L i R ll i Fl b Alb ti ?1450Loggia Rucellai, Florence, by Alberti, ?1450sinset: Loggia dei Lanzi Miles LewisFirenze, no 24

Loggia Rucellai, detailsBorsi, Alberti, Complete Edition, p 76; Miles Lewis

Tempio MalatestianoTempio Malatestiano

Arch of Constantine, Rome, AD 312Miles Lewis

A h f A tArch of Augustus, Rimini, 27 BC

W L MacDonald, The Architecture of the Roman Empire. II. An Urban

Appraisal (New Haven [Connecticut]Appraisal (New Haven [Connecticut] 1986), p 85

S Francesco [Tempio Malatestiano], Rimini, by Alberti, ?1450- c 1461Fine Arts c.89.7.104

Tempio Malatestianode' Pasti's medal

reconstruction of Alberti's schemeBorsi, Alberti, the Complete Works, pp 95, 100

Tempio Malatestiano: Plan & sectionPlan & section

Fine Arts C91.1.8; 172/R576/2fr/plan;172/R576/2fr/plan;

C91.1.9; Icarus AT010 1990

Tempio Malatestiano, sideMalatestiano, side

flank

Lowry, Renaissance Architecture, p 28

Palazzo RucellaiPalazzo Rucellai

P l R ll iPalazzo Rucellai, Florence, façade by Alberti, ?1452-

1470

MUAS 9861MUAS 9861

Palazzo Rucellai Florence façade by Alberti ?1452 / 1470Palazzo Rucellai, Florence, façade by Alberti, ?1452- / 1470 suggested reconstruction of originally proposed façade; view

Borsi, Alberti, the Complete Works, p 52; MUAS 9861

Palazzo Rucellai, Florence, , ,façade by Alberti, ?1452-

1470view & elevationview & elevation

MUAS 9861 ; Borsi, Alberti, the Complete Works, p 53

Palazzo Rucellai, detailsPru Sanderson

Palazzo RucellaiPalazzo Rucellaiground floor detail

Miles Lewis

Santa Maria NovellaSanta Maria Novella

Fresco of the Arts, with the plans of Santa Maria Novella, Palazzo Rucellai, Florence, by Il Pomarancio [Christoforno Roncalli]

Fine Arts RE20.46.12

Santa Maria Novella, Florence (1278-1350), façade by Alberti, 1458-71Fine Arts RE20.37.61

Santa Maria N llNovella

proportions of the façade, as analysed by

Borsi

Franco Borsi LeonFranco Borsi, Leon Battista Alberti (Oxford

1987), p 84

Santa Maria Novella theNovella the

fallacies underlying

Borsi’sBorsi s analysis

Miles Lewis

Santa Maria Novella, façadeMiles Lewis

Santa Maria Novella details

Miles LewisMiles LewisPru Sanderson

attic c 1200

arcading early C11th

zebrazebrastripingpossibly

C13thC13th

comparison of ordonnancecomparison of ordonnanceSanta Maria Novella and the Baptistery of San Giovanni

Miles Lewis

Tomb of San Petronio, or Santo Sepulcro [the HolySepulcro [the Holy

Sepulchre], Cappella Rucellai in San

Pancrazio 1460Pancrazio, 1460-1472

Fine Arts 172A/A332/2C; 96.10007.02

th M t h hthe Mantuan churches

San Sebastiano, Mantua, by Alberti, 1460-72 [not completed until 1529, restored 1925]

Fine Arts 172/M291/2se; C6-82 B55

the 'Etruscan Temple' ofTemple of

Alberti's De Re Aedificatoria, woodcut from

Bartoli's edition of 15501550

Borsi, Alberti, the Complete Works, p 148

San Sebastiano: plans & sectionsFine Arts 87.76.1

San Sebastiano: Wittkower'sWittkower's

reconstruction of the façade as

originally proposed

Borsi, Alberti, the Complete Works, p 154, p

San Sebastiano, proposed scheme, compared with the Cappella p p p ppPazzi, Florence, by Brunelleschi & Guiliano da Maiano, 1443-61

Brian Lewis

San Sebastiano, proposed scheme, compared with the p p ptriumphal arch at Orange, France, c 30 BC

Miles Lewis

San Sebastiano: view from the north-westHeydenreich & Lotz, Architecture in Italy, pl 24

Sant' Andrea, Mantua, by y

Alberti, 1470-72 [not completed

til 1481]until 1481]

Bruce Boucher [ed], Andrea Palladio: the Architect in his TimeArchitect in his Time

(Abbeville Press, New York 1998), p 170

Sant' Andrea, Mantua: planFine Arts 172/M291/2an/pl

Sant' Andrea, Mantua: longitudinal sectionIcarus AT 004, 1990

Sant' Andrea, Mantua: interiorFine Arts 172/M291/2an/int

Sant' Andrea, Mantua: details of the ordonnanceFine Arts 172/M291/2an/in; 172/M291/2an/tr

The Arch of Titus, Rome, after AD 81, and Sant’ Andrea,MantuaMiles Lewis, Fine Arts 172/M291/2an/tr

contemporariescontemporariescontemporariescontemporaries

Pienza plans of the piazza

and the town

Fine Arts 172/P614/1: 86 10 4Fine Arts 172/P614/1: 86.10.4Icarus AT 095:1990

Pienza, aerial view of piazzaIcarus AT 095, 1990

Piazza Pio II, the Duomo & the Palazzo Piccolomini, by Rossellino, c 1460Fine Arts 172/P614/1

Cathedral of Pienza, by Bernardoby Bernardo

Rossellino, 1462

Fine Arts 172/P614/2 ca: c88.20.653

Palazzo StrozziPalazzo Strozzi, Florence, by Benedetto a

Maiano from 1489, l t d b Il Ccompleted by Il Cronaca,

1539: close view

Fine Arts 172/F632 SQ/ 3/ (1)Fine Arts 172/F632 SQ/ 3/ (1)

Palazzo Strozzi: half elevations, with and without the corniceFine Arts 172/F632/ 3STR / 20; RE20.46.42

Palazzo Strozzi: final elevationFletcher, A History of Architecture [1961 ed], p 885

Palazzo Strozzi: plan & section

Fletcher, A History of Architecture [1961 ed], p 885

Palazzo Strozzi: cornice

Fine Arts 172/F632/ 3STR / 11; RE20.46.29 Fletcher, A History of

Architecture [1961 ed], p 885

Palazzo Strozzi façade detailsPalazzo Strozzi, façade detailsPru Sanderson