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A researcher’s perspective of regulatory issues
Dr. Maria A. WimmerProfessor and Head of Research Group eGovernment
[email protected]://www.uni-koblenz.de/agvinf/
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 20082
Agenda
Current context of regulations in cross-sectorial relationships
Future visions of society, State and governments The impact of technology on society and States Keeping pace with the fast technological evolution
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 20083
Sectors of Society
Civil sector Public sector Private sector
Not-for-profit sector
Governments
Parliaments
CitizensCompanies
Non-Profit Organisations
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 20084
Traditional relationships among actors in the public sector
Civil sector Public sector Private sector
Not-for-profit sector
Governments
Parliaments
CitizensCompanies
Non-Profit Organisations
Policies for implementation; Laws and directives as regulatory body framing
government activity
Feedback from implementation,
Demands for regulation, Statistics, …
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 20085
Traditional relationships among the public and the other sectors
Civil sector Public sector Private sector
Not-for-profit sector
Governments
Parliaments
CitizensCompanies
Non-Profit Organisations
§§
§
Governments regulate society and demand citizens to fulfill their
duties towards the State
Governments regulate the market and the third sector through intervention in the market and in community
business
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 20086
The sectors enacting their rights in democracies
Civil sector Public sector Private sector
Not-for-profit sector
Governments
Parliaments
CitizensCompanies
Non-Profit Organisations
Citizens exercise their rights in democracy through voting and democratic deliberation
Companies and NPOs express their needs and demands in shaping society
and markets through lobbying, community groups, unions, etc.
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 20087
Agenda
Current context of regulations in cross-sectorial relationships
Future visions of society, State and governments The impact of technology on society and States Keeping pace with the fast technological evolution
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 20088
Scenario example: Ambient government[Stable environment, trust in government, government focus on inclusive services]
Society and context
Europeanization
Standardisation
High investments into education as prevention measurement
Internet communities
Government Cooperation between Europe’s governments
Central EU eProcurement
No physical contact (high quality of eServices)
Political power at EU and local level raises, decrease at national level
Transparent decision-making
Public-Private Partnerships
ICT
Communication across cultures
ICT as driver e.g. economic growth
Universal wireless networks
Security standards
Sector-specific regulation
Service-oriented architecture
Abstract: Government is all around. Citizens have a high confidence in government to effectively and efficiently settle issues for the common good. They are helped by a stable development of key environment variables.
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 20089
Scenario example: Incident politics[Disruptive environment, distrust in government, government focus on core business]
Society and context
Social exclusion, digital divide
Instable environment (terrorism, wars, etc.)
Ageing society
Privacy subordinated to security
Individualism and self-responsibility
Nationalism, Europe breaks down
Government Problems with providing essential services
Restricted role in legal & governmental issues
Simplification of procedures and organisational structures
Cooperation and common policy
Depersonalised interaction between government and citizens
ICT
Remote monitoring
Implanted devices
eParticipation
eServices
Ubiquitous Digital Right Management
Two-class- society: On one hand young, well-educated citizens always on the move and always on the run. On the other hand old citizens with only little understanding of existing ICT. Society has become largely individualistic, with only a small role for government that is distrusted. A disruptive environment is the reason why citizens demand security, and ICT is deployed for that purposes, as well as to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of government.
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200810
Agenda
Current context of regulations in cross-sectorial relationships
Future visions of society, State and governments The impact of technology on society and States Keeping pace with the fast technological evolution
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200811
The impact of technology on society and States
Internet as a global virtual space without borders Anywhere and any time Whatever one is searching for
Do we need to regulate the virtual space ???
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200812
The impact of technology on society and States
Full electronic markets and eBusiness Technology has become an ordinary means of business Business processes have been streamlined Regulation? Transformation of traditional practice, some
digital rights, driven by demand and offer … Social life gets more and more onto virtual spaces
Social networks and communities such as youtube, Flickr, Facebook, etc.
Self-regulation, everywhere present, any information you want to provide …
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200813
Public sector online services
Government eServices improving Regulated mostly in existing laws, some new eGov acts
Law becomes accessible for free via the internet Do citizens understand the laws without translation into
their daily language? Jurisdiction becomes accessible Parliaments provide in part eVoting mechanisms Parliaments start to get citizens more engaged through
online media
What is the role of Parliaments and Governments in a virtual world?
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200815
What happens in a virtual world?
Civil sector Public sector Private sector
Not-for-profit sector
Virtual communities
Second life
Social networks
eDemocracy & eGovernment
Virtual State?
eCitizenship?
eBusiness
eCollaboration
Virtual organizations
eCollaboration
Virtual communities
Governments
ParliamentsCitizen
sCompanies Non-Profit
Organisat.
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200816
Civil sector Public sector Private sector
Not-for-profit sector
Virtual communities
Second life
Social networks
eDemocracy & eGovernment
Virtual State?
eCitizenship?
eBusiness
eCollaboration
Virtual organizations
eCollaboration
Virtual communities
What happens in a virtual world?
Governments
ParliamentsCitizen
sCompanies Non-Profit
Organisat.
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200817
What happens in a virtual world?
Civil sector Public sector Private sector
Not-for-profit sector
Virtual communities
Second life
Social networks
eDemocracy & eGovernment
Virtual State?
eCitizenship?
eBusiness
eCollaboration
Virtual organizations
eCollaboration
Virtual communities
Citizens
Companies Non-Profit Organisat.
?? ?? ?? ??Government
s
Parliaments
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200818
Agenda
Current context of regulations in cross-sectorial relationships
Future visions of society, State and governments The impact of technology on society and States Keeping pace with the fast technological evolution
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200819
Some thoughts on interdependent aspects
Regulatory frameworks are heavily impacted by the emerging technologies and the fast adoption by the civil and the private sector
Regulations are often constraining the application of newly emerging technologies and applications for citizen participation in democratic processes
Mismatch between the stability of regulatory frameworks and fast advancements of technologies, and the private communities and markets adopting them
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200820
13 Crucial Themes for Future eGoverment Research
Trust in eGovernment Semantic and cultural
interoperability of public services Assessing the value of government
ICT investments E-participation, citizen engagement
and democratic processes Mission-oriented goals and
performance management Cyber infrastructures for
eGovernment
Information quality Ontology and intelligent information
and knowledge management Governance of public-private-civic
sector relationships Government’s role in the
virtual world Crossing borders and the need for
governance capabilities eGovernment in the context of
socio-demographic change Data privacy and personal
identity
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200821
Government’s role in the virtual world
Abstract: Global electronic markets, virtual organizations, virtual identities, virtual products and services, and Internet-related crime are growing in prominence and importance. In a world that is increasingly non-physical and borderless, what are government’s roles, responsibilities and limitations?
Key words: intellectual property, government in cyberspace, regulating the virtual world
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200822
Government’s role in the virtual world
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200823
Data privacy and personal identity
Abstract: Data privacy and personal identity have become important aspects in the Information Society. On the one hand, the potential of modern ICT could be exploited to take advantage of personal information to improve the performance and quality of government services. On the other hand, privacy and personal data need to be secured and protected in order to prevent misuse and fraud. What policies, protocols, and data management mechanisms are needed to balance individual privacy protection with effective and efficient use of that information by government?
Key words: data privacy, identity management, efficiency of services
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200824
Data privacy and personal identity
Council of Europe Forum for the Future of Democracy, 15-17 October 200825
Some open questions
What consequences and impact will the transition to more advanced eParticipation and to more virtual democracy have for current constitutions, government bodies and the roles of elected representatives?
What regulatory implications will this transition bear for States and politics?