A Poll in a Ire

8/3/2019 A Poll in a Ire

1/21

Guillaume ApollinaireGuillaume Apollinaire

Experiments in poetryExperiments in poetry

Linda C.H. LaiLinda C.H. Lai


2/21

Guillaume Apollinaire (1880Guillaume Apollinaire (1880 --1918)1918)

Poet who took part in avantPoet who took part in avant --garde movements in Frenchgarde movements in Frenchliterature in the beginning of 20literature in the beginning of 20 thth century.century.

11stst

work (15 years of poetry):work (15 years of poetry):ALCOOLS (1913)ALCOOLS (1913)

http://www.wiu.edu/apollinaire/ http://www.wiu.edu/apollinaire/ (in French)(in French)

http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/737http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/737 (in English)(in English)http://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/lehttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le --pontpont --mirabeaumirabeau --recordedrecorded --byby --apollinaireapollinaire --

inin--19131913 --presentationpresentation (to listen to Apollinaire(to listen to Apollinaire s reading in 1913)s reading in 1913)
http://www.wiu.edu/apollinaire/http://www.wiu.edu/apollinaire/http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/737http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/737http://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/737http://www.wiu.edu/apollinaire/


3/21

Guillaume Apollinaire (1880Guillaume Apollinaire (1880 --1918)1918)

Poetry as usually read today, silently and from aPoetry as usually read today, silently and from a

monotonously printed text, fails to exploit itsmonotonously printed text, fails to exploit its twotwoprincipal sensuous aspectsprincipal sensuous aspects

**shapeshape

*sound*sound


4/21


Poetry as a Poetry as a visual visual experience: experience:

*figure & ground: the perception of dark figures*figure & ground: the perception of dark figuresarranged on a light surface (or vice versa)arranged on a light surface (or vice versa)

---- type size, paragraphing, runtype size, paragraphing, run --down pattern,down pattern,generic forms etc.generic forms etc.

organization thought via visual arrangementorganization thought via visual arrangement((spatializationspatialization of text)of text)


5/21

Guillaume Apollinaire: poetryGuillaume Apollinaire: poetry

Efforts to make a poem a distinct visual objectEfforts to make a poem a distinct visual object

Some methods:Some methods:

Principle of the ideogramPrinciple of the ideogram[a written sign that represents[a written sign that represents an idea or thing an idea or thing ratherratherthan the sound of a word]than the sound of a word]

CalligrammesCalligrammes (visual + verbal composition)(visual + verbal composition)


6/21


What areWhat are CalligrammesCalligrammes ??

Plastic arrangement of words on writing surfacesPlastic arrangement of words on writing surfaces

visual lyricismvisual lyricism

Visual poetry / spatial poetryVisual poetry / spatial poetry


7/21



Visual poetry / spatial poetryVisual poetry / spatial poetry

Derived from TWO techniquesDerived from TWO techniques Fragmentation Fragmentation Recombination Recombination (of fragments)(of fragments)(in his conversation poems)(in his conversation poems)


8/21


What areWhat are CalligrammesCalligrammes ??Fragmentation / RecombinationFragmentation / Recombination

Simultaneous nature of consciousness Simultaneous nature of consciousness (abandoning)(abandoning)

Discursive expressionDiscursive expression

Linear layout of poemLinear layout of poem


9/21



Fragmentation / RecombinationFragmentation / Recombination

Typographical revolution Typographical revolution It is necessary that our intelligence becomeIt is necessary that our intelligence becomeaccustomed to understandingaccustomed to understanding syntheticosynthetico --

ideographicallyideographically instead ofinstead of analyticoanalytico --discursivelydiscursively .. (G.(G. ArbouinArbouin ))


10/21


3 different fashions in the plastic arrangement of words3 different fashions in the plastic arrangement of words((CalligrammesCalligrammes ):):

(1) to represent the objects being described (1) to represent the objects being described

(2) to represent a total conception of the order of (2) to represent a total conception of the order of the world or of the universe the world or of the universe

(3) to express a movement of thought within the (3) to express a movement of thought within the poem poem (writing for the eye)(writing for the eye)


11/21


To represent theTo represent theobjects being describedobjects being described

e.g.e.g. Paysage Paysage (Landscape(Landscape ), ),La La Cravate Cravate et la et la Montre Montre (The(The

Tie and the Watch),Tie and the Watch),Il Il Pleut Pleut (It(Its Raining)s Raining)


12/21



13/21


To represent a totalTo represent a totalconception of theconception of theorder of the world ororder of the world orof the universeof the universe

e.g.e.g. Lettre Lettre - - Oc Oc an an (Ocean(OceanLetter)Letter)


14/21


To express a movementTo express a movementof thought within theof thought within thepoempoem (writing for the(writing for theeye):eye):

e.g.e.g. Vis Vis e e (Aim)(Aim)


15/21


Poetry as an aural experience: Poetry as an aural experience:

Sound of the words in combination Sound of the words in combination

http://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/lehttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le --pontpont --mirabeaumirabeau --recordedrecorded --byby --apollinaireapollinaire --inin--19131913 --presentationpresentation (to listen to Apollinaire(to listen to Apollinaire s reading ins reading in1913)1913)
http://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/Pawlowski/le-pont-mirabeau-recorded-by-apollinaire-in-1913-presentation


16/21

Apollinaire:Apollinaire: Poetry as an aur Poetry as an aur al al experience experience

: : Sound of the words in combination: 2 methods Sound of the words in combination: 2 methods

(1) To write while humming a tune to whose(1) To write while humming a tune to whose

rhythm he could fit wordsrhythm he could fit words[to upkeep meter[to upkeep meter --consciousness]consciousness]

(2)(2) PoemesPoemes conversationsconversations [combining at random the odd sentences and phrases that occurred[combining at random the odd sentences and phrases that occurred totohim or that he overheard]him or that he overheard]


17/21

Poetry as an aur Poetry as an aur al al experience experience

Sound of the words in combination Sound of the words in combination

Pure sound:Pure sound:Exploration of vowel qualities,Exploration of vowel qualities,

alliteration, rhymes etc.alliteration, rhymes etc.

e.g.e.g. VoyageVoyage ParisParis (Voyage to Paris)(Voyage to Paris)


18/21

Guillaume ApollinaireGuillaume Apollinaire ss Calligrammes Calligrammes

EspenEspen J.J. ArsethArseth cites Apollinairecites Apollinaire s nons non --linear textslinear texts

inin calligrammescalligrammes as examplesas examplesofof

ergodic ergodic literature literature

which also characterizeswhich also characterizes

the the cybertextual cybertextual process process See his book,See his book, Cybertext Cybertext : Perspectives on : Perspectives on Ergodic Ergodic Literature (1997)Literature (1997)


19/21

A more generic term: Concrete poetryA more generic term: Concrete poetry

Other names:Other names: pattern poetry, shape poetry pattern poetry, shape poetry

Typographical arrangement of words is asTypographical arrangement of words is asimportant as the conventional elementsimportant as the conventional elements(meaning of words, rhythm, rhyme(meaning of words, rhythm, rhyme ))

The words themselves form a picture. [imagery]The words themselves form a picture. [imagery]


20/21

Concrete poetryConcrete poetry

Term coined by Augusto de CamposTerm coined by Augusto de Campos

Useful reference:Useful reference:TheThe SacknerSackner Archive of Visual and Concrete Poetry:Archive of Visual and Concrete Poetry:

http://www.rediscov.com/sacknerarchives/ http://www.rediscov.com/sacknerarchives/ Indexes toIndexes to webpageswebpages and print resources:and print resources:http://www.gardendigest.com/concrete/index.htmlhttp://www.gardendigest.com/concrete/index.html

OnOn pattern poetrypattern poetry ::Dick Higgins,Dick Higgins, Pattern Poetry: Guide to an Unknown Literature. State Pattern Poetry: Guide to an Unknown Literature. State

University of New York, 1987.University of New York, 1987.
http://www.rediscov.com/sacknerarchives/http://www.rediscov.com/sacknerarchives/http://www.gardendigest.com/concrete/index.htmlhttp://www.gardendigest.com/concrete/index.htmlhttp://www.gardendigest.com/concrete/index.htmlhttp://www.rediscov.com/sacknerarchives/


21/21

Concrete poetryConcrete poetry

Interactive puzzle poetry:Interactive puzzle poetry:

Jennifer Kathleen PhillipsJennifer Kathleen Phillips

http://www.geocities.com/visualpoetry_au/vpoem.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/visualpoetry_au/vpoem.html
http://www.geocities.com/visualpoetry_au/vpoem.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/visualpoetry_au/vpoem.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/visualpoetry_au/vpoem.html

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A Poll in a Ire