A Pavement Damage Based System For Charging HGVs For Their Use Of Road Infrastructure

Nii Amoo Dodoo and Neil ThorpeSchool of Civil Engineering and GeosciencesTransport Operations Research Group (TORG)University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Highways: cost and Regulation in Europe

26 – 27 November 2004, Bergamo Italy.

Outline of Presentation

Introduction and Background

Factors Affecting Pavement Damage

Overview of Charging System

Development of System

Results of Initial Trials

Conclusions and Next Steps

Background

EU transport policy

Closer relation between charges and costs

HGV Charging Systems

Various methods and systems but….

Factors Affecting Pavement Damage

Speed, distance GVW

Pavement type, thickness, roughness

Axle forces Axle and tyre properties

Vehicle

Characteristics

Pavement

Characteristics

Environmental

Conditions

HGV Charging Systems

Country Dynamic Axle

Weight

Number of Axles

Type of Axle

Tyre Properties

Pavement Properties

Distance Travelled

New Zealand X X X X

Eurovignette X X X X X

HELP (US) () X X X

Switzerland X X X X

Austria X X X X

Germany X X X X

Overview of the System

Dynamic Axle Forces

GPS Satellites

On-Board Unit

Cellular Tower

Back-Office System

Pavement Database

Damage Tariff Tables

Bill

Vehicle position,

Dynamic axle forces,

distance,speed,

date&time

Digital Road Map

On-Board System Components

On-board Unit

Axle Weighing Unit

Initial Field Trials

Description of Field Trials

Data processing procedure

Uploading of recorded data

Map-matching vehicle positions

Pavement properties of road links

Estimation of pavement damage

Map-Matching Vehicle Positions

Results from Map-Matching

Link IDRoad

NumberRoad Name Road

ClassChainageon Link

DistanceTravelled

74239 - N’BRIAN ROAD Minor 321.7 116.5

74565 B1326 N’BRIAN ROAD B 118.1 138.9

73179 A19 - A 63.2 151.2

73179 A19 - A 275.0 187.5

71861 A19 - A 519.0 282.2

94259 A19 - A 32.2 124.8

94432 A1058 COAST ROAD A 175.6 145.1

94387 A1058 COAST ROAD A 7.4 191.1

Pavement Properties of Map-Matched Road Links

Link IDRoad

NumberChainageon Link

PavementType

RoughnessCategory

Pavement Thickness

74239 - 321.7 FLEX 2 THIN

74565 B1326 118.1 RIGID 2 THIN

73179 A19 63.2 FLEX 1 THICK

73179 A19 275.0 FLEX 1 THICK

71861 A19 519.0 FLEX 2 THICK

94259 A19 32.2 RIGID 3 THIN

94432 A1058 175.6 RIGID 2 THIN

94387 A1058 7.4 RIGID 3 THICK

Sample of Axle Load Data

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

06:2

7:16

06:3

0:32

06:3

3:52

06:3

7:12

06:5

0:52

06:5

4:12

06:5

7:32

07:0

0:52

07:0

4:12

07:0

7:32

07:1

0:52

07:1

4:12

07:1

7:32

07:2

0:52

07:2

4:12

07:2

7:32

07:3

0:52

07:3

4:12

07:3

7:32

07:4

0:52

07:4

4:12

07:4

7:32

07:5

0:52

07:5

4:12

07:5

7:32

08:0

0:52

08:0

4:12

08:0

7:32

08:1

0:52

08:1

4:12

08:1

7:32

08:2

0:52

08:2

4:12

08:2

7:32

Time

Wei

gh

t o

f F

ron

t A

xle

(to

nn

es)

Constant Speed

Stationary

Deceleration

Acceleration

Results of Initial Trials

LinkID

AxleWt.(t)

Av. Veh.Sp

(km/h)

Pav.Type

Pav.Thickness

Pav.Rough

Damage Tariff

(per m)

DistanceTravelled

(m)

RelativeDamageCaused

74239 4.89 41.9 FLEX THIN 2 0.20 116.5 23.3

74565 4.89 50.0 RIGID THIN 2 0.24 138.9 33.3

73179 4.89 54.4 FLEX THICK 1 0.18 151.2 27.2

73179 4.89 67.5 FLEX THICK 1 0.18 187.5 33.8

71861 6.52 93.3 FLEX THICK 2 0.10 282.2 28.2

94259 6.52 44.9 RIGID THIN 3 0.15 124.8 18.7

94432 6.52 52.2 RIGID THIN 2 0.12 145.1 17.4

94387 6.52 68.8 RIGID THICK 3 0.14 191.1 26.8

Total Estimate of Relative Damage 208.7

Potential Benefits of the System

Improved system for cost recovery

Knowledge on the occurrence of

pavement damage

Improved loading practices

A more pavement-friendly HGV fleet

Conclusions and Next Steps

Data requirements

Pavement database, data compatibility

Recruitment and equipping of additional

HGVs for road trials

Evaluation of system and

recommendations for future development